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this assumption generalizes existing assumptions of differential basis support used for identification of the | causal | causal effects | this assumption generalizes existing assumptions of differential basis support used for identification of the causal effect under spatial confounding and does not require prior knowledge of which basis functions satisfy this support condition |
our results demonstrate that model selection methods outperform every single | anomaly | anomaly detection | our results demonstrate that model selection methods outperform every single anomaly detection method while being in the same order of magnitude regarding execution time |
in this paper we address the bias introduced by | synthetic | synthetic data | in this paper we address the bias introduced by synthetic data and provide consistent estimators for this bias by borrowing information from the majority group |
harnessing topological effects offers a promising route to protect quantum states of light from imperfections potentially enabling more robust platforms for | quantum | quantum emitters | harnessing topological effects offers a promising route to protect quantum states of light from imperfections potentially enabling more robust platforms for quantum information processing |
we show the existence of pseudo-optimal text encoders that achieve perfect modal-invariant alignment yet are | provably | sparse autoencoders | we show the existence of pseudo-optimal text encoders that achieve perfect modal-invariant alignment yet are provably insensitive to swap replace and add operations over atomic concepts thereby failing to distinguish correct captions from hard negatives despite optimizing the same training objective as true-optimal enc... |
in this study we first prove that the density-ratio estimation method | proposed | density estimation | in this study we first prove that the density-ratio estimation method proposed in lin et al |
variational quantum algorithms vqas face an inherent trade-off between expressivity and trainability deeper circuits can represent richer | states | quantum channels | variational quantum algorithms vqas face an inherent trade-off between expressivity and trainability deeper circuits can represent richer states but suffer from noise accumulation and barren plateaus while shallow circuits remain trainable and implementable but lack expressive power |
considering uncorrelated classically correlated and entangled initial | states | multipartite entanglement | considering uncorrelated classically correlated and entangled initial states we show that entanglement enables the superposed causal order to generate coherence in the working medium thereby enhancing work extraction and efficiency beyond the separable and uncorrelated cases |
5 dex at all significantly above the values observed in milky way | stars | galactic nuclei | 5 dex at all significantly above the values observed in milky way stars where remains close to solar reflecting comparable production of r-process and alpha -capture elements |
finally we prove that the proximal point algorithm converges linearly to the unique solution when applied to | strongly | strongly convex | finally we prove that the proximal point algorithm converges linearly to the unique solution when applied to strongly star quasiconvex functions defined over closed star-shaped sets which are not necessarily convex |
102 250501 2009 proved that all entangled | states | entanglement entropy | 102 250501 2009 proved that all entangled states are useful for discrimination of quantum channels |
graph-theoretical mapping of resting-state | eeg | brain regions | graph-theoretical mapping of resting-state eeg reveals neural signatures of creativity |
this work advances this vision by identifying the fundamental principles of human ai collaboration within uncertainty quantification a key component of reliable | decision | artificial intelligence | this work advances this vision by identifying the fundamental principles of human ai collaboration within uncertainty quantification a key component of reliable decision making |
to solve this high-dimensional non-convex problem under uncertain channels we develop a deep | reinforcement | deep reinforcement learning | to solve this high-dimensional non-convex problem under uncertain channels we develop a deep reinforcement learning solution framework based on the proximal policy optimization ppo algorithm that integrates distribution-aware action modeling and a multi-branch actor network |
in this two-paper series we present a straightforward mathematical model for synthesizing quasar | absorption | absorption line | in this two-paper series we present a straightforward mathematical model for synthesizing quasar absorption line profiles from sight lines through idealized spatial-kinematic models of the circumgalactic medium cgm and their host galaxies |
these inferred thinking traces are applied to two complementary tasks 1 fine-tuning open llm | raters | thinking traces | these inferred thinking traces are applied to two complementary tasks 1 fine-tuning open llm raters and 2 synthesizing clearer annotation guidelines for proprietary llm raters |
while the parallel trends assumption is counterfactual and cannot be tested directly researchers often examine pre-treatment periods to check whether the time trends are | parallel | treatment effect | while the parallel trends assumption is counterfactual and cannot be tested directly researchers often examine pre-treatment periods to check whether the time trends are parallel before treatment is administered |
additionally we explore the use of pretrained | foundation | foundation models | additionally we explore the use of pretrained foundation models specifically ct-fm and radimagenet to extract image features which are then used with traditional classifiers |
first-order methods based on the pdhg algorithm have recently emerged as a viable option for efficiently solving large-scale linear | programming | quadratic programming | first-order methods based on the pdhg algorithm have recently emerged as a viable option for efficiently solving large-scale linear programming problems |
rather than discrete treatment parameters the framework characterizes treatment intensity as continuous functions tau mathbf x t over space-time enabling rigorous analysis of boundary evolution | spatial | spatial treatment | rather than discrete treatment parameters the framework characterizes treatment intensity as continuous functions tau mathbf x t over space-time enabling rigorous analysis of boundary evolution spatial gradients and cumulative exposure |
we establish the theoretical properties of shide including pointwise consistency bias-variance decomposition and asymptotic mise showing that shide attains the classical n -4 5 convergence | rate | convergence rate | we establish the theoretical properties of shide including pointwise consistency bias-variance decomposition and asymptotic mise showing that shide attains the classical n -4 5 convergence rate while mitigating boundary bias |
this represents a paradigm shift long-residence interstellar objects primarily reveal gcr-processed material rather than pristine | material | dark matter | this represents a paradigm shift long-residence interstellar objects primarily reveal gcr-processed material rather than pristine material representative of their primordial formation environments |
crucially this assumption has been used to prove that gd avoids saddle points and maxima and to establish the existence of a computable quantity that determines the | convergence | convergence guarantees | crucially this assumption has been used to prove that gd avoids saddle points and maxima and to establish the existence of a computable quantity that determines the convergence to global minima both for gd and stochastic gd |
rewards where the expected reward function is | multimodal | reward models | rewards where the expected reward function is multimodal with at most m modes |
finally simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scma-empowered ura scheme enjoys higher maximum throughput compared to the conventional orthogonal multiple | access | uplink communication | finally simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scma-empowered ura scheme enjoys higher maximum throughput compared to the conventional orthogonal multiple access oma based ura scheme |
in particular the gradient descent gd optimization | algorithm | gradient descent | in particular the gradient descent gd optimization algorithm has been extensively studied in recent years |
response length discrimination sycophancy and | conceptual | theoretical findings | response length discrimination sycophancy and conceptual bias which is a problem that has received increasing attention |
we revisit a recent algorithm in the literature and show that it does not have a | competitive | online algorithm | we revisit a recent algorithm in the literature and show that it does not have a competitive ratio of 2 as claimed by constructing a counterexample |
our system achieves accuracy increases of at least 16 on the synthetic csi dataset 20 on the in-lab csi dataset and 17 on the in-the-wild | csi | information csi | our system achieves accuracy increases of at least 16 on the synthetic csi dataset 20 on the in-lab csi dataset and 17 on the in-the-wild csi dataset |
to explain this surprising redundancy we develop a cross-evaluation protocol in which we apply each linear | decoder | dual encoder | to explain this surprising redundancy we develop a cross-evaluation protocol in which we apply each linear decoder operator to the subjects of every other relation |
we compare these models in terms of theoretical properties optimization strategies and empirical performance and discuss | applications | deep learning | we compare these models in terms of theoretical properties optimization strategies and empirical performance and discuss applications in fields such as computer vision natural language processing and bioinformatics |
we propose the first known computationally tractable algorithm for computing the solution to the graves-lai | optimization | minimax optimal | we propose the first known computationally tractable algorithm for computing the solution to the graves-lai optimization problem which in turn enables the implementation of asymptotically optimal algorithms for this bandit problem |
furthermore the moving mass dynamics are expressed as an extension to the manoeuvring model for | underwater | underwater vehicles | furthermore the moving mass dynamics are expressed as an extension to the manoeuvring model for underwater vehicles originally introduced by fossen 1991 |
surprisingly the pa agrees well with monte carlo simulations on some empirical networks even small ones highlighting its potential as a computationally efficient bridge between individual decision-making and | collective | collective action | surprisingly the pa agrees well with monte carlo simulations on some empirical networks even small ones highlighting its potential as a computationally efficient bridge between individual decision-making and collective actions |
5 kv while the field-plate pt 011 b eta -ga2o3 sbds achieved an increased | breakdown | breakdown voltage | 5 kv while the field-plate pt 011 b eta -ga2o3 sbds achieved an increased breakdown voltage of 2 |
our results strongly suggest the role of predictive learning as a guiding | principle | predictive processing | our results strongly suggest the role of predictive learning as a guiding principle for effective representation learning in agents navigating partial observability |
in this work we investigate how and at which stage | value | training data | in this work we investigate how and at which stage value alignment arises during the course of a model s post-training |
we present brain-it a brain-inspired approach that addresses this challenge through a brain interaction transformer bit allowing effective | interactions | brain-computer interface | we present brain-it a brain-inspired approach that addresses this challenge through a brain interaction transformer bit allowing effective interactions between clusters of functionally-similar brain-voxels |
such models rely on key assumptions about the underlying process in order to enable faithful learning of governing | dynamics | world models | such models rely on key assumptions about the underlying process in order to enable faithful learning of governing dynamics that mimic the actual system behavior |
for approximate matching we develop randomized algorithms to show that 1 | epsilon | approximation guarantee | for approximate matching we develop randomized algorithms to show that 1 epsilon -approximate matching in regular graphs is truly local i |
these nns remain fixed across varying power system structures and parameters and are repeatedly shared within each system instance defined by these variations thereby enabling the generalization of the neural stability descriptor across a class of | power | power systems | these nns remain fixed across varying power system structures and parameters and are repeatedly shared within each system instance defined by these variations thereby enabling the generalization of the neural stability descriptor across a class of power systems |
we thus confirm that adaptive higher-order methods achieve superlinear convergence for certain degenerate problems as long as p is large enough and provide sharp bounds on the order of | convergence | first-order methods | we thus confirm that adaptive higher-order methods achieve superlinear convergence for certain degenerate problems as long as p is large enough and provide sharp bounds on the order of convergence one can expect in the limit |
our results demonstrate that a modified monte carlo-based approach significantly outperforms traditional q-learning and two exhaustive search patterns illustrating its potential in adapting | rl | reinforcement learning | our results demonstrate that a modified monte carlo-based approach significantly outperforms traditional q-learning and two exhaustive search patterns illustrating its potential in adapting rl to complex environments |
there has been a surge of recent interest in automatically | learning | policy learning | there has been a surge of recent interest in automatically learning policies to target treatment decisions based on rich individual covariates |
quantum gated recurrent gan with gaussian uncertainty for network | anomaly | anomaly detection | quantum gated recurrent gan with gaussian uncertainty for network anomaly detection |
we propose a novel embodied agent framework for robots which comprises a human-robot voice interaction module a | vision-language | vision-language models | we propose a novel embodied agent framework for robots which comprises a human-robot voice interaction module a vision-language agent module and an action execution module |
these limitations are particularly apparent in real-life | driving | motion planning | these limitations are particularly apparent in real-life driving scenarios where state-of-the-art algorithms struggle to safely or reliably complete overtaking manoeuvres |
that can handle only 10 6-7 photons s whereas sources may easily produce 10 10-13 | photons | quantum emitters | that can handle only 10 6-7 photons s whereas sources may easily produce 10 10-13 photons s or more if properly designed |
we robustify our test both against this term and finite sample | bias | randomized experiments | we robustify our test both against this term and finite sample bias and illustrate its excellent performance and practical relevance in a monte carlo study and a real data empirical example |
we present a systematic analysis of estimation errors for a | class | density estimation | we present a systematic analysis of estimation errors for a class of optimal transport based algorithms for filtering and data assimilation |
pulse-level quantum programs can be fully described with only three low-level abstractions ports input output | channels | quantum channels | pulse-level quantum programs can be fully described with only three low-level abstractions ports input output channels frames reference signals and waveforms pulse envelopes |
an n 1 -bit toffoli gate is mainly utilized to construct other quantum gates and operators such as fredkin | gates | -bit toffoli gates | an n 1 -bit toffoli gate is mainly utilized to construct other quantum gates and operators such as fredkin gates arithmetical adders and logical comparators where n geq 2 |
to address this we leverage a suite of representational similarity metrics-each capturing a distinct facet of representational correspondence such as geometry unit-level tuning or linear decodability-and assess brain region or model separability using | multiple | brain regions | to address this we leverage a suite of representational similarity metrics-each capturing a distinct facet of representational correspondence such as geometry unit-level tuning or linear decodability-and assess brain region or model separability using multiple complementary measures |
our work provides a scalable method to overcome a measurement bottleneck in cognitive science and demonstrates that | foundation | foundation models | our work provides a scalable method to overcome a measurement bottleneck in cognitive science and demonstrates that foundation models can learn a representational geometry that is functionally relevant for modeling key aspects of human cognition such as categorization |
object-context shortcuts remain a persistent challenge in | vision-language | vision-language models | object-context shortcuts remain a persistent challenge in vision-language models undermining zero-shot reliability when test-time scenes differ from familiar training co-occurrences |
learning-based blockage-resilient beam training in | near-field | near-field beam | learning-based blockage-resilient beam training in near-field terahertz communications |
we test our method in a grid with two interconnecting points and analyze the properties of the resulting high-dimensional for from a | power | power systems | we test our method in a grid with two interconnecting points and analyze the properties of the resulting high-dimensional for from a power systems perspective |
the spatial distribution of optical and far-infrared fir emission | lines | emission line | the spatial distribution of optical and far-infrared fir emission lines differs in morphology likely resulting from different critical densities and inhomogeneous density distributions within the galaxy |
recent large language model llm research has undergone an architectural shift from encoder-decoder | modeling | large language | recent large language model llm research has undergone an architectural shift from encoder-decoder modeling to nowadays the dominant decoder-only modeling |
point convergence of nesterov s accelerated | gradient | superlinear convergence | point convergence of nesterov s accelerated gradient method an ai-assisted proof |
in this paper we propose a strong baseline basicavsr for avsr by integrating four key components 1 adaptive multi-scale frequency priors generated from image laplacian pyramids 2 a flow-guided propagation unit to aggregate spatiotemporal information from adjacent frames 3 a second-order motion compensation unit for mor... | unit | image fusion | in this paper we propose a strong baseline basicavsr for avsr by integrating four key components 1 adaptive multi-scale frequency priors generated from image laplacian pyramids 2 a flow-guided propagation unit to aggregate spatiotemporal information from adjacent frames 3 a second-order motion compensation unit for mor... |
evontree ontology rule-guided self-evolution of large | language | language models | evontree ontology rule-guided self-evolution of large language models |
to realize this vision we introduce asynchronous thinking asyncthink as a new paradigm of reasoning with large language models which organizes the internal | thinking | reasoning capabilities | to realize this vision we introduce asynchronous thinking asyncthink as a new paradigm of reasoning with large language models which organizes the internal thinking process into concurrently executable structures |
we introduce debate2create d2c a framework in which large | language | vision-language models vlms | we introduce debate2create d2c a framework in which large language model llm agents engage in a structured dialectical debate to jointly optimize a robot s design and its reward function |
transient thermoreflectance measurements show that thermal conductivity thc of the | aln | aln buffer | transient thermoreflectance measurements show that thermal conductivity thc of the aln buffer increases with the thickness reaching 188 w m |
a three-dimensional reconstruction of the | interstellar | interstellar medium | a three-dimensional reconstruction of the interstellar magnetic field toward a star-forming region |
our extensive evaluation demonstrates that our approach can localize within 200m more than 68 of queries of a | dataset | real-world datasets | our extensive evaluation demonstrates that our approach can localize within 200m more than 68 of queries of a dataset covering a large part of europe |
estimating causal effects of spatially structured exposures is complicated by unmeasured spatial confounders which undermine identifiability in spatial linear regression models unless | structural | causal inference | estimating causal effects of spatially structured exposures is complicated by unmeasured spatial confounders which undermine identifiability in spatial linear regression models unless structural assumptions are imposed |
determining the precise geographic location of an | image | local calibration | determining the precise geographic location of an image at a global scale remains an unsolved challenge |
ai agents perform near the floor on rli with the highest-performing | agent | llm agents | ai agents perform near the floor on rli with the highest-performing agent achieving an automation rate of 2 |
this study experimentally tested whether short-term exposure to narrow ai tools enhances core | cognitive | ai agents | this study experimentally tested whether short-term exposure to narrow ai tools enhances core cognitive abilities or simply optimizes task performance |
this study bridges the gap between the two approaches by showing that both are based on essentially the same | optimization | learning algorithm | this study bridges the gap between the two approaches by showing that both are based on essentially the same optimization problem |
contrary to the static case where the analogy between | phylogenetic | phylogenetic diversity | contrary to the static case where the analogy between phylogenetic trees and the tree that grows in soil is drawn our framework shows that the living tree of life is analogous to a cantor dust where each branch is a distinct fractal curve |
these results obtained with a hybrid density | functional | density functional | these results obtained with a hybrid density functional improve on previously published results using local and semi-local functionals which are known to underestimate the band gap |
our results provide 2 mathcal o k n mathcal o 1 time and n | mathcal | polynomial time | our results provide 2 mathcal o k n mathcal o 1 time and n mathcal o 1 space algorithms for problems for which the existence of such algorithms was previously unknown |
the second-order stark shift exceeds 10 ghz which is of the same order of magnitude as the 15 ghz inhomogeneous distribution of siv - observed in emitters embedded in optical nanostructures such as | photonic | photonic crystal | the second-order stark shift exceeds 10 ghz which is of the same order of magnitude as the 15 ghz inhomogeneous distribution of siv - observed in emitters embedded in optical nanostructures such as photonic crystal nanocavities |
to address these shortcomings we propose scout scenario coverage oversight and understanding tool a lightweight surrogate model designed to predict scenario coverage labels directly from an | agent | learning agents | to address these shortcomings we propose scout scenario coverage oversight and understanding tool a lightweight surrogate model designed to predict scenario coverage labels directly from an agent s latent sensor representations |
a unified theory for causal inference direct debiased | machine | machine learning | a unified theory for causal inference direct debiased machine learning via bregman-riesz regression |
nevertheless limitations remain in fully reproducing the rise and decline of the bright quasar population over cosmic time and in matching the black hole | masses | black hole mass | nevertheless limitations remain in fully reproducing the rise and decline of the bright quasar population over cosmic time and in matching the black hole masses inferred from quasar spectra |
these insights are then consolidated into a set of | future | findings highlight | these insights are then consolidated into a set of future research directions |
contextual inference facilitates the creation learning and reuse of low-rank rnn components as new tasks are introduced sequentially enabling | continual | recurrent neural | contextual inference facilitates the creation learning and reuse of low-rank rnn components as new tasks are introduced sequentially enabling continual learning without catastrophic forgetting |
evaluation with a human-aligned gpt-judge and a user study with 108 students shows that 8b-scribe models achieve comparable or | superior | evaluation metrics | evaluation with a human-aligned gpt-judge and a user study with 108 students shows that 8b-scribe models achieve comparable or superior quality to much larger models in key dimensions such as relevance and actionability while being perceived on par with gpt-4o and llama-3 |
visual prompt tuning vpt of pre-trained vision | transformers | vision transformers | visual prompt tuning vpt of pre-trained vision transformers vits has proven highly effective as a parameter-efficient fine-tuning technique for adapting large models to downstream tasks with limited data |
from zonal to nodal capacity expansion planning | spatial | expansion planning | from zonal to nodal capacity expansion planning spatial aggregation impacts on a realistic test-case |
the received pilot signals are preprocessed and passed through a cnn-based feature extractor followed by a gpt-2 model that captures temporal dependencies across multiple frames and directly predicts the near-field | beam | near-field beam | the received pilot signals are preprocessed and passed through a cnn-based feature extractor followed by a gpt-2 model that captures temporal dependencies across multiple frames and directly predicts the near-field beam index in an end-to-end manner |
we also prove general lower bounds for k 3 every nonadaptive tester requires omega n queries and every adaptive tester requires omega sqrt n queries yielding the first super-logarithmic | lower | lower bound | we also prove general lower bounds for k 3 every nonadaptive tester requires omega n queries and every adaptive tester requires omega sqrt n queries yielding the first super-logarithmic lower bounds for pi -freeness |
we empirically demonstrate that these human mobility network localities are rigorous geometric entities that map directly to geographic localities revealing that human | mobility | scale-free networks | we empirically demonstrate that these human mobility network localities are rigorous geometric entities that map directly to geographic localities revealing that human mobility networks lie on manifolds of dimension 5 |
uplink scma-empowered uncoordinated random | access | uplink communication | uplink scma-empowered uncoordinated random access for future mmtc |
however most neural datasets contain heterogeneous populations that mix stable predictable cells with highly stochastic stimulus-contingent ones which has made it hard to identify consistent activity | patterns | brain activity | however most neural datasets contain heterogeneous populations that mix stable predictable cells with highly stochastic stimulus-contingent ones which has made it hard to identify consistent activity patterns during ssl |
aisp applies the gaussian perturbation into pre-logits which are outputs of the penultimate layer so as to maximize expected | rewards | reward density | aisp applies the gaussian perturbation into pre-logits which are outputs of the penultimate layer so as to maximize expected rewards with respect to the mean of the perturbation |
2024 develops riesz regression for automatic | debiased | debiased machine learning | 2024 develops riesz regression for automatic debiased machine learning which directly estimates the riesz representer or equivalently the bias-correction term by minimizing the mean squared error |
spg-cdenet spatial prior-guided cross dual | encoder | cross dual encoder network | spg-cdenet spatial prior-guided cross dual encoder network for multi-organ segmentation |
overcoming this challenge advances key applications such as creating reliable reward models for | reinforcement | reinforcement learning | overcoming this challenge advances key applications such as creating reliable reward models for reinforcement learning from human feedback rlhf and building effective routing systems that select the best-suited model for a given user query |
empirical results across several domains show that our | algorithms | computational cost | empirical results across several domains show that our algorithms substantially reduce training costs without sacrificing prediction accuracy demonstrating the practical value of our budget-aware deferral algorithms |
here we investigate the connection between | ola | ola vectors | here we investigate the connection between ola vectors and the maximum acyclic agreement forest maaf problem |
when multiple distinct prngs are presented together during training the model can jointly learn them identifying structures from | different | generative models | when multiple distinct prngs are presented together during training the model can jointly learn them identifying structures from different permutations |
our results suggest a geometric foundation for randomness and open the door to an | equivalence | theoretical guarantees | our results suggest a geometric foundation for randomness and open the door to an equivalence principle for information |
benchmarking quantum key distribution by mixing single | photons | single photons | benchmarking quantum key distribution by mixing single photons and laser light |
sensitivity analysis for treatment effects in | difference-in-differences | treatment effect | sensitivity analysis for treatment effects in difference-in-differences models using riesz representation |
this fully demonstrates the advantages of this | generative | image generation | this fully demonstrates the advantages of this generative image fusion method drawing inspiration from human cognition in enhancing structural consistency and detail quality |
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