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numerical simulations indicate that asymmetric perturbations can alter soliton separations or destroy these | states | phase transitions | numerical simulations indicate that asymmetric perturbations can alter soliton separations or destroy these states while the imposed pump phase difference plays a key role in cluster selection |
our analysis loosely favours local starburst | activity | star clusters | our analysis loosely favours local starburst activity as the driver of the shocks and circumnuclear gas dynamics in ngc 7582 though the possibility of an agn jet contribution cannot be excluded |
smbhs are evolved following the stellar mass growth of their host galaxies by assigning an accretion rate at each redshift from the empirical eddington | ratio | stellar mass function | smbhs are evolved following the stellar mass growth of their host galaxies by assigning an accretion rate at each redshift from the empirical eddington ratio distributions and duty cycles |
with the development of artificial intelligence ai techniques implementing ai-based techniques to improve | wireless | wireless communication | with the development of artificial intelligence ai techniques implementing ai-based techniques to improve wireless transceivers becomes an emerging research topic |
we propose a new and more substantively appropriate conditional extrapolation assumption which requires an analyst to conduct a preliminary test to determine whether the severity of pre-treatment | parallel | treatment effect boundaries | we propose a new and more substantively appropriate conditional extrapolation assumption which requires an analyst to conduct a preliminary test to determine whether the severity of pre-treatment parallel trend violations falls below an acceptable level before extrapolation to the post-treatment period is justified |
if the reward structures of the human-agent game meet these conditions we have a formal guarantee that the | agent | reward density | if the reward structures of the human-agent game meet these conditions we have a formal guarantee that the agent improving its own outcome will not harm the human s |
strong empirical evidence from laboratory experiments and more recently from population surveys shows that individuals when evaluating their situations pay attention to whether they experience gains or losses with | losses | potential outcomes | strong empirical evidence from laboratory experiments and more recently from population surveys shows that individuals when evaluating their situations pay attention to whether they experience gains or losses with losses weighing more heavily than gains |
this learned geometric knowledge can then be distilled to perform generalized | tool | geometric primitives | this learned geometric knowledge can then be distilled to perform generalized tool usage tasks by selecting and using the best available real-world object as tool |
traditional approaches require costly numerical | solvers | existing methods | traditional approaches require costly numerical solvers to sample between arbitrary time points |
adam is the de facto optimizer in deep learning yet its theoretical | understanding | neural network | adam is the de facto optimizer in deep learning yet its theoretical understanding remains limited |
the accretion is viscosity-limited when q alpha xi 1 mathcal m 2 3 3 1 2 h 3 where q is the mass ratio between the co and the | supermassive | black hole mass | the accretion is viscosity-limited when q alpha xi 1 mathcal m 2 3 3 1 2 h 3 where q is the mass ratio between the co and the supermassive black hole alpha the viscosity parameter mathcal m the mach number of the bulk relative motion and h the aspect ratio of the agn disc |
swiech stochastic optimal control in infinite dimensions dynamic | programming | dynamic programming | swiech stochastic optimal control in infinite dimensions dynamic programming and hjb equations springer 2017 |
in this control algorithm each host vehicle negotiates with other agents in a control zone of the highway network and enacts its own action to perform | safe | control strategy | in this control algorithm each host vehicle negotiates with other agents in a control zone of the highway network and enacts its own action to perform safe and energy-efficient merge maneuvers |
furthermore the moving mass dynamics are expressed as an extension to the manoeuvring model for | underwater | moving mass | furthermore the moving mass dynamics are expressed as an extension to the manoeuvring model for underwater vehicles originally introduced by fossen 1991 |
in decode we grow galaxies with their sfr linked to halo accretion rate distributions via | abundance | stellar population | in decode we grow galaxies with their sfr linked to halo accretion rate distributions via abundance matching |
to overcome the potential non-smoothness of the | hyper-objective | objective function | to overcome the potential non-smoothness of the hyper-objective and the computational challenges associated with the hessian matrix we utilize penalty and augmented lagrangian methods to reformulate the original problem as a single-level one |
multimodal large language models mllms have advanced | vision-language | vision-language models vlms | multimodal large language models mllms have advanced vision-language reasoning and are increasingly deployed in embodied agents |
the growing complexity of integrated photonics necessitates compact low-power | devices | photonic circuits | the growing complexity of integrated photonics necessitates compact low-power devices that transcend traditional material-centric design approaches |
this setting motivates us to align semantic information in unstructured text with the structured | normative | normative reasoning | this setting motivates us to align semantic information in unstructured text with the structured normative elements of regulations |
the determination of the phase diagram of water ice under extreme conditions remains a fundamental | challenge | phase transition | the determination of the phase diagram of water ice under extreme conditions remains a fundamental challenge in high-pressure physics |
further enhancement of the breakdown voltage was achieved by tunneling leakage management using composite pt cap ptox | pt | ptox pt | further enhancement of the breakdown voltage was achieved by tunneling leakage management using composite pt cap ptox pt 1 |
notably the learned policies transfer directly from simulation to hardware without fine-tuning achieving | stable | reinforcement learning | notably the learned policies transfer directly from simulation to hardware without fine-tuning achieving stable real-world locomotion |
ops problems are computationally challenging mixed-integer | linear | quadratic programming | ops problems are computationally challenging mixed-integer linear programs milps that must be solved rapidly and frequently in operational settings |
the latter is decomposed into individual and coupling costs with the distinctive feature that the | coupling | predictive control | the latter is decomposed into individual and coupling costs with the distinctive feature that the coupling term is a pairwise interaction function between the controls |
unveiling intrinsic text bias in multimodal large | language | large language | unveiling intrinsic text bias in multimodal large language models through attention key-space analysis |
we demonstrate that a nonlinear sis can improve communication reliability compared to a linear sis by forming complex signal patterns across the | sis | wireless systems | we demonstrate that a nonlinear sis can improve communication reliability compared to a linear sis by forming complex signal patterns across the sis surface which provide higher diversity against noise disturbances while still allowing the receiver to discern these patterns |
in subsequent years a host of new methods was introduced that measured both the synchrony among neuronal | spike | spike train | in subsequent years a host of new methods was introduced that measured both the synchrony among neuronal spike trains and the directional component e |
braincognizer brain decoding with human visual | cognition | brain decoding | braincognizer brain decoding with human visual cognition simulation for fmri-to-image reconstruction |
modern vision-language models vlms excel at many | multimodal | vision-language models | modern vision-language models vlms excel at many multimodal tasks yet their grasp of temporal information in video remains weak and crucially under-evaluated |
these contributions highlight domain-specific insights that have shaped the design of an immersive | ar | augmented reality | these contributions highlight domain-specific insights that have shaped the design of an immersive ar theater system |
yet an important question still remains are video models ready to serve as zero-shot reasoners in challenging visual | reasoning | spatial reasoning | yet an important question still remains are video models ready to serve as zero-shot reasoners in challenging visual reasoning scenarios |
additionally we introduce securebleu a new evaluation metric designed to assess the effectiveness of | review | review comments | additionally we introduce securebleu a new evaluation metric designed to assess the effectiveness of review comments in addressing security issues |
early-assembling high-concentration halos form | stars | stellar mass | early-assembling high-concentration halos form stars efficiently and become gas-poor by z 0 while late-assembling low-concentration halos remain gas-rich due to delayed star formation and rejuvenated gas accretion |
we model financial distress propagation as a diffusion process on weighted networks deriving a network diffusion equation from first principles that predicts contagion decay depends on the | network | network fragility | we model financial distress propagation as a diffusion process on weighted networks deriving a network diffusion equation from first principles that predicts contagion decay depends on the network s algebraic connectivity through the relation kappa sqrt lambda_2 d where lambda_2 is the second-smallest eigenvalue of the... |
the complexity bounds we obtain are confirmed numerically for a specific case with the o n 2 quantum algorithm outperforming the classical greedy | algorithm | quantum walk | the complexity bounds we obtain are confirmed numerically for a specific case with the o n 2 quantum algorithm outperforming the classical greedy algorithm that also runs in o n 2 |
specifically to assess how well llms reason with normative modals we make a comparison between their reasoning with | normative | reasoning capabilities | specifically to assess how well llms reason with normative modals we make a comparison between their reasoning with normative modals and their reasoning with epistemic modals which share a common formal structure |
overall they are not yet reliable as standalone zero-shot reasoners but exhibit encouraging signs as complementary visual engines alongside dedicated | reasoning | reasoning capabilities | overall they are not yet reliable as standalone zero-shot reasoners but exhibit encouraging signs as complementary visual engines alongside dedicated reasoning models |
this paper introduces a dual-learning framework that integrates individualized learning | rates | learning rates | this paper introduces a dual-learning framework that integrates individualized learning rates for agents and a rewiring rate for the network reflecting real-world cognitive diversity and structural adaptability |
learning a compact representation of history is critical for planning and generalization in | partially | temporal resolution | learning a compact representation of history is critical for planning and generalization in partially observable environments |
through a comprehensive evaluation across various configurations we demonstrate that the system effectively performs | diacritization | natural language processing | through a comprehensive evaluation across various configurations we demonstrate that the system effectively performs diacritization without relying on complex explicit linguistic analysis |
existing benchmarks have widely leveraged high school math competitions for evaluating mathematical reasoning | capabilities | language models | existing benchmarks have widely leveraged high school math competitions for evaluating mathematical reasoning capabilities of large language models llms |
while photonic lanterns efficiently and uniquely map a set of input | modes | waveguide modes | while photonic lanterns efficiently and uniquely map a set of input modes to single-mode outputs or vice versa the optical mode transfer matrix of any particular fabricated device cannot be constrained at the design stage due to manufacturing imperfections |
low-altitude uav-carried movable antenna for joint wireless | power | transmit power | low-altitude uav-carried movable antenna for joint wireless power transfer and covert communications |
we show that our estimation strategy fully exploits the multidimensional assignment rule and reveals | heterogeneous | treatment effect boundaries | we show that our estimation strategy fully exploits the multidimensional assignment rule and reveals heterogeneous effects along the treatment boundaries |
phase shifts switches and beam splits allow for the construction of arbitrary | quantum | quantum dot | phase shifts switches and beam splits allow for the construction of arbitrary quantum gates |
these findings highlight challenges in achieving logical consistency in llms normative | reasoning | reasoning capabilities | these findings highlight challenges in achieving logical consistency in llms normative reasoning and provide insights for enhancing their reliability |
however these methods assume that only one object is provided and that it is possible with the correct grasp to perform the task they are not capable of identifying grasping and using the best object for a task when many are available especially when the optimal | tool | tool usage | however these methods assume that only one object is provided and that it is possible with the correct grasp to perform the task they are not capable of identifying grasping and using the best object for a task when many are available especially when the optimal tool is absent |
we show that scmd is a proper metric and provide a consistent estimator with | theoretical | theoretical guarantees | we show that scmd is a proper metric and provide a consistent estimator with theoretical guarantees |
we provide a rigorous theoretical analysis of our proposals and | complement | simulation studies | we provide a rigorous theoretical analysis of our proposals and complement it with supporting simulations |
traditional graph_theoretic metrics such as betweenness and degree | centrality | scale-free networks | traditional graph_theoretic metrics such as betweenness and degree centrality offer insights into local network structure but often fail to capture global structural distortions resulting from link failures |
here we demonstrate that reinforcement learning rl and supervised learning sl drive | recurrent | continual learning | here we demonstrate that reinforcement learning rl and supervised learning sl drive recurrent neural networks rnns toward fundamentally different computational solutions when trained on identical decision-making tasks |
after deriving a non-convex mathematical model of the problem we | prove | strongly convex | after deriving a non-convex mathematical model of the problem we prove that the feasible region of this problem is a lattice |
empirically we construct a dataset of math word problems injected with various number of irrelevant axioms that vary in | semantic | question answering | empirically we construct a dataset of math word problems injected with various number of irrelevant axioms that vary in semantic overlap with the goal theorem |
empirically our algorithms consistently outperform | existing | real-world datasets | empirically our algorithms consistently outperform existing baselines in terms of size-accuracy tradeoffs and runtime even when data assumptions are violated across a wide range of datasets |
we provide an algorithm that finds a 1 epsilon -approximate solution to this problem using o d 1 3 epsilon 1 epsilon 2 log n | epsilon | -approximation algorithm | we provide an algorithm that finds a 1 epsilon -approximate solution to this problem using o d 1 3 epsilon 1 epsilon 2 log n epsilon linear system solves |
this work underscores the potential of cas as proactive human-machine interface hmi interventions demonstrating how natural language can support context-aware interaction during | automated | automated driving | this work underscores the potential of cas as proactive human-machine interface hmi interventions demonstrating how natural language can support context-aware interaction during automated driving |
in addition we propose an marginal likelihood | estimator | maximum likelihood | in addition we propose an marginal likelihood estimator to enable model comparison across alternative specifications |
through fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurement and full-wave photonic simulations we identified a range of optical excitations in the rbs including three sphps two hyperbolic volume | phonon | phonon polaritons | through fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurement and full-wave photonic simulations we identified a range of optical excitations in the rbs including three sphps two hyperbolic volume phonon polaritons hvphps and one epsilon-near-zero enz mode |
while recent llm-based approaches improve over static templates they still generate noisy fragmented graphs with duplicate nodes due to the absence of guided extraction and | coreference | node duplication | while recent llm-based approaches improve over static templates they still generate noisy fragmented graphs with duplicate nodes due to the absence of guided extraction and coreference resolution |
a novel two-stage optimization approach mitigates numerical issues arising from the structure of the resulting | optimal | control strategy | a novel two-stage optimization approach mitigates numerical issues arising from the structure of the resulting optimal control problem |
overall our study links the structure of stimuli task and learning rule to representational drift and could pave the way for using | drift | recurrent neural | overall our study links the structure of stimuli task and learning rule to representational drift and could pave the way for using drift as a signal for uncovering underlying computation in the brain |
leveraging this equivalence we propose a novel regularization method for | policy | reinforcement learning | leveraging this equivalence we propose a novel regularization method for policy learning |
in this paper we consider a full-duplex fd integrated sensing and | communication | wireless communication | in this paper we consider a full-duplex fd integrated sensing and communication isac system in which the base station bs performs downlink and uplink communications with multiple users while simultaneously sensing multiple targets |
specifically we first construct a dataset tailored for training and evaluating secure code | review | code review | specifically we first construct a dataset tailored for training and evaluating secure code review capabilities |
finally we outline open problems in the field and present a roadmap for integrating tf-qkd into scalable quantum | networks | fault-tolerant quantum | finally we outline open problems in the field and present a roadmap for integrating tf-qkd into scalable quantum networks underscoring its central role in the future quantum internet |
this represents a paradigm shift long-residence | interstellar | circumgalactic medium | this represents a paradigm shift long-residence interstellar objects primarily reveal gcr-processed material rather than pristine material representative of their primordial formation environments |
the output phase is ultimately read out as a | change | optical interference | the output phase is ultimately read out as a change in optical power |
the safety filter employs a smooth mixing strategy between | nominal | safety filter | the safety filter employs a smooth mixing strategy between nominal and backup controllers based on distance to the invariant set boundary facilitating minimal intervention when the system operates safely |
we hope our results show the potential of | looplm | thinking traces | we hope our results show the potential of looplm as a novel scaling direction in the reasoning era |
we provide an inferential framework to assess variable importance for heterogeneous | treatment | causal effects | we provide an inferential framework to assess variable importance for heterogeneous treatment effects |
our study establishes a theoretical foundation and physical intuition about the | role | phase transitions | our study establishes a theoretical foundation and physical intuition about the role of the gouy phase |
we adopt inverse probability weighting ipw for | identification | nonparametric identification | we adopt inverse probability weighting ipw for identification however ipw-transformed outcomes are known to be noisy even when true propensity scores are used |
this allows us to investigate the restoration of particle-number symmetry in the dynamics from initial states with no well-defined particle number and the emergence of the quantum | mpemba | mpemba effect | this allows us to investigate the restoration of particle-number symmetry in the dynamics from initial states with no well-defined particle number and the emergence of the quantum mpemba effect |
to optimize this trade-off we pose a non-convex joint ota power-control design and develop an efficient successive | convex | power allocation | to optimize this trade-off we pose a non-convex joint ota power-control design and develop an efficient successive convex approximation sca algorithm that requires only statistical csi at the base station |
since multiple transport maps exist we employ conditional optimal | transport | optimal transport | since multiple transport maps exist we employ conditional optimal transport flow matching cot-fm to ensure that the transformation minimally distorts the underlying structure of the data |
however the visual clarity of radar charts can be severely compromised when | feature | radar charts | however the visual clarity of radar charts can be severely compromised when feature values alternate drastically in magnitude around the circle causing areas to collapse which misrepresents relative differences |
nonetheless this approach typically assumes a deterministic payoff structure for | social | social interactions | nonetheless this approach typically assumes a deterministic payoff structure for social interactions |
inverse reinforcement learning using just | classification | machine learning | inverse reinforcement learning using just classification and a few regressions |
unlike traditional multimodal interfaces empathic | prompting | empathic prompting | unlike traditional multimodal interfaces empathic prompting requires no explicit user control instead it unobtrusively augments textual input with affective information for conversational and smoothness alignment |
the simulations include detailed modeling of star formation | chemical | star formation rates | the simulations include detailed modeling of star formation chemical enrichment and supernova feedback using the textsc celib and textsc grackle libraries achieving baryonic resolutions of sim2 times10 3 m_ odot |
in this paper we introduce a novel concept in | causal | interventional constraints | in this paper we introduce a novel concept in causal discovery termed interventional constraints which differs fundamentally from interventional data |
our general interaction framework which reduces to several previously studied models as special cases provides a versatile platform for engineering quantum | correlations | quantum key distribution | our general interaction framework which reduces to several previously studied models as special cases provides a versatile platform for engineering quantum correlations with applications in quantum simulation state preparation and sensing protocols |
our method is designed for versatility allowing integration with any state-of-the-art deep | reinforcement | deep reinforcement | our method is designed for versatility allowing integration with any state-of-the-art deep reinforcement learning drl algorithms within its self-play framework |
this paper investigates whether pretrained language models including large language models possess similar | capabilities | language agents | this paper investigates whether pretrained language models including large language models possess similar capabilities for loanword identification |
however when deployed in real-world scenarios such solutions typically face scalability issues and have to address practical requirements such as full access to original | datasets | real-world scenarios | however when deployed in real-world scenarios such solutions typically face scalability issues and have to address practical requirements such as full access to original datasets and model |
nonparametric identification of spatial treatment effect boundaries evidence from | bank | european banking | nonparametric identification of spatial treatment effect boundaries evidence from bank branch consolidation |
this procedure is extended to broader scenarios with imbalanced data such as | imbalanced | imbalanced data | this procedure is extended to broader scenarios with imbalanced data such as imbalanced multi-task learning and causal inference |
this single circuit provides a biologically grounded | flexible | brain-computer interface | this single circuit provides a biologically grounded flexible mechanism for predictive cognition |
for small-scale open-source models reinforcement | learning | reinforcement learning rl | for small-scale open-source models reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards rlvr fails when correct solutions are rarely sampled even after many attempts while supervised fine-tuning sft tends to overfit long demonstrations through rigid token-by-token imitation |
they do not break network nonlocality which enables one to identify useful quantum | channels | quantum advantage | they do not break network nonlocality which enables one to identify useful quantum channels in networks |
we release amo-bench to facilitate further research into advancing the reasoning abilities of | language | language models | we release amo-bench to facilitate further research into advancing the reasoning abilities of language models |
a key manifestation is temporal reflection in an unbounded spatial domain where a sudden | temporal | vortex phase | a key manifestation is temporal reflection in an unbounded spatial domain where a sudden temporal discontinuity induces phase-conjugated backward waves alongside anomalous spin conversion |
while modern large language models llms are increasingly used to model neural responses to | language | large language models | while modern large language models llms are increasingly used to model neural responses to language their internal representations are highly entangled mixing information about lexicon syntax meaning and reasoning |
we establish the asymptotic properties of the | test | test statistics | we establish the asymptotic properties of the test statistics which hold under both fixed- and high-dimensional regimes |
understanding how transient dynamics unfold in response to localized | inputs | transient dynamics | understanding how transient dynamics unfold in response to localized inputs is central to predicting and controlling signal propagation in network systems including neural processing epidemic intervention and power-grid resilience |
however research on online safety remains fragmented across different hci subfields with | limited | online safety | however research on online safety remains fragmented across different hci subfields with limited communication and collaboration between disciplines |
a unified framework for spatial and temporal treatment effect | boundaries | treatment assignment | a unified framework for spatial and temporal treatment effect boundaries theory and identification |
our solutions assume a constant star formation efficiency a constant mass-loading factor and that the yields are linearly dependent on the interstellar medium | abundance | stellar mass | our solutions assume a constant star formation efficiency a constant mass-loading factor and that the yields are linearly dependent on the interstellar medium abundance with the option of a saturation of the yields at high metallicity |
here our approach aligns motor performance items from different measurement instruments for | mixed-effects | mixed-effects regression | here our approach aligns motor performance items from different measurement instruments for mixed-effects regression and maps estimated effects back to the observed item level to quantify the treatment switch effect |
we release code pretrained weights and tutorials to support standardized | eeg | brain activity | we release code pretrained weights and tutorials to support standardized eeg research and accelerate progress in clinical neuroscience |
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