prompt stringlengths 41 511 | target stringlengths 1 25 | keyword stringclasses 697
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an optimal solution can be found with a greedy algorithm steel systematic biology 2005 pardi and goldman plos | genetics | phylogenetic diversity | an optimal solution can be found with a greedy algorithm steel systematic biology 2005 pardi and goldman plos genetics 2005 |
this paper develops a unified framework for identifying spatial and temporal | boundaries | average treatment effect | this paper develops a unified framework for identifying spatial and temporal boundaries of treatment effects in difference-in-differences designs |
analysis of search task performance and post-experiment item | recall | task performance | analysis of search task performance and post-experiment item recall revealed differing attention to physical and virtual objects |
these inferred thinking traces are applied to two complementary tasks 1 fine-tuning open llm | raters | llm raters | these inferred thinking traces are applied to two complementary tasks 1 fine-tuning open llm raters and 2 synthesizing clearer annotation guidelines for proprietary llm raters |
moreover with this relaxed latency constraint we can also have quantum | communication | quantum channels | moreover with this relaxed latency constraint we can also have quantum communication between a subset of parties and thereby achieve possible quantum violations of these new inequalities |
to this end we introduce a new dataset covering a wide range of formal patterns of reasoning in both | normative | normative reasoning | to this end we introduce a new dataset covering a wide range of formal patterns of reasoning in both normative and epistemic domains while also incorporating non-formal cognitive factors that influence human reasoning |
extensions to longitudinal data dynamic treatment regimes and multiplicative | instrumental | treatment effect | extensions to longitudinal data dynamic treatment regimes and multiplicative instrumental variables are further developed |
identification and debiased learning of causal | effects | causal inference | identification and debiased learning of causal effects with general instrumental variables |
we discuss major tf-qkd variants including | phase-matching | -dtc phases | we discuss major tf-qkd variants including phase-matching qkd and sending-or-not-sending qkd with various improved versions |
specifically our img performs weighted resampling during the | diffusion | diffusion models | specifically our img performs weighted resampling during the diffusion generation process according to the expected aggregated multi-objective values |
the simulated galaxies reproduce the observed stellar-to-halo mass mass--metallicity and size--mass relations yielding stellar | masses | stellar population | the simulated galaxies reproduce the observed stellar-to-halo mass mass--metallicity and size--mass relations yielding stellar masses of 10 6-10 8 m_ odot and metallicities consistent with those of local group dwarf galaxies |
this allows us to create universal probes for each | llm | models llms | this allows us to create universal probes for each llm and to trace information -- including the causes of output errors -- to specific layers |
in ate estimation the balancing weights and the regression functions of the outcome play important roles where the | balancing | covariate balancing | in ate estimation the balancing weights and the regression functions of the outcome play important roles where the balancing weights are referred to as the riesz representer bias-correction term and clever covariates depending on the context |
objective to develop validate and deploy a | natural | natural language | objective to develop validate and deploy a natural language processing nlp pipeline to identify itfs in radiology reports and assess their prevalence features and clinical outcomes |
we believe that this work outlines a significant route for next-generation programmable photonics delivering subwavelength confinement energy-efficient operation and high-dimensional optical reconfigurability within an | integrated | photonic circuits | we believe that this work outlines a significant route for next-generation programmable photonics delivering subwavelength confinement energy-efficient operation and high-dimensional optical reconfigurability within an integrated scalable and manufacturable platform |
these solutions are surprisingly simple and have some interesting implications including a necessary and sufficient condition for mutation | selection | evolutionary dynamics | these solutions are surprisingly simple and have some interesting implications including a necessary and sufficient condition for mutation selection balance a very simple formula for mean fitness and the fact that the shape of the equilibrium fitness distribution is determined solely by mutation whereas the scale is de... |
understanding how learning algorithms shape the computational | strategies | artificial intelligence | understanding how learning algorithms shape the computational strategies that emerge in neural networks remains a fundamental challenge in machine intelligence |
this is a method for sampling from a general class of probability | densities | density estimation | this is a method for sampling from a general class of probability densities defined on riemannian manifolds |
bayesian network fusion of large language models for | sentiment | large language models llms | bayesian network fusion of large language models for sentiment analysis |
our findings provide a new basis for the automated design of collaborative | multi-agent | llm agents | our findings provide a new basis for the automated design of collaborative multi-agent llm teams |
phase inversion under front- versus back-side excitation confirms the ishe origin while a macrospin landau-lifshitz-gilbert model reproduces the field | dependence | phase transition | phase inversion under front- versus back-side excitation confirms the ishe origin while a macrospin landau-lifshitz-gilbert model reproduces the field dependence and separates layer-specific contributions |
we propose viz-coast a method of leveraging the common-sense spatial reasoning of large pretrained | vision-language | vision-language models | we propose viz-coast a method of leveraging the common-sense spatial reasoning of large pretrained vision-language models to identify issues with downward refinement a priori bypassing the need to fix these failures during planning |
we show that all but the fourth problem are np-complete in all settings while the | complexity | time complexity | we show that all but the fourth problem are np-complete in all settings while the complexity of the fourth one remains open for the directed and undirected cases |
5-4b models across visual reasoning tasks demonstrate that our methods consistently improve visual | reasoning | spatial reasoning | 5-4b models across visual reasoning tasks demonstrate that our methods consistently improve visual reasoning capabilities outperforming vanilla self-improvement by 3 |
while large language models llms have demonstrated remarkable performance across various reasoning tasks their ability to handle normative | reasoning | reasoning curriculum | while large language models llms have demonstrated remarkable performance across various reasoning tasks their ability to handle normative reasoning remains underexplored |
error analysis of triangular optimal transport | maps | optimal transport | error analysis of triangular optimal transport maps for filtering |
the ac optimal power flow ac-opf problem is central to | power | inverse optimal | the ac optimal power flow ac-opf problem is central to power system operation but challenging to solve efficiently due to its nonconvex and nonlinear nature |
experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework under mobility-induced dynamics and offer useful insights for the practical deployment of fl over | wireless | wireless systems | experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework under mobility-induced dynamics and offer useful insights for the practical deployment of fl over wireless channels |
the nonlinear disturbance observer attenuates constant and nonlinear | disturbances | disturbance observer | the nonlinear disturbance observer attenuates constant and nonlinear disturbances as well as band-limited white noise |
we then evaluate the impact of heuristic support adaptation on parameter inference and policy learning for a dynamic deformable linear object dlo | manipulation | robotic manipulation | we then evaluate the impact of heuristic support adaptation on parameter inference and policy learning for a dynamic deformable linear object dlo manipulation task |
computer-using agents powered by vision-language | models | ai assistance | computer-using agents powered by vision-language models vlms have demonstrated human-like capabilities in operating digital environments like mobile platforms |
this tension points to the need for a more systematic study of how number influences | collective | human disturbance | this tension points to the need for a more systematic study of how number influences collective behavior |
moreover it gives access at the same time to the spatial distribution within the monolayer of the individual spin-segregated states responsible for the hidden | spin | hidden spin texture | moreover it gives access at the same time to the spatial distribution within the monolayer of the individual spin-segregated states responsible for the hidden spin textures not provided by other techniques |
first to ensure safety at the path-segment level a segment-wise conservative collision test is applied where risk-prone trajectory path segments are recursively subdivided until | collision | collision avoidance | first to ensure safety at the path-segment level a segment-wise conservative collision test is applied where risk-prone trajectory path segments are recursively subdivided until collision risks are eliminated |
in particular we introduce a variant of the virtual cross-validation formulas tailored to | quantile | quantile regression | in particular we introduce a variant of the virtual cross-validation formulas tailored to quantile functions |
to address these issues we propose in-context steered | policy | reinforcement learning | to address these issues we propose in-context steered policy optimization icpo a unified framework that leverages the inherent in-context learning capability of lrms to provide expert guidance using existing datasets |
bots a unified framework for bayesian online task selection in llm | reinforcement | reinforcement learning | bots a unified framework for bayesian online task selection in llm reinforcement finetuning |
our results demonstrate that models trained across animals with partial observations can successfully in-paint the dynamics of unrecorded areas enabling | multi-area | receptive fields | our results demonstrate that models trained across animals with partial observations can successfully in-paint the dynamics of unrecorded areas enabling multi-area analyses that transcend the limitations of any single experiment |
by mapping the system onto a gas of non-interacting spin-1 2 particles we derive exact analytical results for the dynamics with different | initial | initial states | by mapping the system onto a gas of non-interacting spin-1 2 particles we derive exact analytical results for the dynamics with different initial states |
extensive quantitative and qualitative experiments demonstrate that braincognizer outperforms state-of-the-art approaches on | multiple | cognitive neuroscience | extensive quantitative and qualitative experiments demonstrate that braincognizer outperforms state-of-the-art approaches on multiple evaluation metrics |
large language models llms show strong potential to support creative tasks but the role of the interface | design | language models | large language models llms show strong potential to support creative tasks but the role of the interface design is poorly understood |
stellar abundances of elements with production channels that are metallicity-dependent most notably aluminium have provided an empirical route for separating different | galactic | star formation rates | stellar abundances of elements with production channels that are metallicity-dependent most notably aluminium have provided an empirical route for separating different galactic components |
however prevailing strategies score candidates using only external | outputs | evaluation metrics | however prevailing strategies score candidates using only external outputs such as token probabilities entropies or self evaluations and these signals can be poorly calibrated after post training |
we revisit the classical problem of comparing regression | functions | regression function | we revisit the classical problem of comparing regression functions a fundamental question in statistical inference with broad relevance to modern applications such as data integration transfer learning and causal inference |
we suggest that interactions between parallel subnetworks in the brain may underlie such learning we present a model of representation learning by ensembles of neural networks where each network learns to encode stimuli into an | abstract | neural codes | we suggest that interactions between parallel subnetworks in the brain may underlie such learning we present a model of representation learning by ensembles of neural networks where each network learns to encode stimuli into an abstract representation space by cross-supervising interactions with other networks for inpu... |
in all cases in which the fokker-planck type equations can be treated through these distances it is shown that the rate of decay is improved with respect to known results which are based on the | decay | vacuum decay | in all cases in which the fokker-planck type equations can be treated through these distances it is shown that the rate of decay is improved with respect to known results which are based on the decay of relative entropy |
test-time alignment of large language models llms attracts attention because fine-tuning | llms | language models | test-time alignment of large language models llms attracts attention because fine-tuning llms requires high computational costs |
here we develop a mathematical model which uses an optimisation framework to determine the higher-order | spatial | spatial structure | here we develop a mathematical model which uses an optimisation framework to determine the higher-order spatial structure of a collective that optimises group-level knowledge transfer |
experiments on contemporary llms show that choosing an | effective | models llms | experiments on contemporary llms show that choosing an effective format and prompt combination can improve accuracy by up to 8 |
the model s superiority was further cemented by its leading | overall | significantly outperforms | the model s superiority was further cemented by its leading overall accuracy of 0 |
with the development of artificial intelligence ai techniques implementing ai-based techniques to improve | wireless | wireless systems | with the development of artificial intelligence ai techniques implementing ai-based techniques to improve wireless transceivers becomes an emerging research topic |
randomized experiments or randomized controlled | trials | randomized experiments | randomized experiments or randomized controlled trials rcts are gold standards for causal inference yet cost and sample-size constraints limit power |
while a multi-agent approach based on large language models | llms | llm agents | while a multi-agent approach based on large language models llms represents a promising strategy to surpass the capabilities of single models its success is critically dependent on synergistic team composition |
here we show that spin-1 nanographenes can also be used to explore the topological phase transition between the haldane phase and a dimerized | phase | phase transition | here we show that spin-1 nanographenes can also be used to explore the topological phase transition between the haldane phase and a dimerized phase predicted for spin-1 chains with bond-alternation |
by applying both exact diagonalization and density-matrix renormalization group theory to the quantum heisenberg hamiltonian we show how a quantum-mechanical treatment of an ab initio parametrized | spin | spin-momentum locking | by applying both exact diagonalization and density-matrix renormalization group theory to the quantum heisenberg hamiltonian we show how a quantum-mechanical treatment of an ab initio parametrized spin model can significantly improve the predicted low-temperature spin-flop field over a classical description when compar... |
in difference-in-differences did settings with categorical | outcomes | average treatment | in difference-in-differences did settings with categorical outcomes such as voting occupation or major choices treatments often affect both total counts e |
its important variant the interval dinkelbach method 1991 constructs convergent upper and lower bound sequences that bracket the solution and achieve quadratic and superlinear | convergence | superlinear convergence | its important variant the interval dinkelbach method 1991 constructs convergent upper and lower bound sequences that bracket the solution and achieve quadratic and superlinear convergence respectively under the assumption that the parametric function is twice continuously differentiable |
from incremental transitive cover to strongly | polynomial | strongly polynomial | from incremental transitive cover to strongly polynomial maximum flow |
this work propose a new network formation model the vari-linear network which includes two core mechanisms exponential probabilistic growth and | vari-linear | scale-free networks | this work propose a new network formation model the vari-linear network which includes two core mechanisms exponential probabilistic growth and vari-linear preferential attachment |
the system is implemented in ros gazebo turtlebot3 and evaluated with pathbench metrics including success rate collision rate path efficiency and re-planning | efficiency | mobile robots | the system is implemented in ros gazebo turtlebot3 and evaluated with pathbench metrics including success rate collision rate path efficiency and re-planning efficiency in dynamic and partially observable environments |
slt thus provides a formal framework for understanding the amplification and coherence of social energy leading to abrupt phase-like transitions in | collective | collective action | slt thus provides a formal framework for understanding the amplification and coherence of social energy leading to abrupt phase-like transitions in collective behavior |
the framework successfully diagnoses when scope conditions hold positive | decay | spatial decay | the framework successfully diagnoses when scope conditions hold positive decay parameters validate diffusion assumptions near hospitals while negative parameters correctly signal urban confounding effects |
we then use this idea to find overlooked critical numbers in past studies of | collective | collective systems | we then use this idea to find overlooked critical numbers in past studies of collective behavior and explore the implications for their conclusions |
the minimum cardinality any subset of the | tree | tree edit | the minimum cardinality any subset of the tree s vertices must have so that all clusters of vertices further away than some l do not exceed a cardinality threshold |
based on this model we first design a nominal stabilizing controller that guarantees stochastic l _2 string | stability | data-driven stabilization | based on this model we first design a nominal stabilizing controller that guarantees stochastic l _2 string stability under imperfect mode estimation |
these results demonstrate efficiency gains without cognitive change suggesting that current narrow ai | systems | ai agents | these results demonstrate efficiency gains without cognitive change suggesting that current narrow ai systems serve as cognitive scaffolds extending performance without transforming underlying mental capacities |
the emergence of large vision-language models vlms such as gpt and claude enables zero-shot semantic | reasoning | vision-language models | the emergence of large vision-language models vlms such as gpt and claude enables zero-shot semantic reasoning from visual and textual inputs |
this approach opens the way to the use of partial intercalation to define regions with distinct | magnetic | magnetic properties | this approach opens the way to the use of partial intercalation to define regions with distinct magnetic properties within a single flake |
this setting motivates us to align semantic information in | unstructured | natural language | this setting motivates us to align semantic information in unstructured text with the structured normative elements of regulations |
by evaluating agent responses with natural language processing models other llms and human experts our findings illustrate the limitations of purely deep learning solutions and emphasize the | critical | artificial intelligence | by evaluating agent responses with natural language processing models other llms and human experts our findings illustrate the limitations of purely deep learning solutions and emphasize the critical role of interdisciplinary design in agent development |
in this study we used a data-driven network approach to examine whether resting-state eeg | connectivity | functional connectivity | in this study we used a data-driven network approach to examine whether resting-state eeg connectivity patterns differentiate individuals according to their creative abilities |
self-gravitating galactic halos composed of self-interacting | dark | dark matter | self-gravitating galactic halos composed of self-interacting dark matter exhibit the formation of a highly dense core at the galactic center--a gravothermal collapse |
we characterize their minimax optimal decision rule via a duality argument and show that surprisingly trusting the predictions and acting accordingly is recovered in this minimax sense by emph decision calibration and any strictly stronger notion of | calibration | debiased machine learning | we characterize their minimax optimal decision rule via a duality argument and show that surprisingly trusting the predictions and acting accordingly is recovered in this minimax sense by emph decision calibration and any strictly stronger notion of calibration a substantially weaker and more tractable condition than f... |
plugging regression functions estimated by machine learning methods into the identifying equations can yield poor | performance | predictive performance | plugging regression functions estimated by machine learning methods into the identifying equations can yield poor performance because of first-stage bias |
we study this problem for weighted threshold potential functions a large and important subclass of monotone | submodular | monotone submodular | we study this problem for weighted threshold potential functions a large and important subclass of monotone submodular functions that includes influence maximization data summarization and facility location to name a few |
retrieval augmented generation-enhanced distributed | llm | llm agents | retrieval augmented generation-enhanced distributed llm agents for generalizable traffic signal control with emergency vehicles |
comap is a line intensity mapping lim experiment targeting dense | molecular | molecular gas | comap is a line intensity mapping lim experiment targeting dense molecular gas via co 1--0 emission at z sim3 |
however their reliability is often limited for subjective tasks when human judgments | involve | normative reasoning | however their reliability is often limited for subjective tasks when human judgments involve subtle reasoning beyond annotation labels |
in ate estimation the balancing weights and the regression functions of the outcome play important roles where the balancing weights are referred to as the | riesz | riesz regression | in ate estimation the balancing weights and the regression functions of the outcome play important roles where the balancing weights are referred to as the riesz representer bias-correction term and clever covariates depending on the context |
our general interaction framework which reduces to several previously studied models as special cases provides a versatile platform for engineering quantum correlations with applications in quantum | simulation | quantum computing | our general interaction framework which reduces to several previously studied models as special cases provides a versatile platform for engineering quantum correlations with applications in quantum simulation state preparation and sensing protocols |
additionally we used a gas-grain chemical code to simulate a pre-stellar | core | star formation | additionally we used a gas-grain chemical code to simulate a pre-stellar core and determine where ne can affect the chemistry |
we find that dwarf agn selected by infrared colors are the most distinct population with the highest star formation | rates | galactic nuclei | we find that dwarf agn selected by infrared colors are the most distinct population with the highest star formation rates and lowest stellar masses |
we study massachusetts towns april 2020-april 2021 build a weekly directed | mobility | mobility networks | we study massachusetts towns april 2020-april 2021 build a weekly directed mobility network from anonymized smartphone traces derive dynamic topology measures and evaluate their out-of-sample value for one-week-ahead covid-19 forecasts |
can llms translate human instructions into a reinforcement | learning | imitation learning | can llms translate human instructions into a reinforcement learning agent s internal emergent symbolic representation |
in difference to the typical case we show the interaction topology and system dynamics combine to produce power law abundance distributions in a critical region of the | phase | phase transition | in difference to the typical case we show the interaction topology and system dynamics combine to produce power law abundance distributions in a critical region of the phase diagram identifiable as a griffiths phase |
here we develop a general theoretical framework that establishes quantitative relationships between the strength and timing of transient dynamics to | various | scale-free networks | here we develop a general theoretical framework that establishes quantitative relationships between the strength and timing of transient dynamics to various inputs in heterogeneous networks |
to make inverse optimal issf controllers robust to gain variation we propose a | gain | control strategy | to make inverse optimal issf controllers robust to gain variation we propose a gain margin improvement approach at the expense of an increased control effort |
on average across countries the share of urban residents living in | cities | urban systems | on average across countries the share of urban residents living in cities with over one million people rose from 18 in 1975 to 39 in 2025 |
by leveraging dielectric waveguides and flexibly adjustable | pinching | pinching antenna | by leveraging dielectric waveguides and flexibly adjustable pinching antennas pass establishes short-distance line-of-sight los links while effectively mitigating the significant path loss and potential signal blockage making it a promising solution for high-frequency mec systems |
its sensitivity function avoids the sensitivity | tradeoff | sensitivity tradeoff | its sensitivity function avoids the sensitivity tradeoff achieving wideband harmonic suppression without amplifying aperiodic disturbances or shifting harmonic suppression frequencies |
in massive and dynamic data streams a central challenge is to design compact sketches that preserve essential structural properties of the | data | data structure | in massive and dynamic data streams a central challenge is to design compact sketches that preserve essential structural properties of the data while enabling efficient queries |
to ensure reward fidelity our automated grader calibration pipeline systematically purges noise from the llm-based | reward | reward density | to ensure reward fidelity our automated grader calibration pipeline systematically purges noise from the llm-based reward model with minimal human supervision |
the online method adapts to distribution shifts including human behavior evolving through | interaction | human-ai interaction | the online method adapts to distribution shifts including human behavior evolving through interaction with ai a phenomenon we call human to ai adaptation |
averaging the hamiltonian over the inner orbit we find that magnetic tides introduce new resonances | absent | tidal disruption | averaging the hamiltonian over the inner orbit we find that magnetic tides introduce new resonances absent at lower order leading to additional eccentricity excitations and significantly modifying the binary s long-term evolution |
this task can be viewed as a language generation task that bridges | natural | natural language processing | this task can be viewed as a language generation task that bridges natural language human knowledge and programming logic |
specifically it optimizes not only for the estimated objective value but also for the chances that the policy will be statistically significantly better than the observational | policy | policy learning | specifically it optimizes not only for the estimated objective value but also for the chances that the policy will be statistically significantly better than the observational policy used to collect data |
5-4b models across visual reasoning tasks demonstrate that our methods consistently improve visual reasoning | capabilities | reasoning curriculum | 5-4b models across visual reasoning tasks demonstrate that our methods consistently improve visual reasoning capabilities outperforming vanilla self-improvement by 3 |
we demonstrate the capabilities of this laser-arpes system by investigating several prototypical materials showcasing its potential for elucidating complex phenomena in | quantum | photonic devices | we demonstrate the capabilities of this laser-arpes system by investigating several prototypical materials showcasing its potential for elucidating complex phenomena in quantum materials |
when a high level decision making agent generates a | collision | collision avoidance | when a high level decision making agent generates a collision free path a robust low level controller is required to precisely follow this trajectory |
by linking behavioral attributes with environmental context mobilitygen reproduces key | patterns | emergent behaviors | by linking behavioral attributes with environmental context mobilitygen reproduces key patterns such as scaling laws for location visits activity time allocation and the coupled evolution of travel mode and destination choices |
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