dpquoc/ARC · Datasets at Hugging Face

Unnamed: 0 int64 0 2.25k	id stringlengths 8 22	question stringlengths 17 683	A stringlengths 1 147	B stringlengths 1 134	C stringlengths 1 153	D stringlengths 1 129 ⌀	answer stringclasses 5 values
2,081	Mercury_SC_415027	How are droughts always different from floods?	They have different locations.	They happen in different ecosystems.	They have different amounts of water.	They happen at different times of the year.	C
2,082	CSZ_2007_5_CSZ10243	Which of the following is a harmful waste material that leaves the blood and travels through the lungs before leaving the body?	CO2.	O2.	H2O.	NaCl.	A
2,083	VASoL_2009_3_9	How are a tree and grass alike?	Both make wood.	Both have roots.	Both need moonlight.	Both have short lives.	B
2,084	Mercury_7064120	What organ system in the human body contains the pituitary gland, hypothalamus gland, and thyroid gland?	reproductive system	excretory system	endocrine system	circulatory system	C
2,085	NYSEDREGENTS_2007_8_9	Which term describes an organism's ability to maintain a stable internal environment?	reproduction	extinction	locomotion	regulation	D
2,086	TIMSS_2011_8_pg14	Which of the following can provide the human body with long-term immunity against some diseases?	antibiotics	vitamins	vaccines	red blood cells	C
2,087	Mercury_7219363	Which event is most likely to increase the genetic variation in a population of organisms?	improved hunting techniques	greater environmental stress	increased immigration	introduced predators	C
2,088	Mercury_SC_415472	Where would animals and plants be most affected by a flood?	low areas	high areas	warm areas	cold areas	A
2,089	Mercury_7234238	Which seismic wave phenomenon, found at structural boundaries, allows scientists to interpret the interior structure of Earth?	refraction of waves	generation of new waves	transformation of transverse waves into longitudinal waves	transformation of mechanical waves into electromagnetic waves	A
2,090	Mercury_SC_401261	When ice melts, it becomes a	gas.	solid.	liquid.	plasma.	C
2,091	Mercury_415544	Which combination of letters could be used as a chemical symbol for an element?	BR	Chl	Dy	FeO	C
2,092	Mercury_7213098	How is the stratosphere different from the troposphere?	The clouds in the stratosphere produce more rain.	The air in the stratosphere has a greater density.	The composition of the stratosphere lacks ozone.	The temperature of the stratosphere warms at higher altitude.	D
2,093	Mercury_7030048	If a student gets a chemical splashed into an eye, what is the most appropriate first action to be taken?	wipe it with a paper towel	call 911 for emergency services	have someone go get the school nurse	flush the eye with water at an eyewash station	D
2,094	MCAS_2007_8_5190	Which of the following best describes an advantage of using a mass production manufacturing system instead of a custom manufacturing system?	Customers can provide specific feedback to workers.	Workers become skilled in all aspects of assembly.	Goods can be easily modified for customers.	Products can be made at a lower cost.	D
2,095	Mercury_SC_400053	Which adaptation allows a walrus to stay warm in cold water?	reddish coat	bristly mustache	wrinkled skin	thick layer of blubber	D
2,096	Mercury_7024150	Ninety-nine percent of the mass of an atom is located in	the outermost energy level.	the first energy level.	the electron clouds.	the nucleus.	D
2,097	Mercury_7085593	Which of the following is a common renewable resource found in deserts?	biodiesel	uranium	natural gas	solar energy	D
2,098	NYSEDREGENTS_2004_8_17	Beaver dams can cause floods. This statement shows how	animal growth is affected by environmental conditions	animal behavior may affect the environment	an animal's health depends on its environment	an animal's development depends on its environment	B
2,099	Mercury_7004970	A scientist crosses a red-flowered plant with a white-flowered plant, and all offspring have red flowers. What will most likely result if these red-flowered offspring are crossed with white-flowered plants?	All of the offspring will have red flowers.	All of the offspring will have white flowers.	The offspring will have either red or white flowers.	The offspring will have neither red nor white flowers.	C
2,100	MEA_2016_8_11	Genetically modified plants with new characteristics have been produced through genetic engineering methods. What impacts have resulted from the use of genetically modified plants?	decreases in farm production	decreases in corn, soybean, cottonseed, and canola oils	increases in time required to plant, grow, and harvest crops	increases in resistance to herbicides, insects, and viral diseases	D
2,101	NCEOGA_2013_8_33	Which best explains the importance of nitrogen in the cycling of energy and matter?	Nitrogen increases protein production in plants.	Nitrogen decreases protein production in plants.	Nitrogen decreases the effectiveness of photosynthesis.	Nitrogen increases the effectiveness of photosynthesis.	A
2,102	TAKS_2009_5_38	Which of these mixtures would be easiest to separate?	Fruit salad	Powdered lemonade	Hot chocolate	Instant pudding	A
2,103	NAEP_2000_4_S12+1	If you wanted to be able to look at the stars, the planets, and the Moon more closely, what should you use?	Telescope	Periscope	Microscope	Magnifying glass	A
2,104	Mercury_SC_LBS10584	Which of the following is a correct food chain?	human -> corn -> cow	corn -> human -> cow	corn -> cow -> human	cow -> human -> corn	C
2,105	Mercury_7086188	Which of these is directly formed as a result of weathering and erosion?	crystals	sediments	igneous rocks	metamorphic rocks	B
2,106	TIMSS_2003_8_pg10	Most underground caves are formed by the action of water on	granite	limestone	sandstone	shale	B
2,107	Mercury_7175315	A group of students is taking a hike along a stream channel. One student picks up a rock from the stream and notices that the rock is very smooth and round. Which type of weathering most likely shaped the rock?	abrasion	exfoliation	fracturing	oxidation	A
2,108	MCAS_2008_5_5614	Which of the following is most likely to make a rock crack and crumble?	dew evaporating on the rock	leaves decaying on the rock	snow melting in a crack in the rock	water freezing in a crack in the rock	D
2,109	Mercury_7128678	Which is the most likely reason why scientific theories change?	public opinions change	retiring scientists are replaced	more money is spent on science	scientists make new observations	D
2,110	NYSEDREGENTS_2007_8_8	A plant produces tiny plants around the edges of its leaves. When these tiny plants fall to the ground, they take root and become new plants. This process is an example of	sexual reproduction	asexual reproduction	evolution	extinction	B
2,111	MCAS_2001_5_7	A function of a plant's roots is to	protect the plant.	absorb water and minerals.	remove waste products.	take in food for the plant.	B
2,112	Mercury_7206115	In order for sediments to become rock, the sediments are generally	mixed with organic material.	returned to their origins.	compacted.	liquefied.	C
2,113	MCAS_2008_8_5698	When bedrock in Massachusetts is examined, it often appears scraped and polished. Which of the following most likely caused the bedrock to appear scraped and polished?	crustal deformation	frequent earthquakes	glacial movement	volcanic eruptions	C
2,114	Mercury_7012723	Endothermic reactions are reactions that require more energy to start than they give off in the products. Which statement describes an endothermic reaction?	It gives off heat energy and is hot to the touch.	It absorbs heat energy and is cold to the touch.	It gives off light energy and produces visible light.	It gives off water and is wet to the touch.	B
2,115	Mercury_SC_LBS10824	Which pair of English and metric units has most nearly the same value?	liter and quart	gram and ounce	kilogram and pound	kilometer and mile	A
2,116	Mercury_7140455	Students are studying the classifications of stars and they learned that the majority of stars are similar to the Sun. What can the students conclude knowing that most of the stars in the galaxy are like the Sun?	Most of the stars will become black holes.	Most of the stars are main sequence stars.	Most of the stars are protostars.	Most of the stars are red giants.	B
2,117	MEA_2014_8_1	Mosquitoes have adapted to detect carbon dioxide using certain sensory nerves. Mosquitoes instinctually move toward greater concentrations of carbon dioxide. What is the importance of this adaptation?	It helps mosquitoes find food.	It helps mosquitoes find mates.	It helps mosquitoes find clean air.	It helps mosquitoes find shelter.	A
2,118	NYSEDREGENTS_2009_4_5	Which unit can be used to describe an object's length?	grams	minutes	liters	meters	D
2,119	Mercury_7172130	Meteorologists categorize hurricanes based on the Saffir-Simpson scale. The scale measures the intensity and destructive potential of hurricanes. Which factor has the most significant effect on the strength of a hurricane?	the initial speed of a hurricane	the direction that the hurricane rotates	the number of hurricanes that form in a year	the temperature of the water below the hurricane	D
2,120	Mercury_7074935	Multicellular organisms grow in size by producing more	cells.	organs.	heart muscle.	chlorophyll.	A
2,121	Mercury_7268730	Which a molecular process found only in retroviruses?	reverse translation	translation	reverse transcription	transcription	C
2,122	Mercury_SC_406726	A group of students are observing a fish tank for a school assignment. The group is to share the observations with the class. Which statement about observations is true?	Observations should always be recorded.	Observations should be collected only once.	Observations are only collected by scientists.	Observations are always correct if used in a chart.	A
2,123	Mercury_410711	Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO_{3}) is commonly known as baking soda. Sodium bicarbonate is a white solid that can dissolve in water. Under the proper conditions, sodium bicarbonate can release carbon dioxide (CO_{2}) gas. Which of the following is not a physical property of sodium bicarbonate?	It is white.	It is a solid.	It can dissolve in water.	It releases carbon dioxide.	D
2,124	Mercury_178903	To help it survive, an organism has a capsule, endospore, and pili. To which group does this organism belong?	bacteria	mollusk	insect	reptile	A
2,125	Mercury_184310	What advantage is gained by using radio telescopes as opposed to optical telescopes?	viewed images are clearer	operation is less complex	ability to see through clouds and dust	ability to take up less space	C
2,126	Mercury_179183	The process by which organisms with favorable variations reproduce at higher rates than those without such variations is	disruptive selection.	natural selection.	sexual selection.	directional selection.	B
2,127	NYSEDREGENTS_2006_8_28	Competition is most likely to occur between which two organisms?	deer and butterflies	owls and bacteria	goldfish and rabbits	grass and strawberry plants	D
2,128	Mercury_SC_406660	Some animals, such as squirrels, may bury acorns. Which of the following is most likely to happen to the acorns after they have been buried?	The acorns will be carried away by the wind.	The acorns will attach to another organism.	The acorns will have a chance to sprout.	The acorns will turn into fossils.	C
2,129	CSZ_2004_5_CSZ10403	Why are most fossils found in sedimentary rocks?	Sedimentary rocks are not very old.	Organisms live only in areas with sedimentary rock.	Organisms can be preserved in sedimentary rock.	Sedimentary rocks are found only at the surface of the ground.	C
2,130	NYSEDREGENTS_2005_8_14	Which model is used by scientists to determine the properties of elements?	a Punnett square	the Periodic Table	a pedigree chart	the rock cycle	B
2,131	Mercury_7267768	Life is more likely to be found on a planet whose atmosphere contains abundant	neon.	oxygen.	hydrogen.	sulfur dioxide.	B
2,132	MCAS_2009_5_6515	Approximately how long does Earth take to complete its orbit around the Sun?	one day	one month	one year	one century	C
2,133	Mercury_7214900	A student describes a substance as lacking a definite shape. The description also states that the particles of matter are close to each other but still able to flow past each other. Which type of substance is the student most likely describing?	solid	liquid	mixture	compound	B
2,134	Mercury_7239663	Electron transport in mitochondria results in a chemiosmotic gradient of which particle across the mitochondrial membrane?	ADP	ATP	protons	neutrons	C
2,135	Mercury_7205905	At science conventions, scientists present their research, and members of the audience can discuss or ask questions about the research. The main value of these science conventions is that they allow scientists to	see new places.	find money for projects.	practice public speaking.	exchange their ideas.	D
2,136	NYSEDREGENTS_2016_4_25	When a boy stands in a field in the sunlight, he usually is able to see his	weight	temperature	reflection	shadow	D
2,137	MCAS_2007_8_5187	In the human body, which system functions primarily to defend the body against disease?	digestive	immune	nervous	respiratory	B
2,138	Mercury_7197383	The moon goes through phases as it revolves around Earth. During which phase of the moon would it be possible for a solar eclipse to occur?	new moon	full moon	waning	waxing	A
2,139	Mercury_7213133	Which of these is the most common result of greenhouse gases altering the atmosphere of Earth?	an increase in the air temperature	a decrease in the air density	an increase in the intensity of visible light	a decrease in the thickness of the ozone layer	A
2,140	Mercury_7099068	A student was taking notes while the teacher was discussing cells. Which of these is a statement that the teacher most likely made?	Most cells have the same shape.	The shape of a cell depends upon its function.	Cells that carry information are round and disk-shaped.	Blood cells that move through the body are long and thread-like.	B
2,141	Mercury_7228708	What goal does taxonomy accomplish?	explains the differences between living organisms	classifies living organisms into groups	predicts the types of undiscovered organisms	establishes relationships of organisms with their habitats	B
2,142	Mercury_184275	The fusion reaction that fuels the Sun converts hydrogen into	carbon.	iron.	neon.	helium.	D
2,143	NYSEDREGENTS_2011_8_10	The main function of hormones in the human body is to	identify and destroy microbes	regulate body functions	transport blood to cells	store energy	B
2,144	Mercury_7213010	Which gas, when condensed into its liquid state in the atmosphere, forms clouds?	methane	nitrogen	water vapor	carbon dioxide	C
2,145	Mercury_7016065	Fertilizers added by farmers to the soil contain high amounts of nitrates. How do fertilizers affect the nitrogen cycle?	More nitrates are available for plants to absorb.	More nitrates are available for animals to eat.	More nitrogen gas is released into the atmosphere.	More nitrogen is converted by bacteria into nitrates.	A
2,146	MCAS_8_2015_16	A scientist is comparing two body cells of a multicellular organism. Which of the following is most likely identical?	shape of cell walls	number of mitochondria	shape of cell membranes	number of chromosomes	D
2,147	NYSEDREGENTS_2011_8_25	Organisms that consume wastes to obtain the nutrients they need to survive are classified as	decomposers	herbivores	predators	producers	A
2,148	Mercury_SC_407700	In the 1600s, Galileo Galilei studied the moons of Jupiter. What did Galileo do to make better observations?	invented the microscope	wrote a book about the planets	created a model of the solar system	made improvements to the telescope	D
2,149	Mercury_7271460	Which of these provides the best evidence that Earth's crust is divided into tectonic plates?	the distribution of water on Earth's surface	the distribution of biomes on Earth's surface	the distribution of rock types on Earth's surface	the distribution of earthquakes on Earth's surface	D
2,150	Mercury_SC_401832	What causes the soil in a flood plain to be generally rich in nutrients?	constantly flowing water	many fish in the river	new soil deposited by the river	warm water from an ocean	C
2,151	Mercury_7057208	Which characteristic is common to all reptile species?	endothermic (warm-blooded)	slimy skin	ectothermic (cold-blooded)	hairy skin	C
2,152	MCAS_2007_8_5173	Scientists working for a company are testing a new medicine that they think will help heal damaged tissue. In which part of the company are the scientists working?	distribution	mass marketing	public relations	research	D
2,153	TIMSS_2007_4_pg39	Most of Earth's surface is covered by	sand	trees	water	mountains	C
2,154	Mercury_401863	The chemical equation below shows reactants and products. 6CO_{2} + 12H_{2}O + light + enzymes -> C_{6}H_{12}O_{6} + 6O_{2} + 6H_{2}O Which statement is best supported by analyzing this equation?	CO_{2} is made from the chemical reaction.	No new compounds are made from this reaction.	O_{2}, oxygen gas, is needed to make the reaction start.	The atoms rearrange in the chemical reaction so that C_{6}H_{12}O_{6}, glucose, is made.	D
2,155	AIMS_2008_8_10	In a desert environment, cactus wrens often build their nests in cholla cacti to avoid predators. This behavior does not hurt the cacti. Which type of relationship do cactus wrens and cholla cacti demonstrate?	competitive	commensalism	mutualism	parasitism	B
2,156	TAKS_2009_5_23	The Davis Mountains in West Texas used to be taller than they are now. Which of the following conditions most likely caused the mountains to become shorter over time?	Heat and pressure	Soil deposition	Rain and wind	River formation	C
2,157	Mercury_SC_401148	Photosynthesis is the process that converts carbon dioxide and water into	carbon and oxygen.	sugar and hydrogen.	sugar and oxygen.	nitrogen and carbon.	C
2,158	Mercury_7011060	Which statement best describes the organization of the Periodic Table of the Elements?	All gases are grouped together.	Gases easily form compounds with other elements.	Elements within a group have similar properties.	Elements within a period have the same number of electrons.	C
2,159	MCAS_2000_8_33	Signs in many stores and restaurants warn that microwaves are in use. What is the main reason for this warning?	Some people do not like food cooked in microwave ovens.	Microwaves sometimes affect people's sense of sight.	Microwaves sometimes cause hair or teeth to fall out.	Some people have pacemakers that may be affected by microwaves.	D
2,160	MEA_2016_8_4	A scientist studies the remains of two extinct animals to learn more about how they lived. She determines that one animal was a carnivore and the other was an herbivore. Which of the following did the scientist most likely compare to make this conclusion?	the number of bones in the animals	the size of the animals	the body covering of the animals	the skull of the animals	D
2,161	Mercury_7013423	Human actions can change the rate at which soil erodes. Which of the following would most likely slow the rate of soil erosion?	applying nitrogen-rich fertilizers	keeping grasses trimmed short	building houses on stilts	planting trees along cliffs	D
2,162	Mercury_SC_400991	Which ability is the most useful for making observations?	senses	memory	creativity	imagination	A
2,163	CSZ_2004_5_CSZ10110	Sterling silver is a combination of silver and copper. Which of the following is also a combination of two or more metals?	aluminum.	lead.	gold.	brass.	D
2,164	MCAS_2009_8_14	The cows in a rancher's herd of cattle have been selectively bred to produce milk. Which of the following will cause the next generation of cows to receive the trait for producing large quantities of milk?	nutrients in the cows' food	essential minerals in the cows' water	electrical impulses in the cows' brains	information in the cows' chromosomes	D
2,165	TIMSS_2011_4_pg70	What is the correct explanation for why we have day and night on Earth?	The Sun orbits around the Earth.	Earth orbits around the Sun.	Earth turns on its axis.	The Sun turns on its axis.	C
2,166	Mercury_7148645	The body maintains equilibrium through a series of messages called a feedback mechanism. What organ releases hormones that maintain balanced glucose levels?	liver	blood	fat cells	pancreas	D
2,167	MEAP_2005_8_6	Environmental organizations have asked businesses to take action to reduce waste. Which of the following changes could a business make in order to become more “environmentally friendly”?	Purchase only recycled paper and paper products.	When making photocopies, print on only one side of the paper.	Purchase wood products manufactured only in other countries.	When packing boxes, use Styrofoam™ filler instead of old newspapers.	A
2,168	Mercury_SC_401235	The sound heard when a piano key is hit is caused by	vibration.	refraction.	momentum.	acceleration.	A
2,169	MCAS_2016_8_12	Wolves kill many elk every year and often attack old, sick, and injured members of a herd. Which of the following best describes the role of the wolves in the wolf-elk relationship?	competitor	host	parasite	predator	D
2,170	CSZ_2008_5_CSZ10238	Which of the following is produced when sugar is digested in an animal cell?	carbon dioxide.	chlorophyll.	oxygen.	sunlight.	A
2,171	Mercury_404902	Which of these groups contains single-celled organisms?	birds	plants	fungus	animals	C
2,172	Mercury_7004515	Students studying rocks notice that in a particular location there are many igneous rocks that are very similar. This observation best supports which statement?	A nearby volcano is tall.	A nearby volcano is inactive.	A nearby volcano is about to erupt.	A nearby volcano had once been active.	D
2,173	CSZ_2008_5_CSZ20111	Shale is a sedimentary rock that can be metamorphosed into slate by	cementation.	chemical weathering.	sedimentation.	increased pressure.	D
2,174	Mercury_SC_416102	Plants need iron to grow. What parts of plants take in iron?	roots	flowers	stems	leaves	A
2,175	VASoL_2011_5_12	Which of the following is the best observation of the refraction of light?	Looking at oneself in a mirror	Looking at a shadow of an object	Viewing an object through an open window	Viewing an object partially in water	D
2,176	Mercury_7219835	A group of students investigated the effect of water temperature on the gill movements of goldfish. The students tested water temperatures from 20°C to 10°C at 2-degree intervals. The data showed that as water temperature decreased, the average number of gill movements per minute by the goldfish also decreased. Which type of display is BEST used to show this relationship?	a bar graph	a pie chart	a line graph	a tally chart	A
2,177	Mercury_7283448	The directions for making a protein	result in DNA.	are carried by DNA.	result in amino acids.	are carried by amino acids.	B
2,178	LEAP_2003_8_10392	Denise was driving east over a hill in the afternoon, shortly after a rain shower. Suddenly the sun broke through the clouds, and she saw a rainbow ahead of her. Which of the following made the rainbow possible?	Sunlight can be separated into all the colors of the rainbow.	Water reflects sunlight like a mirror to make it look colored.	Overhead black clouds reflect in puddles to cause a mirage.	Air pollution causes the sky to look colored under these conditions.	A
2,179	TAKS_2009_8_33	Rhea is a moon of Saturn. Which of these facts about Rhea best indicates that it does not have a water cycle in which water changes state?	Its radius is 765 km.	Its density is about 1.3 kg/m3.	Its period of rotation is about 4.5 Earth days.	Its temperature is between -174°C and -220°C.	D
2,180	NYSEDREGENTS_2004_8_40	Which two factors determine the gravitational attraction between two objects?	time and temperature	shape and orbital speed	color and hardness	mass and distance apart	D

2,081

Mercury_SC_415027

How are droughts always different from floods?

They have different locations.

They happen in different ecosystems.

They have different amounts of water.

They happen at different times of the year.

C

2,082

CSZ_2007_5_CSZ10243

Which of the following is a harmful waste material that leaves the blood and travels through the lungs before leaving the body?

CO2.

O2.

H2O.

NaCl.

A

2,083

VASoL_2009_3_9

How are a tree and grass alike?

Both make wood.

Both have roots.

Both need moonlight.

Both have short lives.

B

2,084

Mercury_7064120

What organ system in the human body contains the pituitary gland, hypothalamus gland, and thyroid gland?

reproductive system

excretory system

endocrine system

circulatory system

C

2,085

NYSEDREGENTS_2007_8_9

Which term describes an organism's ability to maintain a stable internal environment?

reproduction

extinction

locomotion

regulation

D

2,086

TIMSS_2011_8_pg14

Which of the following can provide the human body with long-term immunity against some diseases?

antibiotics

vitamins

vaccines

red blood cells

C

2,087

Mercury_7219363

Which event is most likely to increase the genetic variation in a population of organisms?

improved hunting techniques

greater environmental stress

increased immigration

introduced predators

C

2,088

Mercury_SC_415472

Where would animals and plants be most affected by a flood?

low areas

high areas

warm areas

cold areas

A

2,089

Mercury_7234238

Which seismic wave phenomenon, found at structural boundaries, allows scientists to interpret the interior structure of Earth?

refraction of waves

generation of new waves

transformation of transverse waves into longitudinal waves

transformation of mechanical waves into electromagnetic waves

A

2,090

Mercury_SC_401261

When ice melts, it becomes a

gas.

solid.

liquid.

plasma.

C

2,091

Mercury_415544

Which combination of letters could be used as a chemical symbol for an element?

BR

Chl

Dy

FeO

C

2,092

Mercury_7213098

How is the stratosphere different from the troposphere?

The clouds in the stratosphere produce more rain.

The air in the stratosphere has a greater density.

The composition of the stratosphere lacks ozone.

The temperature of the stratosphere warms at higher altitude.

D

2,093

Mercury_7030048

If a student gets a chemical splashed into an eye, what is the most appropriate first action to be taken?

wipe it with a paper towel

call 911 for emergency services

have someone go get the school nurse

flush the eye with water at an eyewash station

D

2,094

MCAS_2007_8_5190

Which of the following best describes an advantage of using a mass production manufacturing system instead of a custom manufacturing system?

Customers can provide specific feedback to workers.

Workers become skilled in all aspects of assembly.

Goods can be easily modified for customers.

Products can be made at a lower cost.

D

2,095

Mercury_SC_400053

Which adaptation allows a walrus to stay warm in cold water?

reddish coat

bristly mustache

wrinkled skin

thick layer of blubber

D

2,096

Mercury_7024150

Ninety-nine percent of the mass of an atom is located in

the outermost energy level.

the first energy level.

the electron clouds.

the nucleus.

D

2,097

Mercury_7085593

Which of the following is a common renewable resource found in deserts?

biodiesel

uranium

natural gas

solar energy

D

2,098

NYSEDREGENTS_2004_8_17

Beaver dams can cause floods. This statement shows how

animal growth is affected by environmental conditions

animal behavior may affect the environment

an animal's health depends on its environment

an animal's development depends on its environment

B

2,099

Mercury_7004970

A scientist crosses a red-flowered plant with a white-flowered plant, and all offspring have red flowers. What will most likely result if these red-flowered offspring are crossed with white-flowered plants?

All of the offspring will have red flowers.

All of the offspring will have white flowers.

The offspring will have either red or white flowers.

The offspring will have neither red nor white flowers.

C

2,100

MEA_2016_8_11

Genetically modified plants with new characteristics have been produced through genetic engineering methods. What impacts have resulted from the use of genetically modified plants?

decreases in farm production

decreases in corn, soybean, cottonseed, and canola oils

increases in time required to plant, grow, and harvest crops

increases in resistance to herbicides, insects, and viral diseases

D

2,101

NCEOGA_2013_8_33

Which best explains the importance of nitrogen in the cycling of energy and matter?

Nitrogen increases protein production in plants.

Nitrogen decreases protein production in plants.

Nitrogen decreases the effectiveness of photosynthesis.

Nitrogen increases the effectiveness of photosynthesis.

A

2,102

TAKS_2009_5_38

Which of these mixtures would be easiest to separate?

Fruit salad

Powdered lemonade

Hot chocolate

Instant pudding

A

2,103

NAEP_2000_4_S12+1

If you wanted to be able to look at the stars, the planets, and the Moon more closely, what should you use?

Telescope

Periscope

Microscope

Magnifying glass

A

2,104

Mercury_SC_LBS10584

Which of the following is a correct food chain?

human -> corn -> cow

corn -> human -> cow

corn -> cow -> human

cow -> human -> corn

C

2,105

Mercury_7086188

Which of these is directly formed as a result of weathering and erosion?

crystals

sediments

igneous rocks

metamorphic rocks

B

2,106

TIMSS_2003_8_pg10

Most underground caves are formed by the action of water on

granite

limestone

sandstone

shale

B

2,107

Mercury_7175315

A group of students is taking a hike along a stream channel. One student picks up a rock from the stream and notices that the rock is very smooth and round. Which type of weathering most likely shaped the rock?

abrasion

exfoliation

fracturing

oxidation

A

2,108

MCAS_2008_5_5614

Which of the following is most likely to make a rock crack and crumble?

dew evaporating on the rock

leaves decaying on the rock

snow melting in a crack in the rock

water freezing in a crack in the rock

D

2,109

Mercury_7128678

Which is the most likely reason why scientific theories change?

public opinions change

retiring scientists are replaced

more money is spent on science

scientists make new observations

D

2,110

NYSEDREGENTS_2007_8_8

A plant produces tiny plants around the edges of its leaves. When these tiny plants fall to the ground, they take root and become new plants. This process is an example of

sexual reproduction

asexual reproduction

evolution

extinction

B

2,111

MCAS_2001_5_7

A function of a plant's roots is to

protect the plant.

absorb water and minerals.

remove waste products.

take in food for the plant.

B

2,112

Mercury_7206115

In order for sediments to become rock, the sediments are generally

mixed with organic material.

returned to their origins.

compacted.

liquefied.

C

2,113

MCAS_2008_8_5698

When bedrock in Massachusetts is examined, it often appears scraped and polished. Which of the following most likely caused the bedrock to appear scraped and polished?

crustal deformation

frequent earthquakes

glacial movement

volcanic eruptions

C

2,114

Mercury_7012723

Endothermic reactions are reactions that require more energy to start than they give off in the products. Which statement describes an endothermic reaction?

It gives off heat energy and is hot to the touch.

It absorbs heat energy and is cold to the touch.

It gives off light energy and produces visible light.

It gives off water and is wet to the touch.

B

2,115

Mercury_SC_LBS10824

Which pair of English and metric units has most nearly the same value?

liter and quart

gram and ounce

kilogram and pound

kilometer and mile

A

2,116

Mercury_7140455

Students are studying the classifications of stars and they learned that the majority of stars are similar to the Sun. What can the students conclude knowing that most of the stars in the galaxy are like the Sun?

Most of the stars will become black holes.

Most of the stars are main sequence stars.

Most of the stars are protostars.

Most of the stars are red giants.

B

2,117

MEA_2014_8_1

Mosquitoes have adapted to detect carbon dioxide using certain sensory nerves. Mosquitoes instinctually move toward greater concentrations of carbon dioxide. What is the importance of this adaptation?

It helps mosquitoes find food.

It helps mosquitoes find mates.

It helps mosquitoes find clean air.

It helps mosquitoes find shelter.

A

2,118

NYSEDREGENTS_2009_4_5

Which unit can be used to describe an object's length?

grams

minutes

liters

meters

D

2,119

Mercury_7172130

Meteorologists categorize hurricanes based on the Saffir-Simpson scale. The scale measures the intensity and destructive potential of hurricanes. Which factor has the most significant effect on the strength of a hurricane?

the initial speed of a hurricane

the direction that the hurricane rotates

the number of hurricanes that form in a year

the temperature of the water below the hurricane

D

2,120

Mercury_7074935

Multicellular organisms grow in size by producing more

cells.

organs.

heart muscle.

chlorophyll.

A

2,121

Mercury_7268730

Which a molecular process found only in retroviruses?

reverse translation

translation

reverse transcription

transcription

C

2,122

Mercury_SC_406726

A group of students are observing a fish tank for a school assignment. The group is to share the observations with the class. Which statement about observations is true?

Observations should always be recorded.

Observations should be collected only once.

Observations are only collected by scientists.

Observations are always correct if used in a chart.

A

2,123

Mercury_410711

Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO_{3}) is commonly known as baking soda. Sodium bicarbonate is a white solid that can dissolve in water. Under the proper conditions, sodium bicarbonate can release carbon dioxide (CO_{2}) gas. Which of the following is not a physical property of sodium bicarbonate?

It is white.

It is a solid.

It can dissolve in water.

It releases carbon dioxide.

D

2,124

Mercury_178903

To help it survive, an organism has a capsule, endospore, and pili. To which group does this organism belong?

bacteria

mollusk

insect

reptile

A

2,125

Mercury_184310

What advantage is gained by using radio telescopes as opposed to optical telescopes?

viewed images are clearer

operation is less complex

ability to see through clouds and dust

ability to take up less space

C

2,126

Mercury_179183

The process by which organisms with favorable variations reproduce at higher rates than those without such variations is

disruptive selection.

natural selection.

sexual selection.

directional selection.

B

2,127

NYSEDREGENTS_2006_8_28

Competition is most likely to occur between which two organisms?

deer and butterflies

owls and bacteria

goldfish and rabbits

grass and strawberry plants

D

2,128

Mercury_SC_406660

Some animals, such as squirrels, may bury acorns. Which of the following is most likely to happen to the acorns after they have been buried?

The acorns will be carried away by the wind.

The acorns will attach to another organism.

The acorns will have a chance to sprout.

The acorns will turn into fossils.

C

2,129

CSZ_2004_5_CSZ10403

Why are most fossils found in sedimentary rocks?

Sedimentary rocks are not very old.

Organisms live only in areas with sedimentary rock.

Organisms can be preserved in sedimentary rock.

Sedimentary rocks are found only at the surface of the ground.

C

2,130

NYSEDREGENTS_2005_8_14

Which model is used by scientists to determine the properties of elements?

a Punnett square

the Periodic Table

a pedigree chart

the rock cycle

B

2,131

Mercury_7267768

Life is more likely to be found on a planet whose atmosphere contains abundant

neon.

oxygen.

hydrogen.

sulfur dioxide.

B

2,132

MCAS_2009_5_6515

Approximately how long does Earth take to complete its orbit around the Sun?

one day

one month

one year

one century

C

2,133

Mercury_7214900

A student describes a substance as lacking a definite shape. The description also states that the particles of matter are close to each other but still able to flow past each other. Which type of substance is the student most likely describing?

solid

liquid

mixture

compound

B

2,134

Mercury_7239663

Electron transport in mitochondria results in a chemiosmotic gradient of which particle across the mitochondrial membrane?

ADP

ATP

protons

neutrons

C

2,135

Mercury_7205905

At science conventions, scientists present their research, and members of the audience can discuss or ask questions about the research. The main value of these science conventions is that they allow scientists to

see new places.

find money for projects.

practice public speaking.

exchange their ideas.

D

2,136

NYSEDREGENTS_2016_4_25

When a boy stands in a field in the sunlight, he usually is able to see his

weight

temperature

reflection

shadow

D

2,137

MCAS_2007_8_5187

In the human body, which system functions primarily to defend the body against disease?

digestive

immune

nervous

respiratory

B

2,138

Mercury_7197383

The moon goes through phases as it revolves around Earth. During which phase of the moon would it be possible for a solar eclipse to occur?

new moon

full moon

waning

waxing

A

2,139

Mercury_7213133

Which of these is the most common result of greenhouse gases altering the atmosphere of Earth?

an increase in the air temperature

a decrease in the air density

an increase in the intensity of visible light

a decrease in the thickness of the ozone layer

A

2,140

Mercury_7099068

A student was taking notes while the teacher was discussing cells. Which of these is a statement that the teacher most likely made?

Most cells have the same shape.

The shape of a cell depends upon its function.

Cells that carry information are round and disk-shaped.

Blood cells that move through the body are long and thread-like.

B

2,141

Mercury_7228708

What goal does taxonomy accomplish?

explains the differences between living organisms

classifies living organisms into groups

predicts the types of undiscovered organisms

establishes relationships of organisms with their habitats

B

2,142

Mercury_184275

The fusion reaction that fuels the Sun converts hydrogen into

carbon.

iron.

neon.

helium.

D

2,143

NYSEDREGENTS_2011_8_10

The main function of hormones in the human body is to

identify and destroy microbes

regulate body functions

transport blood to cells

store energy

B

2,144

Mercury_7213010

Which gas, when condensed into its liquid state in the atmosphere, forms clouds?

methane

nitrogen

water vapor

carbon dioxide

C

2,145

Mercury_7016065

Fertilizers added by farmers to the soil contain high amounts of nitrates. How do fertilizers affect the nitrogen cycle?

More nitrates are available for plants to absorb.

More nitrates are available for animals to eat.

More nitrogen gas is released into the atmosphere.

More nitrogen is converted by bacteria into nitrates.

A

2,146

MCAS_8_2015_16

A scientist is comparing two body cells of a multicellular organism. Which of the following is most likely identical?

shape of cell walls

number of mitochondria

shape of cell membranes

number of chromosomes

D

2,147

NYSEDREGENTS_2011_8_25

Organisms that consume wastes to obtain the nutrients they need to survive are classified as

decomposers

herbivores

predators

producers

A

2,148

Mercury_SC_407700

In the 1600s, Galileo Galilei studied the moons of Jupiter. What did Galileo do to make better observations?

invented the microscope

wrote a book about the planets

created a model of the solar system

made improvements to the telescope

D

2,149

Mercury_7271460

Which of these provides the best evidence that Earth's crust is divided into tectonic plates?

the distribution of water on Earth's surface

the distribution of biomes on Earth's surface

the distribution of rock types on Earth's surface

the distribution of earthquakes on Earth's surface

D

2,150

Mercury_SC_401832

What causes the soil in a flood plain to be generally rich in nutrients?

constantly flowing water

many fish in the river

new soil deposited by the river

warm water from an ocean

C

2,151

Mercury_7057208

Which characteristic is common to all reptile species?

endothermic (warm-blooded)

slimy skin

ectothermic (cold-blooded)

hairy skin

C

2,152

MCAS_2007_8_5173

Scientists working for a company are testing a new medicine that they think will help heal damaged tissue. In which part of the company are the scientists working?

distribution

mass marketing

public relations

research

D

2,153

TIMSS_2007_4_pg39

Most of Earth's surface is covered by

sand

trees

water

mountains

C

2,154

Mercury_401863

The chemical equation below shows reactants and products. 6CO_{2} + 12H_{2}O + light + enzymes -> C_{6}H_{12}O_{6} + 6O_{2} + 6H_{2}O Which statement is best supported by analyzing this equation?

CO_{2} is made from the chemical reaction.

No new compounds are made from this reaction.

O_{2}, oxygen gas, is needed to make the reaction start.

The atoms rearrange in the chemical reaction so that C_{6}H_{12}O_{6}, glucose, is made.

D

2,155

AIMS_2008_8_10

In a desert environment, cactus wrens often build their nests in cholla cacti to avoid predators. This behavior does not hurt the cacti. Which type of relationship do cactus wrens and cholla cacti demonstrate?

competitive

commensalism

mutualism

parasitism

B

2,156

TAKS_2009_5_23

The Davis Mountains in West Texas used to be taller than they are now. Which of the following conditions most likely caused the mountains to become shorter over time?

Heat and pressure

Soil deposition

Rain and wind

River formation

C

2,157

Mercury_SC_401148

Photosynthesis is the process that converts carbon dioxide and water into

carbon and oxygen.

sugar and hydrogen.

sugar and oxygen.

nitrogen and carbon.

C

2,158

Mercury_7011060

Which statement best describes the organization of the Periodic Table of the Elements?

All gases are grouped together.

Gases easily form compounds with other elements.

Elements within a group have similar properties.

Elements within a period have the same number of electrons.

C

2,159

MCAS_2000_8_33

Signs in many stores and restaurants warn that microwaves are in use. What is the main reason for this warning?

Some people do not like food cooked in microwave ovens.

Microwaves sometimes affect people's sense of sight.

Microwaves sometimes cause hair or teeth to fall out.

Some people have pacemakers that may be affected by microwaves.

D

2,160

MEA_2016_8_4

A scientist studies the remains of two extinct animals to learn more about how they lived. She determines that one animal was a carnivore and the other was an herbivore. Which of the following did the scientist most likely compare to make this conclusion?

the number of bones in the animals

the size of the animals

the body covering of the animals

the skull of the animals

D

2,161

Mercury_7013423

Human actions can change the rate at which soil erodes. Which of the following would most likely slow the rate of soil erosion?

applying nitrogen-rich fertilizers

keeping grasses trimmed short

building houses on stilts

planting trees along cliffs

D

2,162

Mercury_SC_400991

Which ability is the most useful for making observations?

senses

memory

creativity

imagination

A

2,163

CSZ_2004_5_CSZ10110

Sterling silver is a combination of silver and copper. Which of the following is also a combination of two or more metals?

aluminum.

lead.

gold.

brass.

D

2,164

MCAS_2009_8_14

The cows in a rancher's herd of cattle have been selectively bred to produce milk. Which of the following will cause the next generation of cows to receive the trait for producing large quantities of milk?

nutrients in the cows' food

essential minerals in the cows' water

electrical impulses in the cows' brains

information in the cows' chromosomes

D

2,165

TIMSS_2011_4_pg70

What is the correct explanation for why we have day and night on Earth?

The Sun orbits around the Earth.

Earth orbits around the Sun.

Earth turns on its axis.

The Sun turns on its axis.

C

2,166

Mercury_7148645

The body maintains equilibrium through a series of messages called a feedback mechanism. What organ releases hormones that maintain balanced glucose levels?

liver

blood

fat cells

pancreas

D

2,167

MEAP_2005_8_6

Environmental organizations have asked businesses to take action to reduce waste. Which of the following changes could a business make in order to become more “environmentally friendly”?

Purchase only recycled paper and paper products.

When making photocopies, print on only one side of the paper.

Purchase wood products manufactured only in other countries.

When packing boxes, use Styrofoam™ filler instead of old newspapers.

A

2,168

Mercury_SC_401235

The sound heard when a piano key is hit is caused by

vibration.

refraction.

momentum.

acceleration.

A

2,169

MCAS_2016_8_12

Wolves kill many elk every year and often attack old, sick, and injured members of a herd. Which of the following best describes the role of the wolves in the wolf-elk relationship?

competitor

host

parasite

predator

D

2,170

CSZ_2008_5_CSZ10238

Which of the following is produced when sugar is digested in an animal cell?

carbon dioxide.

chlorophyll.

oxygen.

sunlight.

A

2,171

Mercury_404902

Which of these groups contains single-celled organisms?

birds

plants

fungus

animals

C

2,172

Mercury_7004515

Students studying rocks notice that in a particular location there are many igneous rocks that are very similar. This observation best supports which statement?

A nearby volcano is tall.

A nearby volcano is inactive.

A nearby volcano is about to erupt.

A nearby volcano had once been active.

D

2,173

CSZ_2008_5_CSZ20111

Shale is a sedimentary rock that can be metamorphosed into slate by

cementation.

chemical weathering.

sedimentation.

increased pressure.

D

2,174

Mercury_SC_416102

Plants need iron to grow. What parts of plants take in iron?

roots

flowers

stems

leaves

A

2,175

VASoL_2011_5_12

Which of the following is the best observation of the refraction of light?

Looking at oneself in a mirror

Looking at a shadow of an object

Viewing an object through an open window

Viewing an object partially in water

D

2,176

Mercury_7219835

A group of students investigated the effect of water temperature on the gill movements of goldfish. The students tested water temperatures from 20°C to 10°C at 2-degree intervals. The data showed that as water temperature decreased, the average number of gill movements per minute by the goldfish also decreased. Which type of display is BEST used to show this relationship?

a bar graph

a pie chart

a line graph

a tally chart

A

2,177

Mercury_7283448

The directions for making a protein

result in DNA.

are carried by DNA.

result in amino acids.

are carried by amino acids.

B

2,178

LEAP_2003_8_10392

Denise was driving east over a hill in the afternoon, shortly after a rain shower. Suddenly the sun broke through the clouds, and she saw a rainbow ahead of her. Which of the following made the rainbow possible?

Sunlight can be separated into all the colors of the rainbow.

Water reflects sunlight like a mirror to make it look colored.

Overhead black clouds reflect in puddles to cause a mirage.

Air pollution causes the sky to look colored under these conditions.

A

2,179

TAKS_2009_8_33

Rhea is a moon of Saturn. Which of these facts about Rhea best indicates that it does not have a water cycle in which water changes state?

Its radius is 765 km.

Its density is about 1.3 kg/m3.

Its period of rotation is about 4.5 Earth days.

Its temperature is between -174°C and -220°C.

D

2,180

NYSEDREGENTS_2004_8_40

Which two factors determine the gravitational attraction between two objects?

time and temperature

shape and orbital speed

color and hardness

mass and distance apart

D