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[ "The Ground Forces of the Russian Federation ( Russian : Сухопутные войска Российской Федерации , tr .", "The Russian Ground Forces ( Russian : Сухопутные войска Российской Федерации ) are the land forces of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation , formed after the break up of the Soviet Union ." ]
[ "Madey used a 43-MeV electron beam and 5 m long wiggler to amplify a signal .", "Madey used a 24 MeV electron beam and 5 m long wiggler to amplify a signal ." ]
[ "The free-electron laser has the widest frequency range of any laser type , and can be widely tunable , currently ranging in wavelength from microwaves , through terahertz radiation and infrared , to the visible spectrum , ultraviolet , and X-ray .", "The free-electron laser has the widest frequency range of any ...
[ "The work emanates from research done by Hans Motz and his coworkers , who built an undulator at Stanford in 1953 , using the wiggler magnetic configuration which is the heart of a free electron laser .", "The work builds on research done by Hans Motz and his coworkers who made the first undulator at Stanford in ...
[ "The term free-electron lasers was coined by John Madey in 1976 at Stanford University .", "Free-electron lasers were invented by John Madey in 1976 at Stanford University ." ]
[ "A free-electron laser ( FEL ) , is a type of laser that uses very-high-speed electrons that move freely through a magnetic structure , hence the term free electron as the lasing medium .", "Unlike gas , liquid , or solid-state lasers such as diode lasers , in which electrons are excited while bound to atoms , FE...
[ "In the human male , the urethra is about 8 inches ( 20 cm ) long and opens at the end of the penis .", "In men , the urethra is about 20 cm ( 8 in ) long and its opening to the outside of the body is at the end of the penis ." ]
[ "In anatomy , the urethra ( from Greek οὐρήθρα - ourethra ) is a tube that connects the urinary bladder to the genitals for the removal of fluids from the body .", "The urethra is a tube that connects the bladder to the outside of the body ." ]
[ "The female urethra is about 4 cm in length .", "The female urethra is between the clitoris and the opening to the vagina ." ]
[ "The external urethral sphincter is a striated muscle that allows voluntary control over urination .", "People and animals control urination using the urethral sphincter ." ]
[ "The feathers on the head , neck and shoulders are particularly dense and silky .", "The feathers on the head , neck and shoulders are dense and silky ." ]
[ "The feathering around the legs also looks shaggier and laxer than the congeneric Carrion Crow .", "The feathering around the legs look shaggier and laxer than the Carrion Crow ." ]
[ "Food is predominantly earthworms and insect larvae , which the bird finds by probing the ground with its strong bill .", "Its food is mostly earthworms and insect larvae , which the bird finds by probing the ground with its strong bill ." ]
[ "The legs and feet are generally black and the bill grey-black .", "The legs and feet are generally black , and the bill ( beak ) is grey-black ." ]
[ "Rooks are distinguished from similar members of the crow family by the bare grey-white skin around the base of the adult 's bill in front of the eyes .", "Rooks differs from the crow by the bare grey-white skin around the base of the adult 's bill , in front of the eyes ." ]
[ "The Rook ( Corvus frugilegus ) is a member of the Corvidae family in the passerine order of birds .", "The Rook is a member of the Crow family ." ]
[ "The juvenile is superficially more similar to the Crow because it lacks the bare patch at the base of the bill , but it has a thinner bill and loses the facial feathers after about six months .", "The young bird looks just like a crow because it lacks the bare patch at the base of the bill ." ]
[ "This species is similar in size ( 45-47 cm in length ) to or slightly smaller than the Carrion Crow with black feathers often showing a blue or bluish-purple sheen in bright sunlight .", "It has black feathers , which show a blue or bluish-purple sheen ( glint ) in bright sunlight ." ]
[ "Branches and twigs are broken off trees ( very rarely picked up off the ground ) , though as many are likely to be stolen from nearby nests as are collected from trees .", "Branches and twigs are broken off trees for the nests ." ]
[ "The D.C. United Academy is the youth and development program for Major League Soccer club , D.C. United .", "The D.C. United Academy is a program for young soccer players that is run by D.C. United , a pro soccer team that plays in Major League Soccer ." ]
[ "While the U-23 team plays in the fourth tier , USL Premier Development League , the U-20 team plays in the Super-20 League , and the Academy and Pre-Academy teams play in the U.S. Soccer Development Academy leagues .", "The teams compete in the United States Soccer Federations ' Development Academy league ." ]
[ "The D.C. United Academy features youth squads ranging from players under the age of 23 , to pre-academy teams that are for players aged 14 and 15 .", "D.C. United 's Academy has several different levels , including , a U-23 team , a U-18 team , a U-16 team and then `` Pre-Academy '' teams ." ]
[ "The headquarters of the Mark Twain National Forest is located in Rolla .", "The main office of the Mark Twain National Forest is also located in Rolla ." ]
[ "In addition , this is part of the Ozark Highlands American Viticultural Area , with vineyards established first by Italian immigrants to the area .", "The Rolla area is part of the Ozark Highlands American Viticultural Area , with vineyards established first by Italian immigrants to the area ." ]
[ "The population in the 2010 United States Census was 19,559 .", "Its population in the 2010 United States Census was 19,559 ." ]
[ "Rolla \\ / ˈrɒlə \\ / is a city and county seat of Phelps County , Missouri , United States .", "It is the county seat of Phelps County ." ]
[ "The electromagnetic spectrum , in order of increasing frequency and decreasing wavelength , can be divided , for practical engineering purposes , into radio waves , microwaves , infrared radiation , visible light , ultraviolet radiation , X-rays and gamma rays .", "Quantum mechanics developed from the study of e...
[ "There is usually little or no swelling , and it is rare for any nearby lymph nodes to be affected .", "There is usually little or no swelling involved , and it is rare for any nearby lymph nodes to be affected ." ]
[ "They are among the most completely aquatic of all air-breathing vertebrates .", "Nevertheless , they are among the most completely aquatic of all air-breathing vertebrates ." ]
[ "Among this group are species with some of the most potent venoms of all snakes .", "Among this group are species with some of the most potent poisons of all snakes ." ]
[ "They are found in warm coastal waters from the Indian Ocean to the Pacific .", "Sea snakes are found in warm coastal waters from the Indian Ocean to the Pacific ." ]
[ "Currently , 17 genera are described as sea snakes , comprising 62 species .", "Currently , 17 genera are described as sea snakes , with 62 species ." ]
[ "Sea turtles ' lacrimal glands allow them to produce very salty tears .", "Sea turtles have lacrimal glands that allow them to produce very salty tears ." ]
[ "Some have gentle dispositions and bite only when provoked , but others are much more aggressive .", "Some have gentle dispositions and bite only when provoked , while others are much more aggressive ." ]
[ "Unlike fish , they do not have gills and must surface regularly to breathe .", "However , unlike fish , they do not have gills and must come to the surface regularly to breathe ." ]
[ "All have paddle-like tails and many have laterally compressed bodies that give them an eel-like appearance .", "All sea snakes have paddle-like tails and many have laterally compressed bodies - they look somewhat like eels ." ]
[ "After 6-12 h , severe hyperkalemia , also the result of muscle breakdown , can lead to cardiac arrest .", "After six to twelve hours , severe hyperkalemia can lead to cardiac arrest ." ]
[ "In birds , such as penguins , salt is removed through nasal glands , just as with the marine iguanas of the Galapagos Islands .", "In birds , such as penguins , salt is removed through nasal glands ." ]
[ "Mammals have the advantage of being able to pass salt in solution , mostly in the urine , but kidney function in birds and reptiles is too weak to remove salt in sufficient amounts .", "Kidney function in birds and reptiles is too weak to remove enough salt ." ]
[ "This is unusual for reptiles , because their skin is thick and scaly , but experiments with the black-and-yellow sea snake , Pelamis platurus ( a pelagic species ) , have shown this species can satisfy about 25 % of its oxygen requirements in this manner , which allows for prolonged dives .", "Experiments with t...
[ "For example , Pelamis platurus has a venom more potent than any terrestrial snake species in Costa Rica based on LD50 , but despite its abundance in the waters off its western coast , few human fatalities have been reported .", "Pelamis platurus has a venom more potent than any other terrestrial snake species in...
[ "The most important symptoms are rhabdomyolysis ( rapid breakdown of skeletal muscle tissue ) and paralysis .", "The most important symptoms are a rapid breakdown of skeletal muscle tissue and paralysis ." ]
[ "After 3-8 h , myoglobin , as a result of muscle breakdown , may start to show up in the blood plasma , which can cause the urine to turn a dark reddish , brown , or black color , and eventually lead to acute renal failure .", "It can cause the urine to turn a dark reddish , brown , or black in color , and eventu...
[ "In sea snakes , the posterior sub lingual glands , located under and around the tongue sheath , evolved to allow them to expel salt with their tongue action .", "But in sea snakes , glands under and around the tongue let them expel salt with their tongue action ." ]
[ "Like other land animals that have adapted to life in a marine environment , sea snakes ingest considerably more salt than their terrestrial relatives through their diets , and when seawater is inadvertently swallowed .", "Like other land animals that have adapted to life in a marine environment , sea snakes swal...
[ "The Hydrophiinae , also known as coral reef snakes or sea snakes , are a subfamily of venomous elapid snakes that inhabit marine environments for most or all of their lives .", "Sea snakes , or `` coral snakes , are poisonous elapid snakes that live in marine environments for most or all of their lives ." ]
[ "This is followed later on by symptoms typical of other elapid envenomations : a progressive flaccid paralysis , starting with ptosis and paralysis of voluntary muscles .", "This is followed later on by symptoms typical of other elapid poisonings : a progressive paralysis of muscles ." ]
[ "Also , two WAC members for men 's sports at the time , Air Force and Hawaiʻi , brought their women 's sports into the WAC .", "At the same time , Air Force and Hawaiʻi brought their women 's sports into the WAC ." ]
[ "The WAC has 26 former full members .", "These moves meant that the WAC now had 16 members ." ]
[ "New Mexico State and Utah State applied for charter membership and were turned down ; they would eventually become WAC members 43 years later .", "New Mexico State and Utah State applied for charter membership , but were turned down , and would not join until 2005 ." ]
[ "At the same time , Louisiana Tech ( LA Tech ) ended its independent D-IA status and also accepted an invitation to join the WAC with Boise State .", "Louisiana Tech University also joined the WAC alongside Boise State ." ]
[ "In response , the WAC added Idaho , New Mexico State , and Utah State - all former Big West schools which left the conference in 2000 along with Boise State when that conference dropped football .", "The WAC responded by adding the three other schools that had played Big West football ( Idaho , New Mexico State ...
[ "The Western Athletic Conference ( WAC ) is an American collegiate athletic conference affiliated with the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I which was formed on July 27 , 1962 .", "The Western Athletic Conference ( WAC ) is a group of colleges and universities , mostly in the Western Un...
[ "In 2000 , the University of Nevada , Reno ( Nevada ) of the Big West joined as part of its plan to upgrade its athletic program .", "The post-breakup WAC quickly added a new member in the University of Nevada , Reno ( Nevada ) , which joined from the Big West in 2000 ." ]
[ "Big West Conference members San Jose State and UNLV were also admitted , as well as Tulsa from the Missouri Valley Conference .", "The others were San Jose State and the University of Nevada , Las Vegas ( UNLV ) , both from the Big West Conference , and the University of Tulsa from the Missouri Valley Conference...
[ "This nine-team line-up of the WAC defined the conference for nearly 15 years .", "This nine-team lineup defined the WAC for the next 15 years ." ]
[ "The WAC merged with the High Country Athletic Conference , a parallel organization to the WAC for women 's athletics , in 1990 to unify both men 's and women 's athletics under one administrative structure .", "In 1990 , the WAC added women 's sports when it absorbed the High Country Athletic Conference , a wome...
[ "The Kinston Indians were a minor league baseball team of the Carolina League ( CL ) , and the High-A affiliate of the Cleveland Indians .", "The Kinston Indians were a Minor league baseball team in Kinston , North Carolina ." ]
[ "It was the second time a Kinston team had accomplished this feat .", "2007 is the twenty-first season that the Kinston team has been known as the Indians ." ]
[ "The team played its home games at Grainger Stadium , which opened in 1949 and holds 4,100 fans .", "The Indians , or K-Tribe as they are nicknamed , play their home games in Grainger Stadium ." ]
[ "The Carolina League became a High-A circuit .", "The team still plays in the Carolina League ." ]
[ "Today , Burushaski contains numerous loanwords from Urdu ( including English and Persian words received via Urdu ) , and from the neighbouring Dardic languages such as Shina and Khowar , as well as a few from Turkic languages , from the neighboring Sino-Tibetan language Balti , and from the neighboring Eastern Ira...
[ "All three dialects are mutually intelligible .", "The dialect of Yasin is thought to be the least affected by contact with neighboring languages and is generally less similar to the other two than those are to each other ; nevertheless all three dialects are mutually intelligible ." ]
[ "It was a socialist state and a federation made up of six socialist republics : Bosnia and Herzegovina , Croatia , Macedonia , Montenegro , Serbia , and Slovenia .", "It was a socialist state and a federation made up of Bosnia and Herzegovina , Croatia , Macedonia , Montenegro , Serbia , and Slovenia ." ]
[ "Indeed , voting was on a single list of People 's Front candidates with provision for opposition votes to be cast in separate voting boxes , but this procedure made electors identifiable by OZNA agents .", "This situation caused the three royalist representatives , Grol-Subasic-Juraj Sutej , to secede from the p...
[ "From the Colle di Cadibona to Col de Tende it runs westwards , before turning to the northwest and then , near the Colle della Maddalena , to the north .", "From the Colle di Cadibona to Col de Tende it runs to the west before turning to the northwest and then , to the north , near the Colle della Maddalena ." ]
[ "The secondary chain of the Alps follows the watershed from the Mediterranean Sea to the Wienerwald , passing over many of the highest and most well-known peaks in the Alps .", "The main chain of the Alps follows the watershed from the Mediterranean Sea to the Wienerwald , defining the northern border of Italy ."...
[ "Crossing routes by road , train or foot are known as passes , and usually consist of depressions in the mountains in which a valley leads from the plains and hilly pre-mountainous zones .", "These are depressions in the mountains into which a valley leads from the plains and hilly pre-mountainous places ." ]
[ "Upon reaching the Swiss border , the line of the main chain heads approximately east-northeast , a heading it follows until its end near Vienna .", "Upon reaching the Swiss border , the line of the main chain goes about northeast , a heading it follows until its end near Vienna ." ]
[ "The Alps have been crossed for war and commerce , and by pilgrims , students and tourists .", "The Alps do not make an impassable block ; they have been traveled by for war and commerce , and later by pilgrims , students and tourists ." ]
[ "Mont Blanc spans the French-Italian border , and at 4,810 m ( 15,781 ft ) is the highest mountain in the Alps .", "The highest mountain in the Alps is Mont Blanc , at 4,808 metres ( 15,774 ft ) , on the Italian-French border ." ]
[ "The highest peaks of the Western Alps and Eastern Alps , respectively , are Mont Blanc , at 4,810 m ( 15,780 ft ) and Piz Bernina at 4,049 metres ( 13,284 ft ) .", "The highest peak in the Eastern Alps is Piz Bernina , 4,049 metres ( 13,284 ft ) ." ]
[ "The Alps are one of the great mountain range systems of Europe stretching approximately 1,200 kilometres ( 750 mi ) across eight Alpine countries from Austria and Slovenia in the east , France , Switzerland , Liechtenstein , and south east Germany , to the west .", "The Alps stretch from Austria and Slovenia in ...
[ "Monaco and Italy to the south .", "It reaches from Austria and Slovenia in the east ; through Italy , Switzerland , Liechtenstein and Germany ; to France in the west ." ]
[ "Two Eleutherodactylus species , E. limbatus and E. iberia , belong to the smallest known frogs , measuring only 8.5 mm in length ( only slightly larger than Paedophryne amauensis , which measures around 7.7 mm ) .", "Two Eleutherodactylus species , E. limbatus and E. iberia , belong to the smallest known frogs ....
[ "Many of the 185 species of the genus are commonly known as `` rain frogs '' or `` robber frogs '' , due to their sharp , high-pitched , insect-like calls .", "Many of them are commonly called `` rain frogs '' or `` robber frogs '' ." ]
[ "Horus was the ancient Egyptian sky god who was usually depicted as a falcon , most likely a lanner or peregrine falcon .", "Horus was an ancient Egyptian sky god in the form of a falcon ." ]
[ "The mirror image , or left eye , sometimes represented the moon and the god Djehuti ( Thoth ) .", "The `` mirror image '' , or left eye , represented the moon and the God Tehuti ( Thoth ) ." ]
[ "The eye symbol represents the marking around the eye of the falcon , including the `` teardrop '' marking sometimes found below the eye .", "This includes the `` teardrop '' marking sometimes found below the eye ." ]
[ "The Eye of Horus is an ancient Egyptian symbol of protection , royal power and good health .", "The Eye of Horus was an important symbol in ancient Egypt ." ]
[ "The first book on coins was De Asse et Partibus ( 1514 ) by Guillaume Budé .", "The first known book about coin collecting was in 1514 , `` De Asse et Partibus '' , by Guillaume Budé ." ]
[ "Modern numismatics is the study of the coins of the mid-17th century onward , the period of machine struck coins .", "Modern numismatics is a sub-field that focuses on when coins started being stamped by machines ( around 17th century on ) ." ]
[ "Coin collecting may have existed in ancient times .", "Coin collectors may have existed in ancient times ." ]
[ "Numismatics is the study or collection of currency , including coins , tokens , paper money , and related objects .", "Numismatics is the study and collecting of coins and the history behind the coins ." ]
[ "Jefferson 's political failure to coerce Great Britain led him towards economic warfare : the Embargo of 1807 .", "Jefferson 's political failure to solve the problem with Great Britain led him towards economic warfare : the Embargo of 1807 ." ]
[ "President Thomas Jefferson initially attempted to use this widespread bellicosity to diplomatically threaten the British government into settling the matter .", "President Thomas Jefferson tried to use the anger to diplomatically threaten the British government into settling the matter ." ]
[ "The Chesapeake-Leopard Affair was a naval engagement that occurred off the coast of Norfolk , Virginia , on 22 June 1807 , between the British warship HMS Leopard and American frigate USS Chesapeake , when the crew of the Leopard pursued , attacked and boarded the American frigate looking for deserters from the Ro...
[ "The United States Congress backed away from armed conflict when British envoys showed no contrition for the Chesapeake affair and delivered proclamations reaffirming impressment .", "The United States Congress backed away from armed conflict when British diplomats showed that they felt they did nothing wrong in ...
[ "Silverstein released their fifth studio album , titled Rescue in April 2011 .", "In Spring 2011 , Silverstein released their fifth album , Rescue ." ]
[ "Silverstein is a Canadian post-hardcore band from Burlington , Ontario , Canada which formed in 2000 .", "Silverstein is an post-hardcore band formed in Ontario , Canada , in 2000 ." ]
[ "The band left long-time record label , Victory Records , in 2010 , and are currently signed with Hopeless Records and Universal Music Canada .", "They left Victory Records in 2010 and joined Hopeless Records ." ]
[ "The band also toured on the 2006 Vans Warped Tour , debuting on the main stage in support of Discovering the Waterfront and a compilation album , 18 Candles : The Early Years .", "The next year , 2006 , they toured on the `` Vans Warped '' tour ." ]
[ "Their band name is a reference to the famous children 's author Shel Silverstein , whom the band had admired and read the stories of as children .", "Their name come from a children-book writer , Shel Silverstein ." ]
[ "Bell is also credited with the invention of the metal detector in 1881 .", "Bell is also credited with the invention of an improved metal detector in 1881 that made sounds when it was near metal ." ]
[ "Alexander Bell was born in Edinburgh , Scotland on March 3 , 1847 .", "Alexander Graham Bell was born in Edinburgh , Scotland ." ]
[ "In 1888 , Bell became one of the founding members of the National Geographic Society .", "In 1888 , he was one of the original members of the National Geographic Society and became its second president ." ]
[ "Alexander Graham Bell ( March 3 , 1847 - August 2 , 1922 ) was an eminent scientist , inventor , engineer and innovator who is credited with inventing the first practical telephone .", "Alexander Graham Bell ( March 3 , 1847 - August 2 , 1922 ) was a teacher , scientist , and inventor ." ]
[ "According to some accounts , the metal detector worked flawlessly in tests but did not find the assassin 's bullet partly because the metal bed frame on which the President was lying disturbed the instrument , resulting in static .", "The metal detector worked , but did not find the bullet because of the metal b...
[ "At age 16 , Bell secured a position as a `` pupil-teacher '' of elocution and music , in Weston House Academy , at Elgin , Moray , Scotland .", "At the age of sixteen , he got a job as a student and teacher of elocution and music in Weston House Academy , at Elgin in Morayshire ." ]
[ "In 1891 , Bell had begun experiments to develop motor-powered heavier-than-air aircraft .", "Bell began to study communication machines ." ]