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we explore the fate of different strategies under sustained environmental | change | environmental change | we explore the fate of different strategies under sustained environmental change by considering a mathematical model for a large population of asexual organisms |
we formalize the concept of treatment effect | boundaries | treatment effect | we formalize the concept of treatment effect boundaries as structural parameters characterizing regime transitions where causal effects cease to operate |
one recurring problem in this task is the weaknesses found in some detectors such as the difficulty in detecting | loose | incident detection | one recurring problem in this task is the weaknesses found in some detectors such as the difficulty in detecting loose edges and the lack of context to extract relevant information from specific problems |
finally we outline open problems in the field and present a roadmap for integrating tf-qkd into scalable quantum | networks | quantum dot | finally we outline open problems in the field and present a roadmap for integrating tf-qkd into scalable quantum networks underscoring its central role in the future quantum internet |
structural characterization using atomic force and scanning | electron | electron microscopy | structural characterization using atomic force and scanning electron microscopy is complemented by fluorescence imaging and kelvin probe force microscopy confirming that aqueous solutions fill and remain stably retained within the nanochannels for periods exceeding 10 hours |
remarkably however we show that if the system is stabilizable then using this as prior knowledge leads to necessary and sufficient conditions that are weaker than those for data-driven | stabilization | data-driven stabilization | remarkably however we show that if the system is stabilizable then using this as prior knowledge leads to necessary and sufficient conditions that are weaker than those for data-driven stabilization without prior knowledge |
experiments show that rpd-selected training yields more varied outputs and | higher | reward density | experiments show that rpd-selected training yields more varied outputs and higher pass k with an average 2 |
thus as a prerequisite for the successful implementation of numerous | isac | communication isac | thus as a prerequisite for the successful implementation of numerous isac use cases the need for an optimal angular estimation of targets and their separation based on the minimal number of angular samples arises |
2 we further show that other common queries currently supported in o log log n time and o delta t log o 1 n space including the burrows-wheeler transform bwt permuted longest common prefix plcp array last-to-first lf inverse lf lexicographic predecessor phi and inverse phi | queries | query complexity | 2 we further show that other common queries currently supported in o log log n time and o delta t log o 1 n space including the burrows-wheeler transform bwt permuted longest common prefix plcp array last-to-first lf inverse lf lexicographic predecessor phi and inverse phi queries all require omega log log n time yield... |
we hope these findings motivate a broader reconsideration of precision trade-offs in | rl | reinforcement learning rl | we hope these findings motivate a broader reconsideration of precision trade-offs in rl fine-tuning |
additionally the analysis in this work relies on verification of | robot | dynamic obstacles | additionally the analysis in this work relies on verification of robot behaviors using fundamental robot-obstacle experimental scenarios |
hybrid consistency policy decoupling multi-modal diversity and real-time efficiency in | robotic | robotic manipulation | hybrid consistency policy decoupling multi-modal diversity and real-time efficiency in robotic manipulation |
nonparametric identification of spatial treatment effect | boundaries | effect boundaries | nonparametric identification of spatial treatment effect boundaries evidence from bank branch consolidation |
neyman targeted estimation also yields tmle as a special | case | maximum likelihood | neyman targeted estimation also yields tmle as a special case for regression function estimation |
lastly we apply inputdsa to neural data recorded from rats performing a | cognitive | fmri data | lastly we apply inputdsa to neural data recorded from rats performing a cognitive task demonstrating that it identifies a transition from input-driven evidence accumulation to intrinsically-driven decision-making |
first technology adoption exhibits strong exponential geographic decay with spatial | decay | spatial decay | first technology adoption exhibits strong exponential geographic decay with spatial decay rate kappa approx 0 |
an optimal solution can be found with a greedy algorithm steel systematic biology 2005 pardi and goldman plos | genetics | population genetics | an optimal solution can be found with a greedy algorithm steel systematic biology 2005 pardi and goldman plos genetics 2005 |
here we compare three different ar navigation aids on-screen compass on-screen radar and in-world vertical arrows in a wide-area outdoor user study n 24 where participants search for hidden virtual target items amongst | physical | mobile ar | here we compare three different ar navigation aids on-screen compass on-screen radar and in-world vertical arrows in a wide-area outdoor user study n 24 where participants search for hidden virtual target items amongst physical and virtual objects |
cross-lingual alignment cla aims to align | multilingual | large language | cross-lingual alignment cla aims to align multilingual representations enabling large language models llms to seamlessly transfer knowledge across languages |
neural networks are parametric and powerful tools for function approximation and the choice of architecture | heavily | deep learning | neural networks are parametric and powerful tools for function approximation and the choice of architecture heavily influences their interpretability efficiency and generalization |
unsupervised learning is therefore a natural approach for exploring the design of | biological | receptive fields | unsupervised learning is therefore a natural approach for exploring the design of biological neural networks and their computations |
an analogous relaxation in the lower energy singlet state using spin purified | atomic | molecular dynamics | an analogous relaxation in the lower energy singlet state using spin purified atomic forces is estimated to be 0 |
nature access is increasingly recognised as a public | health | public health | nature access is increasingly recognised as a public health and equity imperative yet cities lack standardised ways to measure who benefits from green infrastructure |
for a graph g the parameter treedepth measures the minimum depth among all forests f called elimination | forests | tree edit | for a graph g the parameter treedepth measures the minimum depth among all forests f called elimination forests such that g is a subgraph of the ancestor-descendant closure of f |
the efficacy of our approach is demonstrated through simulation studies of two challenging interactive scenarios an unregulated intersection crossing and a highway | lane | collision avoidance | the efficacy of our approach is demonstrated through simulation studies of two challenging interactive scenarios an unregulated intersection crossing and a highway lane change in dense traffic |
we propose explicit measurement sequences that can be readily implemented in systems such as | trapped | trapped ions | we propose explicit measurement sequences that can be readily implemented in systems such as trapped ions |
for calibration guarantees that fall short of decision calibration the | minimax | minimax optimal | for calibration guarantees that fall short of decision calibration the minimax optimal decision rule is still efficiently computable and we provide an empirical evaluation of a natural one that applies to any regression model solved to optimize squared error |
yet an important question still remains are | video | video generation | yet an important question still remains are video models ready to serve as zero-shot reasoners in challenging visual reasoning scenarios |
using multidimensional scaling we recover low-dimensional psychological spaces and find that their axes show a strong correspondence with the principal | axes | higher-order visual | using multidimensional scaling we recover low-dimensional psychological spaces and find that their axes show a strong correspondence with the principal axes of human perceptual space |
initially the global income distribution exhibited a bimodal pattern however the growth of middle classes in highly populated countries such as china and india has driven the transition to a unimodal | distribution | income distribution | initially the global income distribution exhibited a bimodal pattern however the growth of middle classes in highly populated countries such as china and india has driven the transition to a unimodal distribution in recent years |
anomalies are identified through a novel gating mechanism that initially flags potential | anomalies | anomaly detection | anomalies are identified through a novel gating mechanism that initially flags potential anomalies based on gaussian uncertainty estimates and subsequently verifies them using a composite of critic scores and reconstruction errors |
based on our characterization we design a policy optimization algorithm that uses machine learning to predict counterfactual outcomes and then plugs in these predictions to estimate the pareto frontier then the decision-maker can select the policy that optimizes their desired tradeoff after which | policy | policy learning | based on our characterization we design a policy optimization algorithm that uses machine learning to predict counterfactual outcomes and then plugs in these predictions to estimate the pareto frontier then the decision-maker can select the policy that optimizes their desired tradeoff after which policy evaluation can ... |
the phase transition is quite robust and becomes progressively conspicuous in the limit of large population size where deterministic | evolutionary | evolutionary dynamics | the phase transition is quite robust and becomes progressively conspicuous in the limit of large population size where deterministic evolutionary game dynamics viz |
post-training of large language models llms is crucial for unlocking their task generalization | potential | llm post-training | post-training of large language models llms is crucial for unlocking their task generalization potential and domain-specific capabilities |
to overcome the challenge of obtaining clean diverse and suitable training data we leverage pre-trained vision-and-language models | vlms | language models | to overcome the challenge of obtaining clean diverse and suitable training data we leverage pre-trained vision-and-language models vlms in a training-free approach called basic |
viewing llms as implicit repositories of human knowledge we propose evontree a novel framework that leverages a small set of high-quality ontology rules to systematically extract validate and enhance domain | knowledge | large language models llms | viewing llms as implicit repositories of human knowledge we propose evontree a novel framework that leverages a small set of high-quality ontology rules to systematically extract validate and enhance domain knowledge within llms without requiring extensive external datasets |
next from w we define the operator v which gives the frequency distribution of | genetic | population genetics | next from w we define the operator v which gives the frequency distribution of genetic types |
inferring causal relationships between variable pairs in the observational study is crucial but challenging due to the presence of | unmeasured | causal effects | inferring causal relationships between variable pairs in the observational study is crucial but challenging due to the presence of unmeasured confounding |
a unified theory for causal inference direct | debiased | debiased machine | a unified theory for causal inference direct debiased machine learning via bregman-riesz regression |
simulations reveal diverse emergent behaviors such as prey dispersal and regrouping oscillatory predation with | collective | ecological communities | simulations reveal diverse emergent behaviors such as prey dispersal and regrouping oscillatory predation with collective defense and predator encirclement |
quantum enhanced dark-matter search with entangled fock | states | quantum dot | quantum enhanced dark-matter search with entangled fock states in high-quality cavities |
we show here that in models equipped with a learning rule inferred from neurobiological data spurious | overlaps | continual learning | we show here that in models equipped with a learning rule inferred from neurobiological data spurious overlaps collectively reduce the mean synaptic inputs to neurons and that this mean reduction causes in turn an increase in storage capacity through a sparsening of network activity |
to tackle this challenge we propose braincognizer a novel brain decoding model inspired by human visual | cognition | brain decoding | to tackle this challenge we propose braincognizer a novel brain decoding model inspired by human visual cognition which explores multi-level semantics and correlations without fine-tuning of generative models |
in the algorithmic kolmogorov view agents are programs that track and compress | sensory | predictive processing | in the algorithmic kolmogorov view agents are programs that track and compress sensory streams using generative programs |
while many real scale-free networks are known to contain shorter loops such as triangles it remains to investigate the distributions of longer | loops | scale-free networks | while many real scale-free networks are known to contain shorter loops such as triangles it remains to investigate the distributions of longer loops in more wide class of networks |
finally we analyze the generalization performance of a gradient-based | meta-reinforcement | reinforcement learning | finally we analyze the generalization performance of a gradient-based meta-reinforcement learning algorithm |
we analyze a model where the mlp comprises two layers with the first layer trained via a single gradient step and the second | layer | neural network | we analyze a model where the mlp comprises two layers with the first layer trained via a single gradient step and the second layer fully optimized |
our benchmark results reflect general improvements of recommender systems on the public | datasets | preference data | our benchmark results reflect general improvements of recommender systems on the public datasets with variable individual performances |
we focus on the efficiency of building tree | embedding | spanning trees | we focus on the efficiency of building tree embedding in various computational settings under high-dimensional euclidean mathbb r d |
resmatching noise-resilient computational super-resolution via guided conditional | flow | optical flow | resmatching noise-resilient computational super-resolution via guided conditional flow matching |
while extensive progress has been made for one-dimensional strings many real-world | datasets | real-world datasets | while extensive progress has been made for one-dimensional strings many real-world datasets such as images maps and adjacency matrices are inherently two-dimensional and highly compressible |
our findings reveal that while current video models demonstrate promising reasoning patterns on short-horizon spatial coherence fine-grained grounding and locally consistent dynamics they remain limited in long-horizon causal | reasoning | mathematical reasoning | our findings reveal that while current video models demonstrate promising reasoning patterns on short-horizon spatial coherence fine-grained grounding and locally consistent dynamics they remain limited in long-horizon causal reasoning strict geometric constraints and abstract logic |
we show that if the system is controllable then incorporating this as prior knowledge does not relax the | conditions | optimal control | we show that if the system is controllable then incorporating this as prior knowledge does not relax the conditions required for data-driven stabilization |
we opt to model human driver decisions as a markov decision process and propose a method for handling | collision | collision avoidance | we opt to model human driver decisions as a markov decision process and propose a method for handling collision avoidance between non-convex vehicle shapes by imposing a positive distance constraint between compact sets |
the intermittent nature of renewable power availability is one of the major sources of uncertainty in | power | power systems | the intermittent nature of renewable power availability is one of the major sources of uncertainty in power systems |
preliminary numerical experiments on synthetic datasets and real-world quadratic | programming | quadratic programming | preliminary numerical experiments on synthetic datasets and real-world quadratic programming problems in portfolio optimization demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed algorithm |
building on this insight we propose attncache a framework that accelerates the prefill stage of llm | inference | models llms | building on this insight we propose attncache a framework that accelerates the prefill stage of llm inference by retrieving and reusing similar attention maps |
our method constructs a language model graph that maps relationships between models from the semantic coherence of pairwise conversations and then applies community detection to identify | synergistic | language agents | our method constructs a language model graph that maps relationships between models from the semantic coherence of pairwise conversations and then applies community detection to identify synergistic model clusters |
the system integrates advanced computer vision robotic control and real-time | stabilization | data-driven stabilization | the system integrates advanced computer vision robotic control and real-time stabilization technologies via a multi-sensor fusion approach |
driven by the essential components of tool usage - grasping the desired outcome selecting the most suitable tool determining optimal | tool | robotic manipulation | driven by the essential components of tool usage - grasping the desired outcome selecting the most suitable tool determining optimal tool orientation and executing precise manipulations - we introduce a pioneering framework |
the study of complex systems has attracted widespread attention from researchers in the fields of natural sciences | social | complex systems | the study of complex systems has attracted widespread attention from researchers in the fields of natural sciences social sciences and engineering |
recent alignment techniques such as reinforcement learning from human feedback have been widely adopted to align large language models with human preferences by learning and leveraging | reward | reward models | recent alignment techniques such as reinforcement learning from human feedback have been widely adopted to align large language models with human preferences by learning and leveraging reward models |
these results deepen the understanding of adaptive decision-making in spatial | ecology | ecological communities | these results deepen the understanding of adaptive decision-making in spatial ecology linking cognitive complexity to ecosystem resilience and extinction risk |
averaging the hamiltonian over the inner orbit we find that magnetic tides introduce new resonances absent at lower | order | tidal field | averaging the hamiltonian over the inner orbit we find that magnetic tides introduce new resonances absent at lower order leading to additional eccentricity excitations and significantly modifying the binary s long-term evolution |
this survey provides an analysis of current methodologies integrating legal and logical specifications into the perception prediction and planning modules of automated | driving | autonomous driving | this survey provides an analysis of current methodologies integrating legal and logical specifications into the perception prediction and planning modules of automated driving systems |
our approach reconciles local heterogeneity with universal representation offering a new pathway toward a more comprehensive | urban | urban systems | our approach reconciles local heterogeneity with universal representation offering a new pathway toward a more comprehensive urban science |
this paper presents a novel approach to formulating the actor-critic method for optimal | control | predictive control | this paper presents a novel approach to formulating the actor-critic method for optimal control by casting policy iteration in reproducing kernel hilbert spaces rkhss -- also known as native spaces |
humans possess spatial reasoning abilities that enable them to understand spaces through | multimodal | spatial reasoning | humans possess spatial reasoning abilities that enable them to understand spaces through multimodal observations such as vision and sound |
to overcome these limitations we propose a novel multiplicative update proximal | gradient | gradient descent | to overcome these limitations we propose a novel multiplicative update proximal gradient algorithm sso-pga with convergence guarantees which is designed for robustness in non-negative inverse problems |
we establish coverage guarantees under two sets of assumptions exact finite-sample validity under exchangeability relevant for cross-sectional data and asymptotic | validity | external validity | we establish coverage guarantees under two sets of assumptions exact finite-sample validity under exchangeability relevant for cross-sectional data and asymptotic validity under stationarity relevant for time-series data |
soliton interaction and bound state formation in coupled | kerr | kerr rotation | soliton interaction and bound state formation in coupled kerr resonators |
finally our theoretical findings are validated by extensive | numerical | theoretical findings | finally our theoretical findings are validated by extensive numerical results |
understanding the encoding and decoding mechanisms of | dynamic | higher-order visual | understanding the encoding and decoding mechanisms of dynamic neural responses to different visual stimuli is an important topic in exploring how the brain represents visual information |
however problems in rendering can create sensorimotor disruptions that undermine presence and | task | task performance | however problems in rendering can create sensorimotor disruptions that undermine presence and task performance |
we find that some configurations preserve or even improve | multilingual | large language | we find that some configurations preserve or even improve multilingual retrieval robustness despite halving model size but others fail to maintain cross-task stability exposing design-sensitive trade-offs that aggregate accuracy alone does not reveal |
jogs joint optimization of pose estimation and 3d | gaussian | gaussian splatting | jogs joint optimization of pose estimation and 3d gaussian splatting |
the main difficulties to treat such problems are the lack of smoothing properties of the linear part of the hjb equation the presence of unbounded | control | optimal control | the main difficulties to treat such problems are the lack of smoothing properties of the linear part of the hjb equation the presence of unbounded control operators the presence of state-dependent costs |
a three-stage bayesian transfer learning framework to improve | predictions | policy learning | a three-stage bayesian transfer learning framework to improve predictions in data-scarce domains |
together our results show that sparse input synergizes with sequence-generating dynamics providing both a mechanistic account of place cell sequences in the mammalian hippocampus and a simple inductive bias for | reinforcement | reinforcement learning | together our results show that sparse input synergizes with sequence-generating dynamics providing both a mechanistic account of place cell sequences in the mammalian hippocampus and a simple inductive bias for reinforcement learning based on sparse egocentric inputs in navigation tasks |
scalable predictive processing framework for multitask | caregiving | predictive processing | scalable predictive processing framework for multitask caregiving robots |
in the human brain the allowed patterns of activity are constrained by the | correlations | fmri data | in the human brain the allowed patterns of activity are constrained by the correlations between brain regions |
the presence of occlusions has provided substantial challenges to typically-powerful | object | computer vision | the presence of occlusions has provided substantial challenges to typically-powerful object recognition algorithms |
bridging the gap between empirical welfare maximization and conditional average treatment effect estimation in | policy | policy learning | bridging the gap between empirical welfare maximization and conditional average treatment effect estimation in policy learning |
this paper explores how we can leverage ai to | improve | ai agents | this paper explores how we can leverage ai to improve the quality of human oversight |
we also demonstrate that the inter-layer magnetic coupling in these materials can be tuned by strain | enabling | quantum materials | we also demonstrate that the inter-layer magnetic coupling in these materials can be tuned by strain enabling the switching between the ahe and the axionic states |
newton s method may exhibit slower convergence than vanilla | gradient | accelerated gradient | newton s method may exhibit slower convergence than vanilla gradient descent in its initial phase on strongly convex problems |
nearly all fundamental queries can currently be efficiently supported in o delta t log o 1 n space where delta t is the substring complexity a strong compressibility measure that lower-bounds the optimal | space | compressed indexing | nearly all fundamental queries can currently be efficiently supported in o delta t log o 1 n space where delta t is the substring complexity a strong compressibility measure that lower-bounds the optimal space to represent the text kociumaka navarro prezza ieee trans |
trajectory planning for mobile robots in cluttered | environments | dynamic obstacles | trajectory planning for mobile robots in cluttered environments remains a major challenge due to narrow passages where conventional methods often fail or generate suboptimal paths |
fully programmable plasmonic pt-symmetric dimer with epsilon near zero and phase-change materials for | integrated | integrated photonics | fully programmable plasmonic pt-symmetric dimer with epsilon near zero and phase-change materials for integrated photonics |
we believe that this work outlines a significant route for next-generation programmable photonics delivering subwavelength confinement energy-efficient operation and high-dimensional optical reconfigurability within an | integrated | integrated photonics | we believe that this work outlines a significant route for next-generation programmable photonics delivering subwavelength confinement energy-efficient operation and high-dimensional optical reconfigurability within an integrated scalable and manufacturable platform |
for task assignment we present two multi-objective algorithms non-dominated sorting | genetic | genetic algorithm | for task assignment we present two multi-objective algorithms non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm nsga and adaptive large neighborhood search alns |
learning to generalize in evolution through | annealed | population genetics | learning to generalize in evolution through annealed population heterogeneity |
however its potential is constrained by the difficulty of acquiring accurate user-to-ris channel state information csi due to the cascaded | channel | channel state | however its potential is constrained by the difficulty of acquiring accurate user-to-ris channel state information csi due to the cascaded channel structure and the high pilot overhead of non-parametric methods |
this includes the energy of the excited triplet as well as the two lowest singlet states with respect to the | ground | ground state | this includes the energy of the excited triplet as well as the two lowest singlet states with respect to the ground triplet state |
however when a food web representing predator-prey relationships is given finding a set of species that optimizes phylogenetic diversity subject to the condition that each saved species should be able to find | food | food web | however when a food web representing predator-prey relationships is given finding a set of species that optimizes phylogenetic diversity subject to the condition that each saved species should be able to find food among the preserved species is np-hard spillner et al |
single-light-pulse driven compact atom interferometry with | measurement | atom interferometry | single-light-pulse driven compact atom interferometry with measurement induced large momentum transfer |
we present a parallel algorithm for computing 1 | epsilon | -approximation algorithm | we present a parallel algorithm for computing 1 epsilon -approximate mincost flow on an undirected graph with m edges where capacities and costs are assigned to both edges and vertices |
we then use this idea to find overlooked critical numbers in past studies of | collective | human disturbance | we then use this idea to find overlooked critical numbers in past studies of collective behavior and explore the implications for their conclusions |
the interplay between the accretion of supermassive black | holes | black hole mass | the interplay between the accretion of supermassive black holes smbhs and the stellar mass growth of the host galaxies is still a matter of hot debate |
presence is typically assessed with post-hoc questionnaires but their coarse temporal resolution limits insight into how sensorimotor | disruptions | sensorimotor disruptions | presence is typically assessed with post-hoc questionnaires but their coarse temporal resolution limits insight into how sensorimotor disruptions shape user experience |
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