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[ "They have been important to humans throughout much of history .", "They have had an important role to humans throughout much of history ." ]
[ "The Arecaceae are a botanical family of perennial lianas , shrubs , and trees commonly known as palm trees .", "Palm trees are a family of plants ." ]
[ "The flowers are generally small and white , radially symmetric , and can be either uni - or bisexual .", "The flowers are generally small and white , and are star-shaped ." ]
[ "After a speech by the president of the organising committee , Crown Prince Constantine , his father officially opened the Games : Afterwards , nine bands and 150 choir singers performed an Olympic Hymn , composed by Spyridon Samaras , with words by poet Kostis Palamas .", "After a speech by the president of the ...
[ "Coubertin also took inspiration from the earlier Greek games organised under the name of Olympics by businessman and philanthropist Evangelis Zappas in 1859 , 1870 and 1875 .", "Coubertin also took inspiration from the earlier Greek games organized under the name of Olympics by businessman and philanthropist Eva...
[ "In the first round , Boland defeated Friedrich Traun , a promising tennis player from Hamburg , who had been eliminated in the 100-meter sprint competition .", "In the first round , Boland defeated Friedrich Traun , a promising tennis player from Hamburg , who had been eliminated in the 100 meter sprint competit...
[ "The 500-meter freestyle was won by Austrian swimmer Paul Neumann , who defeated his opponents by more than a minute and a half .", "The 500 meter freestyle was won by Austrian swimmer Paul Neumann , who defeated his opponents by more than a minute and a half ." ]
[ "Three Germans added individual titles : Hermann Weingärtner won the horizontal bar event , Alfred Flatow won the parallel bars ; and Carl Schuhmann , who also competed successfully in wrestling , won the vault .", "Three Germans added individual titles : Hermann Weingärtner won the horizontal bar , Alfred Flatow...
[ "In the 100 kilometres event , Masson entered as a pacemaker for his compatriot Léon Flameng .", "In the 100 kilometers event , Masson entered as a pacemaker for his compatriot Léon Flameng ." ]
[ "Only one road event was held , a race from Athens to Marathon and back ( 87 kilometres ) .", "Only one road event was held , a race from Athens to Marathon and back ( 87 kilometers ) ." ]
[ "However , the event could not be completed due to darkness and was finalized the next morning , when Georgios Orphanidis was crowned the champion .", "However , the event was not completed due to darkness and was finalized the next morning , when Georgios Orphanidis was crowned the champion ." ]
[ "Despite this , Thomas Burke , of the United States , won the 100-meter race in 12.0 seconds and the 400-meter race in 54.2 seconds .", "Despite this , Thomas Burke , of the United States , won the 100 meter race in 12.0 seconds and the 400 meter race in 54.2 seconds ." ]
[ "It was here that , in October 1850 , the local physician William Penny Brookes had founded the Wenlock Olympian Games , a festival of sports and recreations that included athletics and team sports , such as cricket , football and quoits .", "It was here that , in October 1850 , the local physician William Penny ...
[ "Coubertin adopted Dr William Penny Brooke 's idea to establish a multi-national and multi-sport event-the ancient games were in a sense international , because various Greek city-states and colonies were represented , but only free male athletes of Greek origin were allowed to participate .", "Coubertin took Dr ...
[ "There were three open events ( men 's 100-metre freestyle , men 's 500-metre freestyle , and men 's 1200 metre freestyle ) , in addition to a special event open only to Greek sailors , all of which were held on the same day ( 11 April ) .", "There were three open events ( men 's 100 metre freestyle , men 's 500 ...
[ "The competition was held at the courts of the Athens Lawn Tennis Club , and the infield of the velodrome used for the cycling events .", "The competition was at the courts of the Athens Lawn Tennis Club , and the infield of the velodrome used for the cycling events ." ]
[ "On 6 April ( 25 March according to the Julian calendar then in use in Greece ) , the games of the First Olympiad were officially opened ; it was Easter Monday for both the Western and Eastern Christian Churches and the anniversary of Greece 's independence .", "On April 6 ( March 25 according to the Julian calen...
[ "Germany had sent an 11-man team , which won five of the eight events , including both team events .", "Germany sent an 11-man team , which won five of the eight events , including both team events ." ]
[ "To avoid embarrassing their hosts , the brothers decided that only one of them would compete in the next pistol event , the free pistol .", "In order to avoid embarrassing their hosts , the brothers decided that only one of them would compete in the next pistol event , the free pistol ." ]
[ "Nevertheless , he won the two events in which he swam , the 100 and 1200 meter freestyle .", "He won the two events in which he swam , the 100 and 1200 meter freestyle ." ]
[ "Eventually , he was allowed to start from this `` uncomfortable position '' .", "Eventually , he was allowed to start from his `` uncomfortable position '' ." ]
[ "The fencing events were held in the Zappeion , which , built with money Evangelis Zappas had given to revive the ancient Olympic Games , had never seen any athletic contests before .", "The fencing events were held in the Zappeion , which , built with money Evangelis Zappas had given to revive the ancient Olympi...
[ "Other elements of current Olympic opening ceremonies were initiated later : the Olympic flame was first lit in 1928 , the first athletes ' oath was sworn at the 1920 Summer Olympics , and the first officials ' oath was taken at the 1972 Olympic Games .", "Other elements of current Olympic opening ceremonies were...
[ "In 1890 , Coubertin wrote an article in La Revue Athletique , which espoused the importance of Much Wenlock-a rural market town in the English county of Shropshire .", "In 1890 , Coubertin wrote an article in La Revue Athletique , which talked about the importance of Much Wenlock-a rural market town in the Engli...
[ "Darkness forced the final match to be suspended after 40 minutes ; it was continued the following day , when Schuhmann needed only fifteen minutes to finish the bout .", "Darkness forced the final match to be suspended after 40 minutes ; it was continued the following day , when Schuhmann needed only a quarter o...
[ "With a date established , members of the congress turned their attention to the selection of a host city .", "With a date established , members of the congress turned to the choice of a host city ." ]
[ "Held at a range at Kallithea , the shooting competition consisted of five events-two using a rifle and three with the pistol .", "Held at a range at Kallithea , the shooting competition was five events-two using a rifle and three with the pistol ." ]
[ "The highlight for the Greeks was the marathon victory by their compatriot Spyridon Louis .", "The highlight for the Greeks was the marathon victory by Spyridon Louis ." ]
[ "This the Greek government did despite the fact that the cost of refurbishing the stadium in marble had already been funded in full by Evangelis Zappas forty years earlier .", "The Greek government did fix the stadium even though the cost of refurbishing the stadium in marble had already been funded in full by Ev...
[ "Because Ancient Greece was the birthplace of the Olympic Games , Athens was considered to be an appropriate choice to stage the inaugural modern Games .", "As Ancient Greece was the birthplace of the Olympic Games , Athens was an appropriate choice to stage the inaugural modern Games ." ]
[ "The Panathinaiko Stadium , the only Olympic stadium used in the 1800s , overflowed with the largest crowd ever to watch a sporting event .", "The Panathinaiko Stadium , the only Olympic stadium used in the 19th Century , overflowed with the largest crowd ever to watch a sporting event ." ]
[ "After the Games , Coubertin and the IOC were petitioned by several prominent figures , including Greece 's King George and some of the American competitors in Athens , to hold all the following Games in Athens .", "After the Games , Rhys Coubertin and the IOC were petitioned by several prominent figures includin...
[ "The 1870 Olympics at the Panathenaic stadium , which had been refurbished for the occasion , had an audience of 30,000 people .", "The 1870 Olympics at the Panathenaic stadium had 30,000 people ." ]
[ "The 1896 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the I Olympiad , was a multi-sport event held in Athens , Greece , from 6 to 15 April 1896 .", "The 1896 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the I Olympiad , were held at Athens in Greece ." ]
[ "The Paine brothers did not compete in the 25-meter pistol event , as the event judges determined that their weapons were not of the required calibre .", "The Paine brothers did not compete in the 25 meter pistol event , as the event judges determined that their weapons were not of the required caliber ." ]
[ "Spyridon Louis , a previously unrecognised water carrier , won the event to become the only Greek athletics champion and a national hero .", "Spyridon Louis won the event and was the only Greek athletics champion and a national hero ." ]
[ "Elliot got his revenge in the one hand lift event , which was held immediately after the two-handed one .", "Elliot won in the one hand lift event , which was held immediately after the two-handed one ." ]
[ "Despite many obstacles and setbacks , the 1896 Olympics were regarded as a great success .", "The 1896 Olympics were regarded as a great success even though there were many obstacles and setbacks ." ]
[ "Following his proposal 's acceptance by the congress , a date for the first modern Olympic Games needed to be chosen .", "After his proposal 's acceptance by the congress , a date for the first modern Olympic Games needed to be chosen ." ]
[ "Coubertin suggested that the Games be held concurrently with the 1900 Universal Exposition of Paris .", "Coubertin suggested that the Games be held at the same time as the 1900 Universal Exposition of Paris ." ]
[ "During the 19th century , several small-scale sports festivals across Europe were named after the Ancient Olympic Games .", "In the 18th century , several small-scale sports festivals in Europe were named after the Ancient Olympic Games ." ]
[ "In addition , the curves of the track were very tight , making fast times in the running events virtually impossible .", "In addition , the curves of the track were very tight , making fast times in the running events hard ." ]
[ "On 18 June 1894 , Coubertin organised a congress at the Sorbonne , Paris , to present his plans to representatives of sports societies from 11 countries .", "On June 18 , 1894 , Coubertin put together a group at the Sorbonne , in Paris , to present his plans to representatives of sports societies from 11 countri...
[ "For Alfréd Hajós of Hungary , this meant he could only compete in two of the events , as they were held too close together , which made it impossible for him to adequately recuperate .", "For Alfréd Hajós of Hungary , being on the same day meant he could only compete in two of the events ." ]
[ "John Pius Boland , who won the event , had been entered in the competition by a fellow-student of his at Oxford ; the Greek , Konstantinos Manos .", "John Pius Boland , who won the event , was entered in the competition by a fellow-student of his at Oxford ." ]
[ "The gymnastics competition was carried out on the infield of the Panathinaiko Stadium .", "Gymnastics was at the infield of the Panathinaiko Stadium ." ]
[ "The swimming competition was held in the open sea because the organizers had refused to spend the money necessary for a specially constructed stadium .", "The swimming competition was held in the open sea ." ]
[ "Concerned that a six-year waiting period might lessen public interest , congress members opted instead to hold the inaugural Games in 1896 .", "Concerned that a six-year wait might lessen public interest , congress members instead chose 1896 ." ]
[ "Sumner Paine won that event , thereby becoming the first relative of an Olympic champion to become Olympic champion himself .", "Sumner Paine won that event ." ]
[ "Vikelas made the Athens proposal official on 23 June , and since Greece had been the original home of the Olympics , the congress unanimously approved the decision .", "Since Greece was the original home of the Olympics , all the congress approved the decision of Athens ." ]
[ "Virginia Patterson Hensley ( September 8 , 1932 - March 5 , 1963 ) , known professionally as Patsy Cline , was an American country music singer .", "Patsy Cline ( born Virginia Patterson Hensley ; September 8 , 1932-March 5 , 1963 ) was an American country music singer ." ]
[ "In 1973 , Cline was the first female solo artist to be inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame .", "In 1973 , Cline was posthumously ( after death ) inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame , making her the first woman to be inducted ." ]
[ "Algol ( Beta Per , β Persei , β Per ) , known colloquially as the Demon Star , is a bright star in the constellation Perseus .", "Algol , also known as the Demon Star , is a bright star in the Perseus constellation ." ]
[ "Algol is actually a three-star system ( Beta Persei A , B , and C ) in which the large and bright primary Beta Persei A is regularly eclipsed by the dimmer Beta Persei B. Thus , Algol 's magnitude is usually near-constant at 2.1 , but regularly dips to 3.4 every two days , 20 hours and 49 minutes during the roughl...
[ "Around the Great Dark Spot , winds were measured blowing up to 2,400 kilometers ( 1,500 mi ) an hour , the fastest in the Solar System .", "Around the Great Dark Spot , winds were measured blowing up to 2,400 kilometers ( 1,500 miles ) an hour , the fastest in the Solar System ." ]
[ "The dark , elliptically-shaped spot ( with initial dimensions of 13,000 × 6,600 km , or 8,100 × 4,100 mi ) was about the same size as Earth , and was similar in general appearance to Jupiter 's Great Red Spot .", "The dark , elliptically-shaped spot ( with initial dimensions of 13,000 × 6,600 km , or 8,100 × 4,1...
[ "The Great Dark Spot ( also known as GDS-89 ) is the name given to a series of dark spots on Neptune similar in appearance to Jupiter 's Great Red Spot .", "The Great Dark Spot ( also known as GDS-89 ) is a dark spot on Neptune similar in appearance to Jupiter 's Great Red Spot ." ]
[ "The Great Dark Spot is thought to represent a hole in the methane cloud deck of Neptune .", "The Great Dark Spot is thought to be a hole in the methane cloud deck of Neptune ." ]
[ "Neptune 's dark spots are thought to occur in the troposphere at lower altitudes than the brighter upper cloud deck features .", "Neptune 's dark spots are thought to happen in the troposphere at lower heights ( or altitudes ) than the brighter upper cloud deck features ." ]
[ "Unlike the clouds on Earth , however , which are composed of crystals of ice , Neptune 's cirrus clouds are made up of crystals of frozen methane .", "Unlike the clouds on Earth , however , which are made of mostly crystals of ice , Neptune 's clouds are made up of crystals of frozen methane ." ]
[ "The persistence of companion clouds shows that some former dark spots may continue to exist as cyclones even though they are no longer visible as a dark feature .", "The persistence of companion clouds shows that some former dark spots may continue to exist as cyclones even though they are no longer able to be s...
[ "As they are stable features that can persist for several months , they are thought to be vortex structures .", "As they are stable features that can last for several months , they are thought to be vortex structures ." ]
[ "This new spot , called the Northern Great Dark Spot ( NGDS ) , has remained visible for several years .", "This new spot , called the Northern Great Dark Spot ( NGDS ) , has remained able to be seen for several years ." ]
[ "However , the interiors of Great Dark Spots are relatively cloud-free , and unlike Jupiter 's spot , which has lasted for hundreds of years , their lifetimes appear to be shorter , forming and dissipating once every few years or so .", "However , the insides of Great Dark Spots are mostly cloud-free , and unlike...
[ "And while cirrus clouds usually form and then disperse within a period of a few hours , the clouds in the Great Dark Spot were still present after 36 hours , or two rotations of the planet .", "And while Neptune 's clouds usually form and then disappear within a period of a few hours , the clouds in the Great Da...
[ "When the spot was to be photographed again in November 1994 by the Hubble Space Telescope , it had disappeared completely , leaving astronomers to believe that it had either been covered up or vanished .", "When pictures were going to be taken of the Great Dark Spot again in November 1994 by the Hubble Space Tel...
[ "Based on observations taken with Voyager 2 and since then with the Hubble Space Telescope , Neptune appears to spend somewhat more than half its time with a Great Dark Spot .", "Based on pictures taken by Voyager and since then with the Hubble Space Telescope , Neptune appears to spend a little bit more than hal...
[ "The spot was observed at different times with different sizes and shapes .", "The spot was seen at different times with different sizes and shapes ." ]
[ "Like Jupiter 's spot , they are anticyclonic storms .", "Although it appears similar to Jupiter 's spot , which is an anticyclonic storm ( this is like a hurricane ) , it is believed that the Great Dark Spot is an atmospheric hole similar to the hole in Earth 's ozone layer ." ]
[ "However , an almost identical spot emerged in Neptune 's northern hemisphere .", "However , a new spot that looked very much like the old spot appeared in Neptune 's northern hemisphere ." ]
[ "Norderney camp housed European ( usually Eastern but including Republican Spaniard ) and Russian enforced labourers .", "Norderney camp housed European ( usually Eastern but including Spaniard ) and Russian enforced labourers ." ]
[ "The Germans built one concentration camp and three labor camps on the island , subcamps of the Neuengamme concentration camp ( located in Hamburg , Germany ) .", "The Germans built one concentration camp and three Labor camps on the island , subcamps of the Neuengamme concentration camp ( in Hamburg , Germany ) ...
[ "Coordinates : 49 ° 42 ′ 14 ″ N 2 ° 13 ′ 4 ″ W \\ / 49.70389 ° N 2.21778 ° W \\ / 49.70389 ; -2.21778 Lager Sylt was a Nazi concentration camp on Alderney in the British Crown Dependency of the Channel Islands , in operation between March 1943 and June 1944 .", "Coordinates : 49 ° 42 ′ 14 ″ N 2 ° 13 ′ 4 ″ W \\ / ...
[ "( For further information on Alderney concentration camps , see Appendix F : Concentration Camps : Endlösung - The Final Solution ; Alderney , a Nazi concentration camp on an island Anglo-Norman . )", "( For further information on Alderney concentration camps , see Appendix F : Concentration Camps : Endlösung - ...
[ "It was organised by the Schutzstaffel - SS-Baubrigade I-which was first under supervision of the Sachsenhausen concentration camp ; and since mid-February 1943 ran under the Neuengamme camp in northern Germany-located near the old telegraph tower at La Foulère .", "It was organised by the Schutzstaffel - SS-Baub...
[ "A faded memorial plate , tucked away behind the island 's parish church , vaguely mentions 45 Soviet citizens who died on Alderney in 1940-45 , without saying how they died and why .", "A faded memorial plate in the island 's parish church mentions 45 Soviet citizens who died on Alderney in 1940-45 but does not ...
[ "Local historian Colin Partridge feels this may be due to the locals ' desire to dissociate themselves from the accusations of collaboration .", "Local historian Colin Partridge feels this may be due to the locals ' desire to separat themselves from the accusations of collaboration ." ]
[ "700 people are estimated to died in the camps on Alderney , although it is now believed to have been higher .", "Each subcamp was named after one of the Frisian Islands : 700 people are estimated to died in the camps on Alderney , although it is now believed to have been higher ." ]
[ "Visitors are attracted both by the natural beauty of the Gulf of Kotor and by the old town of Kotor .", "During the last years Kotor has been visited by many tourists , who are attracted by both the beauty of the Gulf of Kotor and the old town ." ]
[ "The old Mediterranean port of Kotor is surrounded by fortifications built during the Venetian period .", "The old Mediterranean port of Kotor is surrounded by a city wall built by the Republic of Venice ." ]
[ "Kotor ( Montenegrin Cyrillic : Котор , pronounced ( kɔ̌tɔr ) ; Italian : Cattaro ) is a coastal town in Montenegro .", "Kotor ( Italian : Cattaro ) is a city in Montenegro ." ]
[ "Four centuries of Venetian domination have given the city the typical Venetian architecture , that contributed to make Kotor a UNESCO world heritage site .", "The city is a UNESCO World Heritage Site ." ]
[ "It is located in a secluded part of the Gulf of Kotor .", "The city is near the Gulf of Kotor ." ]
[ "Lewis Allan `` Lou '' Reed ( March 2 , 1942 - October 27 , 2013 ) was an American musician , singer and songwriter .", "Lewis Allan `` Lou '' Reed ( March 2 , 1942 - October 27 , 2013 ) was an American rock musician ." ]
[ "After his departure from the group , Reed began a solo career in 1972 .", "Reed began his career in 1964 ." ]
[ "The group soon caught the attention of artist Andy Warhol .", "He was friends with artist Andy Warhol ." ]
[ "In April 2009 , he was elected a foreign associate of the United States National Academy of Sciences .", "In April 2009 , he was elected as a member of the United States National Academy of Sciences , based in Washington , D.C. ." ]
[ "He studied at The Queen 's College of the University of Oxford from 1973 to 1976 , where he received a first-class degree in physics .", "After that , he studied at Queen 's College , Oxford , from 1973 to 1976 ." ]
[ "Berners-Lee was born in southwest London , England , on 8 June 1955 , one of four children born to Mary Lee Woods and Conway Berners-Lee .", "Tim Berners-Lee was born in London , on 8 June 1955 ." ]
[ "Berners-Lee is the director of the World Wide Web Consortium ( W3C ) , which oversees the Web 's continued development .", "Berners-Lee now leads the World Wide Web Consortium ." ]
[ "Sir Timothy John `` Tim '' Berners-Lee , OM , KBE , FRS , FREng , FRSA , DFBCS ( born 8 June 1955 ) , also known as `` TimBL '' , is a British computer scientist , best known as the inventor of the World Wide Web .", "Tim Berners-Lee ( Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee , OM , KBE , FRS , FREng , FRSA ) is the invento...
[ "Ernest Frederick I , Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen ( Gotha , 21 August 1681 - Hildburghausen , 9 March 1724 ) , was a duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen .", "Ernst Frederick I , Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen ( Gotha , 21 August 1681 - Hildburghausen , 9 March 1724 ) , was a duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen ." ]
[ "In Erbach on 4 February 1704 , Ernest Frederick married Countess Sophia Albertine of Erbach-Erbach .", "Ernst Frederick married Countess Sophia Albertine of Erbach-Erbach in Erbach on 4 February 1704 ." ]
[ "He was the eldest son of Ernest , Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen and Countess Sophie Henriette of Waldeck .", "He was the oldest son of Ernst , Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen and Countess Sophie Henriette of Waldeck ." ]
[ "Among them was the county of Cuylenburg , the dowry of his wife .", "He sold the county of Cuylenburg which was the dowry of his wife ." ]
[ "He wanted , like many German princes , to repeat the splendor of the court of the King Louis XIV of France in his own duchy ; but this was the cause of his financial ruin .", "Like many German princes , He wanted his duchy to have the splendor of the court of the King Louis XIV of France ." ]
[ "Likewise , in 1723 the office was finally sold to the duchy of Saxe-Meiningen .", "In 1723 the Schalkau was sold to the duchy of Saxe-Meiningen ." ]
[ "But the sale , without the assent of his wife was illegal , and this led to a war with Saxe-Meiningen .", "This led to a war with Saxe-Meiningen ." ]
[ "Constantly in need of money , he levied taxes and sold towns .", "Because he always needed money , he raised taxes and sold towns ." ]
[ "During his youth he served on the Netherlands in the imperial military army , during which he was wounded in the Spanish Succession War at Höchstädt ; in 1715 he left the Army after the death of his father , and assumed the government of the duchy of Saxe-Hildburghausen .", "He was wounded in the Spanish Success...