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we further extend these analyses to two broad families of activation functions and deep feedforward architectures demonstrating that | abstract | abstract representations | we further extend these analyses to two broad families of activation functions and deep feedforward architectures demonstrating that abstract representations naturally arise in all these scenarios |
in summary this work advances the modeling of epidemics to a more local scope offering a more expressive tool for epidemiological research and | public | infectious individuals | in summary this work advances the modeling of epidemics to a more local scope offering a more expressive tool for epidemiological research and public health planning |
rules including stochastic gradient descent sgd feedback alignment fa direct feedback | alignment | dynamical systems | rules including stochastic gradient descent sgd feedback alignment fa direct feedback alignment dfa and kolen-pollack kp emerge naturally as limiting cases of the dynamics |
we conduct comprehensive experiments with llama 2-7b llama 2-13b and mistral 7b models on mathematical | reasoning | large language models llms | we conduct comprehensive experiments with llama 2-7b llama 2-13b and mistral 7b models on mathematical reasoning coding and summarization tasks |
beyond imitation constraint-aware trajectory generation with flow matching for | end-to-end | autonomous driving | beyond imitation constraint-aware trajectory generation with flow matching for end-to-end autonomous driving |
here we explore topological effects on photon-pair generation via spontaneous parametric down-conversion spdc in nonlinear | waveguide | waveguide modes | here we explore topological effects on photon-pair generation via spontaneous parametric down-conversion spdc in nonlinear waveguide arrays both theoretically and experimentally |
we find that for different types of network architectures and for both visual or neuronal stimuli these cross-supervising networks learn semantic representations that are easily decodable and that decoding accuracy is comparable to | supervised | deep learning | we find that for different types of network architectures and for both visual or neuronal stimuli these cross-supervising networks learn semantic representations that are easily decodable and that decoding accuracy is comparable to supervised networks -- both at the level of single networks and the ensemble |
infoflow reinforcing search agent via reward | density | reinforcement learning | infoflow reinforcing search agent via reward density optimization |
a common approach to addressing the challenge involves generating synthetic data for the minority group and then training classification models with both observed and | synthetic | synthetic data | a common approach to addressing the challenge involves generating synthetic data for the minority group and then training classification models with both observed and synthetic data |
quantum simulation of actinide chemistry towards scalable algorithms on | trapped | trapped ions | quantum simulation of actinide chemistry towards scalable algorithms on trapped ion quantum computers |
we present a generalization of the so-called fractional stirap f-stirap demonstrating precise control over the mixing ratio of | quantum | quantum technologies | we present a generalization of the so-called fractional stirap f-stirap demonstrating precise control over the mixing ratio of quantum states in the wave packet |
the proposed approach is evaluated across kronecker and weichselberger | channel | channel estimation | the proposed approach is evaluated across kronecker and weichselberger channel models with three distinct pilot probing schemes |
by distributing and recollecting the quantum state with an entanglement-distribution operation the scan rate scales as | n | quantum algorithm | by distributing and recollecting the quantum state with an entanglement-distribution operation the scan rate scales as n 2 m 1 while thermal excitation is the dominant background significantly outperforming classical single-cavity methods under matched conditions |
moreover clustering cortical regions using snf-derived similarity scores reveals a clearer hierarchical organization that aligns closely with established anatomical and | functional | functional connectivity | moreover clustering cortical regions using snf-derived similarity scores reveals a clearer hierarchical organization that aligns closely with established anatomical and functional hierarchies of the visual cortex-surpassing the correspondence achieved by individual metrics |
our formation planner is a two-step optimization | problem | optimal control | our formation planner is a two-step optimization problem that identifies desired relative robot positions |
this work extends the balanced network paradigm offering insights into how cortical circuits could maintain robust dynamics via | synaptic | functional connectivity | this work extends the balanced network paradigm offering insights into how cortical circuits could maintain robust dynamics via synaptic adaptation |
fine-tuned language models for domain-specific | summarization | natural language processing | fine-tuned language models for domain-specific summarization and tagging |
sensitivity analysis for treatment effects in difference-in-differences models using | riesz | riesz representer | sensitivity analysis for treatment effects in difference-in-differences models using riesz representation |
the tidal torque theory ttt predicts that galaxy spins are correlated with the surrounding tidal field reflecting how | angular | angular momentum | the tidal torque theory ttt predicts that galaxy spins are correlated with the surrounding tidal field reflecting how angular momentum is acquired during structure formation |
they have been observed in many star clusters most of them old globular | clusters | bulge stars | they have been observed in many star clusters most of them old globular clusters populating the milky way and other satellite galaxies |
these results suggest that llms can serve as practical proxies for otherwise unrevealed human thinking traces enabling label-only corpora to be extended into thinking-trace-augmented resources that enhance the reliability of | llm | proxy llms | these results suggest that llms can serve as practical proxies for otherwise unrevealed human thinking traces enabling label-only corpora to be extended into thinking-trace-augmented resources that enhance the reliability of llm raters |
finally we analyze the generalization performance of a gradient-based | meta-reinforcement | reward models | finally we analyze the generalization performance of a gradient-based meta-reinforcement learning algorithm |
in this paper we combine adaptation and control barrier functions into a real-time control architecture that guarantees stability ensures | control | predictive control | in this paper we combine adaptation and control barrier functions into a real-time control architecture that guarantees stability ensures control performance and remains safe even with the parametric uncertainties |
artificial intelligence in medicine is built to | serve | artificial intelligence | artificial intelligence in medicine is built to serve the average patient |
the koopman operator theory is introduced to transform the nonlinear dynamical differential equations for the dynamic evolution of complex networks into linear | systems | complex systems | the koopman operator theory is introduced to transform the nonlinear dynamical differential equations for the dynamic evolution of complex networks into linear systems for solving |
at high pressures nuclear quantum effects involving both hydrogen molecules and the water lattice become dominant giving rise to a dual-lattice | quantum | quantum materials | at high pressures nuclear quantum effects involving both hydrogen molecules and the water lattice become dominant giving rise to a dual-lattice quantum system |
maintaining physical activity is essential for older | adults | older adults | maintaining physical activity is essential for older adults health and well-being yet participation remains low |
and confirms that controlling the extent of | non-linear | non-linear link | and confirms that controlling the extent of non-linear in preferential attachment is key to achieving a better fit to the real network s degree distribution pattern |
it introduces two key capabilities automated feedback generation using a fine-tuned large | language | large language | it introduces two key capabilities automated feedback generation using a fine-tuned large language model and visualization of student code submissions to uncover learning patterns |
however due to the winner s curse-an issue where the policy optimization procedure exploits prediction errors rather than finding actual improvements-predicted performance improvements are often not substantiated by downstream | policy | policy learning | however due to the winner s curse-an issue where the policy optimization procedure exploits prediction errors rather than finding actual improvements-predicted performance improvements are often not substantiated by downstream policy optimization |
2024 develops riesz regression for automatic | debiased | debiased machine | 2024 develops riesz regression for automatic debiased machine learning which directly estimates the riesz representer or equivalently the bias-correction term by minimizing the mean squared error |
scanning tunnelling microscopy stm enables atomic-resolution | imaging | electron microscopy | scanning tunnelling microscopy stm enables atomic-resolution imaging and atom manipulation but its utility is often limited by tip degradation and slow serial data acquisition |
people tend to walk in groups and interactions with those | groups | human mobility | people tend to walk in groups and interactions with those groups have a significant impact on crowd behavior and pedestrian traffic dynamics |
this study provides evidence-based strategies for culturally responsive | mental | mental health | this study provides evidence-based strategies for culturally responsive mental health interventions addressing persistent disparities in black men s service utilisation |
comparative studies have been done by placing the image plane in five different positions on the propagation path of the | beam | beam shaping | comparative studies have been done by placing the image plane in five different positions on the propagation path of the beam so that we can detect collimated diverging and converging outputs |
we demonstrate that our method achieves higher success rates on complex contact-rich tasks than end-to-end | rl | motion planning | we demonstrate that our method achieves higher success rates on complex contact-rich tasks than end-to-end rl approaches and produces more efficient coordinated behaviors than traditional sequential-only planners |
we contribute design recommendations for creating inclusive mobile fitness tools that align with older | adults | older adults | we contribute design recommendations for creating inclusive mobile fitness tools that align with older adults routines and capabilities offering insights for future long-term real-world deployments |
convergence analysis for an implementable scheme to solve the linear-quadratic stochastic optimal control problem with | stochastic | quadratic programming | convergence analysis for an implementable scheme to solve the linear-quadratic stochastic optimal control problem with stochastic wave equation |
this could hopefully represent a first step into better insights into | viral | viral replication | this could hopefully represent a first step into better insights into viral dynamics that may help clinicians to achieve consistently better outcomes |
our findings provide actionable insights into how values are learned during post-training and help to inform data curation as well as the selection of models and algorithms for | preference | preference optimization | our findings provide actionable insights into how values are learned during post-training and help to inform data curation as well as the selection of models and algorithms for preference optimization to improve model alignment to human values |
to formalize interventional constraints we propose a metric to quantify total causal effects for linear | causal | interventional constraints | to formalize interventional constraints we propose a metric to quantify total causal effects for linear causal models and formulate the problem as a constrained optimization task solved using a two-stage constrained optimization method |
exploring emergent topological properties in socio-economic networks through | learning | emergent behaviors | exploring emergent topological properties in socio-economic networks through learning heterogeneity |
this enables dynamic and real-time tasks that were previously believed to be unattainable by large | vla | vla models | this enables dynamic and real-time tasks that were previously believed to be unattainable by large vla models |
furthermore providing faithful explanations for predicted | emotions | empathic prompting | furthermore providing faithful explanations for predicted emotions is crucial to ensure interpretability and build user trust |
for this problem we develop a direct debiased | machine | debiased machine | for this problem we develop a direct debiased machine learning framework with an end-to-end algorithm |
we then show that electron-phonon interactions critically | modify | optical properties | we then show that electron-phonon interactions critically modify optical spectra and exciton lifetimes at finite temperatures |
bridging prediction and attribution identifying forward and backward causal influence ranges using assimilative | causal | causal effects | bridging prediction and attribution identifying forward and backward causal influence ranges using assimilative causal inference |
we also prove for the first time the non-singularity of the | gradient | gradient flow | we also prove for the first time the non-singularity of the gradient descent gd map on the loss landscape of realistic neural network architectures with fully connected convolutional or softmax attention layers and piecewise analytic activations which includes sigmoid relu leaky relu etc |
we propose to combine the reconstruction loss with training for dynamic | correspondence | pose estimation | we propose to combine the reconstruction loss with training for dynamic correspondence along with a visibility head and fine-tuning mast3r for point tracking using a relatively small amount of synthetic data |
our results underline the potential of generative | models | quantum error correction | our results underline the potential of generative models as a general-purpose methodology for automated quantum circuit design offering a promising path towards more efficient quantum algorithms and accelerating scientific discovery in the quantum domain |
applications to the get-out-the-vote dataset and criteo uplift modeling dataset demonstrate that our method outperforms fully | nonparametric | nonparametric identification | applications to the get-out-the-vote dataset and criteo uplift modeling dataset demonstrate that our method outperforms fully nonparametric machine learning methods in identifying individuals with higher treatment effects |
in each transmission block vae encodes the received echo into a latent representation that | conditions | channel state information | in each transmission block vae encodes the received echo into a latent representation that conditions ddpm to predict future target states which are then used for codebook beam selection |
departing from conventional euclidean parameter spaces the ndm re-conceptualizes a | neural | neural network | departing from conventional euclidean parameter spaces the ndm re-conceptualizes a neural network as a differentiable manifold where each layer functions as a local coordinate chart and the network parameters directly parameterize a riemannian metric tensor at every point |
our methods and findings offer not only practical applications for quantum networks but also lead to a deeper understanding of | multipartite | entanglement entropy | our methods and findings offer not only practical applications for quantum networks but also lead to a deeper understanding of multipartite entanglement structures |
to address this we propose spoken-passage multiple-choice question | answering | question answering | to address this we propose spoken-passage multiple-choice question answering a novel subjective approach evaluating the accuracy of key information in synthesized speech and release sp-mcqa-eval an 8 |
we propose the first known computationally tractable | algorithm | learning algorithm | we propose the first known computationally tractable algorithm for computing the solution to the graves-lai optimization problem which in turn enables the implementation of asymptotically optimal algorithms for this bandit problem |
we show that this version is np-hard even when both structures the food web and the | phylogenetic | phylogenetic diversity | we show that this version is np-hard even when both structures the food web and the phylogenetic tree are stars |
understanding the diversity of star formation | histories | massive stars | understanding the diversity of star formation histories sfhs of galaxies is key to reconstructing their evolutionary paths |
the cross dual encoder network comprises four essential components a global encoder a local | encoder | deep network | the cross dual encoder network comprises four essential components a global encoder a local encoder a symmetric cross-attention module and a flow-based decoder |
to address this we propose a one problem multiple solutions 1pns training paradigm that exposes the model to a variety of | valid | mathematical reasoning | to address this we propose a one problem multiple solutions 1pns training paradigm that exposes the model to a variety of valid reasoning trajectories and thus increases inference diversity |
using photoionisation models from the photodissociation region toolbox we quantify the ism | conditions | star-forming region | using photoionisation models from the photodissociation region toolbox we quantify the ism conditions in the different regions determining that the southern star-forming regions have a high density n_h sim 10 5 cm -3 and are irradiated by a moderate uv radiation field g_0 sim 10 3 habing |
a fine-grained account of functional selectivity in the cortex is | essential | higher-order visual | a fine-grained account of functional selectivity in the cortex is essential for understanding how visual information is processed and represented in the brain |
emotion-coherent reasoning for multimodal | llms | models llms | emotion-coherent reasoning for multimodal llms via emotional rationale verifier |
spg-cdenet spatial prior-guided cross dual encoder network for | multi-organ | multi-organ segmentation | spg-cdenet spatial prior-guided cross dual encoder network for multi-organ segmentation |
reinforcement learning rl fine-tuning of large language models llms often suffers from instability due to the numerical mismatch between the | training | continual learning | reinforcement learning rl fine-tuning of large language models llms often suffers from instability due to the numerical mismatch between the training and inference policies |
no statistically significant differences were observed between top-3 full-9 and | consensus | findings highlight | no statistically significant differences were observed between top-3 full-9 and consensus p 0 |
these paradoxes highlight the tension between quantum | theory | quantum coherence | these paradoxes highlight the tension between quantum theory and our intuitions about reality being observer-independent |
we quantify the gas flows from a scale of up to several parsecs down to the sub-parsec | scale | stellar mass function | we quantify the gas flows from a scale of up to several parsecs down to the sub-parsec scale along filamentary structures in the three high-mass star-forming regions g75 |
simulating and experimenting with social media mobilization using | llm | large language models llms | simulating and experimenting with social media mobilization using llm agents |
the ability to continually learn retain and deploy skills to accomplish goals is a key feature of | intelligent | artificial intelligence | the ability to continually learn retain and deploy skills to accomplish goals is a key feature of intelligent and efficient behavior |
these findings demonstrate the potential of ai agents to move beyond process partners toward colleagues that share intent strengthen group dynamics and collaborate with | humans | artificial intelligence | these findings demonstrate the potential of ai agents to move beyond process partners toward colleagues that share intent strengthen group dynamics and collaborate with humans to advance ideas |
sensory representation is typically understood through a hierarchical-causal framework where progressively | abstract | artificial neural | sensory representation is typically understood through a hierarchical-causal framework where progressively abstract features are extracted sequentially |
for each operation the inputs and outputs are changes in phase relative to a | fixed | phase transitions | for each operation the inputs and outputs are changes in phase relative to a fixed bias point |
from linear to nonlinear provable weak-to-strong | generalization | gradient descent | from linear to nonlinear provable weak-to-strong generalization through feature learning |
we also demonstrate that the inter-layer magnetic coupling in these materials can be tuned by | strain | electronic structure | we also demonstrate that the inter-layer magnetic coupling in these materials can be tuned by strain enabling the switching between the ahe and the axionic states |
however such large fixed context lengths may lead to limited | exploration | context length | however such large fixed context lengths may lead to limited exploration efficiency and redundant information |
robotic assistant completing collaborative tasks with dexterous | vision-language-action | vision-language-action vla | robotic assistant completing collaborative tasks with dexterous vision-language-action models |
instead the model must have somehow synthesized its own | geometry | world models | instead the model must have somehow synthesized its own geometry of atomic facts encoding global relationships between all entities including non-co-occurring ones |
here we aim to characterize misconceptions that users of conversational llm-based assistants may have in | programming | llm responses | here we aim to characterize misconceptions that users of conversational llm-based assistants may have in programming contexts |
for temperature spans of 5-10 k we predict a coefficient of | performance | heat conduction | for temperature spans of 5-10 k we predict a coefficient of performance of 21-40 |
instrumental variable methods are fundamental to causal inference when | treatment | treatment effect | instrumental variable methods are fundamental to causal inference when treatment assignment is confounded by unobserved variables |
occasional oddball-like sensorimotor disruptions introduced premature | feedback | sensorimotor disruptions | occasional oddball-like sensorimotor disruptions introduced premature feedback to elicit prediction errors |
reinforcement learning rl can elicit strong reasoning in large language models llms yet most open efforts focus on | math | reasoning tasks | reinforcement learning rl can elicit strong reasoning in large language models llms yet most open efforts focus on math and code |
our solutions assume a constant star formation efficiency a constant mass-loading factor and that the yields are linearly dependent on the | interstellar | interstellar medium | our solutions assume a constant star formation efficiency a constant mass-loading factor and that the yields are linearly dependent on the interstellar medium abundance with the option of a saturation of the yields at high metallicity |
the results expose limitations in current llms capacity for representation alignment highlighting the need for further research on robust alignment between | language | vision-language models vlms | the results expose limitations in current llms capacity for representation alignment highlighting the need for further research on robust alignment between language and internal agent representations |
while a multi-agent approach based on large | language | large language | while a multi-agent approach based on large language models llms represents a promising strategy to surpass the capabilities of single models its success is critically dependent on synergistic team composition |
keywords co-ranking sep partitioning sep merge-free algorithms sep index-space optimization sep selection and merging sep | data | data structure | keywords co-ranking sep partitioning sep merge-free algorithms sep index-space optimization sep selection and merging sep data structures |
under emph heterogeneous wireless scenarios however such | designs | wireless networks | under emph heterogeneous wireless scenarios however such designs are constrained by the weakest device and inflate the update variance |
the evaluation framework provides a reusable and transparent | benchmark | evaluation metrics | the evaluation framework provides a reusable and transparent benchmark for assessing clinical question answering systems where semantic precision and computational efficiency are critical |
self-localization on a 3d map by using an inexpensive monocular camera is required to realize | autonomous | autonomous driving | self-localization on a 3d map by using an inexpensive monocular camera is required to realize autonomous driving |
beyond standard validation mobilitygen yields insights not attainable with earlier models including how access to urban space varies across | travel | travel information | beyond standard validation mobilitygen yields insights not attainable with earlier models including how access to urban space varies across travel modes and how co-presence dynamics shape social exposure and segregation |
we present the first dynamic algorithms for dyck and | tree | tree edit | we present the first dynamic algorithms for dyck and tree edit distances with subpolynomial update times |
using a masked autoencoding objective we pretrain reve on over 60 000 hours of eeg data from 92 datasets spanning 25 000 subjects representing the largest | eeg | electroencephalography eeg | using a masked autoencoding objective we pretrain reve on over 60 000 hours of eeg data from 92 datasets spanning 25 000 subjects representing the largest eeg pretraining effort to date |
the tri-infrastructure methodology and 79-problem benchmark enable longitudinal tracking of reasoning capabilities as | foundation | foundation models | the tri-infrastructure methodology and 79-problem benchmark enable longitudinal tracking of reasoning capabilities as foundation models evolve |
we propose a kinodynamic tamp framework based on a hybrid state tree that uniformly represents symbolic and numeric states during | planning | motion planning | we propose a kinodynamic tamp framework based on a hybrid state tree that uniformly represents symbolic and numeric states during planning enabling task and motion decisions to be jointly decided |
furthermore for specific pairs of models and | riesz | riesz representer | furthermore for specific pairs of models and riesz representer estimation methods we can automatically obtain the covariate balancing property without explicitly solving the covariate balancing objective |
we demonstrate that nonlinear quantum scrambling facilitates the achievement of super-heisenberg | scaling | quantum key distribution | we demonstrate that nonlinear quantum scrambling facilitates the achievement of super-heisenberg scaling t - beta when the generator of the parameter is time-independent |
a central challenge in cognitive neuroscience is to explain how semantic and | episodic | working memory | a central challenge in cognitive neuroscience is to explain how semantic and episodic memory two major forms of declarative memory typically associated with cortical and hippocampal processing interact to support learning recall and imagination |
this study bridges the gap between the two approaches by | showing | computational cost | this study bridges the gap between the two approaches by showing that both are based on essentially the same optimization problem |
by first establishing a converse issf-bf theorem we reveal the equivalence among the achievability of issf by feedback the achievability of inverse optimality and the solvability of a hamilton-jacobi-isaacs equation associated with the | inverse | inverse optimal | by first establishing a converse issf-bf theorem we reveal the equivalence among the achievability of issf by feedback the achievability of inverse optimality and the solvability of a hamilton-jacobi-isaacs equation associated with the inverse optimal issf gain assignment |
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