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our hybrid plasmonic waveguide architecture capable of supporting both strong and weak coupling regimes between plasmonic and dielectric | waveguide | waveguide modes | our hybrid plasmonic waveguide architecture capable of supporting both strong and weak coupling regimes between plasmonic and dielectric waveguide modes is precisely engineered to reach an ep where eigenmodes coalesce |
the performance of large language models llms often degrades when | crucial | large language | the performance of large language models llms often degrades when crucial information is in the middle of a long context a lost-in-the-middle phenomenon that mirrors the primacy and recency effects in human memory |
the derived results suggest that the mechanism for | ionic | ionic conduction | the derived results suggest that the mechanism for ionic conduction is the correlated barrier hopping cbh process |
in this paper we combine adaptation and control barrier functions into a real-time control architecture that guarantees stability ensures | control | control systems | in this paper we combine adaptation and control barrier functions into a real-time control architecture that guarantees stability ensures control performance and remains safe even with the parametric uncertainties |
sir models with demography random transmission coefficient and non-autonomous | vaccination | disease transmission | sir models with demography random transmission coefficient and non-autonomous vaccination rate |
steervlm robust model control through lightweight activation steering for vision | language | vision-language models vlms | steervlm robust model control through lightweight activation steering for vision language models |
as autonomous agents from self-driving cars to virtual assistants become increasingly present in everyday life safe and effective collaboration depends on human understanding of | agents | automated driving | as autonomous agents from self-driving cars to virtual assistants become increasingly present in everyday life safe and effective collaboration depends on human understanding of agents intentions |
working in a suitable space of trajectories where a partial smoothing property of the linear part of the | hjb | hjb equation | working in a suitable space of trajectories where a partial smoothing property of the linear part of the hjb equations holds |
in particular we highlight how deterministic approximations of | stochastic | stochastic differential | in particular we highlight how deterministic approximations of stochastic models can fail near critical numbers |
large language models llms have demonstrated exceptional | capabilities | large language models llms | large language models llms have demonstrated exceptional capabilities across multiple domains by leveraging massive pre-training and curated fine-tuning data |
existing automated approaches though increasingly leveraging large | language | language models | existing automated approaches though increasingly leveraging large language models llms remain largely confined to structured tabular data and cannot adequately address the heterogeneity of social media analysis |
in decode we grow galaxies with their sfr linked to halo accretion rate distributions via | abundance | stellar mass function | in decode we grow galaxies with their sfr linked to halo accretion rate distributions via abundance matching |
the growing success of vision-language-action vla models stems from the promise that pretrained vision-language models vlms can endow | agents | learning agents | the growing success of vision-language-action vla models stems from the promise that pretrained vision-language models vlms can endow agents with transferable world knowledge and vision-language vl grounding laying a foundation for action models with broader generalization |
we investigate the relationship between disc winds radio jets accretion rates and black hole | masses | stellar mass | we investigate the relationship between disc winds radio jets accretion rates and black hole masses of a sample of sim 100k quasars at z approx 2 |
the growing complexity of integrated photonics necessitates compact low-power | devices | photonic crystal | the growing complexity of integrated photonics necessitates compact low-power devices that transcend traditional material-centric design approaches |
we formulate the problem as a markov decision process and analyze the structure of the optimal | policy | state estimation | we formulate the problem as a markov decision process and analyze the structure of the optimal policy pi star for l 3 extending insights to arbitrary l |
however existing methods often rely on prior knowledge of problem parameters-such as smoothness | convexity | first-order methods | however existing methods often rely on prior knowledge of problem parameters-such as smoothness convexity or communication network topologies-to determine appropriate stepsizes |
deep reinforcement learning approach to qosaware load balancing in 5g cellular networks under user | mobility | reinforcement learning | deep reinforcement learning approach to qosaware load balancing in 5g cellular networks under user mobility and observation uncertainty |
existing approaches often assume linear relationships between covariates and parameters oversimplifying the complex non-monotonic | interactions | traffic dynamics | existing approaches often assume linear relationships between covariates and parameters oversimplifying the complex non-monotonic interactions among different road users |
defining the urban local with low dimensional manifolds of human | mobility | large cities | defining the urban local with low dimensional manifolds of human mobility networks |
momentum-resolved reflectivity of a 2d photonic | crystal | optical properties | momentum-resolved reflectivity of a 2d photonic crystal in the near-infrared |
validated in high-fidelity simulation with realistic quadrotor dynamics the resulting policies significantly outperform both a standard | reinforcement | deep reinforcement learning | validated in high-fidelity simulation with realistic quadrotor dynamics the resulting policies significantly outperform both a standard reinforcement learning baseline and a state-of-the-art game-theoretic planner |
while a tight conversion from epsilon -dp to zcdp | exists | approximation guarantee | while a tight conversion from epsilon -dp to zcdp exists for the worst-case mechanism many common algorithms satisfy stronger guarantees |
kagome metals are an intriguing class of quantum materials as the presence of both flat bands and dirac points provides access to functional | properties | quantum materials | kagome metals are an intriguing class of quantum materials as the presence of both flat bands and dirac points provides access to functional properties present in strongly correlated and topological materials |
urban transportation networks are inherently vulnerable to | disruptions | traffic dynamics | urban transportation networks are inherently vulnerable to disruptions that affect connectivity and passenger mobility |
constructing a quantum algorithm for this problem with a query complexity improving the upper bound o n 7 4 is an | open | open quantum | constructing a quantum algorithm for this problem with a query complexity improving the upper bound o n 7 4 is an open problem |
we present combined jwst nirspec and miri mrs integral field spectroscopy data of the nuclear and circumnuclear regions of the highly dust obscured seyfert 2 galaxy ngc 7582 which is part of the | sample | massive galaxies | we present combined jwst nirspec and miri mrs integral field spectroscopy data of the nuclear and circumnuclear regions of the highly dust obscured seyfert 2 galaxy ngc 7582 which is part of the sample of agn in the galaxy activity torus and outflow survey gatos |
solving for globally optimal line switching decisions in | ac | optimal power flow | solving for globally optimal line switching decisions in ac transmission grids can be intractability slow |
we present a quantum-enhanced protocol for detecting wave-like dark matter using an array of | n | quantum correlations | we present a quantum-enhanced protocol for detecting wave-like dark matter using an array of n entangled superconducting cavities initialized in an m -photon fock state |
bridging prediction and attribution identifying forward and backward causal influence ranges using assimilative | causal | causal inference | bridging prediction and attribution identifying forward and backward causal influence ranges using assimilative causal inference |
this study develops a real-time framework for estimating pedestrian | crash | crash risk | this study develops a real-time framework for estimating pedestrian crash risk at signalized intersections under heterogeneous non-lane-based traffic |
however due to the high penetration loss at high-frequencies blockage becomes a serious problem in thz communications especially in near-field indoor | communications | wireless communication | however due to the high penetration loss at high-frequencies blockage becomes a serious problem in thz communications especially in near-field indoor communications with numerous obstacles |
to realize this vision we introduce asynchronous thinking asyncthink as a new paradigm of reasoning with large | language | large language | to realize this vision we introduce asynchronous thinking asyncthink as a new paradigm of reasoning with large language models which organizes the internal thinking process into concurrently executable structures |
we evaluate our hierarchical reconstruction approach on three examples 1d translational motion 2d rotational | motion | optical flow | we evaluate our hierarchical reconstruction approach on three examples 1d translational motion 2d rotational motion and dynamic 3d scene deformation via gaussian splatting |
to further progress our understanding of how algorithms work in | practice | online algorithm | to further progress our understanding of how algorithms work in practice we propose a new algorithm analysis framework that we call by the book analysis |
the good agreement with experimental estimates demonstrates how time-independent variational calculations of excited states using density functionals can give accurate results and thereby provide a powerful screening tool for identifying other defect systems as candidates for | quantum | quantum materials | the good agreement with experimental estimates demonstrates how time-independent variational calculations of excited states using density functionals can give accurate results and thereby provide a powerful screening tool for identifying other defect systems as candidates for quantum technologies |
the end-to-end system couples free-space path loss beer--lambert atmospheric extinction pixel-level diffraction and optical efficiency with a unitary-pilot least-squares | channel | channel estimation | the end-to-end system couples free-space path loss beer--lambert atmospheric extinction pixel-level diffraction and optical efficiency with a unitary-pilot least-squares channel estimator and quantized phase feedback |
this paper also considers energy consumption in the path | planning | obstacle avoidance | this paper also considers energy consumption in the path planning of automated guided vehicles agvs |
arbitrary-scale video super-resolution avsr aims to enhance the resolution of | video | video generation | arbitrary-scale video super-resolution avsr aims to enhance the resolution of video frames potentially at various scaling factors which presents several challenges regarding spatial detail reproduction temporal consistency and computational complexity |
conformal prediction beyond the horizon distribution-free inference for | policy | policy learning | conformal prediction beyond the horizon distribution-free inference for policy evaluation |
moreover under specific assumptions on the adaptive momentum parameters we prove that the algorithm achieves an o 1 k 1 2 | convergence | convergence rate | moreover under specific assumptions on the adaptive momentum parameters we prove that the algorithm achieves an o 1 k 1 2 convergence rate in terms of the distance between successive iterates |
we first present a benchmark algorithm and then introduce a locally | adaptive | existing methods | we first present a benchmark algorithm and then introduce a locally adaptive refinement and split-sample procedures that broaden applicability |
our approach leverages variable importance of each channel inside machine-learning-based decoders and we trial this methodology across three | applications | neural codes | our approach leverages variable importance of each channel inside machine-learning-based decoders and we trial this methodology across three applications seizure detection gesture recognition and force regression |
this study demonstrates that providing language models with pragmatic theories as prompts is an effective in-context learning approach for tasks to | understand | context engineering | this study demonstrates that providing language models with pragmatic theories as prompts is an effective in-context learning approach for tasks to understand implied meanings |
in this paper we leverage stochastic projection and lossy compression to establish new conditional | mutual | loss functions | in this paper we leverage stochastic projection and lossy compression to establish new conditional mutual information cmi bounds on the generalization error of statistical learning algorithms |
we investigate potential heating mechanisms including direct agn photoionisation uv fluorescent excitation from young star | clusters | star-forming region | we investigate potential heating mechanisms including direct agn photoionisation uv fluorescent excitation from young star clusters and shock excitation |
o vi emission is brightest surrounding small | clumpy | dense gas | o vi emission is brightest surrounding small clumpy structures near the galaxy where the gas density is high |
these locations were subsequently characterized using a range of spatial and environmental indicators pertinent to urban heat island effects | urban | urban systems | these locations were subsequently characterized using a range of spatial and environmental indicators pertinent to urban heat island effects urban health and climate resilience |
our framework thus provides a unified foundation for analyzing and improving the efficiency of fundamental | string-processing | pattern matching | our framework thus provides a unified foundation for analyzing and improving the efficiency of fundamental string-processing problems through the lens of prefix queries |
in particular we show that narrower degree distributions contain longer shortest | loops | network structures | in particular we show that narrower degree distributions contain longer shortest loops as a universal property in a wide class of random networks |
experimenting with llama-3 and qwen-3 models of different sizes and popular supervised fine-tuning sft and preference optimization datasets and algorithms we find that the sft phase generally establishes a model s values and subsequent | preference | preference optimization | experimenting with llama-3 and qwen-3 models of different sizes and popular supervised fine-tuning sft and preference optimization datasets and algorithms we find that the sft phase generally establishes a model s values and subsequent preference optimization rarely re-aligns these values |
it first derives the bounding box layout through an implicit box vector-set diffusion process a task that implicit | diffusion | diffusion models | it first derives the bounding box layout through an implicit box vector-set diffusion process a task that implicit diffusion handles effectively since box tokens contain little geometric detail |
assessing scenario coverage is crucial for evaluating the robustness of | autonomous | scenario coverage | assessing scenario coverage is crucial for evaluating the robustness of autonomous agents yet existing methods rely on expensive human annotations or computationally intensive large vision-language models lvlms |
the proposed framework uses a simple and effective rejection sampling method to reconstruct these | traces | thinking traces | the proposed framework uses a simple and effective rejection sampling method to reconstruct these traces at scale |
additionally the relatively low sensitivity of non-invasive neural measures limits the interpretation of null findings in | studies | surrogate brain | additionally the relatively low sensitivity of non-invasive neural measures limits the interpretation of null findings in studies targeting proper nccs |
by having two parties transmit phase encoded weak coherent pulses wcp to an untrusted central node the tf-qkd exploits | single-photon | single photons | by having two parties transmit phase encoded weak coherent pulses wcp to an untrusted central node the tf-qkd exploits single-photon interference to achieve secret key rates scaling as square-root of channel length enabling quantum-secured communication over unprecedented distances |
drawing on recent research into the neural basis of visual | awareness | visual stimuli | drawing on recent research into the neural basis of visual awareness we propose that spatial simulation and perceptual experience depend on shared representational geometries captured by higher-order indices of perceptual relations |
ofdm is widely adopted in modern wireless communication systems but its | power | transmit power | ofdm is widely adopted in modern wireless communication systems but its power efficiency is limited by high envelope fluctuations |
these results clarify when cpa modifies amplitudes versus spectral poles offer practical guidance for data presentation and indicate that cpa alone is not a route to linewidth suppression or polaromechanical | mode | waveguide modes | these results clarify when cpa modifies amplitudes versus spectral poles offer practical guidance for data presentation and indicate that cpa alone is not a route to linewidth suppression or polaromechanical mode splitting in the linear weak-probe regime |
while current models show promise it remains an open | question | abstract representations | while current models show promise it remains an open question whether this alignment is superficial or reflects a deeper correspondence in the underlying dimensions of representation |
simultaneously strongly aligning with human | visual | vision-language models | simultaneously strongly aligning with human visual attention |
to address these limitations we propose securereviewer a new approach designed for enhancing llms ability to identify and resolve security-related | issues | security issues | to address these limitations we propose securereviewer a new approach designed for enhancing llms ability to identify and resolve security-related issues during code review |
magnetic phase transitions between ordered phases are often understood on the basis of semi-classical | spin | hidden spin | magnetic phase transitions between ordered phases are often understood on the basis of semi-classical spin models |
intuitively the answer appears straightforward when a particular mode is both temporally well | confined | coherent control | intuitively the answer appears straightforward when a particular mode is both temporally well confined i |
recently researchers have been cautioned against using preliminary tests which aim to detect violations of | parallel | parallel trends | recently researchers have been cautioned against using preliminary tests which aim to detect violations of parallel trends in the pre-treatment period |
beyond identifying causal connections an equally important challenge is determining the associated causal influence range cir indicating when | causal | causal effects | beyond identifying causal connections an equally important challenge is determining the associated causal influence range cir indicating when causal influences emerged and for how long they persist |
the local gaussian correlation networks among return | tails | local gaussian | the local gaussian correlation networks among return tails in the chinese stock market |
focusing on simpler statistical methods we examine the design-based properties of regression-based methods for estimating treatment effects in | time-series | time-series experiments | focusing on simpler statistical methods we examine the design-based properties of regression-based methods for estimating treatment effects in time-series experiments |
enabling continual learning in llms remains a | key | federated learning | enabling continual learning in llms remains a key unresolved research challenge |
in this paper we systematically evaluate llms | reasoning | llm agents | in this paper we systematically evaluate llms reasoning capabilities in the normative domain from both logical and modal perspectives |
this paper develops a unified framework for identifying | spatial | treatment effect | this paper develops a unified framework for identifying spatial and temporal boundaries of treatment effects in difference-in-differences designs |
we find that most of the stars in our bulges are formed in-situ but 33 of our | bulges | bulge stars | we find that most of the stars in our bulges are formed in-situ but 33 of our bulges show a non-negligible contribution of stellar accretion from satellites which could add to about 35 of the population |
we believe the most compelling evidence arises when the model itself | freely | extensive experiments | we believe the most compelling evidence arises when the model itself freely reproduces the target content |
differentially private two-stage gradient descent for | instrumental | instrumental variable | differentially private two-stage gradient descent for instrumental variable regression |
time division duplexing tdd has become the dominant duplexing mode in 5g and beyond due to its ability to exploit channel reciprocity for efficient downlink | channel | channel estimation | time division duplexing tdd has become the dominant duplexing mode in 5g and beyond due to its ability to exploit channel reciprocity for efficient downlink channel state information csi acquisition |
we determine the asymptotic type distribution observed in a single host in the limit of large host and virus | populations | population size | we determine the asymptotic type distribution observed in a single host in the limit of large host and virus populations under asymptotic rate assumptions by tracing back the ancestry of the sample |
certification and classification of linear quantum | error | quantum coherence | certification and classification of linear quantum error mitigation methods |
angular steering generalizes existing addition and orthogonalization techniques under a unified | geometric | angular steering | angular steering generalizes existing addition and orthogonalization techniques under a unified geometric rotation framework simplifying parameter selection and maintaining model stability across a broader range of adjustments |
star quasiconvexity an unified approach for linear | convergence | convergence guarantees | star quasiconvexity an unified approach for linear convergence of first-order methods beyond convexity |
this paper proposes a novel paradigm for machine | learning | machine learning | this paper proposes a novel paradigm for machine learning that moves beyond traditional parameter optimization |
in retrospect k -errata trees appear very well optimized even though a large body of work has adapted k -errata | trees | -errata trees | in retrospect k -errata trees appear very well optimized even though a large body of work has adapted k -errata trees to various settings throughout the past two decades the original time-space trade-off for k -mismatch indexing has not been improved in the general case |
in particular k -errata trees yield an elegant solution to k -mismatch queries where we are to report all substrings of the text with hamming distance at most k to the | query | -errata trees | in particular k -errata trees yield an elegant solution to k -mismatch queries where we are to report all substrings of the text with hamming distance at most k to the query pattern |
optimal bidding and coordinated dispatch of hybrid | energy | optimal power | optimal bidding and coordinated dispatch of hybrid energy systems in regulation markets |
the local convergence of such optimization algorithms on functions that have lipschitz continuous | p | local convergence | the local convergence of such optimization algorithms on functions that have lipschitz continuous p th derivatives and are uniformly convex of order q has been studied by doikov and nesterov math |
we investigate the chemical content of 22 well-studied massive protostars from the sofia massive soma star formation survey aiming to identify correlations between | chemical | stellar mass | we investigate the chemical content of 22 well-studied massive protostars from the sofia massive soma star formation survey aiming to identify correlations between chemical and physical parameters |
our findings suggest that multilingual data when balanced appropriately can enhance language model | capabilities | vision-language models | our findings suggest that multilingual data when balanced appropriately can enhance language model capabilities without compromising performance even in low-resource settings |
outdated channel state information or as is particularly relevant for satellite channels when position | estimates | channel state | outdated channel state information or as is particularly relevant for satellite channels when position estimates are erroneous |
semantic representations emerge in biologically inspired ensembles of | cross-supervising | neural networks | semantic representations emerge in biologically inspired ensembles of cross-supervising neural networks |
metric entropy and minimax risk of ellipsoids with an | application | minimax risk | metric entropy and minimax risk of ellipsoids with an application to pinsker s theorem |
combined with lightweight classifiers and a pipelined | readout | qubit readout | combined with lightweight classifiers and a pipelined readout design our approach both reduces logical error rate by up to 35x and overall qec cycle time up to 1 |
this dataset serves two key purposes 1 enabling robust training of deep learning models on extensive heterogeneous data and 2 facilitating rigorous evaluation of model generalization for | ct | image reconstruction | this dataset serves two key purposes 1 enabling robust training of deep learning models on extensive heterogeneous data and 2 facilitating rigorous evaluation of model generalization for ct reconstruction |
samples were subjected to varied thermal and vibrational conditions and their crystallization onset and morphological evolution were examined through optical microscopy scanning electron microscopy sem energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy eds and atomic force | microscopy | atomic force microscopy | samples were subjected to varied thermal and vibrational conditions and their crystallization onset and morphological evolution were examined through optical microscopy scanning electron microscopy sem energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy eds and atomic force microscopy afm |
we hope our results show the potential of looplm as a novel | scaling | mathematical reasoning | we hope our results show the potential of looplm as a novel scaling direction in the reasoning era |
we further show that abstention is a versatile tool with direct applications to other core problems in policy learning it yields improved guarantees under margin conditions without the common realizability assumption connects to distributionally robust policy learning by hedging against small data shifts and supports s... | policy | policy learning | we further show that abstention is a versatile tool with direct applications to other core problems in policy learning it yields improved guarantees under margin conditions without the common realizability assumption connects to distributionally robust policy learning by hedging against small data shifts and supports s... |
in this study we investigate the wavelength dependence of the self-diffracted signal generated by a femtosecond pulsed laser in a dye solution to directly evaluate the electronic third-order | nonlinear | nonlinear optical | in this study we investigate the wavelength dependence of the self-diffracted signal generated by a femtosecond pulsed laser in a dye solution to directly evaluate the electronic third-order nonlinear susceptibility spectrum |
accurate and timely travel information is an asset for enhancing passenger travel experience during normal | traffic | traffic dynamics | accurate and timely travel information is an asset for enhancing passenger travel experience during normal traffic and for mitigating the discomforts during disruptions |
we present a theoretical framework for quantum-coherent nonlinear interferometry in which the | nonlinear | quantum dot | we present a theoretical framework for quantum-coherent nonlinear interferometry in which the nonlinear medium is modeled as active electron-phonon quantum systems rather than a passive chi 2 converter |
while many studies rely on branch length information the topology of | phylogenetic | phylogenetic diversity | while many studies rely on branch length information the topology of phylogenetic trees particularly their degree of imbalance offers a robust framework for inferring evolutionary dynamics when timing data is uncertain |
finding a computational model has proven elusive particularly because of conflation of consciousness with other cognitive capabilities exhibited by humans such as | intelligence | artificial intelligence | finding a computational model has proven elusive particularly because of conflation of consciousness with other cognitive capabilities exhibited by humans such as intelligence and physiological sensations |
ultimately we analyze cutting-edge detection methodologies ranging from 2d and 3d pipelines to hybrid sensor fusion with particular attention to emerging transformer-driven approaches powered by vision transformers vits large and small | language | vision-language models vlms | ultimately we analyze cutting-edge detection methodologies ranging from 2d and 3d pipelines to hybrid sensor fusion with particular attention to emerging transformer-driven approaches powered by vision transformers vits large and small language models slms and vlms |
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