prompt stringlengths 41 511 | target stringlengths 1 25 | keyword stringclasses 697
values | full_sentence stringlengths 48 1.25k |
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infoflow reinforcing search agent via reward | density | reward density | infoflow reinforcing search agent via reward density optimization |
in the presence of disturbances this improvement idea renders inverse optimal issf | controllers | predictive control | in the presence of disturbances this improvement idea renders inverse optimal issf controllers robust to gain variations with the same gain margin of 1 2 inf |
our findings provide actionable insights into how values are learned during | post-training | training data | our findings provide actionable insights into how values are learned during post-training and help to inform data curation as well as the selection of models and algorithms for preference optimization to improve model alignment to human values |
nonetheless this approach typically assumes a deterministic | payoff | game theory | nonetheless this approach typically assumes a deterministic payoff structure for social interactions |
using a statistically significant sample of milky way- and andromeda-like mw m31 analogs from the high-resolution tng50 | cosmological | galaxy cgm | using a statistically significant sample of milky way- and andromeda-like mw m31 analogs from the high-resolution tng50 cosmological simulation we carry out the first systematic investigation of spiral-arm formation their observable properties and the underlying physical drivers |
hence the performance evaluation in terms of average delay and throughput reveals better performance of dyfrag-mac for the | heterogeneous | heterogeneous traffic | hence the performance evaluation in terms of average delay and throughput reveals better performance of dyfrag-mac for the heterogeneous traffic |
let g be the graph with vertex set v and edge set cup_ i 1 m uv u | v | bipartite graphs | let g be the graph with vertex set v and edge set cup_ i 1 m uv u v in v_i u neq v |
the ac optimal power flow ac-opf problem is central to | power | optimal power flow | the ac optimal power flow ac-opf problem is central to power system operation but challenging to solve efficiently due to its nonconvex and nonlinear nature |
the pwe method directly calculates the rldos of an infinite photonic crystal whereas the fdtd method simulates the rldos through the power emitted by a dipole in a finite | photonic | photonic crystal | the pwe method directly calculates the rldos of an infinite photonic crystal whereas the fdtd method simulates the rldos through the power emitted by a dipole in a finite photonic crystal |
causal inference identifies cause-and-effect | relationships | causal inference | causal inference identifies cause-and-effect relationships between variables |
a mathematical theory for understanding when | abstract | recurrent neural networks | a mathematical theory for understanding when abstract representations emerge in neural networks |
namely symbolic regression-based angle of arrival and beam pattern | estimator | channel estimation | namely symbolic regression-based angle of arrival and beam pattern estimator saber a constrained symbolic-regression framework that automatically discovers closed-form beam pattern and aoa models from path loss measurements with interpretability |
this model was first studied by kot 1992 and the 2-cycle we establish corresponds to one numerically observed by bourgeois leblanc and lutscher 2018 for the ricker | growth | growth rates | this model was first studied by kot 1992 and the 2-cycle we establish corresponds to one numerically observed by bourgeois leblanc and lutscher 2018 for the ricker growth function |
we propose a formation planner to reduce mismatch between a formation and the | cost | optimal control | we propose a formation planner to reduce mismatch between a formation and the cost function while still leveraging efficient formation controllers |
we demonstrate the capabilities of this laser-arpes system by investigating several prototypical materials showcasing its potential for elucidating complex phenomena in | quantum | quantum emitters | we demonstrate the capabilities of this laser-arpes system by investigating several prototypical materials showcasing its potential for elucidating complex phenomena in quantum materials |
currently there is no formal analysis of how coordination challenges within a | collective | collective action | currently there is no formal analysis of how coordination challenges within a collective can impact downstream outcomes or how multiple collectives may affect each other s success |
people tend to walk in groups and interactions with those | groups | collective action | people tend to walk in groups and interactions with those groups have a significant impact on crowd behavior and pedestrian traffic dynamics |
however this mode of operation results in a linear | sis | nonlinear sis | however this mode of operation results in a linear sis which limits its applicability to linear operations |
revisiting the structure of galactic disks with | deep | host galaxy | revisiting the structure of galactic disks with deep imaging |
the distinct structural attributes coupled with suitable | electronic | electronic structure | the distinct structural attributes coupled with suitable electronic band structure promotes the electron transport properties |
this paper presents a comprehensive cross-platform evaluation of reasoning capabilities in contemporary | foundation | foundation models | this paper presents a comprehensive cross-platform evaluation of reasoning capabilities in contemporary foundation models establishing an infrastructure-agnostic benchmark across three computational paradigms hpc supercomputing marenostrum 5 cloud platforms nebius ai studio and university clusters a node with eight h20... |
it yields a practical accuracy efficiency trade-off for | robot | mobile robots | it yields a practical accuracy efficiency trade-off for robot policies |
89 -time exact algorithm which only sums convolutions in mathbb z _m k multivariate | polynomial | -time algorithm | 89 -time exact algorithm which only sums convolutions in mathbb z _m k multivariate polynomial multiplications via fft building on the work of cohn kleinberg szegedy and umans cksu 05 |
our evaluation of state-of-the-art models on rlmeval comprising 613 theorems from 6 lean projects | reveals | open-source models | our evaluation of state-of-the-art models on rlmeval comprising 613 theorems from 6 lean projects reveals a significant gap progress on existing benchmarks does not readily translate to these more realistic settings with the best model achieving only a 10 |
our result generalizes prior almost-optimal parallel 1 epsilon -approximation algorithms for these special cases including shortest paths rozhen haeupler marinsson grunau zuzic stoc 23 and max | flow | maximum flow | our result generalizes prior almost-optimal parallel 1 epsilon -approximation algorithms for these special cases including shortest paths rozhen haeupler marinsson grunau zuzic stoc 23 and max flow with only edge capacities |
this is related to a poor understanding of epistemic | uncertainty | uncertainty quantification | this is related to a poor understanding of epistemic uncertainty and it can lead to surprising failure modes even when existing statistical metrics suggest strong fits |
we identify a robust broad component of lambda5008 emission indicating the presence of | ionized | ionized gas | we identify a robust broad component of lambda5008 emission indicating the presence of ionized gas outflows |
when radiative stellar feedback is included fragmentation is suppressed with even more massive cnds forming and | feeding | radiative transfer | when radiative stellar feedback is included fragmentation is suppressed with even more massive cnds forming and feeding the imbh |
2 10 7 t-2m-1 four orders of magnitude larger than that | obtained | optical properties | 2 10 7 t-2m-1 four orders of magnitude larger than that obtained currently in optical range |
our study addresses the challenges inherent in calculating mixed fermion-boson systems and explores the potential of quantum | computing | quantum correlations | our study addresses the challenges inherent in calculating mixed fermion-boson systems and explores the potential of quantum computing to advance their analysis |
this approach bridges physically grounded modeling signal processing and hardware design for efficient energy focusing in | near-field | near-field beam | this approach bridges physically grounded modeling signal processing and hardware design for efficient energy focusing in near-field obstructed channels |
the simulated galaxies reproduce the observed stellar-to-halo mass mass--metallicity and size--mass relations yielding stellar | masses | bulge stars | the simulated galaxies reproduce the observed stellar-to-halo mass mass--metallicity and size--mass relations yielding stellar masses of 10 6-10 8 m_ odot and metallicities consistent with those of local group dwarf galaxies |
reinforcement learning rl fine-tuning of large | language | large language | reinforcement learning rl fine-tuning of large language models llms often suffers from instability due to the numerical mismatch between the training and inference policies |
our main results establish central limit theorems for both the ipw and aipw estimators under design stability and provide | explicit | central limit theorem | our main results establish central limit theorems for both the ipw and aipw estimators under design stability and provide explicit expressions for their asymptotic variances |
to quantify the evolutionary consequences of these behavioural strategies we perform stochastic simulations analysing emergent spatial patterns and the dependence of | species | evolutionary dynamics | to quantify the evolutionary consequences of these behavioural strategies we perform stochastic simulations analysing emergent spatial patterns and the dependence of species densities on the threshold used by individuals to decide between immediate attack or anticipation |
however the feasibility of these task-level plans relies on the downward refinability of the abstraction into | continuous | motion planning | however the feasibility of these task-level plans relies on the downward refinability of the abstraction into continuous motion |
we propose a framework according to which ai | agents | artificial intelligence | we propose a framework according to which ai agents engagement is conditional on appropriate user behaviour |
by varying the embroidery pattern such as zigzag or cross configurations different geometric | constraints | soft constraints | by varying the embroidery pattern such as zigzag or cross configurations different geometric constraints can be realized allowing for flexible control of deformation direction and magnitude |
chiral bound states in the continuum a higher-order singularity for on-chip control of | quantum | quantum emitters | chiral bound states in the continuum a higher-order singularity for on-chip control of quantum emission |
while large language models llms offer opportunities in document | understanding | llm inference | while large language models llms offer opportunities in document understanding current systems struggle with complex multi-page visual documents particularly in fine-grained reasoning over elements and pages |
estimating causal effects of spatially structured exposures is complicated by unmeasured spatial confounders which undermine identifiability in spatial linear regression models unless | structural | causal effects | estimating causal effects of spatially structured exposures is complicated by unmeasured spatial confounders which undermine identifiability in spatial linear regression models unless structural assumptions are imposed |
using these benchmarks researchers have found that | llms | llm responses | using these benchmarks researchers have found that llms sometimes fail to keep secrets private when responding to complex tasks e |
large language models llms excel as passive responders but teaching them to be | proactive | llm agents | large language models llms excel as passive responders but teaching them to be proactive goal-oriented partners a critical capability in high-stakes domains remains a major challenge |
due to the lack of derivative information we adopt a simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation spsa technique to randomly estimate the | gradients | accelerated gradient | due to the lack of derivative information we adopt a simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation spsa technique to randomly estimate the gradients and hessians of both the objective and constraints |
experiments on synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrate that our method | effectively | synthetic data | experiments on synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrate that our method effectively mitigates spurious correlation issues and yields more robust reward models |
we consider a class of algorithms for this | problem | optimization problem | we consider a class of algorithms for this problem which is provably minimax optimal up to a constant factor |
wimhf provides a human-centered analysis method for practitioners to better understand and use | preference | preference optimization | wimhf provides a human-centered analysis method for practitioners to better understand and use preference data |
the advent of mass measurements of radial velocities of stars has recently led to a number of interesting results obtained from the analysis of spatial velocities of | stars | bulge stars | the advent of mass measurements of radial velocities of stars has recently led to a number of interesting results obtained from the analysis of spatial velocities of stars and open star clusters |
the extensive and simple tunability of this frequency converter and comb generator combined with its | small | quantum batteries | the extensive and simple tunability of this frequency converter and comb generator combined with its small physical footprint makes it promising for quantum optics on chips and other applications in quantum technology |
the geometry of dialogue graphing language models to reveal synergistic teams for | multi-agent | language agents | the geometry of dialogue graphing language models to reveal synergistic teams for multi-agent collaboration |
these inferred thinking traces are applied to two complementary tasks 1 fine-tuning open llm | raters | thinking traces | these inferred thinking traces are applied to two complementary tasks 1 fine-tuning open llm raters and 2 synthesizing clearer annotation guidelines for proprietary llm raters |
it introduces two key capabilities automated feedback generation using a fine-tuned large | language | language models | it introduces two key capabilities automated feedback generation using a fine-tuned large language model and visualization of student code submissions to uncover learning patterns |
using granger-causality network reconstruction we find that emotionally unstable individuals -- those high in | neuroticism | comorbidity networks | using granger-causality network reconstruction we find that emotionally unstable individuals -- those high in neuroticism r 0 |
numerical results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed | stopping | stopping rules | numerical results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed stopping rules in terms of reliability and complexity |
we note that all the main predictions on galaxy quenched fractions and smbh growth histories and scaling relations are degenerate with those expected in a halo | quenching | dark matter | we note that all the main predictions on galaxy quenched fractions and smbh growth histories and scaling relations are degenerate with those expected in a halo quenching model |
we demonstrate the capabilities of this laser-arpes system by investigating several prototypical materials showcasing its potential for elucidating complex phenomena in | quantum | photonic crystal | we demonstrate the capabilities of this laser-arpes system by investigating several prototypical materials showcasing its potential for elucidating complex phenomena in quantum materials |
we present a suite of 100 cosmologically motivated controlled n-body simulations designed to advance the understanding of the | role | galactic nuclei | we present a suite of 100 cosmologically motivated controlled n-body simulations designed to advance the understanding of the role of purely gravitational dynamics in the early formation of low-mass galaxy groups 1-5 x 10 13 m_sun |
by moving beyond globally-averaged metrics we for the first time | ask | world models | by moving beyond globally-averaged metrics we for the first time ask where do models perform best or worst and which models are most fair |
the cross dual encoder network comprises four essential components a global encoder a local | encoder | encoder network | the cross dual encoder network comprises four essential components a global encoder a local encoder a symmetric cross-attention module and a flow-based decoder |
finally we outline open problems in the field and present a roadmap for integrating tf-qkd into scalable quantum | networks | quantum key distribution | finally we outline open problems in the field and present a roadmap for integrating tf-qkd into scalable quantum networks underscoring its central role in the future quantum internet |
classical demographic theory predicts that volatility in | growth | growth rates | classical demographic theory predicts that volatility in growth should decline rapidly with size due to the averaging effects of the law of large numbers |
the schottky barrier engineering was performed with a composite pt cap ptox | pt | ptox pt | the schottky barrier engineering was performed with a composite pt cap ptox pt 1 |
in this work we utilize proximal causal inference framework for learning optimal dynamic | treatment | causal effects | in this work we utilize proximal causal inference framework for learning optimal dynamic treatment regimes when the unconfoundedness assumption fails |
nanoparticle synthesis via pulsed laser ablation in | liquids | pulsed laser ablation liquids | nanoparticle synthesis via pulsed laser ablation in liquids has gained prominence as a versatile and environmentally friendly approach for producing ligand-free colloids with controlled composition size and morphology |
a prevailing theory in cognitive neuroscience proposes that the human brain operates through hierarchical predictive processing which underlies flexible | cognition | brain activity | a prevailing theory in cognitive neuroscience proposes that the human brain operates through hierarchical predictive processing which underlies flexible cognition and behavior by integrating multimodal sensory signals |
we demonstrate the capabilities of this laser-arpes system by investigating several prototypical materials showcasing its potential for elucidating complex phenomena in | quantum | quantum technologies | we demonstrate the capabilities of this laser-arpes system by investigating several prototypical materials showcasing its potential for elucidating complex phenomena in quantum materials |
while numerous multi-object tracking algorithms exist they have not yet been applied to real-world | isac | communication isac | while numerous multi-object tracking algorithms exist they have not yet been applied to real-world isac with its challenges such as clutter and non-optimal hardware |
this paper addresses the problem of maximizing f s over all subsets s subseteq v subject to the cardinality constraint s k or | s | submodular maximization | this paper addresses the problem of maximizing f s over all subsets s subseteq v subject to the cardinality constraint s k or s le k |
in the static setting our algorithm runs in near-linear time dynamically it requires only | polylogarithmic | mathrm polylog | in the static setting our algorithm runs in near-linear time dynamically it requires only polylogarithmic updates improving on prior linear-time static o sqrt n -approximation |
waveguide-coupled photonic crystal cavities with a triangular cross section fabricated by angled etching are suitable to interface embedded color centers with flying | photonic | photonic crystal | waveguide-coupled photonic crystal cavities with a triangular cross section fabricated by angled etching are suitable to interface embedded color centers with flying photonic qubits in quantum information applications |
through the judge s eyes inferred thinking | traces | thinking traces | through the judge s eyes inferred thinking traces improve reliability of llm raters |
additionally they imply an m 1 o 1 w -time algorithm for solving the problem on graphs with a given | tree | tree edit distance | additionally they imply an m 1 o 1 w -time algorithm for solving the problem on graphs with a given tree decomposition of width w |
we propose a debiased machine learning estimator that is based on nuisance functions restricted to a | partially | debiased machine | we propose a debiased machine learning estimator that is based on nuisance functions restricted to a partially linear form |
modern vision-language models vlms excel at many multimodal tasks yet their grasp of | temporal | action recognition | modern vision-language models vlms excel at many multimodal tasks yet their grasp of temporal information in video remains weak and crucially under-evaluated |
the practical applicability and effectiveness of the proposed framework are demonstrated in a | numerical | numerical experiments | the practical applicability and effectiveness of the proposed framework are demonstrated in a numerical case study |
we establish structural conditions under which the gce preserves key properties of the conventional ce including existence uniqueness and efficiency without requiring | detailed | fl systems | we establish structural conditions under which the gce preserves key properties of the conventional ce including existence uniqueness and efficiency without requiring detailed knowledge of decision processes for individual fl systems |
for these objects we obtain complementary optical light curves from pan-starrs1 ps1 and the zwicky transient facility ztf and w1-band light | curves | light curves | for these objects we obtain complementary optical light curves from pan-starrs1 ps1 and the zwicky transient facility ztf and w1-band light curves from the wide-field infrared survey explorer wise |
the quantum walk technique is a general framework for constructing quantum algorithms by transforming a classical random walk search into a quantum | search | quantum dot | the quantum walk technique is a general framework for constructing quantum algorithms by transforming a classical random walk search into a quantum search and has been successfully applied to constructing an algorithm with a tight query complexity for another problem |
recent video generation models can produce | high-fidelity | image generation | recent video generation models can produce high-fidelity temporally coherent videos indicating that they may encode substantial world knowledge |
this study constructs financial networks using the local gaussian | correlation | local gaussian correlation | this study constructs financial networks using the local gaussian correlation coefficients between tail regions of stock returns in the shanghai stock exchange |
darts a drone-based ai-powered real-time traffic incident | detection | incident detection | darts a drone-based ai-powered real-time traffic incident detection system |
we also show that the attack rate for this model is lower than it would be without the dampening although the | adaptive | adaptive immune | we also show that the attack rate for this model is lower than it would be without the dampening although the adaptive behavior disappears as time goes to infinity and the number of infected goes to zero |
the accretion is viscosity-limited when q alpha xi 1 mathcal m 2 3 3 1 2 h 3 where q is the mass ratio between the co and the supermassive black hole alpha the viscosity parameter mathcal | m | accretion rate | the accretion is viscosity-limited when q alpha xi 1 mathcal m 2 3 3 1 2 h 3 where q is the mass ratio between the co and the supermassive black hole alpha the viscosity parameter mathcal m the mach number of the bulk relative motion and h the aspect ratio of the agn disc |
traditional novel view synthesis methods heavily rely on external camera | pose | pose estimation | traditional novel view synthesis methods heavily rely on external camera pose estimation tools such as colmap which often introduce computational bottlenecks and propagate errors |
going beyond the traditional approach which relies on ehrenfest dynamics we treat the projectile fully | quantum | quantum technologies | going beyond the traditional approach which relies on ehrenfest dynamics we treat the projectile fully quantum mechanically on the same footing as the electrons of the target |
shared control for vehicle lane-changing with uncertain | driver | collision avoidance | shared control for vehicle lane-changing with uncertain driver behaviors |
i show that the interpretation of pvars depends on the distribution of the causing variable and can range from average treatment effects to average | causal | causal inference | i show that the interpretation of pvars depends on the distribution of the causing variable and can range from average treatment effects to average causal responses to a combination of the two |
furthermore we develop an unsupervised online learning approach that can learn this model on a single-trial basis building its | vocabulary | large language models | furthermore we develop an unsupervised online learning approach that can learn this model on a single-trial basis building its vocabulary incrementally as it is exposed to new tasks and inferring the latent epoch structure as a time-varying computational context within a trial |
to account for uncertainty the underlying | optimal | inverse optimal | to account for uncertainty the underlying optimal power flow opf routines have to be modified |
optical techniques for spatiotemporal control can produce | laser | pulsed laser | optical techniques for spatiotemporal control can produce laser pulses with custom amplitude phase or polarization structure |
as an example of applications we solve a class of wasserstein and sinkhorn dro problems using the recently-discovered wasserstein fisher-rao and stein variational | gradient | gradient flow | as an example of applications we solve a class of wasserstein and sinkhorn dro problems using the recently-discovered wasserstein fisher-rao and stein variational gradient flows |
we introduce angular steering a novel and flexible method for | behavior | angular steering | we introduce angular steering a novel and flexible method for behavior modulation that operates by rotating activations within a fixed two-dimensional subspace |
to characterize and measure these effects we probe vla s hidden representations and analyze attention maps further we design a set of targeted tasks and methods that contrast vla | models | vision-language models vlms | to characterize and measure these effects we probe vla s hidden representations and analyze attention maps further we design a set of targeted tasks and methods that contrast vla models with their counterpart vlms isolating changes in vl capabilities induced by action fine-tuning |
i establish nonparametric identification of spatial boundaries under weak smoothness and monotonicity conditions propose a kernel-based | estimator | nonparametric identification | i establish nonparametric identification of spatial boundaries under weak smoothness and monotonicity conditions propose a kernel-based estimator with data-driven bandwidth selection and derive asymptotic theory for inference |
many existing genuine multipartite entanglement gme witnesses for continuous-variable cv quantum systems typically rely on quadrature measurements which is challenging to implement in platforms where the cv degrees of freedom can be indirectly accessed only through | qubit | quantum coherence | many existing genuine multipartite entanglement gme witnesses for continuous-variable cv quantum systems typically rely on quadrature measurements which is challenging to implement in platforms where the cv degrees of freedom can be indirectly accessed only through qubit readouts |
our study highlights the opportunities and risks of human-machine | teaming | human-machine teaming | our study highlights the opportunities and risks of human-machine teaming in operationalizing machine learning target variables yielding insights for future research to explore the opportunities and mitigate the risks |
in this article we review the computational-driven | discoveries | quantum materials | in this article we review the computational-driven discoveries and the recent developments in the field from various essential aspects including the theoretical computational and specifically artificial intelligence ai machine learning ml based approaches emerging within the paradigm of materials informatics |
beyond 100 km negative decay parameters correctly signal that urban sources dominate and | diffusion | spatial decay | beyond 100 km negative decay parameters correctly signal that urban sources dominate and diffusion assumptions fail |
phylogenetic trees capture evolutionary relationships among | species | evolutionary dynamics | phylogenetic trees capture evolutionary relationships among species and reflect the forces that shaped them |
by linking regional modelling with neighbourhood design the framework enables planners to explore how alternative | planning | urban systems | by linking regional modelling with neighbourhood design the framework enables planners to explore how alternative planning scenarios may evolve over time |
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