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[ "In August 1026 their father , Richard II , died and Richard III became duke , but very soon afterwards Robert rebelled against his brother , was subsequently defeated and forced to swear fealty to his older brother Richard .", "In August 1026 their father , Richard II , died and Richard III became the fifth duke...
[ "His cousins , the Athelings Edward and Alfred , sons of his aunt Emma of Normandy and Athelred , King of England had been living at the Norman Court and at one point Robert , on their behalf , attempted to mount an invasion of England but was prevented in doing so , it was said , by unfavorable winds .", "They w...
[ "Gesta Normannorum Ducum stated that King Cnut sent envoys to Duke Robert offering to settle half the Kingdom of England on Edward and Alfred .", "The king of England , Cnut the Great sent envoys to Duke Robert offering to settle half the Kingdom of England on Edward and Alfred ." ]
[ "The civil war Robert I had brought against his brother Richard III was still causing instability in the duchy .", "But the civil war Robert I had started against his brother Richard III did n't stop when the two made peace ." ]
[ "A temporary truce allowed his uncle to leave Normandy in exile but this resulted in an edict excommunicating all of Normandy , which was only lifted when Archbishop Robert was allowed to return and his countship was restored .", "Only a brief truce allowed his uncle to leave Normandy in exile ." ]
[ "They then decided to re-inter Robert 's body in Italy .", "They then decided to reinter Robert 's body in Italy ." ]
[ "However , Alan appealed to their uncle , Archbishop Robert of Rouen , who then brokered a peace between Duke Robert and his vassal Alan III .", "However , Alan appealed to Archbishop Robert of Rouen ( they were both his nephews ) ." ]
[ "Robert also seized a number of church properties belonging to the Abbey of Fecamp .", "Robert also seized a number of church properties belonging to the abbey of Fécamp ." ]
[ "Before he died , Richard II had decided his elder son Richard III would succeed him while his second son Robert would became Count of Hiémois .", "Robert would became Count of Hiémois ." ]
[ "For his help Henry I rewarded Robert with the French Vexin .", "For his help Henry I gave Robert the French Vexin ." ]
[ "When Richard III died a year later there were suspicions that Robert had had something to do with his death and although nothing could be proved , Robert had the most to gain .", "When Richard III died shortly after Robert 's surrender , there were suspicions that Robert might have caused his brother 's death ."...
[ "In 2000 , VRS officially became available throughout the State of Texas .", "Right now , VRS is only available in the United States ." ]
[ "Sometimes French Catalonia can also be used .", "Sometimes French Catalonia is also used ." ]
[ "The equivalent term in French , Catalogne Nord , is used nowadays , although less often than the more politically neutral Roussillon ( in reference to the pre-Revolutionary province ) .", "The French name , Catalogne Nord , is used nowadays , although less often than the more politically neutral Roussillon ( in ...
[ "The Roussillon plain in the east , by far the most populated area , is formed by the flood plains of the Tech , Têt and Agly rivers ( Catalan : Tec , Tet , Aglí ) .", "The Plain of Roussillon in the east , by far the area where more people live , is formed by the floodplains of the Tech , Têt and Agly rivers ( C...
[ "Northern Catalonia ( Catalan : Catalunya Nord ( kətəˈɫuɲə ˈnɔrt ) , French : Catalogne Nord ) is a term that is sometimes used , particularly in Catalan writings , to refer to the territory ceded to France by Spain through the signing of the Treaty of the Pyrenees in 1659 .", "Northern Catalonia ( Catalan : Cata...
[ "The city of Perpignan ( Catalan : Perpinyà ) accounts for over a quarter of the population , over one-third if its urban area is taken into account , and is the only major administrative and service center .", "More of a quarter of the population of Northern Catalonia is in the city of Perpignan ( Catalan : Perp...
[ "Gian Gastone de ' Medici ( Giovanni Battista Gastone ; 24 May 1671 - 9 July 1737 ) was the seventh and last Medicean Grand Duke of Tuscany .", "Gian Gastone de ' Medici ( 24 May 1671 - 9 July 1737 ) was the last Medici Grand Duke of Tuscany ." ]
[ "As Grand Prince Ferdinando , Gian Gastone 's elder brother , predeceased Cosimo III , Gian Gastone succeeded his father in 1723 .", "Gian Gastone succeeded his father as Grand Duke in 1723 ." ]
[ "He was the second son of Grand Duke Cosimo III and Marguerite Louise d'Orléans .", "He was the second son of Cosimo III de ' Medici , Grand Duke of Tuscany , and Marguerite Louise d'Orléans ." ]
[ "His sister , Electress Palatine Anna Maria Luisa , arranged his marriage to the wealthy and widowed Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg in 1697 .", "His sister , Anna Maria Luisa de ' Medici , the Electress Palatine , married him to Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg in 1697 ." ]
[ "Francis Stephen duly succeeded at Gian Gastone 's demise , on 9 July 1737 , ending almost 300 years of Medici rule over Florence .", "Francis then became the Grand Duke on 9 July 1737 ending almost 300 years of Medici rule over Florence ." ]
[ "Lisa Gerrard ( born 12 April 1961 ) is an Australian musician , singer and composer who rose to prominence as part of the music group Dead Can Dance with music partner Brendan Perry .", "Lisa Gerrard ( born April 12 , 1961 ) is an Australian musician , singer and composer who rose to fame as part of the group De...
[ "She received a Golden Globe Award for the music score to the film Gladiator , on which she collaborated with Hans Zimmer .", "Gerrard received a Golden Globe award and an Academy Award nomination for the score for the 2000 film Gladiator on which she teamed up with Hans Zimmer ." ]
[ "The Canonic Variations on `` Vom Himmel hoch da komm ' ich her '' ( `` From Heaven above to Earth I come '' ) , BWV 769 , are a set of five variations in canon for organ with two manuals and pedals by Johann Sebastian Bach on the Christmas hymn by Martin Luther of the same name .", "The Canonic Variations on `` ...
[ "In June 1747 , Bach was admitted as the fourteenth member of the `` Correspondierde Societät der Muscialischen Wissenschaften '' ( Corresponding Society for the Musical Sciences ) , a society devoted to musical scholarship founded in Leipzig in 1738 by Lorenz Christoph Mizler .", "In June 1747 , Bach was allowed...
[ "The Canonic Variations are based on the Christmas Hymn `` Von Himmel hoch , da komm ich her '' for which the words and melody were composed in 1539 by Martin Luther .", "The Canonic Variations are based on the Christmas Hymn `` Von Himmel hoch , da komm ich her '' ." ]
[ "The variations were prepared as a showpiece for Bach 's entry as fourteenth member of Mizler 's Music Society in Leipzig in 1747 .", "Bach composed the piece when he became a member of Mizler 's Music Society in Leipzig in 1747 ." ]
[ "In the second section , the pedal and the separate hands again play the chorale line by line in inverted canon , separated by an interval of a second and then a ninth , with a free imitative part in the hand playing the canon and a free running semiquaver part in the other hand .", "In the last section , marked ...
[ "Gregarious larvae have a yellow to orange covering with black spots ; solitary larvae are green or brown .", "Gregarious larvae have a yellow to orange covering with black spots ." ]
[ "Gregarious adults vary in size between 40 and 60 mm according to the sex ; they are smaller than the solitary adults .", "Gregarious adults vary in size between 40 and 60 mm according to the sex ." ]
[ "Many other species of Orthoptera with gregarious and migratory behavior are referred to as ` locusts ' in the vernacular .", "Many other species of Orthoptera with gregarious and migratory behavior are indicated with the name of ` locusts ' ." ]
[ "It transitions between two main phenotypes in response to population density ; the solitary phase and the gregarious phase .", "It has a solitary phase and a gregarious phase ." ]
[ "As the density of the population increases the locust transforms progressively from the solitary phase towards the gregarious phase with intermediate phases : Solitaire = solitary phase → transiens congregans ( intermediate form ) → gregarious phase → transiens dissocians ( intermediate form ) → solitaire = solita...
[ "The superficially similar Bryozoa ( Ectoprocta ) have the anus outside a `` crown '' of hollow tentacles .", "The superficially similar Bryozoa ( Ectoprocta ) have the anus outside a ` crown ' of hollow tentacles ." ]
[ "Some species eject unfertilized ova into the water , while others keep their ova in brood chambers until they hatch , and some of these species use placenta-like organs to nourish the developing eggs .", "Some species eject unfertilized ova into the water while others keep their ova in brood chambers until they ...
[ "Some authors use `` Entoprocta '' , while others prefer `` Kamptozoa '' .", "Some authors use Entoprocta , while others prefer Kamptozoa ." ]
[ "Fossils of entoprocts are very rare , and the earliest specimens that have been identified with confidence date from the Late Jurassic .", "Fossils of entoprocts are very rare and the earliest specimens that have been identified with confidence date from the Upper Jurassic ." ]
[ "Some species of nudibranchs ( `` sea slugs '' ) and turbellarian flatworms prey on entoprocts .", "Some species of nudibranchs ( sea slugs ) and flatworms prey on entoprocts ." ]
[ "The alternative name `` Kamptozoa '' , meaning `` bent '' or `` curved '' animals , was assigned in 1929 .", "The alternative name ` Kamptozoa ' , means ` bent ' or ` curved ' animals ." ]
[ "They have a `` crown '' of solid tentacles whose cilia generate water currents that draw food particles towards the mouth , and both the mouth and anus lie inside the `` crown '' .", "They are filter-feeders , with a crown of tentacles whose cilia generate water currents towards the mouth ." ]
[ "`` Entoprocta '' , coined in 1870 , means `` anus inside '' .", "` Entoprocta ' means ` anus inside ' ." ]
[ "Both colonial and solitary species also reproduce by cloning - solitary species grow clones in the space between the tentacles and then release them when developed , while colonial ones produce new members from the stalks or from corridor-like stolons .", "Both colonial and solitary species also reproduce by clo...
[ "The 2011 Japanese nuclear accidents subsequently undermined the nuclear power industry 's proposed renaissance and revived anti-nuclear passions worldwide , putting governments on the defensive .", "The 2011 Japanese nuclear accidents have `` revived anti-nuclear passions worldwide , putting governments on the d...
[ "The project was canceled in 1975 and anti-nuclear success at Wyhl inspired opposition to nuclear power in other parts of Europe and North America .", "Anti-nuclear success at Wyhl inspired nuclear opposition throughout Germany , in other parts of Europe , and in North America ." ]
[ "Many anti-nuclear groups oppose both nuclear power and nuclear weapons .", "Greenpeace suggests that nuclear power and nuclear weapons have grown up like Siamese twins ." ]
[ "Toshio Hayakawa ( 早川 俊夫 , Hayakawa Toshio ?", ", real name Toshio Hayakawa ( 早川 俊夫 , Hayakawa Toshio ? )" ]
[ "In July 1968 , Mizuki signed onto the Columbia Music Entertainment label and released his first single called `` Kimi ni sasageru Boku no Uta '' , composed by Kanae Wada .", "Ichiro Mizuki began his solo career in 1968 , although his first single `` Kimi ni sasageru Boku no Uta '' was released as this song was c...
[ "On July 17 , 2000 , with fellow anison vocalists Hironobu Kageyama ( Dragon Ball Z ) , Masaaki Endoh ( The King of Braves GaoGaiGar ) , Eizo Sakamoto ( vocalist of ANTHEM and Animetal ) , and Rica Matsumoto ( Pokémon ) , he formed the `` supergroup '' JAM Project .", "On July 19 , 2000 , he joined as a part-time...
[ "Falabella started acting in 1998 in Rede Globo 's teen telenovela Malhação , as Antônia .", "Falabella started acting in 1998 on Rede Globo 's teen telenovela Malhação , as Antônia ." ]
[ "Débora Lima Falabella ( February 22 , 1979 in Belo Horizonte , Brazil ) is a Brazilian actress .", "Débora Lima Falabella ( born February 22 , 1979 in Belo Horizonte ) is a Brazilian actress ." ]
[ "Cuthburh was married to King Aldfrith of Northumbria , and Ine himself was married to Æthelburg .", "His sister Cuthburh was married to King Aldfrith of Northumbria ." ]
[ "Ine was King of Wessex from 688 to 726 .", "Ine ( † 728 ) was a West Saxon nobleman who was King of Wessex from 688 to 726 ." ]
[ "Three years later Ine invaded again , this time killing Ealdberht .", "In 725 Ine invaded again and this time Ealdberht was killed ." ]
[ "Bede records that Ine held Sussex in subjection for `` several years '' , but in 722 an exile named Ealdbert fled to Surrey and Sussex , and Ine invaded Sussex as a result .", "Ine invaded sussex as a result ." ]
[ "Direct-to-video releases can be done for films which can not be shown theatrically due to controversial content , or because the cost involved in a theatrical release is beyond the releasing company .", "Direct-to-video releases can be done for movies which can not be shown theatrically due to controversial cont...
[ "This delay often occurs when a studio doubts a film 's commercial prospects would justify a full cinema release , or because its release window has closed .", "This delay often occurs when a studio doubts a movie 's commercial prospects would justify a full cinema release , or because its `` release window '' ha...
[ "Animated sequels and feature-length episodes of animated series are also often released in this fashion .", "Animated sequels and movie-length episodes of animated series are also often released in this fashion . )" ]
[ "A release window refers to a timely trend or personality , and missing that window of opportunity means a film , possibly rushed into production , failed to release before the trend faded .", "A release window refers to a timely trend or personality , and missing that window of opportunity means a movie , possib...
[ "Studios , limited in the annual number of films to which they grant cinematic releases , may choose to pull the completed film from the theaters , or never exhibit it in theaters at all .", "Studios , limited in the annual number of movies they grant cinematic releases to , may choose to pull the completed movie...
[ "In film-industry slang , such films are referred to as having been `` vaulted '' .", "In movie industry slang such movies are referred to as having been `` vaulted . ''" ]
[ "The Walt Disney Company began making sequels to many of its animated films for video release beginning with The Return of Jafar ( the sequel to Aladdin ) in 1994 .", "The Walt Disney Company began making sequels of most of its animated movies for video release beginning with The Return of Jafar ( the sequel to A...
[ "A production studio may decide not to generally release a TV show or film for several possible reasons : poor quality , lack of support from a TV network , negative reviews , controversial nature , or a simple lack of general public interest .", "Often a production studio will develop a TV show or movie which is...
[ "Occasionally , a studio that makes a movie that was prepared as a direct-to-video film will release it theatrically at the last minute due to the success of another film with a similar subject matter or an ultimate studio decision .", "Once in a while , a studio that makes a movie that was prepared as a direct-t...
[ "Despite this , direct-to-video releases have become something of a lifeline for independent filmmakers and smaller companies .", "They have become something of a lifeline for independent filmmakers and smaller companies ." ]
[ "Some films released direct to video are films which have been completed but were never released in movie theaters .", "Some studio movies released direct-to-video are movies which have been completed but were never released ." ]
[ "The new term sometimes used is DVDP ( `` DVD Premiere '' ) .", "The new term used is DVDP ( `` DVD Premiere '' ) ." ]
[ "Such films can cost as much as $ 20 million ( about a third of the average cost of a Hollywood release ) .", "Such movies can cost as much as $ 20 million ( about a third of the average cost of a Hollywood release ) and feature actors like Jean-Claude Van Damme and Steven Seagal ." ]
[ "As DVDs gradually replaced videocassettes , the term `` direct-to-DVD '' replaced `` direct-to-video '' in some instances .", "As the DVD format supplants the videocassette , companies have increasingly released movies in DVD format rather than VHS , causing the term `` direct-to-DVD '' to replace `` direct-to-v...
[ "Direct to video ( also known as direct to DVD , direct to VHS , direct to digital , made for video , straight to video , shot on video , or straight to DVD ) refers to the release of a film to the public immediately on home video formats rather than a theatrical release or television broadcast .", "A movie that ...
[ "The four-horned antelope ( Tetracerus quadricornis ) , or chousingha , is a species of small antelope found in open forest in India and Nepal .", "The four-horned antelope ( Tetracerus quadricornis ) is an animal ." ]
[ "Most wild four-horned antelope are found in India , with small , isolated populations in Nepal .", "Four-horned antelopes live in India and Nepal ." ]
[ "Males of the species are unique among extant mammals in that they possess four permanent horns .", "Males have four horns ." ]
[ "Dürer 's father died in 1502 , and his mother died in 1513 .", "Dürer 's father died in 1502 and his mother died in 1513 ." ]
[ "He wrote that Giovanni Bellini was the oldest and still the best of the artists in Venice .", "Dürer wrote that Giovanni Bellini was the oldest and still the best of the artists in Venice ." ]
[ "Other paintings Dürer produced in Venice include The Virgin and Child with the Goldfinch , Christ Disputing with the Doctors ( supposedly produced in a mere five days ) , and a number of smaller works .", "Other paintings Dürer made in Venice include , The Virgin and Child with the Goldfinch , Christ disputing w...
[ "The Venetian artist Jacopo de ' Barbari , whom Dürer had met in Venice , visited Nuremberg in 1500 , and Dürer said that he learned much about the new developments in perspective , anatomy , and proportion from him .", "The Venetian artist Jacopo de ' Barbari , whom Dürer had met in Venice , visited Nuremberg in...
[ "On his return to Nuremberg in 1495 , Dürer opened his own workshop ( being married was a requirement for this ) .", "On his return to Nuremberg in 1495 , Dürer opened his own workshop ." ]
[ "A self-portrait , a drawing in silverpoint , is dated 1484 ( Albertina , Vienna ) `` when I was a child , '' as his later inscription says .", "A self-portrait , a drawing in silverpoint , is dated 1484 ( Albertina , Vienna ) ." ]
[ "Wolgemut was the leading artist in Nuremberg at the time , with a large workshop producing a variety of works of art , in particular woodcuts for books .", "Wolgemut was the leading artist in Nuremberg at the time , and had a large workshop making different types of works of art , in particular woodcuts for book...
[ "It was subsequently acquired by the Emperor Rudolf II and taken to Prague .", "Later , the Emperor Rudolf II took it to Prague ." ]
[ "Though his father wanted him to continue his training as a goldsmith , he showed such a precocious talent in drawing that he started as an apprentice to Michael Wolgemut at the age of fifteen in 1486 .", "His father wanted him to continue his training as a goldsmith , but he was so good at drawing that he starte...
[ "Other works from this period include the thirty-seven woodcut subjects of the Little Passion , published first in 1511 , and a set of fifteen small engravings on the same theme in 1512 .", "The famous works he made in this period were the thirty-seven woodcuts for the Little Passion , published first in 1511 , a...
[ "Nuremberg was then an important and prosperous city , a center for publishing and many luxury trades .", "Nuremberg was a rich city , a center for publishing and many luxury trades ." ]
[ "Koberger 's most famous publication was the Nuremberg Chronicle , published in 1493 in German and Latin editions .", "His most famous publication was the Nuremberg Chronicle , published in 1493 in German and Latin ." ]
[ "Albrecht Dürer ( German : ( ˈalbʁɛçt ˈdyːʁɐ ) ; 21 May 1471 - 6 April 1528 ) was a German painter , engraver , printmaker , mathematician , and theorist from Nuremberg .", "Albrecht Dürer ( 21 May 1471 - 6 April 1528 ) was a German painter , engraver and mathematician ." ]
[ "His well-known prints include the Knight , Death , and the Devil ( 1513 ) , Saint Jerome in his Study ( 1514 ) and Melencolia I ( 1514 ) , which has been the subject of extensive analysis and interpretation .", "Dürer 's best known individual engravings ( that is , ones that are not part of a series ) include Kn...
[ "He also continued to make images in watercolor and bodycolor ( usually combined ) , including a number of still lifes of meadow sections or animals , including his Young Hare ( 1502 ) and the Great Piece of Turf ( 1503 , both also Albertina ) .", "He also continued to make images in watercolor and bodycolor ( us...
[ "Dürer was born on 21 May 1471 , third child and second son of his parents , who had between fourteen and eighteen children .", "Dürer was the third child and second son of his parents , who had between fourteen and eighteen children ." ]
[ "However , his training in Wolgemut 's studio , which made many carved and painted altarpieces and both designed and cut woodblocks for woodcut , evidently gave him great understanding of what the technique could be made to produce , and how to work with block cutters .", "But he had designed and cut woodblocks f...
[ "During this period he also completed two woodcut series , the Great Passion and the Life of the Virgin , both published in 1511 together with a second edition of the Apocalypse series .", "During this period he also completed the two woodcut series , the Great Passion and the Life of the Virgin ." ]
[ "Very soon after his return to Nuremberg , on 7 July 1494 , at the age of 23 , Dürer was married to Agnes Frey following an arrangement made during his absence .", "In fact , very soon after he got back to Nuremberg , on 7 July 1494 Dürer was married to Agnes Frey ." ]
[ "Agnes was the daughter of a prominent brass worker ( and amateur harpist ) in the city .", "She was the daughter of a well known brass worker ( and amateur harpist ) in the city ." ]
[ "In 1515 , he created his woodcut of a Rhinoceros which had arrived in Lisbon from a written description and sketch by another artist , without ever seeing the animal himself .", "In 1515 , he created his woodcut of the Rhinoceros ." ]
[ "By this time Dürer 's engravings had attained great popularity and were being copied .", "By this time Dürer 's engravings were very popular and were being copied ." ]
[ "After completing his term of apprenticeship , Dürer followed the common German custom of taking Wanderjahre-in effect gap years - in which the apprentice learned skills from artists in other areas ; Dürer was to spend about four years away .", "After completing his term of apprenticeship in 1489 , Dürer followed...
[ "His famous series of sixteen great designs for the Apocalypse is dated 1498 , as is his engraving of St. Michael Fighting the Dragon .", "His famous series of sixteen great designs for the Apocalypse are dated 1498 ." ]
[ "A series of extant drawings show Dürer 's experiments in human proportion , leading to the famous engraving of Adam and Eve ( 1504 ) , which shows his subtlety while using the burin in the texturing of flesh surfaces .", "This is a series of drawings show Dürer 's experiments in human proportion , before he made...
[ "Dürer 's godfather was Anton Koberger , who left goldsmithing to become a printer and publisher in the year of Dürer 's birth and quickly became the most successful publisher in Germany , eventually owning twenty-four printing-presses and having many offices in Germany and abroad .", "Dürer 's godfather was Anto...
[ "It contained an unprecedented 1,809 woodcut illustrations ( albeit with many repeated uses of the same block ) by the Wolgemut workshop .", "It had 1,809 woodcut pictures by the Wolgemut workshop ." ]