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current steering methods such as vector addition and directional ablation are constrained within a two-dimensional subspace defined by the activation and feature direction making them sensitive to chosen parameters and potentially affecting unrelated features due to unintended interactions in | activation | angular steering | current steering methods such as vector addition and directional ablation are constrained within a two-dimensional subspace defined by the activation and feature direction making them sensitive to chosen parameters and potentially affecting unrelated features due to unintended interactions in activation space |
large language model llm -powered chatbots are | increasingly | large language | large language model llm -powered chatbots are increasingly used for opinion exploration |
here we present a systematic analysis of four | quasars | galactic disk | here we present a systematic analysis of four quasars initially selected by their ks-band variability amplitudes in the vista variables in the v i a l actea survey vvv vvvx |
recent large language model llm research has undergone an architectural shift from encoder-decoder | modeling | large language models llms | recent large language model llm research has undergone an architectural shift from encoder-decoder modeling to nowadays the dominant decoder-only modeling |
we outline a multi-phase research methodology focused on preparing re datasets fine-tuning ai models and designing collaborative | human-ai | human-ai interaction | we outline a multi-phase research methodology focused on preparing re datasets fine-tuning ai models and designing collaborative human-ai workflows |
such algorithms are based on the minimization of a | certain | efficiently solving | such algorithms are based on the minimization of a certain cost functional |
several researchers introduced different methods to decompose n 1 -bit toffoli gates in a quantum circuit into a set of standard 3-bit toffoli gates or a set of elementary quantum | gates | toffoli gates | several researchers introduced different methods to decompose n 1 -bit toffoli gates in a quantum circuit into a set of standard 3-bit toffoli gates or a set of elementary quantum gates such as single-qubit and two-qubit gates |
in this work we aim to explain this conflict by exploring how | language | language models | in this work we aim to explain this conflict by exploring how language models manipulate numbers and quantify the lower bounds of accuracy of these mechanisms |
our analysis allows for estimating a diverging number of | treatment | average treatment effect | our analysis allows for estimating a diverging number of treatment effects simultaneously and establishes the consistency and asymptotic normality of the regression-based estimators |
will this trend towards greater concentration in large | cities | large cities | will this trend towards greater concentration in large cities continue or level off |
in this paper we propose adasdbo a fully problem-parameter-free algorithm for decentralized | bilevel | quadratic programming | in this paper we propose adasdbo a fully problem-parameter-free algorithm for decentralized bilevel optimization with a single-loop structure |
by applying both exact diagonalization and density-matrix renormalization group theory to the | quantum | quantum technologies | by applying both exact diagonalization and density-matrix renormalization group theory to the quantum heisenberg hamiltonian we show how a quantum-mechanical treatment of an ab initio parametrized spin model can significantly improve the predicted low-temperature spin-flop field over a classical description when compared to measurements |
potential thermal profiles of the third interstellar | object | interstellar medium | potential thermal profiles of the third interstellar object 3i atlas |
this design incorporates a temporal attention in vision encoder enabling the model to better capture the progression of | actions | action recognition | this design incorporates a temporal attention in vision encoder enabling the model to better capture the progression of actions and the relationships between frames before passing visual tokens to the llm |
our results advance and offer new insights into the interplay between | ferrers | ferrers dimension | our results advance and offer new insights into the interplay between ferrers dimensions and extremal combinatorics |
third traditional difference-in-differences methods that ignore | spatial | spatial treatment | third traditional difference-in-differences methods that ignore spatial and network structure exhibit 61 percent bias in estimated treatment effects |
combined with the distribution of serial intervals or generation times the rate gives basic and instantaneous values of the | reproduction | basic reproduction | combined with the distribution of serial intervals or generation times the rate gives basic and instantaneous values of the reproduction number that govern development and ultimate outcome of the epidemic |
we compare these models in terms of theoretical properties optimization strategies and empirical | performance | deep learning | we compare these models in terms of theoretical properties optimization strategies and empirical performance and discuss applications in fields such as computer vision natural language processing and bioinformatics |
this paper starts by providing an overview of the | estimators | ate estimation | this paper starts by providing an overview of the estimators computed by the command |
the 4 -dtc phases appear for certain initial states that are close to the spiral saddle | points | -dtc phases | the 4 -dtc phases appear for certain initial states that are close to the spiral saddle points identified in the classical picture |
then we develop a collection of safety margin results on the overall control | u | control law | then we develop a collection of safety margin results on the overall control u u0 u |
therefore the only scalable and viable solution to solve anomaly detection over very different time series collected from diverse domains is to propose a model selection method that will select based on time | series | time series classification | therefore the only scalable and viable solution to solve anomaly detection over very different time series collected from diverse domains is to propose a model selection method that will select based on time series characteristics the best anomaly detection methods to run |
ais have made rapid progress on research-oriented benchmarks of knowledge and | reasoning | reasoning capabilities | ais have made rapid progress on research-oriented benchmarks of knowledge and reasoning but it remains unclear how these gains translate into economic value and automation |
we quantify the dependence of magnetic fields on star formation | activity | star formation | we quantify the dependence of magnetic fields on star formation activity including both regular and starburst galaxies |
since the gradient of the objective function is inaccessible as a result of the unknown distribution various | zeroth-order | first-order methods | since the gradient of the objective function is inaccessible as a result of the unknown distribution various zeroth-order methods have been developed to solve the problem |
we employ in-game performance scores as quantitative | metrics | superior performance | we employ in-game performance scores as quantitative metrics to assess performance across different task types |
carbon-aware optimal power flow with data-driven | carbon | power flow | carbon-aware optimal power flow with data-driven carbon emission tracing |
instanton theory has arisen as a practical tool for calculating tunneling splittings in | molecular | instanton theory | instanton theory has arisen as a practical tool for calculating tunneling splittings in molecular systems |
however existing models primarily focus on general-purpose code | review | code review | however existing models primarily focus on general-purpose code review their effectiveness in identifying and addressing security-related issues remains underexplored |
in this work we investigate whether large language models llms can translate human natural | language | vision-language models | in this work we investigate whether large language models llms can translate human natural language instructions into the internal symbolic representations that emerge during hierarchical reinforcement learning |
scale invariance and statistical significance in complex | weighted | correlation network | scale invariance and statistical significance in complex weighted networks |
however in data-sensitive fields such as healthcare the lack of high-quality domain-specific training corpus hinders llms | adaptation | llm post-training | however in data-sensitive fields such as healthcare the lack of high-quality domain-specific training corpus hinders llms adaptation for specialized applications |
our method outperforms state-of-the-art large-scale | eeg | brain-computer interface | our method outperforms state-of-the-art large-scale eeg models by an average of 4 |
the complexity bounds we obtain are confirmed numerically for a specific case with the o n 2 quantum algorithm outperforming the classical greedy algorithm that also runs in o | n | open quantum | the complexity bounds we obtain are confirmed numerically for a specific case with the o n 2 quantum algorithm outperforming the classical greedy algorithm that also runs in o n 2 |
hence great effort has been put into identifying subclasses of integer programs that are solvable in | polynomial | -time algorithm | hence great effort has been put into identifying subclasses of integer programs that are solvable in polynomial or mathsf fpt time |
the growing complexity of integrated photonics necessitates compact low-power | devices | photonic devices | the growing complexity of integrated photonics necessitates compact low-power devices that transcend traditional material-centric design approaches |
we resolve this question by proving a sharp | lower | time complexity | we resolve this question by proving a sharp lower bound of n log varepsilon -1 n log e - o n bits for varepsilon o 1 regardless of operation time |
one such family consists of all codes with up to three | maximal | neural codes | one such family consists of all codes with up to three maximal codewords |
notably under a similar performance guarantee as in our | tree | spanning trees | notably under a similar performance guarantee as in our tree embedding algorithms i |
the inference cost of large language models | llms | models llms | the inference cost of large language models llms has become a critical factor in determining their commercial viability and widespread adoption |
r3 adaptively samples training experience from diverse intersections with environment feedback-based priority and fine-tunes | llm | llm agents | r3 adaptively samples training experience from diverse intersections with environment feedback-based priority and fine-tunes llm agents with a designed reward-weighted likelihood loss guiding reg-tsc toward high-reward policies across heterogeneous intersections |
this result generalizes existing tractability results for special | sparse | regular graphs | this result generalizes existing tractability results for special sparse families such as necklace graphs |
despite multiple efforts to understand the problem in these simple graph families the computational complexity of the problem had remained unsettled and our hardness results answer open questions by bhabak and harutyunyan and harutyunyan and hovhannisyan concerning the problem s complexity in k -cycle and k -path | graphs | regular graphs | despite multiple efforts to understand the problem in these simple graph families the computational complexity of the problem had remained unsettled and our hardness results answer open questions by bhabak and harutyunyan and harutyunyan and hovhannisyan concerning the problem s complexity in k -cycle and k -path graphs respectively |
while large language models llms offer opportunities in document | understanding | vision-language models | while large language models llms offer opportunities in document understanding current systems struggle with complex multi-page visual documents particularly in fine-grained reasoning over elements and pages |
6d channel knowledge map construction via bidirectional | wireless | channel state information | 6d channel knowledge map construction via bidirectional wireless gaussian splatting |
multiplexes have emerged as a key instrument for modeling large-scale complex | systems | complex systems | multiplexes have emerged as a key instrument for modeling large-scale complex systems due to the widespread coexistence of diverse interactions in social industrial and biological domains |
this paper proposes a novel haoi sequence generation framework synhlma to synthesize hand | language | vision-language-action vla | this paper proposes a novel haoi sequence generation framework synhlma to synthesize hand language manipulation for articulated objects |
objective to develop validate and deploy a | natural | natural language processing | objective to develop validate and deploy a natural language processing nlp pipeline to identify itfs in radiology reports and assess their prevalence features and clinical outcomes |
we propose a verification-informed nn framework that incorporates worst-case constraint | violations | soft constraints | we propose a verification-informed nn framework that incorporates worst-case constraint violations directly into training producing models that are both accurate and provably safer |
the use of ad-hoc engineered viruses in the fight against | tumours | viral replication | the use of ad-hoc engineered viruses in the fight against tumours is one of the greatest ideas in cancer therapeutics within the last three decades |
in time series modeling achieving a balance between model performance and computational efficiency | remains | time series | in time series modeling achieving a balance between model performance and computational efficiency remains a significant challenge |
semantic representations emerge in biologically | inspired | artificial neural | semantic representations emerge in biologically inspired ensembles of cross-supervising neural networks |
these findings suggest that reinforcement | learning | reinforcement learning | these findings suggest that reinforcement learning approaches can be effectively adapted for use in random nonstationary and reward-sparse environments |
these accretion-based m_ bullet values which in this sample span nearly three orders of magnitude are consistent with | galactic | stellar mass | these accretion-based m_ bullet values which in this sample span nearly three orders of magnitude are consistent with galactic scaling relations but are significantly more precise 68 credible interval pm 0 |
our framework is particularly applicable to non-homogeneous human populations offering a new perspective on cooperation science in the context of cultural evolution where neutral and biased processes within structured | interactions | social interactions | our framework is particularly applicable to non-homogeneous human populations offering a new perspective on cooperation science in the context of cultural evolution where neutral and biased processes within structured interactions are abundant |
by choosing their particular case we systematically study the impact of these | interactions | quantum walk | by choosing their particular case we systematically study the impact of these interactions on the dynamics of two initially localized and noncorrelated walkers |
this paper introduces a quantitative economics of inference framework treating the llm | inference | moe inference | this paper introduces a quantitative economics of inference framework treating the llm inference process as a compute-driven intelligent production activity |
we address these issues with graph-enhanced policy optimization gepo which dynamically constructs a state-transition graph from agent experience and employs graph-theoretic centrality to provide three synergistic | learning | reinforcement learning | we address these issues with graph-enhanced policy optimization gepo which dynamically constructs a state-transition graph from agent experience and employs graph-theoretic centrality to provide three synergistic learning signals 1 structured intrinsic rewards that guide exploration toward high-impact states 2 a graph-enhanced advantage function for topology-aware credit assignment and 3 a dynamic discount factor adapted to each state s strategic value |
finally edges are ranked depending on the observed gromov-wasserstein distance the higher the value of the | distance | gromov-wasserstein distance | finally edges are ranked depending on the observed gromov-wasserstein distance the higher the value of the distance the more critical the edge is in terms |
these patterns often follow power- law distributions in inter-event intervals or | event | statistical physics | these patterns often follow power- law distributions in inter-event intervals or event rates |
chirped control pulses designed to satisfy | adiabatic | coherent control | chirped control pulses designed to satisfy adiabatic conditions across the ensemble enable broadband rephasing |
we compare these models in terms of theoretical properties optimization strategies and empirical performance and discuss applications in fields such as computer vision natural | language | language models | we compare these models in terms of theoretical properties optimization strategies and empirical performance and discuss applications in fields such as computer vision natural language processing and bioinformatics |
these formulations also allow us to arrive at better analytical characterisation of how waves of | viral | viral replication | these formulations also allow us to arrive at better analytical characterisation of how waves of viral infections arise and propagate in tumours providing interesting insights into therapy dynamics |
cypress leverages a pre-trained large-scale geospatial | foundation | foundation models | cypress leverages a pre-trained large-scale geospatial foundation model prithvi-eo-2 |
based on this reformulation we propose a single-loop first-order algorithm for linearly constrained | bilevel | optimization problem | based on this reformulation we propose a single-loop first-order algorithm for linearly constrained bilevel optimization sflcb |
in this work we study the limits of compressed | data | data structure | in this work we study the limits of compressed data structures i |
fractalbrain presents an experience combining a surreal | virtual | physical virtual | fractalbrain presents an experience combining a surreal virtual reality vr program with an electroencephalogram eeg interface |
our analysis allows for estimating a diverging number of | treatment | dynamic treatment | our analysis allows for estimating a diverging number of treatment effects simultaneously and establishes the consistency and asymptotic normality of the regression-based estimators |
effectiveness and user behavior were assessed through a controlled experiment in which participants interacted with either persona while a control group engaged with a standard | llm | llm responses | effectiveness and user behavior were assessed through a controlled experiment in which participants interacted with either persona while a control group engaged with a standard llm providing direct answers |
unlike headset-based vr textit storycaster preserves spatial awareness using live camera feeds to augment the walls with cylindrical projections allowing users to create worlds that blend with their | physical | virtual reality | unlike headset-based vr textit storycaster preserves spatial awareness using live camera feeds to augment the walls with cylindrical projections allowing users to create worlds that blend with their physical surroundings |
the local gaussian correlation coefficient a new measurement of statistical dependence between variables has unique advantages including capturing | local | local gaussian | the local gaussian correlation coefficient a new measurement of statistical dependence between variables has unique advantages including capturing local nonlinear dependence and handling heavy-tailed distributions |
we also discuss potential limitations including completeness impacts of background subtraction and spatial | resolution | galaxy cgm | we also discuss potential limitations including completeness impacts of background subtraction and spatial resolution and the generality of our results when applied to other galaxies |
designing efficient quantum circuits is a central bottleneck to exploring the potential of quantum | computing | quantum error correction | designing efficient quantum circuits is a central bottleneck to exploring the potential of quantum computing particularly for noisy intermediate-scale quantum nisq devices where circuit efficiency and resilience to errors are paramount |
interestingly for the trapped system a cat-like superposition state corresponds to maximum entanglement | entropy | quantum correlations | interestingly for the trapped system a cat-like superposition state corresponds to maximum entanglement entropy below the transition highlighting the relevance of the present model for studying the effect of decoherence on intra-particle entanglement in the context of quantum information processing |
by finite-size scaling of the monte carlo data we identified the critical exponents of the magnetization | magnetic | magnetic properties | by finite-size scaling of the monte carlo data we identified the critical exponents of the magnetization magnetic susceptibility and spin correlation length beta 0 |
the central density of hii regions correlates well with the surface brightness within the | effective | hii regions | the central density of hii regions correlates well with the surface brightness within the effective radius |
see4d pose-free 4d generation via auto-regressive | video | image generation | see4d pose-free 4d generation via auto-regressive video inpainting |
here we show that lyman- alpha ly alpha radiation pressure limits the gas mass converted into | stars | massive stars | here we show that lyman- alpha ly alpha radiation pressure limits the gas mass converted into stars particularly in primordial environments |
we propose acc-sgd-ie a trajectory-aware estimator that propagates the leave-one-out perturbation across | training | continual learning | we propose acc-sgd-ie a trajectory-aware estimator that propagates the leave-one-out perturbation across training and updates an accumulative influence state at each step |
besides ac conductivity electric modulus and dielectric | properties | electronic structure | besides ac conductivity electric modulus and dielectric properties have been investigated to illustrate the microscopic conduction mechanism |
dataset bias where data points are skewed to certain concepts is ubiquitous in | machine | machine learning | dataset bias where data points are skewed to certain concepts is ubiquitous in machine learning datasets |
l_ bol disk l_ edd propto t_p 4 propto m_ bullet -1 tde-specific physics correlations l_ plat propto m_ bullet 2 3 and r_ out r_g propto m_ bullet -2 3 and black hole-host galaxy correlations m_ bullet - m_ star and m_ bullet - sigma_ star naturally emerge from the data and for the first time are self-consistently extended into the intermediate-mass imbh m_ | bullet | stellar mass function | l_ bol disk l_ edd propto t_p 4 propto m_ bullet -1 tde-specific physics correlations l_ plat propto m_ bullet 2 3 and r_ out r_g propto m_ bullet -2 3 and black hole-host galaxy correlations m_ bullet - m_ star and m_ bullet - sigma_ star naturally emerge from the data and for the first time are self-consistently extended into the intermediate-mass imbh m_ bullet 10 5 regime |
first we show that collective bias is a deeper phenomenon than previously assessed interaction can amplify | individual | collective action | first we show that collective bias is a deeper phenomenon than previously assessed interaction can amplify individual biases introduce new ones or override model-level preferences |
however this paper demonstrates that a minimal correction applied solely to the upper bound iterate is sufficient to boost the | convergence | convergence rate | however this paper demonstrates that a minimal correction applied solely to the upper bound iterate is sufficient to boost the convergence of the method achieving superquadratic and cubic rates for the upper and lower bound sequences respectively |
in this paper we train a neural network nn to solve the optimal | power | optimal power flow | in this paper we train a neural network nn to solve the optimal power shutoff line switching problem |
meanwhile it provides a unified theoretical explanation for classic topological characteristics such as small-world networks and | scale-free | complex networks | meanwhile it provides a unified theoretical explanation for classic topological characteristics such as small-world networks and scale-free networks |
this paper presents a fully data-driven control framework for autonomous underwater vehicles auvs based on data-enabled | predictive | predictive control | this paper presents a fully data-driven control framework for autonomous underwater vehicles auvs based on data-enabled predictive control deepc |
traditional machine learning relies on explicit models and domain assumptions limiting | flexibility | machine learning | traditional machine learning relies on explicit models and domain assumptions limiting flexibility and interpretability |
our analysis reveals two critical limitations of existing | video-llms | video generation | our analysis reveals two critical limitations of existing video-llms 1 models often fail to maintain consistency with results far worse than their single-view performances |
this framework can be applied to policy evaluation using the panel data approach pda where we further establish inference for the | average | policy evaluation | this framework can be applied to policy evaluation using the panel data approach pda where we further establish inference for the average treatment effect |
the grammar introduces new composable elements that support visualization across linear cyclical quasi-cyclical and other granularities standardization of irregular durations and alignment of time points across different granularities and | time | temporal semantics | the grammar introduces new composable elements that support visualization across linear cyclical quasi-cyclical and other granularities standardization of irregular durations and alignment of time points across different granularities and time zones |
this paper develops a nonparametric framework for identifying and estimating | spatial | treatment effect boundaries | this paper develops a nonparametric framework for identifying and estimating spatial boundaries of treatment effects in settings with geographic spillovers |
2 less than humans highlighting the potential for enabling efficient | collaboration | human-machine teaming | 2 less than humans highlighting the potential for enabling efficient collaboration by delegating easily programmable tasks to agents |
energy approach from varepsilon -graph to continuum | diffusion | diffusion models | energy approach from varepsilon -graph to continuum diffusion model with connectivity functional |
understanding how individual learning behavior and structural | dynamics | opinion dynamics | understanding how individual learning behavior and structural dynamics interact is essential to modeling emergent phenomena in socioeconomic networks |
2 we design an algorithm that gathers all of them in | poly | time complexity | 2 we design an algorithm that gathers all of them in poly n log lambda time where n resp |
recent advances advocate easily obtainable | channel | channel state information | recent advances advocate easily obtainable channel state information csi by commercial wifi devices for lightweight rf fingerprinting while falling short in addressing the challenges of coarse granularity of csi measurements in an open-world setting |
quantum error correction qec protects qubits against bit- and phase-flip errors in the 0 or 1 subspace but physical | qubits | qubit readout | quantum error correction qec protects qubits against bit- and phase-flip errors in the 0 or 1 subspace but physical qubits can also leak into higher energy levels e |
specifically we design an in-context conditioning strategy that | prompts | language models | specifically we design an in-context conditioning strategy that prompts the model with a reference example |
in many problems involving causal effects or structural models the parameters of interest depend on | regression | regression function | in many problems involving causal effects or structural models the parameters of interest depend on regression functions |
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