dpquoc/ARC · Datasets at Hugging Face

Unnamed: 0 int64 0 2.25k	id stringlengths 8 22	question stringlengths 17 683	A stringlengths 1 147	B stringlengths 1 134	C stringlengths 1 153	D stringlengths 1 129 ⌀	answer stringclasses 5 values
1,981	Mercury_SC_LBS10470	Which of the following helps the body to cool down?	shivering	sweating	running a fever	taking deep breaths	B
1,982	TAKS_2009_5_2	The brown fur of the arctic hare turns white in winter. How does this color change most likely help the arctic hare?	It helps the animal save water.	It helps the animal hide from predators.	It helps keep the animal cool.	It helps protect the animal from disease.	B
1,983	TAKS_2009_8_31	A group of students found metamorphic rocks near a campsite. The presence of metamorphic rocks is most likely evidence of	dinosaur activity	sediment deposition	high pressure	wind-borne sand	C
1,984	Mercury_SC_LBS10790	As water vapor condenses into liquid, which of the following can be formed?	ice	steam	frost	clouds	D
1,985	Mercury_7218313	Which of these particles, when found in soil, contributes most to the water retention in soil?	gravel	sand	silt	clay	D
1,986	CSZ30457	Which of the following forms of energy is released or absorbed in most chemical reactions?	light energy	electrical energy	sound energy	heat energy	D
1,987	Mercury_7207515	Which of these must occur for sediments to form new rock?	precipitation	evaporation	partial melting	recrystallization	D
1,988	Mercury_187145	A student wants to find the most accurate account of a scientific discovery that took place within the past three months. In which of these sources should the student look?	newspapers	magazines	science textbooks	science journals	D
1,989	Mercury_SC_407394	What is taken in by the leaves of a tree so it can make its own food?	oxygen	sugar	sunlight	water	C
1,990	Mercury_7098140	Radio signal interruption sometimes causes a humming or buzzing sound. These sounds are most likely caused by	balanced forces.	longitudinal waves.	gravitational forces.	electromagnetic waves.	D
1,991	Mercury_7038553	Students planned an investigation that included adding a quantity of vinegar to a small amount of baking soda. Which is the best tool to measure the volume of the liquid vinegar used in the investigation?	pan balance	spring scale	meter stick	graduated cylinder	D
1,992	Mercury_7136798	Garrett collected some large rocks from a stream near his home. He measured the rocks on a balance. When he records the mass of the rocks, which units should Garrett use?	pounds	kilograms	fluid ounces	cubic centimeters	B
1,993	Mercury_401437	Which of the statements is the most accurate in describing the chemical equation shown below? 2H_{2}(g) + O_{2}(g) -> 2H_{2}O(g) + energy	A solid is produced.	Energy is released.	Energy is absorbed.	Equal numbers of molecules are on both sides of the arrow.	B
1,994	MDSA_2007_4_31	A female dog is having puppies. She has black fur, brown eyes, and a curly tail. She can sit, bark, and roll over on command. Which set of traits can the female dog's puppies inherit?	brown eyes, black fur	fur, roll over on command	brown eyes, sit on command	bark on command, curly tail	A
1,995	MDSA_2007_5_21	Scientists estimate that Maryland contains more than 850 million tons of coal. Coal is most commonly used to produce ___.	electricity	medicine	metals	water	A
1,996	Mercury_7108938	Large populations of tortoises inhabited the Galapagos Islands before humans. When humans settled on the islands and introduced goats, the number of tortoise declined. What is most likely the explanation for the decrease in the tortoise population?	Goats consume tortoise hatchlings.	Goats pollute water sources.	Goats compete with tortoises for vegetation.	Goats contribute to soil erosion.	C
1,997	Mercury_SC_LBS10587	Hereditary information is transmitted from parents to offspring through	cell division.	genes.	germination.	metamorphosis.	B
1,998	ACTAAP_2007_7_21	Which device converts kinetic energy into electrical energy?	calculator	generator	electric motor	electromagnet	B
1,999	Mercury_400159	Which behavior is a learned behavior?	eating with a fork	shivering when it is cold	squinting your eyes in bright light	developing a fever when you are sick	A
2,000	Mercury_7010010	The distance between the Sun and the next closest star, Proxima Centauri, is most accurately measured in	magnitudes.	light years.	perigees.	red shifts.	B
2,001	Mercury_7007578	Which of these uses sound waves to locate underwater objects?	radar	sonar	telescope	microscope	B
2,002	Mercury_7138618	Paleontologists are scientists who study evidence of past life on Earth. Which method do paleontologists most likely use to determine the forms of life that existed millions of years ago?	examine current species of plants and animals	research past species in the library	interview older scientists	examine fossils records	D
2,003	ACTAAP_2014_5_16	The temperature in a hot star is high enough to pull electrons away from atoms. What state of matter results from this process?	gas	solid	liquid	plasma	D
2,004	Mercury_7210928	Which resource, abundant in Nevada, is nonrenewable?	copper	wind	sunlight	wood	A
2,005	NYSEDREGENTS_2004_4_20	A student reaches one hand into a bag filled with smooth objects. The student feels the objects but does not look into the bag. Which property of the objects can the student most likely identify?	shape	color	ability to reflect light	ability to conduct electricity	A
2,006	Mercury_7005460	An abiotic factor that most influences the organisms living in a salt marsh is	fish.	water.	predators.	grasses.	B
2,007	TIMSS_1995_8_M13	When oil is burning, the reaction will	only release energy	only absorb energy	neither absorb nor release energy	sometimes release and sometimes absorb energy depending on the oil	A
2,008	NYSEDREGENTS_2004_4_27	Fourth graders are planning a roller-skate race. Which surface would be the best for this race?	gravel	sand	blacktop	grass	C
2,009	Mercury_SC_LBS10477	Protein is used by the human body to	build strong bones.	absorb vitamins.	repair cells.	provide fiber.	C
2,010	AKDE&ED_2008_4_5	Changes in the weather are important to people living in Alaska. Which two tools best help scientists to share information about weather?	radio and computer	clock and notebook	television and hand lens	microscope and telephone	A
2,011	NYSEDREGENTS_2011_8_24	Which outcome is most likely if a person consumes more Calories than needed for daily activities?	weight loss	weight gain	deficiency disease	infectious disease	B
2,012	Mercury_SC_402250	In a mixture, a magnet is used to separate some particles from sand. The dark particles are most likely made of which element?	sodium	iron	sulfur	copper	B
2,013	NYSEDREGENTS_2016_4_24	A student tosses a ball into the air. Which force causes the ball to fall back to the ground?	gravity	magnetism	mechanical	friction	A
2,014	NYSEDREGENTS_2009_8_11	The gravitational force between two objects depends on the distance between the objects and each object's	mass	volume	pressure	temperature	A
2,015	Mercury_7111720	Scientists who have studied global climate changes have found that the average temperature of Earth has risen. There has also been an increase in the accumulation of atmospheric greenhouse gases. What is the goal of the scientific community in collecting this type of data?	to understand how greenhouse gases are related to global warming	to decrease the temperature using fossil fuels	to change public attitude on using natural resources	to increase the amount of ice in the Arctic	A
2,016	Mercury_7214935	Paper chromatography is a process used to separate mixtures of substances into their components. The components are carried by a mobile phase through a stationary phase made of absorbent paper. An investigation analyzed a sample of black ink to determine its components.Which property allows the components to separate?	the solubility of the components in the mobile phase	the evaporation rate of the components at a certain temperature	the magnetic property of the components	the thickness of the paper used as the stationary phase	A
2,017	Mercury_SC_401206	In one area, a large source of prey for eagles is rabbits. If the number of rabbits suddenly decreases, what effect will it most likely have on the eagles?	Their numbers will increase.	Their numbers will decrease.	They will adapt new behaviors.	They will migrate to new locations.	B
2,018	NYSEDREGENTS_2007_8_32	Moving water in a river is considered a renewable resource because it	carries dissolved oxygen	easily erodes sediments	is made of natural gas	can be recycled by nature over time	D
2,019	Mercury_7177695	When studying planetary data, Jackie found some similarities and differences among the planets that make up the solar system. Which generalization is true about the orbits of the major planets in the solar system?	Planetary orbits have the same plane.	Planetary orbits are mostly elliptical in shape.	Planets orbit at the same speed around the Sun.	Planets orbit in different directions around the Sun.	B
2,020	Mercury_7182263	When nitrogen-rich runoff from farms enters a nearby farm, it causes abundant growth of algal mat on the pond surface. As a result, underwater plants in the pond begin to die. Identify the limiting factor that is most responsible for causing the underwater plants to die.	oxygen	sunlight	nitrogen	carbon dioxide	B
2,021	Mercury_7008365	What is the main source of energy for the water cycle?	the Sun	fossil fuels	clouds	the ocean	A
2,022	TIMSS_2007_8_pg127	Which of the following properties of a substance is conserved during thermal expansion?	mass	volume	shape	distance between particles	A
2,023	Mercury_7228778	Trees use narrow tubes to transport water upward. Which property of water allows the water to rise in these narrow tubes?	high vapor pressure	high boiling point	cohesion of molecules	net charge of molecules	C
2,024	TIMSS_2003_4_pg24	Which pair together could cause a rainbow?	Fog and clouds	Rain and snow	Clouds and ice	Sunshine and rain	D
2,025	Mercury_7008925	The property of matter that resists changes in motion is called	inertia.	friction.	gravity.	weight.	A
2,026	Mercury_417120	Monarch butterflies use milkweed plants during all of their life stages. Milkweed plants grow in open areas, such as grasslands and wetlands. They also often grow between row crops. Given this information, which of these biotechnologies would pose the greatest threat to monarch butterflies?	development of new antibiotics	development of new herbicides	development of disease-resistant crops	development of insect-resistant crops	B
2,027	NYSEDREGENTS_2006_8_25	In the past, Native American Indians buried dead fish along with corn seeds. This technique was used because the decomposing dead fish would	provide nutrients for the growing corn plant	eliminate the need for weeding around the corn plant	release oxygen for use by the corn plant	supply all the water needed by the corn plant	A
2,028	Mercury_7057943	Earth is composed of layers of material with different properties. Which of the following is most likely to be in constant motion?	core	mantle	oceanic crust	continental crust	B
2,029	Mercury_7234553	Which mechanism helps carbon to cycle from the atmosphere to living organisms?	tissue decomposition	cellular respiration	photosynthesis	transpiration	C
2,030	Mercury_7283815	A city has an outbreak of a disease that affects an unusually large portion of its population at the same time. Which term best describes the outbreak?	pandemic	plague	epidemic	infection	C
2,031	Mercury_7210718	In which structure is the Sun located?	Milky Way Galaxy	Andromeda Galaxy	Cat's Eye Nebula	Horseshoe Nebula	A
2,032	Mercury_405870	Removing waste from the body is the primary function of which body system?	excretory	nervous	circulatory	skeletal	A
2,033	Mercury_7014315	Which discovery revealed that the universe contains many structures composed of millions of stars?	novas	galaxies	black holes	solar systems	B
2,034	Mercury_SC_400341	If a tall tree falls over in a crowded forest, which resource becomes available to the surrounding plants?	air	soil	water	sunlight	D
2,035	Mercury_404099	What best describes the mantle of Earth?	a thin layer that is located on the surface	a solid layer made of iron and nickel	the largest layer between the crust and outer core	the smallest layer that is made up of molten rock	C
2,036	Mercury_7168368	When Javier exercises, his muscle cells need more oxygen. Which would help Javier's muscle cells receive more oxygen?	decreasing his respiration rate	increasing his perspiration rate	increasing the rate his heart beats	decreasing the rate his blood flow	C
2,037	Mercury_7176138	Which process has most likely occurred when new traits appear in a species?	selective breeding	genetic mutation	crossbreeding	cloning	B
2,038	Mercury_7216143	A patient visits the doctor for a checkup and is diagnosed with skin cancer. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this disease?	poor eating and sleeping habits	exposure to ultraviolet rays	a defect in the person's immune system	working with plants and animals	B
2,039	MCAS_2007_5_4799	Which of the following forms of energy can travel by vibrating particles of air?	electrical	light	magnetic	sound	D
2,040	Mercury_SC_405148	A chef uses a metal spoon to stir noodles cooking in a pan. After five minutes, she notices that the thermal energy from the pan has made the spoon	cold.	hot.	wet.	dry.	B
2,041	NCEOGA_2013_5_55	Which will most likely cause a decrease in predator populations?	an increase in prey populations	a decrease in prey populations	a decrease in decomposers	an increase in producers	B
2,042	ACTAAP_2014_5_10	A robin catches and eats a cricket. Which statement best describes the roles of each animal?	The robin is the prey and the cricket is the predator.	The robin is the predator and the cricket is the prey.	The robin is the consumer and the cricket is the producer.	The robin is the producer and the cricket is the consumer.	B
2,043	Mercury_7175840	Hookworms live inside the intestines of dogs. As the dog eats, the hookworms consume partially digested food. As a result of this nutrient diversion, the dog can become malnourished and weakened. Which best describes the relationship between the hookworms and the dog?	a parasitic relationship	a mutualistic relationship	a predator-prey relationship	a producer-consumer relationship	A
2,044	Mercury_SC_400528	The prairie grass ecosystem once had a deep layer of topsoil which was protected by the grasses that covered it. Removal of these grasses for farmland is causing the soil to be eroded mainly by	wind and rain.	animal movement.	crops grown in the soil.	increased temperatures.	A
2,045	Mercury_7040915	When the Northern Hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun, what season is occurring in Australia?	fall	winter	spring	summer	B
2,046	Mercury_7083720	Light waves are arranged in the electromagnetic spectrum by	wavelength and brightness.	speed and color.	brightness and color.	wavelength and frequency.	D
2,047	Mercury_7083475	In order to distinguish fact from opinion, conclusions in experiments should be	recorded on a computer.	presented in bar graphs.	based on verifiable data.	organized in a table.	C
2,048	VASoL_2011_5_26	Pumice is formed when lava from a volcano cools. Which rock type is pumice?	Gaseous rock	Igneous rock	Sedimentary rock	Metamorphic rock	B
2,049	Mercury_7137288	The principle of uniformitarianism states that most of the landscape of Earth was formed slowly and over a long period of time. Which occurrence of Earth is least supported by this principle?	soil development	volcanic eruption	plate movement	fossil formation	B
2,050	Mercury_7215495	Selective breeding has resulted in plants that are resistant to pests and produce a higher yield of fruits and vegetables. Which of these is the most likely disadvantage that can result from this process?	decreased genetic diversity	habitat destruction	overpopulation	increased erosion	A
2,051	NYSEDREGENTS_2009_4_12	A student measured the volume of water in a pan. The student boiled the water for thirty minutes and then measured the volume of the water again. The volume of water most likely	decreased	increased	remained the same	null	A
2,052	MEA_2013_8_11	Lori owns a house next to the lake. She uses lots of fertilizer to keep her lawn green. Which impact could fertilizing her lawn have on the lake?	an increase in the algae population	an increase in the fish population	an increase in the mosquito population	an increase in the lake's depth	A
2,053	MCAS_2001_5_4	To compare the hardness of different minerals, it would be BEST to find	the color of the minerals.	which minerals scratch other minerals.	which minerals reflect light most strongly.	the samples that feel smoothest to the touch.	B
2,054	Mercury_7090615	A house is built in a desert, where there is no electricity and very little wind. Which action could lead to operating the electrical appliances in the house that would cause the least amount of environmental pollution?	constructing a small hydroelectric plant	placing solar panels on the roof of the house	using gasoline generators	burning coal or wood	B
2,055	MDSA_2007_5_40	Students are learning about the natural resources in Maryland. One group of students researches information about renewable natural resources in the state. The other group researches information about nonrenewable natural resources in the state. The resources the students investigate include plants, animals, soil, minerals, water, coal, and oil. Which nonrenewable natural resource heats homes?	sunlight	aluminum	natural gas	ocean waves	C
2,056	Mercury_7098963	Gregor Mendel was the first to show that organisms had traits that are passed on from parents to the next generation. In order for the scientific community to accept Mendel's discovery, others had to	invent the microscope.	read through his journals.	duplicate the results of his experiments.	invest money in his scientific investigations.	C
2,057	MCAS_2005_5_9	Alicia has lots of old bicycle parts. She wants to build something new with the parts. What is the first thing Alicia should do?	plan the new item	construct the new item	try out the new item	evaluate the new item	A
2,058	Mercury_7081795	Which is a major organ of the nervous system?	brain	stomach	lung	bone	A
2,059	Mercury_7211995	Some students were investigating the relationship between position, time, and speed. The students marked the initial position of a toy car. The students set the car into motion and marked the position of the car each second. Which of these are most appropriate for recording and analyzing the students' data?	a table and a bar graph	a table and a line graph	a pie chart and a bar graph	a pie chart and a line graph	B
2,060	MCAS_1998_8_16	If the number of trees significantly decreases, the atmosphere's level of which gas might significantly increase?	nitrogen	carbon dioxide	carbon monoxide	hydrogen	B
2,061	MCAS_2008_8_5607	Which of the following is the best estimate of the number of stars in a typical galaxy?	tens	hundreds	thousands	billions	D
2,062	VASoL_2010_3_38	A company plants trees on a bare hillside. Which of these is the BEST reason for planting the trees?	The trees provide oxygen for the soil.	The trees prevent soil from washing away.	The trees make shade for animals living there.	The trees cause animals to move to other places.	B
2,063	MCAS_2006_8_29	Index fossils help scientists estimate the age of a rock because index fossil species only existed for a relatively short time. What happened to the species that are now used as index fossils?	They became extinct.	They changed their diets.	They hid in marine sediments.	They migrated to new environments.	A
2,064	NYSEDREGENTS_2007_8_3	Feathers, wings, and the hollow bones of birds are examples of	adaptations for flight	responses to stimuli	unnecessary body parts	reproductive structures	A
2,065	MEA_2013_5_2	A student climbs up a rocky mountain trail in Maine. She sees many small pieces of rock on the path. Which action most likely made the small pieces of rock?	sand blowing into cracks	leaves pressing down tightly	ice breaking large rocks apart	shells and bones sticking together	C
2,066	Mercury_176575	Which of the following heat exchange processes involves the collision of particles?	insulation	conduction	convection	radiation	B
2,067	Mercury_SC_400591	The most effective way to show a change happening over time is to display your results using a	line graph.	Venn diagram.	pie chart.	flow chart.	A
2,068	Mercury_7038220	The diet of a brown bear includes roots, grasses, berries, nuts, fish, insects, and mammals. Based on this description, in what category is a brown bear?	carnivore	herbivore	omnivore	decomposer	C
2,069	Mercury_7038238	A bracket fungus grows on a dead tree and breaks it down into chemical nutrients. What term best classifies the role of a bracket fungus in this ecosystem?	producer	consumer	parasite	decomposer	D
2,070	Mercury_7112175	The comet Shoemaker-Levy struck the planet Jupiter in July of 1994. The process of a comet striking a planet is an example of a net decrease in kinetic energy. Kinetic energy was ultimately converted into	light.	radiation.	thermal energy.	electromagnetic energy.	C
2,071	Mercury_7081445	An earthquake in the Earth's crust under the ocean releases sound waves. Which statement accurately describes how the sound waves spread?	They spread in all directions away from their source.	They remain trapped near the source by water pressure.	They travel mostly horizontally along the ocean floor.	They travel mostly upward toward the surface of the water.	A
2,072	Mercury_7230370	Which provides the oldest evidence for oxygen accumulation in Earth's atmosphere?	the earliest fossils of animals	the earliest sediments of oxidized rock	impact craters of oxidized-iron asteroids	extensive volcanic calderas of similar age	B
2,073	LEAP__7_10337	Louis Pasteur discovered that the bacteria in a substance can be killed by heating the substance for a short period of time. Which of these practices benefited most from Pasteur's discovery?	storing foods for longer periods of time	building ovens and other heating devices	creating medicines that cure infections	transporting living organisms without injuring them	A
2,074	Mercury_406729	How do traits of animals such as ear shape, nose shape, and hair color most often get passed to offspring?	sexual reproduction	asexual reproduction	adaptation	instinct	A
2,075	Mercury_7029838	Why is the ozone content of the stratosphere important to living organisms?	Ozone absorbs infrared radiation from the Sun.	Ozone absorbs ultraviolet radiation from the Sun.	Ozone is necessary to create oxygen for living things.	Ozone in the atmosphere prevents radiation of heat from Earth.	B
2,076	Mercury_SC_400395	If an environment becomes warmer and drier, the change that would most likely help a species adapt would be an increase in its	amount of body fat.	amount of body hair.	ability to climb trees.	ability to store water.	D
2,077	Mercury_7042578	Thousands of years ago, several species of large mammals existed in North America. These species became extinct not long after the first human settlement of North America. Which human activity most likely contributed to the extinction of these mammals?	hunting	waterway pollution	habitat destruction	competition for resources	A
2,078	Mercury_176995	Which of the following is an example of a behavioral adaptation?	hooves of a horse	migration of birds	a spider web	a bee hive	B
2,079	NYSEDREGENTS_2007_8_29	Which two processes could result in the formation of high mountains with well-rounded peaks?	volcanic eruptions and global warming	earthquakes and tidal activity	collision of crustal plates and erosion	production of greenhouse gases and weathering	C
2,080	MDSA_2011_8_7	The brown tree snake is a nonnative species found on the South Pacific island of Guam. The brown tree snake population in Guam is so large that it negatively affects the humans there. Which statement best explains why the brown tree snake has flourished in Guam?	There are many animals for food.	There are no natural snake predators.	The climate is ideal for snake reproduction.	The vegetation provides good habitat for hunting.	B

1,981

Mercury_SC_LBS10470

Which of the following helps the body to cool down?

shivering

sweating

running a fever

taking deep breaths

B

1,982

TAKS_2009_5_2

The brown fur of the arctic hare turns white in winter. How does this color change most likely help the arctic hare?

It helps the animal save water.

It helps the animal hide from predators.

It helps keep the animal cool.

It helps protect the animal from disease.

B

1,983

TAKS_2009_8_31

A group of students found metamorphic rocks near a campsite. The presence of metamorphic rocks is most likely evidence of

dinosaur activity

sediment deposition

high pressure

wind-borne sand

C

1,984

Mercury_SC_LBS10790

As water vapor condenses into liquid, which of the following can be formed?

ice

steam

frost

clouds

D

1,985

Mercury_7218313

Which of these particles, when found in soil, contributes most to the water retention in soil?

gravel

sand

silt

clay

D

1,986

CSZ30457

Which of the following forms of energy is released or absorbed in most chemical reactions?

light energy

electrical energy

sound energy

heat energy

D

1,987

Mercury_7207515

Which of these must occur for sediments to form new rock?

precipitation

evaporation

partial melting

recrystallization

D

1,988

Mercury_187145

A student wants to find the most accurate account of a scientific discovery that took place within the past three months. In which of these sources should the student look?

newspapers

magazines

science textbooks

science journals

D

1,989

Mercury_SC_407394

What is taken in by the leaves of a tree so it can make its own food?

oxygen

sugar

sunlight

water

C

1,990

Mercury_7098140

Radio signal interruption sometimes causes a humming or buzzing sound. These sounds are most likely caused by

balanced forces.

longitudinal waves.

gravitational forces.

electromagnetic waves.

D

1,991

Mercury_7038553

Students planned an investigation that included adding a quantity of vinegar to a small amount of baking soda. Which is the best tool to measure the volume of the liquid vinegar used in the investigation?

pan balance

spring scale

meter stick

graduated cylinder

D

1,992

Mercury_7136798

Garrett collected some large rocks from a stream near his home. He measured the rocks on a balance. When he records the mass of the rocks, which units should Garrett use?

pounds

kilograms

fluid ounces

cubic centimeters

B

1,993

Mercury_401437

Which of the statements is the most accurate in describing the chemical equation shown below? 2H_{2}(g) + O_{2}(g) -> 2H_{2}O(g) + energy

A solid is produced.

Energy is released.

Energy is absorbed.

Equal numbers of molecules are on both sides of the arrow.

B

1,994

MDSA_2007_4_31

A female dog is having puppies. She has black fur, brown eyes, and a curly tail. She can sit, bark, and roll over on command. Which set of traits can the female dog's puppies inherit?

brown eyes, black fur

fur, roll over on command

brown eyes, sit on command

bark on command, curly tail

A

1,995

MDSA_2007_5_21

Scientists estimate that Maryland contains more than 850 million tons of coal. Coal is most commonly used to produce ___.

electricity

medicine

metals

water

A

1,996

Mercury_7108938

Large populations of tortoises inhabited the Galapagos Islands before humans. When humans settled on the islands and introduced goats, the number of tortoise declined. What is most likely the explanation for the decrease in the tortoise population?

Goats consume tortoise hatchlings.

Goats pollute water sources.

Goats compete with tortoises for vegetation.

Goats contribute to soil erosion.

C

1,997

Mercury_SC_LBS10587

Hereditary information is transmitted from parents to offspring through

cell division.

genes.

germination.

metamorphosis.

B

1,998

ACTAAP_2007_7_21

Which device converts kinetic energy into electrical energy?

calculator

generator

electric motor

electromagnet

B

1,999

Mercury_400159

Which behavior is a learned behavior?

eating with a fork

shivering when it is cold

squinting your eyes in bright light

developing a fever when you are sick

A

2,000

Mercury_7010010

The distance between the Sun and the next closest star, Proxima Centauri, is most accurately measured in

magnitudes.

light years.

perigees.

red shifts.

B

2,001

Mercury_7007578

Which of these uses sound waves to locate underwater objects?

radar

sonar

telescope

microscope

B

2,002

Mercury_7138618

Paleontologists are scientists who study evidence of past life on Earth. Which method do paleontologists most likely use to determine the forms of life that existed millions of years ago?

examine current species of plants and animals

research past species in the library

interview older scientists

examine fossils records

D

2,003

ACTAAP_2014_5_16

The temperature in a hot star is high enough to pull electrons away from atoms. What state of matter results from this process?

gas

solid

liquid

plasma

D

2,004

Mercury_7210928

Which resource, abundant in Nevada, is nonrenewable?

copper

wind

sunlight

wood

A

2,005

NYSEDREGENTS_2004_4_20

A student reaches one hand into a bag filled with smooth objects. The student feels the objects but does not look into the bag. Which property of the objects can the student most likely identify?

shape

color

ability to reflect light

ability to conduct electricity

A

2,006

Mercury_7005460

An abiotic factor that most influences the organisms living in a salt marsh is

fish.

water.

predators.

grasses.

B

2,007

TIMSS_1995_8_M13

When oil is burning, the reaction will

only release energy

only absorb energy

neither absorb nor release energy

sometimes release and sometimes absorb energy depending on the oil

A

2,008

NYSEDREGENTS_2004_4_27

Fourth graders are planning a roller-skate race. Which surface would be the best for this race?

gravel

sand

blacktop

grass

C

2,009

Mercury_SC_LBS10477

Protein is used by the human body to

build strong bones.

absorb vitamins.

repair cells.

provide fiber.

C

2,010

AKDE&ED_2008_4_5

Changes in the weather are important to people living in Alaska. Which two tools best help scientists to share information about weather?

radio and computer

clock and notebook

television and hand lens

microscope and telephone

A

2,011

NYSEDREGENTS_2011_8_24

Which outcome is most likely if a person consumes more Calories than needed for daily activities?

weight loss

weight gain

deficiency disease

infectious disease

B

2,012

Mercury_SC_402250

In a mixture, a magnet is used to separate some particles from sand. The dark particles are most likely made of which element?

sodium

iron

sulfur

copper

B

2,013

NYSEDREGENTS_2016_4_24

A student tosses a ball into the air. Which force causes the ball to fall back to the ground?

gravity

magnetism

mechanical

friction

A

2,014

NYSEDREGENTS_2009_8_11

The gravitational force between two objects depends on the distance between the objects and each object's

mass

volume

pressure

temperature

A

2,015

Mercury_7111720

Scientists who have studied global climate changes have found that the average temperature of Earth has risen. There has also been an increase in the accumulation of atmospheric greenhouse gases. What is the goal of the scientific community in collecting this type of data?

to understand how greenhouse gases are related to global warming

to decrease the temperature using fossil fuels

to change public attitude on using natural resources

to increase the amount of ice in the Arctic

A

2,016

Mercury_7214935

Paper chromatography is a process used to separate mixtures of substances into their components. The components are carried by a mobile phase through a stationary phase made of absorbent paper. An investigation analyzed a sample of black ink to determine its components.Which property allows the components to separate?

the solubility of the components in the mobile phase

the evaporation rate of the components at a certain temperature

the magnetic property of the components

the thickness of the paper used as the stationary phase

A

2,017

Mercury_SC_401206

In one area, a large source of prey for eagles is rabbits. If the number of rabbits suddenly decreases, what effect will it most likely have on the eagles?

Their numbers will increase.

Their numbers will decrease.

They will adapt new behaviors.

They will migrate to new locations.

B

2,018

NYSEDREGENTS_2007_8_32

Moving water in a river is considered a renewable resource because it

carries dissolved oxygen

easily erodes sediments

is made of natural gas

can be recycled by nature over time

D

2,019

Mercury_7177695

When studying planetary data, Jackie found some similarities and differences among the planets that make up the solar system. Which generalization is true about the orbits of the major planets in the solar system?

Planetary orbits have the same plane.

Planetary orbits are mostly elliptical in shape.

Planets orbit at the same speed around the Sun.

Planets orbit in different directions around the Sun.

B

2,020

Mercury_7182263

When nitrogen-rich runoff from farms enters a nearby farm, it causes abundant growth of algal mat on the pond surface. As a result, underwater plants in the pond begin to die. Identify the limiting factor that is most responsible for causing the underwater plants to die.

oxygen

sunlight

nitrogen

carbon dioxide

B

2,021

Mercury_7008365

What is the main source of energy for the water cycle?

the Sun

fossil fuels

clouds

the ocean

A

2,022

TIMSS_2007_8_pg127

Which of the following properties of a substance is conserved during thermal expansion?

mass

volume

shape

distance between particles

A

2,023

Mercury_7228778

Trees use narrow tubes to transport water upward. Which property of water allows the water to rise in these narrow tubes?

high vapor pressure

high boiling point

cohesion of molecules

net charge of molecules

C

2,024

TIMSS_2003_4_pg24

Which pair together could cause a rainbow?

Fog and clouds

Rain and snow

Clouds and ice

Sunshine and rain

D

2,025

Mercury_7008925

The property of matter that resists changes in motion is called

inertia.

friction.

gravity.

weight.

A

2,026

Mercury_417120

Monarch butterflies use milkweed plants during all of their life stages. Milkweed plants grow in open areas, such as grasslands and wetlands. They also often grow between row crops. Given this information, which of these biotechnologies would pose the greatest threat to monarch butterflies?

development of new antibiotics

development of new herbicides

development of disease-resistant crops

development of insect-resistant crops

B

2,027

NYSEDREGENTS_2006_8_25

In the past, Native American Indians buried dead fish along with corn seeds. This technique was used because the decomposing dead fish would

provide nutrients for the growing corn plant

eliminate the need for weeding around the corn plant

release oxygen for use by the corn plant

supply all the water needed by the corn plant

A

2,028

Mercury_7057943

Earth is composed of layers of material with different properties. Which of the following is most likely to be in constant motion?

core

mantle

oceanic crust

continental crust

B

2,029

Mercury_7234553

Which mechanism helps carbon to cycle from the atmosphere to living organisms?

tissue decomposition

cellular respiration

photosynthesis

transpiration

C

2,030

Mercury_7283815

A city has an outbreak of a disease that affects an unusually large portion of its population at the same time. Which term best describes the outbreak?

pandemic

plague

epidemic

infection

C

2,031

Mercury_7210718

In which structure is the Sun located?

Milky Way Galaxy

Andromeda Galaxy

Cat's Eye Nebula

Horseshoe Nebula

A

2,032

Mercury_405870

Removing waste from the body is the primary function of which body system?

excretory

nervous

circulatory

skeletal

A

2,033

Mercury_7014315

Which discovery revealed that the universe contains many structures composed of millions of stars?

novas

galaxies

black holes

solar systems

B

2,034

Mercury_SC_400341

If a tall tree falls over in a crowded forest, which resource becomes available to the surrounding plants?

air

soil

water

sunlight

D

2,035

Mercury_404099

What best describes the mantle of Earth?

a thin layer that is located on the surface

a solid layer made of iron and nickel

the largest layer between the crust and outer core

the smallest layer that is made up of molten rock

C

2,036

Mercury_7168368

When Javier exercises, his muscle cells need more oxygen. Which would help Javier's muscle cells receive more oxygen?

decreasing his respiration rate

increasing his perspiration rate

increasing the rate his heart beats

decreasing the rate his blood flow

C

2,037

Mercury_7176138

Which process has most likely occurred when new traits appear in a species?

selective breeding

genetic mutation

crossbreeding

cloning

B

2,038

Mercury_7216143

A patient visits the doctor for a checkup and is diagnosed with skin cancer. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this disease?

poor eating and sleeping habits

exposure to ultraviolet rays

a defect in the person's immune system

working with plants and animals

B

2,039

MCAS_2007_5_4799

Which of the following forms of energy can travel by vibrating particles of air?

electrical

light

magnetic

sound

D

2,040

Mercury_SC_405148

A chef uses a metal spoon to stir noodles cooking in a pan. After five minutes, she notices that the thermal energy from the pan has made the spoon

cold.

hot.

wet.

dry.

B

2,041

NCEOGA_2013_5_55

Which will most likely cause a decrease in predator populations?

an increase in prey populations

a decrease in prey populations

a decrease in decomposers

an increase in producers

B

2,042

ACTAAP_2014_5_10

A robin catches and eats a cricket. Which statement best describes the roles of each animal?

The robin is the prey and the cricket is the predator.

The robin is the predator and the cricket is the prey.

The robin is the consumer and the cricket is the producer.

The robin is the producer and the cricket is the consumer.

B

2,043

Mercury_7175840

Hookworms live inside the intestines of dogs. As the dog eats, the hookworms consume partially digested food. As a result of this nutrient diversion, the dog can become malnourished and weakened. Which best describes the relationship between the hookworms and the dog?

a parasitic relationship

a mutualistic relationship

a predator-prey relationship

a producer-consumer relationship

A

2,044

Mercury_SC_400528

The prairie grass ecosystem once had a deep layer of topsoil which was protected by the grasses that covered it. Removal of these grasses for farmland is causing the soil to be eroded mainly by

wind and rain.

animal movement.

crops grown in the soil.

increased temperatures.

A

2,045

Mercury_7040915

When the Northern Hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun, what season is occurring in Australia?

fall

winter

spring

summer

B

2,046

Mercury_7083720

Light waves are arranged in the electromagnetic spectrum by

wavelength and brightness.

speed and color.

brightness and color.

wavelength and frequency.

D

2,047

Mercury_7083475

In order to distinguish fact from opinion, conclusions in experiments should be

recorded on a computer.

presented in bar graphs.

based on verifiable data.

organized in a table.

C

2,048

VASoL_2011_5_26

Pumice is formed when lava from a volcano cools. Which rock type is pumice?

Gaseous rock

Igneous rock

Sedimentary rock

Metamorphic rock

B

2,049

Mercury_7137288

The principle of uniformitarianism states that most of the landscape of Earth was formed slowly and over a long period of time. Which occurrence of Earth is least supported by this principle?

soil development

volcanic eruption

plate movement

fossil formation

B

2,050

Mercury_7215495

Selective breeding has resulted in plants that are resistant to pests and produce a higher yield of fruits and vegetables. Which of these is the most likely disadvantage that can result from this process?

decreased genetic diversity

habitat destruction

overpopulation

increased erosion

A

2,051

NYSEDREGENTS_2009_4_12

A student measured the volume of water in a pan. The student boiled the water for thirty minutes and then measured the volume of the water again. The volume of water most likely

decreased

increased

remained the same

null

A

2,052

MEA_2013_8_11

Lori owns a house next to the lake. She uses lots of fertilizer to keep her lawn green. Which impact could fertilizing her lawn have on the lake?

an increase in the algae population

an increase in the fish population

an increase in the mosquito population

an increase in the lake's depth

A

2,053

MCAS_2001_5_4

To compare the hardness of different minerals, it would be BEST to find

the color of the minerals.

which minerals scratch other minerals.

which minerals reflect light most strongly.

the samples that feel smoothest to the touch.

B

2,054

Mercury_7090615

A house is built in a desert, where there is no electricity and very little wind. Which action could lead to operating the electrical appliances in the house that would cause the least amount of environmental pollution?

constructing a small hydroelectric plant

placing solar panels on the roof of the house

using gasoline generators

burning coal or wood

B

2,055

MDSA_2007_5_40

Students are learning about the natural resources in Maryland. One group of students researches information about renewable natural resources in the state. The other group researches information about nonrenewable natural resources in the state. The resources the students investigate include plants, animals, soil, minerals, water, coal, and oil. Which nonrenewable natural resource heats homes?

sunlight

aluminum

natural gas

ocean waves

C

2,056

Mercury_7098963

Gregor Mendel was the first to show that organisms had traits that are passed on from parents to the next generation. In order for the scientific community to accept Mendel's discovery, others had to

invent the microscope.

read through his journals.

duplicate the results of his experiments.

invest money in his scientific investigations.

C

2,057

MCAS_2005_5_9

Alicia has lots of old bicycle parts. She wants to build something new with the parts. What is the first thing Alicia should do?

plan the new item

construct the new item

try out the new item

evaluate the new item

A

2,058

Mercury_7081795

Which is a major organ of the nervous system?

brain

stomach

lung

bone

A

2,059

Mercury_7211995

Some students were investigating the relationship between position, time, and speed. The students marked the initial position of a toy car. The students set the car into motion and marked the position of the car each second. Which of these are most appropriate for recording and analyzing the students' data?

a table and a bar graph

a table and a line graph

a pie chart and a bar graph

a pie chart and a line graph

B

2,060

MCAS_1998_8_16

If the number of trees significantly decreases, the atmosphere's level of which gas might significantly increase?

nitrogen

carbon dioxide

carbon monoxide

hydrogen

B

2,061

MCAS_2008_8_5607

Which of the following is the best estimate of the number of stars in a typical galaxy?

tens

hundreds

thousands

billions

D

2,062

VASoL_2010_3_38

A company plants trees on a bare hillside. Which of these is the BEST reason for planting the trees?

The trees provide oxygen for the soil.

The trees prevent soil from washing away.

The trees make shade for animals living there.

The trees cause animals to move to other places.

B

2,063

MCAS_2006_8_29

Index fossils help scientists estimate the age of a rock because index fossil species only existed for a relatively short time. What happened to the species that are now used as index fossils?

They became extinct.

They changed their diets.

They hid in marine sediments.

They migrated to new environments.

A

2,064

NYSEDREGENTS_2007_8_3

Feathers, wings, and the hollow bones of birds are examples of

adaptations for flight

responses to stimuli

unnecessary body parts

reproductive structures

A

2,065

MEA_2013_5_2

A student climbs up a rocky mountain trail in Maine. She sees many small pieces of rock on the path. Which action most likely made the small pieces of rock?

sand blowing into cracks

leaves pressing down tightly

ice breaking large rocks apart

shells and bones sticking together

C

2,066

Mercury_176575

Which of the following heat exchange processes involves the collision of particles?

insulation

conduction

convection

radiation

B

2,067

Mercury_SC_400591

The most effective way to show a change happening over time is to display your results using a

line graph.

Venn diagram.

pie chart.

flow chart.

A

2,068

Mercury_7038220

The diet of a brown bear includes roots, grasses, berries, nuts, fish, insects, and mammals. Based on this description, in what category is a brown bear?

carnivore

herbivore

omnivore

decomposer

C

2,069

Mercury_7038238

A bracket fungus grows on a dead tree and breaks it down into chemical nutrients. What term best classifies the role of a bracket fungus in this ecosystem?

producer

consumer

parasite

decomposer

D

2,070

Mercury_7112175

The comet Shoemaker-Levy struck the planet Jupiter in July of 1994. The process of a comet striking a planet is an example of a net decrease in kinetic energy. Kinetic energy was ultimately converted into

light.

radiation.

thermal energy.

electromagnetic energy.

C

2,071

Mercury_7081445

An earthquake in the Earth's crust under the ocean releases sound waves. Which statement accurately describes how the sound waves spread?

They spread in all directions away from their source.

They remain trapped near the source by water pressure.

They travel mostly horizontally along the ocean floor.

They travel mostly upward toward the surface of the water.

A

2,072

Mercury_7230370

Which provides the oldest evidence for oxygen accumulation in Earth's atmosphere?

the earliest fossils of animals

the earliest sediments of oxidized rock

impact craters of oxidized-iron asteroids

extensive volcanic calderas of similar age

B

2,073

LEAP__7_10337

Louis Pasteur discovered that the bacteria in a substance can be killed by heating the substance for a short period of time. Which of these practices benefited most from Pasteur's discovery?

storing foods for longer periods of time

building ovens and other heating devices

creating medicines that cure infections

transporting living organisms without injuring them

A

2,074

Mercury_406729

How do traits of animals such as ear shape, nose shape, and hair color most often get passed to offspring?

sexual reproduction

asexual reproduction

adaptation

instinct

A

2,075

Mercury_7029838

Why is the ozone content of the stratosphere important to living organisms?

Ozone absorbs infrared radiation from the Sun.

Ozone absorbs ultraviolet radiation from the Sun.

Ozone is necessary to create oxygen for living things.

Ozone in the atmosphere prevents radiation of heat from Earth.

B

2,076

Mercury_SC_400395

If an environment becomes warmer and drier, the change that would most likely help a species adapt would be an increase in its

amount of body fat.

amount of body hair.

ability to climb trees.

ability to store water.

D

2,077

Mercury_7042578

Thousands of years ago, several species of large mammals existed in North America. These species became extinct not long after the first human settlement of North America. Which human activity most likely contributed to the extinction of these mammals?

hunting

waterway pollution

habitat destruction

competition for resources

A

2,078

Mercury_176995

Which of the following is an example of a behavioral adaptation?

hooves of a horse

migration of birds

a spider web

a bee hive

B

2,079

NYSEDREGENTS_2007_8_29

Which two processes could result in the formation of high mountains with well-rounded peaks?

volcanic eruptions and global warming

earthquakes and tidal activity

collision of crustal plates and erosion

production of greenhouse gases and weathering

C

2,080

MDSA_2011_8_7

The brown tree snake is a nonnative species found on the South Pacific island of Guam. The brown tree snake population in Guam is so large that it negatively affects the humans there. Which statement best explains why the brown tree snake has flourished in Guam?

There are many animals for food.

There are no natural snake predators.

The climate is ideal for snake reproduction.

The vegetation provides good habitat for hunting.

B