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infoflow reinforcing search agent via reward
density
reward density
infoflow reinforcing search agent via reward density optimization
in the presence of disturbances this improvement idea renders inverse optimal issf
controllers
predictive control
in the presence of disturbances this improvement idea renders inverse optimal issf controllers robust to gain variations with the same gain margin of 1 2 inf
our findings provide actionable insights into how values are learned during
post-training
training data
our findings provide actionable insights into how values are learned during post-training and help to inform data curation as well as the selection of models and algorithms for preference optimization to improve model alignment to human values
nonetheless this approach typically assumes a deterministic
payoff
game theory
nonetheless this approach typically assumes a deterministic payoff structure for social interactions
using a statistically significant sample of milky way- and andromeda-like mw m31 analogs from the high-resolution tng50
cosmological
galaxy cgm
using a statistically significant sample of milky way- and andromeda-like mw m31 analogs from the high-resolution tng50 cosmological simulation we carry out the first systematic investigation of spiral-arm formation their observable properties and the underlying physical drivers
hence the performance evaluation in terms of average delay and throughput reveals better performance of dyfrag-mac for the
heterogeneous
heterogeneous traffic
hence the performance evaluation in terms of average delay and throughput reveals better performance of dyfrag-mac for the heterogeneous traffic
let g be the graph with vertex set v and edge set cup_ i 1 m uv u
v
bipartite graphs
let g be the graph with vertex set v and edge set cup_ i 1 m uv u v in v_i u neq v
the ac optimal power flow ac-opf problem is central to
power
optimal power flow
the ac optimal power flow ac-opf problem is central to power system operation but challenging to solve efficiently due to its nonconvex and nonlinear nature
the pwe method directly calculates the rldos of an infinite photonic crystal whereas the fdtd method simulates the rldos through the power emitted by a dipole in a finite
photonic
photonic crystal
the pwe method directly calculates the rldos of an infinite photonic crystal whereas the fdtd method simulates the rldos through the power emitted by a dipole in a finite photonic crystal
causal inference identifies cause-and-effect
relationships
causal inference
causal inference identifies cause-and-effect relationships between variables
a mathematical theory for understanding when
abstract
recurrent neural networks
a mathematical theory for understanding when abstract representations emerge in neural networks
namely symbolic regression-based angle of arrival and beam pattern
estimator
channel estimation
namely symbolic regression-based angle of arrival and beam pattern estimator saber a constrained symbolic-regression framework that automatically discovers closed-form beam pattern and aoa models from path loss measurements with interpretability
this model was first studied by kot 1992 and the 2-cycle we establish corresponds to one numerically observed by bourgeois leblanc and lutscher 2018 for the ricker
growth
growth rates
this model was first studied by kot 1992 and the 2-cycle we establish corresponds to one numerically observed by bourgeois leblanc and lutscher 2018 for the ricker growth function
we propose a formation planner to reduce mismatch between a formation and the
cost
optimal control
we propose a formation planner to reduce mismatch between a formation and the cost function while still leveraging efficient formation controllers
we demonstrate the capabilities of this laser-arpes system by investigating several prototypical materials showcasing its potential for elucidating complex phenomena in
quantum
quantum emitters
we demonstrate the capabilities of this laser-arpes system by investigating several prototypical materials showcasing its potential for elucidating complex phenomena in quantum materials
currently there is no formal analysis of how coordination challenges within a
collective
collective action
currently there is no formal analysis of how coordination challenges within a collective can impact downstream outcomes or how multiple collectives may affect each other s success
people tend to walk in groups and interactions with those
groups
collective action
people tend to walk in groups and interactions with those groups have a significant impact on crowd behavior and pedestrian traffic dynamics
however this mode of operation results in a linear
sis
nonlinear sis
however this mode of operation results in a linear sis which limits its applicability to linear operations
revisiting the structure of galactic disks with
deep
host galaxy
revisiting the structure of galactic disks with deep imaging
the distinct structural attributes coupled with suitable
electronic
electronic structure
the distinct structural attributes coupled with suitable electronic band structure promotes the electron transport properties
this paper presents a comprehensive cross-platform evaluation of reasoning capabilities in contemporary
foundation
foundation models
this paper presents a comprehensive cross-platform evaluation of reasoning capabilities in contemporary foundation models establishing an infrastructure-agnostic benchmark across three computational paradigms hpc supercomputing marenostrum 5 cloud platforms nebius ai studio and university clusters a node with eight h20...
it yields a practical accuracy efficiency trade-off for
robot
mobile robots
it yields a practical accuracy efficiency trade-off for robot policies
89 -time exact algorithm which only sums convolutions in mathbb z _m k multivariate
polynomial
-time algorithm
89 -time exact algorithm which only sums convolutions in mathbb z _m k multivariate polynomial multiplications via fft building on the work of cohn kleinberg szegedy and umans cksu 05
our evaluation of state-of-the-art models on rlmeval comprising 613 theorems from 6 lean projects
reveals
open-source models
our evaluation of state-of-the-art models on rlmeval comprising 613 theorems from 6 lean projects reveals a significant gap progress on existing benchmarks does not readily translate to these more realistic settings with the best model achieving only a 10
our result generalizes prior almost-optimal parallel 1 epsilon -approximation algorithms for these special cases including shortest paths rozhen haeupler marinsson grunau zuzic stoc 23 and max
flow
maximum flow
our result generalizes prior almost-optimal parallel 1 epsilon -approximation algorithms for these special cases including shortest paths rozhen haeupler marinsson grunau zuzic stoc 23 and max flow with only edge capacities
this is related to a poor understanding of epistemic
uncertainty
uncertainty quantification
this is related to a poor understanding of epistemic uncertainty and it can lead to surprising failure modes even when existing statistical metrics suggest strong fits
we identify a robust broad component of lambda5008 emission indicating the presence of
ionized
ionized gas
we identify a robust broad component of lambda5008 emission indicating the presence of ionized gas outflows
when radiative stellar feedback is included fragmentation is suppressed with even more massive cnds forming and
feeding
radiative transfer
when radiative stellar feedback is included fragmentation is suppressed with even more massive cnds forming and feeding the imbh
2 10 7 t-2m-1 four orders of magnitude larger than that
obtained
optical properties
2 10 7 t-2m-1 four orders of magnitude larger than that obtained currently in optical range
our study addresses the challenges inherent in calculating mixed fermion-boson systems and explores the potential of quantum
computing
quantum correlations
our study addresses the challenges inherent in calculating mixed fermion-boson systems and explores the potential of quantum computing to advance their analysis
this approach bridges physically grounded modeling signal processing and hardware design for efficient energy focusing in
near-field
near-field beam
this approach bridges physically grounded modeling signal processing and hardware design for efficient energy focusing in near-field obstructed channels
the simulated galaxies reproduce the observed stellar-to-halo mass mass--metallicity and size--mass relations yielding stellar
masses
bulge stars
the simulated galaxies reproduce the observed stellar-to-halo mass mass--metallicity and size--mass relations yielding stellar masses of 10 6-10 8 m_ odot and metallicities consistent with those of local group dwarf galaxies
reinforcement learning rl fine-tuning of large
language
large language
reinforcement learning rl fine-tuning of large language models llms often suffers from instability due to the numerical mismatch between the training and inference policies
our main results establish central limit theorems for both the ipw and aipw estimators under design stability and provide
explicit
central limit theorem
our main results establish central limit theorems for both the ipw and aipw estimators under design stability and provide explicit expressions for their asymptotic variances
to quantify the evolutionary consequences of these behavioural strategies we perform stochastic simulations analysing emergent spatial patterns and the dependence of
species
evolutionary dynamics
to quantify the evolutionary consequences of these behavioural strategies we perform stochastic simulations analysing emergent spatial patterns and the dependence of species densities on the threshold used by individuals to decide between immediate attack or anticipation
however the feasibility of these task-level plans relies on the downward refinability of the abstraction into
continuous
motion planning
however the feasibility of these task-level plans relies on the downward refinability of the abstraction into continuous motion
we propose a framework according to which ai
agents
artificial intelligence
we propose a framework according to which ai agents engagement is conditional on appropriate user behaviour
by varying the embroidery pattern such as zigzag or cross configurations different geometric
constraints
soft constraints
by varying the embroidery pattern such as zigzag or cross configurations different geometric constraints can be realized allowing for flexible control of deformation direction and magnitude
chiral bound states in the continuum a higher-order singularity for on-chip control of
quantum
quantum emitters
chiral bound states in the continuum a higher-order singularity for on-chip control of quantum emission
while large language models llms offer opportunities in document
understanding
llm inference
while large language models llms offer opportunities in document understanding current systems struggle with complex multi-page visual documents particularly in fine-grained reasoning over elements and pages
estimating causal effects of spatially structured exposures is complicated by unmeasured spatial confounders which undermine identifiability in spatial linear regression models unless
structural
causal effects
estimating causal effects of spatially structured exposures is complicated by unmeasured spatial confounders which undermine identifiability in spatial linear regression models unless structural assumptions are imposed
using these benchmarks researchers have found that
llms
llm responses
using these benchmarks researchers have found that llms sometimes fail to keep secrets private when responding to complex tasks e
large language models llms excel as passive responders but teaching them to be
proactive
llm agents
large language models llms excel as passive responders but teaching them to be proactive goal-oriented partners a critical capability in high-stakes domains remains a major challenge
due to the lack of derivative information we adopt a simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation spsa technique to randomly estimate the
gradients
accelerated gradient
due to the lack of derivative information we adopt a simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation spsa technique to randomly estimate the gradients and hessians of both the objective and constraints
experiments on synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrate that our method
effectively
synthetic data
experiments on synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrate that our method effectively mitigates spurious correlation issues and yields more robust reward models
we consider a class of algorithms for this
problem
optimization problem
we consider a class of algorithms for this problem which is provably minimax optimal up to a constant factor
wimhf provides a human-centered analysis method for practitioners to better understand and use
preference
preference optimization
wimhf provides a human-centered analysis method for practitioners to better understand and use preference data
the advent of mass measurements of radial velocities of stars has recently led to a number of interesting results obtained from the analysis of spatial velocities of
stars
bulge stars
the advent of mass measurements of radial velocities of stars has recently led to a number of interesting results obtained from the analysis of spatial velocities of stars and open star clusters
the extensive and simple tunability of this frequency converter and comb generator combined with its
small
quantum batteries
the extensive and simple tunability of this frequency converter and comb generator combined with its small physical footprint makes it promising for quantum optics on chips and other applications in quantum technology
the geometry of dialogue graphing language models to reveal synergistic teams for
multi-agent
language agents
the geometry of dialogue graphing language models to reveal synergistic teams for multi-agent collaboration
these inferred thinking traces are applied to two complementary tasks 1 fine-tuning open llm
raters
thinking traces
these inferred thinking traces are applied to two complementary tasks 1 fine-tuning open llm raters and 2 synthesizing clearer annotation guidelines for proprietary llm raters
it introduces two key capabilities automated feedback generation using a fine-tuned large
language
language models
it introduces two key capabilities automated feedback generation using a fine-tuned large language model and visualization of student code submissions to uncover learning patterns
using granger-causality network reconstruction we find that emotionally unstable individuals -- those high in
neuroticism
comorbidity networks
using granger-causality network reconstruction we find that emotionally unstable individuals -- those high in neuroticism r 0
numerical results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed
stopping
stopping rules
numerical results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed stopping rules in terms of reliability and complexity
we note that all the main predictions on galaxy quenched fractions and smbh growth histories and scaling relations are degenerate with those expected in a halo
quenching
dark matter
we note that all the main predictions on galaxy quenched fractions and smbh growth histories and scaling relations are degenerate with those expected in a halo quenching model
we demonstrate the capabilities of this laser-arpes system by investigating several prototypical materials showcasing its potential for elucidating complex phenomena in
quantum
photonic crystal
we demonstrate the capabilities of this laser-arpes system by investigating several prototypical materials showcasing its potential for elucidating complex phenomena in quantum materials
we present a suite of 100 cosmologically motivated controlled n-body simulations designed to advance the understanding of the
role
galactic nuclei
we present a suite of 100 cosmologically motivated controlled n-body simulations designed to advance the understanding of the role of purely gravitational dynamics in the early formation of low-mass galaxy groups 1-5 x 10 13 m_sun
by moving beyond globally-averaged metrics we for the first time
ask
world models
by moving beyond globally-averaged metrics we for the first time ask where do models perform best or worst and which models are most fair
the cross dual encoder network comprises four essential components a global encoder a local
encoder
encoder network
the cross dual encoder network comprises four essential components a global encoder a local encoder a symmetric cross-attention module and a flow-based decoder
finally we outline open problems in the field and present a roadmap for integrating tf-qkd into scalable quantum
networks
quantum key distribution
finally we outline open problems in the field and present a roadmap for integrating tf-qkd into scalable quantum networks underscoring its central role in the future quantum internet
classical demographic theory predicts that volatility in
growth
growth rates
classical demographic theory predicts that volatility in growth should decline rapidly with size due to the averaging effects of the law of large numbers
the schottky barrier engineering was performed with a composite pt cap ptox
pt
ptox pt
the schottky barrier engineering was performed with a composite pt cap ptox pt 1
in this work we utilize proximal causal inference framework for learning optimal dynamic
treatment
causal effects
in this work we utilize proximal causal inference framework for learning optimal dynamic treatment regimes when the unconfoundedness assumption fails
nanoparticle synthesis via pulsed laser ablation in
liquids
pulsed laser ablation liquids
nanoparticle synthesis via pulsed laser ablation in liquids has gained prominence as a versatile and environmentally friendly approach for producing ligand-free colloids with controlled composition size and morphology
a prevailing theory in cognitive neuroscience proposes that the human brain operates through hierarchical predictive processing which underlies flexible
cognition
brain activity
a prevailing theory in cognitive neuroscience proposes that the human brain operates through hierarchical predictive processing which underlies flexible cognition and behavior by integrating multimodal sensory signals
we demonstrate the capabilities of this laser-arpes system by investigating several prototypical materials showcasing its potential for elucidating complex phenomena in
quantum
quantum technologies
we demonstrate the capabilities of this laser-arpes system by investigating several prototypical materials showcasing its potential for elucidating complex phenomena in quantum materials
while numerous multi-object tracking algorithms exist they have not yet been applied to real-world
isac
communication isac
while numerous multi-object tracking algorithms exist they have not yet been applied to real-world isac with its challenges such as clutter and non-optimal hardware
this paper addresses the problem of maximizing f s over all subsets s subseteq v subject to the cardinality constraint s k or
s
submodular maximization
this paper addresses the problem of maximizing f s over all subsets s subseteq v subject to the cardinality constraint s k or s le k
in the static setting our algorithm runs in near-linear time dynamically it requires only
polylogarithmic
mathrm polylog
in the static setting our algorithm runs in near-linear time dynamically it requires only polylogarithmic updates improving on prior linear-time static o sqrt n -approximation
waveguide-coupled photonic crystal cavities with a triangular cross section fabricated by angled etching are suitable to interface embedded color centers with flying
photonic
photonic crystal
waveguide-coupled photonic crystal cavities with a triangular cross section fabricated by angled etching are suitable to interface embedded color centers with flying photonic qubits in quantum information applications
through the judge s eyes inferred thinking
traces
thinking traces
through the judge s eyes inferred thinking traces improve reliability of llm raters
additionally they imply an m 1 o 1 w -time algorithm for solving the problem on graphs with a given
tree
tree edit distance
additionally they imply an m 1 o 1 w -time algorithm for solving the problem on graphs with a given tree decomposition of width w
we propose a debiased machine learning estimator that is based on nuisance functions restricted to a
partially
debiased machine
we propose a debiased machine learning estimator that is based on nuisance functions restricted to a partially linear form
modern vision-language models vlms excel at many multimodal tasks yet their grasp of
temporal
action recognition
modern vision-language models vlms excel at many multimodal tasks yet their grasp of temporal information in video remains weak and crucially under-evaluated
the practical applicability and effectiveness of the proposed framework are demonstrated in a
numerical
numerical experiments
the practical applicability and effectiveness of the proposed framework are demonstrated in a numerical case study
we establish structural conditions under which the gce preserves key properties of the conventional ce including existence uniqueness and efficiency without requiring
detailed
fl systems
we establish structural conditions under which the gce preserves key properties of the conventional ce including existence uniqueness and efficiency without requiring detailed knowledge of decision processes for individual fl systems
for these objects we obtain complementary optical light curves from pan-starrs1 ps1 and the zwicky transient facility ztf and w1-band light
curves
light curves
for these objects we obtain complementary optical light curves from pan-starrs1 ps1 and the zwicky transient facility ztf and w1-band light curves from the wide-field infrared survey explorer wise
the quantum walk technique is a general framework for constructing quantum algorithms by transforming a classical random walk search into a quantum
search
quantum dot
the quantum walk technique is a general framework for constructing quantum algorithms by transforming a classical random walk search into a quantum search and has been successfully applied to constructing an algorithm with a tight query complexity for another problem
recent video generation models can produce
high-fidelity
image generation
recent video generation models can produce high-fidelity temporally coherent videos indicating that they may encode substantial world knowledge
this study constructs financial networks using the local gaussian
correlation
local gaussian correlation
this study constructs financial networks using the local gaussian correlation coefficients between tail regions of stock returns in the shanghai stock exchange
darts a drone-based ai-powered real-time traffic incident
detection
incident detection
darts a drone-based ai-powered real-time traffic incident detection system
we also show that the attack rate for this model is lower than it would be without the dampening although the
adaptive
adaptive immune
we also show that the attack rate for this model is lower than it would be without the dampening although the adaptive behavior disappears as time goes to infinity and the number of infected goes to zero
the accretion is viscosity-limited when q alpha xi 1 mathcal m 2 3 3 1 2 h 3 where q is the mass ratio between the co and the supermassive black hole alpha the viscosity parameter mathcal
m
accretion rate
the accretion is viscosity-limited when q alpha xi 1 mathcal m 2 3 3 1 2 h 3 where q is the mass ratio between the co and the supermassive black hole alpha the viscosity parameter mathcal m the mach number of the bulk relative motion and h the aspect ratio of the agn disc
traditional novel view synthesis methods heavily rely on external camera
pose
pose estimation
traditional novel view synthesis methods heavily rely on external camera pose estimation tools such as colmap which often introduce computational bottlenecks and propagate errors
going beyond the traditional approach which relies on ehrenfest dynamics we treat the projectile fully
quantum
quantum technologies
going beyond the traditional approach which relies on ehrenfest dynamics we treat the projectile fully quantum mechanically on the same footing as the electrons of the target
shared control for vehicle lane-changing with uncertain
driver
collision avoidance
shared control for vehicle lane-changing with uncertain driver behaviors
i show that the interpretation of pvars depends on the distribution of the causing variable and can range from average treatment effects to average
causal
causal inference
i show that the interpretation of pvars depends on the distribution of the causing variable and can range from average treatment effects to average causal responses to a combination of the two
furthermore we develop an unsupervised online learning approach that can learn this model on a single-trial basis building its
vocabulary
large language models
furthermore we develop an unsupervised online learning approach that can learn this model on a single-trial basis building its vocabulary incrementally as it is exposed to new tasks and inferring the latent epoch structure as a time-varying computational context within a trial
to account for uncertainty the underlying
optimal
inverse optimal
to account for uncertainty the underlying optimal power flow opf routines have to be modified
optical techniques for spatiotemporal control can produce
laser
pulsed laser
optical techniques for spatiotemporal control can produce laser pulses with custom amplitude phase or polarization structure
as an example of applications we solve a class of wasserstein and sinkhorn dro problems using the recently-discovered wasserstein fisher-rao and stein variational
gradient
gradient flow
as an example of applications we solve a class of wasserstein and sinkhorn dro problems using the recently-discovered wasserstein fisher-rao and stein variational gradient flows
we introduce angular steering a novel and flexible method for
behavior
angular steering
we introduce angular steering a novel and flexible method for behavior modulation that operates by rotating activations within a fixed two-dimensional subspace
to characterize and measure these effects we probe vla s hidden representations and analyze attention maps further we design a set of targeted tasks and methods that contrast vla
models
vision-language models vlms
to characterize and measure these effects we probe vla s hidden representations and analyze attention maps further we design a set of targeted tasks and methods that contrast vla models with their counterpart vlms isolating changes in vl capabilities induced by action fine-tuning
i establish nonparametric identification of spatial boundaries under weak smoothness and monotonicity conditions propose a kernel-based
estimator
nonparametric identification
i establish nonparametric identification of spatial boundaries under weak smoothness and monotonicity conditions propose a kernel-based estimator with data-driven bandwidth selection and derive asymptotic theory for inference
many existing genuine multipartite entanglement gme witnesses for continuous-variable cv quantum systems typically rely on quadrature measurements which is challenging to implement in platforms where the cv degrees of freedom can be indirectly accessed only through
qubit
quantum coherence
many existing genuine multipartite entanglement gme witnesses for continuous-variable cv quantum systems typically rely on quadrature measurements which is challenging to implement in platforms where the cv degrees of freedom can be indirectly accessed only through qubit readouts
our study highlights the opportunities and risks of human-machine
teaming
human-machine teaming
our study highlights the opportunities and risks of human-machine teaming in operationalizing machine learning target variables yielding insights for future research to explore the opportunities and mitigate the risks
in this article we review the computational-driven
discoveries
quantum materials
in this article we review the computational-driven discoveries and the recent developments in the field from various essential aspects including the theoretical computational and specifically artificial intelligence ai machine learning ml based approaches emerging within the paradigm of materials informatics
beyond 100 km negative decay parameters correctly signal that urban sources dominate and
diffusion
spatial decay
beyond 100 km negative decay parameters correctly signal that urban sources dominate and diffusion assumptions fail
phylogenetic trees capture evolutionary relationships among
species
evolutionary dynamics
phylogenetic trees capture evolutionary relationships among species and reflect the forces that shaped them
by linking regional modelling with neighbourhood design the framework enables planners to explore how alternative
planning
urban systems
by linking regional modelling with neighbourhood design the framework enables planners to explore how alternative planning scenarios may evolve over time