dpquoc/ARC · Datasets at Hugging Face

Unnamed: 0 int64 0 2.25k	id stringlengths 8 22	question stringlengths 17 683	A stringlengths 1 147	B stringlengths 1 134	C stringlengths 1 153	D stringlengths 1 129 ⌀	answer stringclasses 5 values
81	Mercury_SC_408702	Howie put his plants under a plant light. What was he helping his plants do by providing light?	make food	attract insects	release pollen	grow roots	A
82	Mercury_406518	Which lists the diameter of the planets in order from smallest to largest?	Venus, Earth, Mercury, Mars	Earth, Mars, Venus, Mercury	Mars, Mercury, Earth, Venus	Mercury, Mars, Venus, Earth	D
83	Mercury_SC_410872	The aloe plant can absorb a lot of water during a rain shower. The extra water is stored in its leaves. The ability to store water in its leaves is most likely an adaptation to which type of environment?	one near the ocean	one with dry conditions	one with a variety of organisms	one that receives a lot of sunlight	B
84	Mercury_7107258	When stratospheric ozone levels are reduced, the amount of ultraviolet radiation hitting Earth increases. Ozone depletion is most often caused	by the reversal of the magnetic field of Earth.	when fluorocarbons are released into the atmosphere.	when electromagnetic waves from the Sun increase.	by abrupt changes in weather and climate patterns.	B
85	MCAS_2010_5_11992	Owen tested a physical property of a mineral. He rubbed a mineral sample on a piece of white tile. The mineral left a red mark on the tile. Which of the following physical properties of the mineral was Owen most likely testing?	cleavage	hardness	luster	streak	D
86	TIMSS_2011_4_pg91	Which of these animals has a young form that looks the most like the adult form?	moth	human	frog	butterfly	B
87	Mercury_7093275	Two tectonic plates pushing toward each other cause intense heat and pressure in Earth's crust. Into which will crust material be changed by heat and pressure?	fossils	sediments	igneous rock	metamorphic rock	D
88	Mercury_7083493	A student states that plants grow taller when grown in natural light than they do in artificial light. Which method is the best way to determine if the statement is fact or opinion?	conduct a controlled experiment	discuss the statement with other students	ask several teachers their thoughts	propose a scientific conclusion	A
89	Mercury_SC_401793	Which object is powered by an electrical circuit?	a drum	a flashlight	a matchstick	a wind-up toy	B
90	Mercury_7245560	Which concept supports the endosymbiotic origin of complex, eukaryotic double-membrane structures?	Mitochondria and chloroplasts arise from preexisting mitochondria and chloroplasts.	Mitochondria and chloroplasts arise from preexisting endomembrane systems.	Mitochondria and chloroplasts are synthesized in the nucleus.	Mitochondria and chloroplasts are synthesized in ribosomes.	A
91	VASoL_2010_5_1	Which of these human activities most relies on high-quality soil?	Hiking	Hunting	Coal mining	Growing crops	D
92	Mercury_SC_415075	What is an example of a shelter in an ecosystem?	a gray squirrel eating an acorn	a raccoon in a hollow log	a blue whale migrating	a tick feeding on a coyote	B
93	Mercury_7026408	Some areas of the world are experiencing more desert-like conditions. This change most favors survival of species with the ability to do which of the following?	consume large amounts of food	become dormant for long periods	sense infrared and ultraviolet light	transpire water through the skin to the atmosphere	B
94	NAEP_2009_4_S11+2	Roger poured water over a pile of sand. Some of the sand washed away. This process is similar to which of the following?	The eruption of a volcano	The erosion of the walls of a canyon	The uplifting of mountain ranges	The forming of dunes or mounds in a desert	B
95	Mercury_7081428	When an earthquake wave passes from the crust to the mantle, the wave	reverses direction.	changes speed.	increases energy.	stops moving.	B
96	OHAT_2008_5_20	A student wraps a wire around an iron nail. The student then connects the wire to a battery. The nail attracts another nail and they stick together. What force holds the two nails together?	gravitational force	magnetic force	electric force	friction force	B
97	MSA_2015_5_8	Natural processes cause rapid and slow changes to Earth's surface. Which event causes changes to Earth's surface most rapidly?	an earthquake shaking the ground	sediment washing into a bay	a rainstorm weathering rock	water flowing in stream	A
98	Mercury_7219135	Since 1961, Nevada has led the United States in production of which resource?	gold	uranium	lumber	iron	A
99	Mercury_SC_407594	A class is testing the effect of exercise on heart rate. The heart rate of two students before exercise is compared to their heart rate after running around a track. Which procedure will most likely help the class correctly compare the results of the two students?	test students who are the same height	have the students run on the same day	measure the distance each student runs	have the students run for the same amount of time	D
100	Mercury_7043505	Which interaction within an ecosystem is characterized by gradual change from one community of organisms to another?	symbiosis	food webs	energy pyramids	succession	D
101	Mercury_SC_401733	The continuous changes of a seed to an adult plant that produces seeds is known as a	lunar cycle.	weekly cycle.	daily cycle.	life cycle.	D
102	Mercury_SC_402087	When someone plays the flute, sound is produced because the air in the flute is	hot.	neutral.	vibrating.	vaporizing.	C
103	MSA_2015_5_24	Scientists compared Pluto with other objects in the solar system and found that Pluto is smaller than Earth's moon. This finding caused scientists to question whether Pluto is a planet because	Pluto gets less sunlight than Earth's moon	the other planets are much larger than Pluto	the other planets have moons and Pluto does not	Pluto rotates on its axis and the other planets do not	B
104	Mercury_SC_401233	When an iron nail wrapped in a copper wire is attached to a circuit, it forms	a battery.	an engine.	an insulator.	an electromagnet.	D
105	Mercury_7217788	Which gas accounts for the largest percentage of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere?	carbon monoxide	carbon dioxide	nitrous oxide	water vapor	D
106	ACTAAP_2007_7_20	Which human body system attacks viruses and bacteria once they have invaded the body?	circulatory	endocrine	digestive	immune	D
107	Mercury_7221165	The atoms that make up oxygen gas	share two covalent bonds.	have a definite shape.	share a pair of neutrons.	have two free electrons.	A
108	VASoL_2007_3_36	A student wants to cut a piece of string for a class activity. The length of the string is measured BEST in which units?	Gallons	Liters	Miles	Centimeters	D
109	Mercury_400498	If the atomic mass number of an atom is 35, which statement is most accurate?	The atom is not an isotope.	The atomic number is less than 17.	The atom has an odd number of neutrons.	The number of protons does not equal the number of neutrons.	D
110	Mercury_7188388	Biotic components need to be recycled through an ecosystem. Which type of organisms are best able to recycle nutrients back into the ecosystem?	decomposers	predators	producers	scavengers	A
111	Mercury_7136115	Roger visited his grandfather who lives on a farm. While he was there, he helped his grandfather move hay out of the barn. As Roger worked in the barn he began sneezing. Which system of the body most likely caused Roger to sneeze?	circulatory	excretory	digestive	immune	D
112	ACTAAP_2013_7_9	Why should plants be included in investigations about the water cycle?	Plants speed up the water cycle by removing carbon from the air.	Plants start the water cycle when they make water in photosynthesis.	Plants are part of the water cycle through the process of transpiration.	Plants stop the water cycle because they absorb it and stop the flow to streams.	C
113	AKDE&ED_2012_4_19	Which statement best identifies a basic need of all animals?	They need to eat.	They need to hide.	They need to jump.	They need to smell.	A
114	MCAS_2016_5_13	Which of the following describes an instinctive behavior?	a behavior that occurs only in adult fish	a behavior that occurs only in small mammals	a behavior that an animal learns how to do over time	a behavior that an animal is born knowing how to do	D
115	Mercury_7267873	Which of these provide the best evidence that life could develop on Mars?	its atmospheric gases	its surface temperatures	its craters and rocky surface	its ice and organic molecules	D
116	Mercury_SC_407162	The primary reason that plants are important for an ecosystem is because they	provide energy for consumers.	depend on other organisms for shelter.	break down dead animal matter.	consume nutrients for energy.	A
117	Mercury_7008890	Energy from the Sun reaches Earth by	radiation.	conduction.	convection.	thermal expansion.	A
118	Mercury_7235900	Scientists study the current conditions of many solar system objects to gain insight into conditions early in the history of Earth. Which phenomenon most closely models current theories of early Earth?	liquid forming valleys on Mars	hundreds of active volcanoes on Io	rock and ice forming the core of Neptune	ice covering the entire surface of Europa	B
119	Mercury_SC_408323	Jonathan places a pot of water on a stove. As the water boils, how does the state of the water change?	from gas to liquid	from liquid to gas	from liquid to solid	from solid to liquid	B
120	Mercury_404795	Animal cells obtain energy by	processing sunlight.	absorbing nutrients.	growing.	dividing.	B
121	Mercury_7071628	Which illness is associated with a weakened immune system in the body?	tetanus	cancer	measles	rabies	B
122	Mercury_7183645	In the human kidney, urea from the blood is filtered through the glomerular membrane into a nephron. The movement of urea across this membrane occurs without an input of energy. Which factor is the most likely reason urea absorption does not require energy?	a pH imbalance	a pressure difference	a temperature increase	a concentration gradient	D
123	Mercury_7115448	The greatest amount of diversity can be found among which type of organism?	plants	animals	bacteria	fungi	C
124	Mercury_7223125	Which energy type is common enough in Nevada to make a significant contribution to the renewable energy needs of the state?	coal	geothermal	natural gas	petroleum	B
125	Mercury_7207428	Until recently the Grand Canyon was thought to be about 5-6 million years old. Recently a scientist gathered data and wrote a paper for a scientific journal that indicated the canyon is about 17 million years old. Before this new information about the canyon is accepted, which of these needs to occur?	The scientist needs to publish additional papers.	The scientist needs to obtain government support.	Other scientists need to state their beliefs.	Many scientists need to evaluate the data.	D
126	Mercury_SC_400220	Which human trait is most likely inherited from a parent?	learning to ride a bike	holding a spoon	reading a book	height	D
127	MCAS_2005_9_2	Foam weather stripping is often placed in the frames of doors and windows in a home. What is the purpose of this weather stripping?	The weather stripping increases heat transfer by radiation.	Heat is conducted quickly through the weather stripping.	The weather stripping reduces heat loss due to convection.	Heat can transfer through the weather stripping due to reflection.	C
128	NYSEDREGENTS_2004_8_1	The items listed below were found in a science classroom. * a heart made of plastic with many of its parts labeled * clay formed to look like Earth and other planets * a giant plastic plant cell with removable cell parts These items are all examples of	models	experiments	variables	controls	A
129	MCAS_2008_8_5701	For a technology project, Kyle came up with an idea to build a model bridge. He wants his bridge to span 50 cm and to support a 1 kg object. According to the engineering design process, which of the following should be Kyle's next step?	construct prototypes of different kinds of bridges	research the different designs of bridges	gather the materials needed to build the bridge	make a drawing to show how to build the bridge	B
130	TIMSS_2011_8_pg118	Light travels fastest through which of the following?	air	glass	water	a vacuum	D
131	Mercury_SC_408414	Different systems of the human body perform different functions. Which system takes oxygen from the air to be moved by the circulatory system?	the respiratory system	the digestive system	the nervous system	the skeletal system	A
132	MCAS_2004_5_4	A solar cell turns sunlight into another form of energy. A solar cell is most like what natural structure?	an elephant's ears	a plant's leaves	a deer's hooves	a tree's roots	B
133	MCAS_2012_5_18	The Sun appears to move across the sky each day, rising in the east and setting in the west. What causes this apparent motion?	the rotation of Earth on its axis	the revolution of the Sun around Earth	the Earth’s distance from the Sun	the properties of Earth’s atmosphere	A
134	OHAT_2009_5_44	What causes a blue block to appear blue in the sunlight?	The block absorbs all blue light.	The block bends (refracts) all blue light.	Only blue light is reflected by the block.	Only blue light passes through the block.	C
135	Mercury_7121958	A student determined the density of different bars of soap. Which should the student most likely do to check the accuracy of the results?	complete the experiment in one day	test multiple brands of soap	record data in metric units	repeat the experiment	D
136	Mercury_SC_400024	Which method below would be the best way to determine if an egg, plastic foam, a piece of wood, or a candle would float on water?	observing each object in water	measuring the size of each object	calculating the weight of the objects	comparing the shapes of the objects	A
137	Mercury_SC_405024	Liam lives in the Northern Hemisphere of Earth and plays in the snow in December. His friend lives in the Southern Hemisphere of Earth and plays at the beach in December. What is the best explanation for why this is possible?	tilt of Earth on its axis	rotation of Earth on its axis	revolution of Earth around the Sun	revolution of the Moon around Earth	A
138	CSZ_2004_5_CSZ10300	A scientist needs to take a picture of the well-ordered arrangements of the atoms and molecules within a substance. Which of the following instruments would be best for the scientist to use?	a laser light with holograph.	a seismograph.	an electron microscope.	a stereoscope.	C
139	Mercury_7212433	Gold atoms can be identified based on the number of which subatomic particles?	neutrons	electrons	nuclei	protons	D
140	Mercury_SC_402050	Which is needed for both boiling and melting to occur?	solids	gases	heat	pressure	C
141	NAEP_2005_8_S11+15	Which of the following is an example of genetic engineering?	Growing a whole plant from a single cell.	Finding the sequences of bases in plant DNA.	Inserting a gene into plants that makes them resistant to insects.	Attaching the root of one type of plant to the stem of another type of plant.	C
142	MCAS_2009_8_8	Which of the following is an example of a container that is filled with a pure substance rather than with a mixture?	a tire filled with air	a jar filled with salt water	a balloon filled with helium	a glass filled with chocolate milk	C
143	CSZ_2006_5_CSZ10326	Which best describes the role of the esophagus in digestion?	It releases acid and mixes food.	It aids in absorption of nutrients from food.	It carries food from the mouth to the stomach.	It carries food from the stomach to the intestines.	C
144	AKDE&ED_2012_4_46	Which change is most likely caused by a thunderstorm?	a glacier moving	a stream flooding	a volcano erupting	a mountain forming	B
145	Mercury_7213938	Which is an example of an organism that has been selectively bred for a particular genetic trait?	cats that eat mice	cows that graze on grass	pigs that form large herds	chickens that lay large eggs	D
146	Mercury_7033618	Which of these can be described as a system of stars, gases, dust, and other matter that orbits a common center of gravity?	an asteroid	a galaxy	a nebula	a comet	B
147	Mercury_7144743	The Florida Bog Frog (Lithobates okaloosae) inhabits shallow stream overflows in three counties in Florida. With such a small geographic habitat, any change in the frog's environment could cause drastic changes in the population. Which would most likely affect the frog population if acid rain changed the pH of the water?	Prey insects would become inedible.	Tadpoles would be unable to survive.	Breeding sites would become unavailable.	Predators would choose another food source.	B
148	Mercury_7248325	Which function do kidneys provide to maintain homeostasis?	the removal of excess heat from the body	the removal of carbon dioxide from the body	the removal of excess oxygen from the blood	the removal of nitrogenous wastes from the blood	D
149	Mercury_7001750	While running, leg muscles work to move leg bones, and the skin helps to	regulate body temperature.	sense small changes in the heart rate.	transport nutrients to muscles.	maintain oxygen levels in the blood.	A
150	Mercury_7166898	Rolanda is growing tomato plants in her garden. She has created a compost pile and has been adding compost around her tomato plants to help fertilize them. Compost is solid waste in which organic material is broken down by microorganisms in the presence of oxygen to where it can be safely stored, handled, and applied to the environment. On what does Rolanda primarily rely in order for composting to work?	producers	consumers	scavengers	decomposers	D
151	Mercury_7164605	Some students were on a tour exploring the inside of a cave. While the students were in the cave, they realized they heard an echo every time that they spoke. Which most likely caused the echo to occur?	the accumulation of the sound waves	the diffraction of the sound waves	the refraction of the sound waves	the reflection of the sound waves	D
152	Mercury_7114048	A scientist uses angstrom units to measure the distance between two points. The scientist is most likely measuring the distance between two	atoms.	cities.	continents.	stars.	A
153	Mercury_7220745	Based on the evidence available at the time, early models of the solar system stated that all objects in space orbited Earth. In the 16th century, an astronomer reevaluated the evidence and proposed a model of the solar system that is still in use. What part of this model corrected the mistake in previous solar system models?	The Sun is at the center of this model.	Earth is the largest object in this model.	This model contains more than one star.	This model shows that Earth is stationary.	A
154	Mercury_7137655	The hormone insulin is secreted by the pancreas. Which activity is most likely to trigger an increase in the levels of insulin circulating in the blood?	driving	eating	jogging	sleeping	B
155	Mercury_7094850	In gym class a student kicks a soccer ball high into the air. As the ball goes upward, which type of energy is increasing?	kinetic energy	thermal energy	potential energy	mechanical energy	C
156	Mercury_7043733	Which best describes the orbit of the Moon around Earth?	circular with a period of about one month	circular with a period of about one week	elliptical with a period of about one month	elliptical with a period of about one week	C
157	OHAT_2011_8_41	In any physical or chemical process, what two quantities are always conserved?	matter and total energy	light and acoustic energy	density and thermal energy	gravity and potential energy	A
158	TIMSS_2003_8_pg5	The nucleus of MOST atoms consists of	neutrons only	protons and neutrons	protons and electrons	neutrons and electrons	B
159	MCAS_2008_8_5702	The complete removal of decomposers from an ecosystem will have the greatest effect on which of the following?	the spread of disease	the availability of water	the recycling of nutrients	the distribution of organisms	C
160	LEAP_2008_8_10424	In an accurate diagram of the solar system, which object would be shown closest to Earth?	the Moon	the asteroid belt	Mars	Saturn	A
161	MCAS_2000_8_11	Typically, sedimentary rocks are formed	only in erupting volcanoes.	only under great pressure and high temperatures.	below Earth's surface as magma cools and crystallizes.	from materials that settle.	D
162	Mercury_7068618	Which renewable resource is used with photovoltaic cells to produce electricity?	hydrothermal energy	solar energy	geothermal energy	nuclear energy	B
163	Mercury_SC_402621	Which will most likely happen to a solid substance that is heated?	It will melt.	It will boil.	It will harden.	It will evaporate.	A
164	Mercury_7081638	A scientist observes an unusual activity while studying bacterial cells. Using scientific inquiry to investigate the activity will enable the scientist to	control the behavior.	prove that the behavior is beneficial.	evaluate different explanations of the behavior.	conclude how the behavior will change in the future.	C
165	NYSEDREGENTS_2009_8_31	In order to survive, all organisms must have	chlorophyll	carbon dioxide	energy	blood	C
166	NYSEDREGENTS_2005_8_43	Which observation of a plant supports the inference that photosynthesis can take place?	a strong, sweet smell	a dry, rough texture	a green color	a smooth stem	C
167	Mercury_SC_402028	To safely conduct an experiment using chemicals, what should students always do?	Work in large groups.	Wear safety goggles.	Wear short sleeves.	Keep a window open.	B
168	NYSEDREGENTS_2009_8_25	Infections may be caused by	mutations	microorganisms	toxic substances	climate changes	B
169	Mercury_7008313	Which are two parts of the carbon cycle?	freezing and thawing	growth and reproduction	evaporation and precipitation	photosynthesis and respiration	D
170	Mercury_SC_408413	The digestive system breaks food into simple substances that the body can use. What system carries these simple substances from the digestive system to other parts of the body?	circulatory	nervous	respiratory	skeletal	A
171	Mercury_182140	A student conducts an experiment using a common but potentially harmful bacteria culture. After working with the bacteria, which is the most important safety practice to follow?	turn off any electrical equipment	dispose of waste materials	wash hands and tabletops thoroughly	return materials to their proper place	C
172	Mercury_SC_415479	Which of these environmental changes goes on for months or years?	drought	flood	avalanche	landslide	A
173	Mercury_SC_416531	Erin placed her shamrock plant in a dark corner. Soon she saw that the leaves had tilted toward her window. What did the plant need most from the window?	sunlight during the day	air during the day	darkness at night	warmth at night	A
174	MEA_2011_8_10	Which gravitational pull has the greatest influence on Earth's tides?	the gravitational pull between Earth and the Moon	the gravitational pull between Earth and the Sun	the gravitational pull between Earth and Jupiter	the gravitational pull between Earth and Mars	A
175	Mercury_7142363	One key physical process in beach formation is wave action. Sand is deposited on beaches as waves break onto the shoreline and the energy from the wave scatters. Which type of energy is most used by wave action to modify the shape of the beaches?	thermal	potential	chemical	mechanical	D
176	VASoL_2008_3_34	A student is asked to bring something that feels rough to class. Which would be BEST for him to bring?	Pillow	Marble	Sandpaper	Trading card	C
177	Mercury_SC_400835	What tool would be used to examine a fingerprint?	a graduated cylinder	a hand lens	a pair of goggles	a thermometer	B
178	MCAS_2015_5_15	Which of the following is a mineral?	diamond	plastic	steel	wood	A
179	Mercury_SC_415409	During a rainstorm, leaves wash down a gully on a hillside. The water slows down at the foot of the hill and fans out, depositing the leaves. What geologic structure is formed in a similar way?	a basalt column	a stalactite	a fault line	a delta	D
180	Mercury_SC_401237	The change in fur color of the Arctic hare from brown in the summer to white in the winter is an example of	mimicry.	heredity.	diversity.	camouflage.	D

81

Mercury_SC_408702

Howie put his plants under a plant light. What was he helping his plants do by providing light?

make food

attract insects

release pollen

grow roots

A

82

Mercury_406518

Which lists the diameter of the planets in order from smallest to largest?

Venus, Earth, Mercury, Mars

Earth, Mars, Venus, Mercury

Mars, Mercury, Earth, Venus

Mercury, Mars, Venus, Earth

D

83

Mercury_SC_410872

The aloe plant can absorb a lot of water during a rain shower. The extra water is stored in its leaves. The ability to store water in its leaves is most likely an adaptation to which type of environment?

one near the ocean

one with dry conditions

one with a variety of organisms

one that receives a lot of sunlight

B

84

Mercury_7107258

When stratospheric ozone levels are reduced, the amount of ultraviolet radiation hitting Earth increases. Ozone depletion is most often caused

by the reversal of the magnetic field of Earth.

when fluorocarbons are released into the atmosphere.

when electromagnetic waves from the Sun increase.

by abrupt changes in weather and climate patterns.

B

85

MCAS_2010_5_11992

Owen tested a physical property of a mineral. He rubbed a mineral sample on a piece of white tile. The mineral left a red mark on the tile. Which of the following physical properties of the mineral was Owen most likely testing?

cleavage

hardness

luster

streak

D

86

TIMSS_2011_4_pg91

Which of these animals has a young form that looks the most like the adult form?

moth

human

frog

butterfly

B

87

Mercury_7093275

Two tectonic plates pushing toward each other cause intense heat and pressure in Earth's crust. Into which will crust material be changed by heat and pressure?

fossils

sediments

igneous rock

metamorphic rock

D

88

Mercury_7083493

A student states that plants grow taller when grown in natural light than they do in artificial light. Which method is the best way to determine if the statement is fact or opinion?

conduct a controlled experiment

discuss the statement with other students

ask several teachers their thoughts

propose a scientific conclusion

A

89

Mercury_SC_401793

Which object is powered by an electrical circuit?

a drum

a flashlight

a matchstick

a wind-up toy

B

90

Mercury_7245560

Which concept supports the endosymbiotic origin of complex, eukaryotic double-membrane structures?

Mitochondria and chloroplasts arise from preexisting mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Mitochondria and chloroplasts arise from preexisting endomembrane systems.

Mitochondria and chloroplasts are synthesized in the nucleus.

Mitochondria and chloroplasts are synthesized in ribosomes.

A

91

VASoL_2010_5_1

Which of these human activities most relies on high-quality soil?

Hiking

Hunting

Coal mining

Growing crops

D

92

Mercury_SC_415075

What is an example of a shelter in an ecosystem?

a gray squirrel eating an acorn

a raccoon in a hollow log

a blue whale migrating

a tick feeding on a coyote

B

93

Mercury_7026408

Some areas of the world are experiencing more desert-like conditions. This change most favors survival of species with the ability to do which of the following?

consume large amounts of food

become dormant for long periods

sense infrared and ultraviolet light

transpire water through the skin to the atmosphere

B

94

NAEP_2009_4_S11+2

Roger poured water over a pile of sand. Some of the sand washed away. This process is similar to which of the following?

The eruption of a volcano

The erosion of the walls of a canyon

The uplifting of mountain ranges

The forming of dunes or mounds in a desert

B

95

Mercury_7081428

When an earthquake wave passes from the crust to the mantle, the wave

reverses direction.

changes speed.

increases energy.

stops moving.

B

96

OHAT_2008_5_20

A student wraps a wire around an iron nail. The student then connects the wire to a battery. The nail attracts another nail and they stick together. What force holds the two nails together?

gravitational force

magnetic force

electric force

friction force

B

97

MSA_2015_5_8

Natural processes cause rapid and slow changes to Earth's surface. Which event causes changes to Earth's surface most rapidly?

an earthquake shaking the ground

sediment washing into a bay

a rainstorm weathering rock

water flowing in stream

A

98

Mercury_7219135

Since 1961, Nevada has led the United States in production of which resource?

gold

uranium

lumber

iron

A

99

Mercury_SC_407594

A class is testing the effect of exercise on heart rate. The heart rate of two students before exercise is compared to their heart rate after running around a track. Which procedure will most likely help the class correctly compare the results of the two students?

test students who are the same height

have the students run on the same day

measure the distance each student runs

have the students run for the same amount of time

D

100

Mercury_7043505

Which interaction within an ecosystem is characterized by gradual change from one community of organisms to another?

symbiosis

food webs

energy pyramids

succession

D

101

Mercury_SC_401733

The continuous changes of a seed to an adult plant that produces seeds is known as a

lunar cycle.

weekly cycle.

daily cycle.

life cycle.

D

102

Mercury_SC_402087

When someone plays the flute, sound is produced because the air in the flute is

hot.

neutral.

vibrating.

vaporizing.

C

103

MSA_2015_5_24

Scientists compared Pluto with other objects in the solar system and found that Pluto is smaller than Earth's moon. This finding caused scientists to question whether Pluto is a planet because

Pluto gets less sunlight than Earth's moon

the other planets are much larger than Pluto

the other planets have moons and Pluto does not

Pluto rotates on its axis and the other planets do not

B

104

Mercury_SC_401233

When an iron nail wrapped in a copper wire is attached to a circuit, it forms

a battery.

an engine.

an insulator.

an electromagnet.

D

105

Mercury_7217788

Which gas accounts for the largest percentage of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere?

carbon monoxide

carbon dioxide

nitrous oxide

water vapor

D

106

ACTAAP_2007_7_20

Which human body system attacks viruses and bacteria once they have invaded the body?

circulatory

endocrine

digestive

immune

D

107

Mercury_7221165

The atoms that make up oxygen gas

share two covalent bonds.

have a definite shape.

share a pair of neutrons.

have two free electrons.

A

108

VASoL_2007_3_36

A student wants to cut a piece of string for a class activity. The length of the string is measured BEST in which units?

Gallons

Liters

Miles

Centimeters

D

109

Mercury_400498

If the atomic mass number of an atom is 35, which statement is most accurate?

The atom is not an isotope.

The atomic number is less than 17.

The atom has an odd number of neutrons.

The number of protons does not equal the number of neutrons.

D

110

Mercury_7188388

Biotic components need to be recycled through an ecosystem. Which type of organisms are best able to recycle nutrients back into the ecosystem?

decomposers

predators

producers

scavengers

A

111

Mercury_7136115

Roger visited his grandfather who lives on a farm. While he was there, he helped his grandfather move hay out of the barn. As Roger worked in the barn he began sneezing. Which system of the body most likely caused Roger to sneeze?

circulatory

excretory

digestive

immune

D

112

ACTAAP_2013_7_9

Why should plants be included in investigations about the water cycle?

Plants speed up the water cycle by removing carbon from the air.

Plants start the water cycle when they make water in photosynthesis.

Plants are part of the water cycle through the process of transpiration.

Plants stop the water cycle because they absorb it and stop the flow to streams.

C

113

AKDE&ED_2012_4_19

Which statement best identifies a basic need of all animals?

They need to eat.

They need to hide.

They need to jump.

They need to smell.

A

114

MCAS_2016_5_13

Which of the following describes an instinctive behavior?

a behavior that occurs only in adult fish

a behavior that occurs only in small mammals

a behavior that an animal learns how to do over time

a behavior that an animal is born knowing how to do

D

115

Mercury_7267873

Which of these provide the best evidence that life could develop on Mars?

its atmospheric gases

its surface temperatures

its craters and rocky surface

its ice and organic molecules

D

116

Mercury_SC_407162

The primary reason that plants are important for an ecosystem is because they

provide energy for consumers.

depend on other organisms for shelter.

break down dead animal matter.

consume nutrients for energy.

A

117

Mercury_7008890

Energy from the Sun reaches Earth by

radiation.

conduction.

convection.

thermal expansion.

A

118

Mercury_7235900

Scientists study the current conditions of many solar system objects to gain insight into conditions early in the history of Earth. Which phenomenon most closely models current theories of early Earth?

liquid forming valleys on Mars

hundreds of active volcanoes on Io

rock and ice forming the core of Neptune

ice covering the entire surface of Europa

B

119

Mercury_SC_408323

Jonathan places a pot of water on a stove. As the water boils, how does the state of the water change?

from gas to liquid

from liquid to gas

from liquid to solid

from solid to liquid

B

120

Mercury_404795

Animal cells obtain energy by

processing sunlight.

absorbing nutrients.

growing.

dividing.

B

121

Mercury_7071628

Which illness is associated with a weakened immune system in the body?

tetanus

cancer

measles

rabies

B

122

Mercury_7183645

In the human kidney, urea from the blood is filtered through the glomerular membrane into a nephron. The movement of urea across this membrane occurs without an input of energy. Which factor is the most likely reason urea absorption does not require energy?

a pH imbalance

a pressure difference

a temperature increase

a concentration gradient

D

123

Mercury_7115448

The greatest amount of diversity can be found among which type of organism?

plants

animals

bacteria

fungi

C

124

Mercury_7223125

Which energy type is common enough in Nevada to make a significant contribution to the renewable energy needs of the state?

coal

geothermal

natural gas

petroleum

B

125

Mercury_7207428

Until recently the Grand Canyon was thought to be about 5-6 million years old. Recently a scientist gathered data and wrote a paper for a scientific journal that indicated the canyon is about 17 million years old. Before this new information about the canyon is accepted, which of these needs to occur?

The scientist needs to publish additional papers.

The scientist needs to obtain government support.

Other scientists need to state their beliefs.

Many scientists need to evaluate the data.

D

126

Mercury_SC_400220

Which human trait is most likely inherited from a parent?

learning to ride a bike

holding a spoon

reading a book

height

D

127

MCAS_2005_9_2

Foam weather stripping is often placed in the frames of doors and windows in a home. What is the purpose of this weather stripping?

The weather stripping increases heat transfer by radiation.

Heat is conducted quickly through the weather stripping.

The weather stripping reduces heat loss due to convection.

Heat can transfer through the weather stripping due to reflection.

C

128

NYSEDREGENTS_2004_8_1

The items listed below were found in a science classroom. * a heart made of plastic with many of its parts labeled * clay formed to look like Earth and other planets * a giant plastic plant cell with removable cell parts These items are all examples of

models

experiments

variables

controls

A

129

MCAS_2008_8_5701

For a technology project, Kyle came up with an idea to build a model bridge. He wants his bridge to span 50 cm and to support a 1 kg object. According to the engineering design process, which of the following should be Kyle's next step?

construct prototypes of different kinds of bridges

research the different designs of bridges

gather the materials needed to build the bridge

make a drawing to show how to build the bridge

B

130

TIMSS_2011_8_pg118

Light travels fastest through which of the following?

air

glass

water

a vacuum

D

131

Mercury_SC_408414

Different systems of the human body perform different functions. Which system takes oxygen from the air to be moved by the circulatory system?

the respiratory system

the digestive system

the nervous system

the skeletal system

A

132

MCAS_2004_5_4

A solar cell turns sunlight into another form of energy. A solar cell is most like what natural structure?

an elephant's ears

a plant's leaves

a deer's hooves

a tree's roots

B

133

MCAS_2012_5_18

The Sun appears to move across the sky each day, rising in the east and setting in the west. What causes this apparent motion?

the rotation of Earth on its axis

the revolution of the Sun around Earth

the Earth’s distance from the Sun

the properties of Earth’s atmosphere

A

134

OHAT_2009_5_44

What causes a blue block to appear blue in the sunlight?

The block absorbs all blue light.

The block bends (refracts) all blue light.

Only blue light is reflected by the block.

Only blue light passes through the block.

C

135

Mercury_7121958

A student determined the density of different bars of soap. Which should the student most likely do to check the accuracy of the results?

complete the experiment in one day

test multiple brands of soap

record data in metric units

repeat the experiment

D

136

Mercury_SC_400024

Which method below would be the best way to determine if an egg, plastic foam, a piece of wood, or a candle would float on water?

observing each object in water

measuring the size of each object

calculating the weight of the objects

comparing the shapes of the objects

A

137

Mercury_SC_405024

Liam lives in the Northern Hemisphere of Earth and plays in the snow in December. His friend lives in the Southern Hemisphere of Earth and plays at the beach in December. What is the best explanation for why this is possible?

tilt of Earth on its axis

rotation of Earth on its axis

revolution of Earth around the Sun

revolution of the Moon around Earth

A

138

CSZ_2004_5_CSZ10300

A scientist needs to take a picture of the well-ordered arrangements of the atoms and molecules within a substance. Which of the following instruments would be best for the scientist to use?

a laser light with holograph.

a seismograph.

an electron microscope.

a stereoscope.

C

139

Mercury_7212433

Gold atoms can be identified based on the number of which subatomic particles?

neutrons

electrons

nuclei

protons

D

140

Mercury_SC_402050

Which is needed for both boiling and melting to occur?

solids

gases

heat

pressure

C

141

NAEP_2005_8_S11+15

Which of the following is an example of genetic engineering?

Growing a whole plant from a single cell.

Finding the sequences of bases in plant DNA.

Inserting a gene into plants that makes them resistant to insects.

Attaching the root of one type of plant to the stem of another type of plant.

C

142

MCAS_2009_8_8

Which of the following is an example of a container that is filled with a pure substance rather than with a mixture?

a tire filled with air

a jar filled with salt water

a balloon filled with helium

a glass filled with chocolate milk

C

143

CSZ_2006_5_CSZ10326

Which best describes the role of the esophagus in digestion?

It releases acid and mixes food.

It aids in absorption of nutrients from food.

It carries food from the mouth to the stomach.

It carries food from the stomach to the intestines.

C

144

AKDE&ED_2012_4_46

Which change is most likely caused by a thunderstorm?

a glacier moving

a stream flooding

a volcano erupting

a mountain forming

B

145

Mercury_7213938

Which is an example of an organism that has been selectively bred for a particular genetic trait?

cats that eat mice

cows that graze on grass

pigs that form large herds

chickens that lay large eggs

D

146

Mercury_7033618

Which of these can be described as a system of stars, gases, dust, and other matter that orbits a common center of gravity?

an asteroid

a galaxy

a nebula

a comet

B

147

Mercury_7144743

The Florida Bog Frog (Lithobates okaloosae) inhabits shallow stream overflows in three counties in Florida. With such a small geographic habitat, any change in the frog's environment could cause drastic changes in the population. Which would most likely affect the frog population if acid rain changed the pH of the water?

Prey insects would become inedible.

Tadpoles would be unable to survive.

Breeding sites would become unavailable.

Predators would choose another food source.

B

148

Mercury_7248325

Which function do kidneys provide to maintain homeostasis?

the removal of excess heat from the body

the removal of carbon dioxide from the body

the removal of excess oxygen from the blood

the removal of nitrogenous wastes from the blood

D

149

Mercury_7001750

While running, leg muscles work to move leg bones, and the skin helps to

regulate body temperature.

sense small changes in the heart rate.

transport nutrients to muscles.

maintain oxygen levels in the blood.

A

150

Mercury_7166898

Rolanda is growing tomato plants in her garden. She has created a compost pile and has been adding compost around her tomato plants to help fertilize them. Compost is solid waste in which organic material is broken down by microorganisms in the presence of oxygen to where it can be safely stored, handled, and applied to the environment. On what does Rolanda primarily rely in order for composting to work?

producers

consumers

scavengers

decomposers

D

151

Mercury_7164605

Some students were on a tour exploring the inside of a cave. While the students were in the cave, they realized they heard an echo every time that they spoke. Which most likely caused the echo to occur?

the accumulation of the sound waves

the diffraction of the sound waves

the refraction of the sound waves

the reflection of the sound waves

D

152

Mercury_7114048

A scientist uses angstrom units to measure the distance between two points. The scientist is most likely measuring the distance between two

atoms.

cities.

continents.

stars.

A

153

Mercury_7220745

Based on the evidence available at the time, early models of the solar system stated that all objects in space orbited Earth. In the 16th century, an astronomer reevaluated the evidence and proposed a model of the solar system that is still in use. What part of this model corrected the mistake in previous solar system models?

The Sun is at the center of this model.

Earth is the largest object in this model.

This model contains more than one star.

This model shows that Earth is stationary.

A

154

Mercury_7137655

The hormone insulin is secreted by the pancreas. Which activity is most likely to trigger an increase in the levels of insulin circulating in the blood?

driving

eating

jogging

sleeping

B

155

Mercury_7094850

In gym class a student kicks a soccer ball high into the air. As the ball goes upward, which type of energy is increasing?

kinetic energy

thermal energy

potential energy

mechanical energy

C

156

Mercury_7043733

Which best describes the orbit of the Moon around Earth?

circular with a period of about one month

circular with a period of about one week

elliptical with a period of about one month

elliptical with a period of about one week

C

157

OHAT_2011_8_41

In any physical or chemical process, what two quantities are always conserved?

matter and total energy

light and acoustic energy

density and thermal energy

gravity and potential energy

A

158

TIMSS_2003_8_pg5

The nucleus of MOST atoms consists of

neutrons only

protons and neutrons

protons and electrons

neutrons and electrons

B

159

MCAS_2008_8_5702

The complete removal of decomposers from an ecosystem will have the greatest effect on which of the following?

the spread of disease

the availability of water

the recycling of nutrients

the distribution of organisms

C

160

LEAP_2008_8_10424

In an accurate diagram of the solar system, which object would be shown closest to Earth?

the Moon

the asteroid belt

Mars

Saturn

A

161

MCAS_2000_8_11

Typically, sedimentary rocks are formed

only in erupting volcanoes.

only under great pressure and high temperatures.

below Earth's surface as magma cools and crystallizes.

from materials that settle.

D

162

Mercury_7068618

Which renewable resource is used with photovoltaic cells to produce electricity?

hydrothermal energy

solar energy

geothermal energy

nuclear energy

B

163

Mercury_SC_402621

Which will most likely happen to a solid substance that is heated?

It will melt.

It will boil.

It will harden.

It will evaporate.

A

164

Mercury_7081638

A scientist observes an unusual activity while studying bacterial cells. Using scientific inquiry to investigate the activity will enable the scientist to

control the behavior.

prove that the behavior is beneficial.

evaluate different explanations of the behavior.

conclude how the behavior will change in the future.

C

165

NYSEDREGENTS_2009_8_31

In order to survive, all organisms must have

chlorophyll

carbon dioxide

energy

blood

C

166

NYSEDREGENTS_2005_8_43

Which observation of a plant supports the inference that photosynthesis can take place?

a strong, sweet smell

a dry, rough texture

a green color

a smooth stem

C

167

Mercury_SC_402028

To safely conduct an experiment using chemicals, what should students always do?

Work in large groups.

Wear safety goggles.

Wear short sleeves.

Keep a window open.

B

168

NYSEDREGENTS_2009_8_25

Infections may be caused by

mutations

microorganisms

toxic substances

climate changes

B

169

Mercury_7008313

Which are two parts of the carbon cycle?

freezing and thawing

growth and reproduction

evaporation and precipitation

photosynthesis and respiration

D

170

Mercury_SC_408413

The digestive system breaks food into simple substances that the body can use. What system carries these simple substances from the digestive system to other parts of the body?

circulatory

nervous

respiratory

skeletal

A

171

Mercury_182140

A student conducts an experiment using a common but potentially harmful bacteria culture. After working with the bacteria, which is the most important safety practice to follow?

turn off any electrical equipment

dispose of waste materials

wash hands and tabletops thoroughly

return materials to their proper place

C

172

Mercury_SC_415479

Which of these environmental changes goes on for months or years?

drought

flood

avalanche

landslide

A

173

Mercury_SC_416531

Erin placed her shamrock plant in a dark corner. Soon she saw that the leaves had tilted toward her window. What did the plant need most from the window?

sunlight during the day

air during the day

darkness at night

warmth at night

A

174

MEA_2011_8_10

Which gravitational pull has the greatest influence on Earth's tides?

the gravitational pull between Earth and the Moon

the gravitational pull between Earth and the Sun

the gravitational pull between Earth and Jupiter

the gravitational pull between Earth and Mars

A

175

Mercury_7142363

One key physical process in beach formation is wave action. Sand is deposited on beaches as waves break onto the shoreline and the energy from the wave scatters. Which type of energy is most used by wave action to modify the shape of the beaches?

thermal

potential

chemical

mechanical

D

176

VASoL_2008_3_34

A student is asked to bring something that feels rough to class. Which would be BEST for him to bring?

Pillow

Marble

Sandpaper

Trading card

C

177

Mercury_SC_400835

What tool would be used to examine a fingerprint?

a graduated cylinder

a hand lens

a pair of goggles

a thermometer

B

178

MCAS_2015_5_15

Which of the following is a mineral?

diamond

plastic

steel

wood

A

179

Mercury_SC_415409

During a rainstorm, leaves wash down a gully on a hillside. The water slows down at the foot of the hill and fans out, depositing the leaves. What geologic structure is formed in a similar way?

a basalt column

a stalactite

a fault line

a delta

D

180

Mercury_SC_401237

The change in fur color of the Arctic hare from brown in the summer to white in the winter is an example of

mimicry.

heredity.

diversity.

camouflage.

D