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[ "It provides after all the proof of evolution . ''", "It provides after all the proof of evolution '' ." ]
[ "Kettlewell repeated the experiment in 1955 at unpolluted woodland in Dorset and again in the polluted woods in Birmingham .", "Kettlewell repeated the experiment in 1955 in an unpolluted woodland in Dorset , and again in polluted woods in Birmingham ." ]
[ "The only previous experiments of this type were R.A. Fisher and E.B. Ford 's ( 1947 ) with the scarlet tiger moth .", "The only previous experiments of this type were R.A. Fisher and E.B. Ford 's with the Scarlet tiger moth ." ]
[ "The evolution of the peppered moth over the last two hundred years has been studied in detail .", "The evolution of the peppered moth has been studied in detail over the last 150 years ." ]
[ "He observed a number of species of bird preying on the moths , and the overall data led him to conclude that differential bird predation was a major factor responsible for the decline in carbonaria frequency compared to typica in Cambridge during the study period .", "The overall data led him to conclude that di...
[ "At the same time , the dark-coloured , or melanic , moths , carbonaria , flourished because of their ability to hide on the darkened trees .", "At the same time , the dark-coloured , or melanic , moths , carbonaria , flourished ." ]
[ "Further studies by others found similar results , culminating in 1996 when reporting work on both sides of the Atlantic found a correlation between changes in melanic frequencies and pollution levels .", "Finally , in 1996 , work on both sides of the Atlantic found a correlation between changes in melanic freque...
[ "By 1895 , it had reached a reported frequency of 98 % in Manchester .", "By 1895 , it reached a frequency of 98 % in Manchester ." ]
[ "Its decline has been measured more accurately than its rise , because of more rigorous scientific studies being conducted .", "Its decline has been measured more accurately than its rise , because of better scientific studies ." ]
[ "Much more is known about the subsequent fall in phenotype frequency , as it has been measured by lepidopterists using moth traps .", "Much more is known about the subsequent fall in phenotype frequency , because it was measured with moth traps ." ]
[ "Notably , Bernard Kettlewell conducted a national survey in 1956 , Bruce Grant conducted a similar one in early 1996 .", "Bernard Kettlewell conducted a national survey in 1956 , Bruce Grant conducted a similar one in early 1996 , and L.M. Cook in 2003 ." ]
[ "He found that in this polluted woodland typica morphs were preferentially preyed .", "He found , in polluted woodland , more typica morphs were taken ." ]
[ "Following correspondence with Hooper he added an experiment to find if bat predation might have skewed the results - this found that bats preyed equally on both forms of the moth .", "In the main experiment in Cambridge from 2001-2007 Majerus added an experiment to find if bat predation might have skewed the res...
[ "The most famous experiments on the peppered moth were carried out by Bernard Kettlewell under the supervision of E. B. Ford , who helped him gain a grant from the Nuffield Foundation to perform the experiments .", "The most famous experiments on the peppered moth were carried out by Bernard Kettlewell under the ...
[ "In 1953 , Kettlewell experimented at Cadbury Nature Reserve in Birmingham , England , marking , releasing and recapturing marked moths .", "In 1953 , Kettlewell experimented at Cadbury Nature Reserve in Birmingham ." ]
[ "Since then , with improved environmental standards , light-coloured peppered moths have again become common , but the dramatic change in the peppered moth 's population has remained a subject of much interest and study , and has led to the coining of the term industrial melanism to refer to the genetic darkening o...
[ "An experiment in field biology will always suffer from some level of artificiality , but that has to be balanced against practicality , costs and in this case the history of field biology ; the most important aspect is that an experiment generates useful statistics .", "A field experiment in biology will always ...
[ "Majerus died before he could complete the writing up of his experiments , but the work was carried on by Cook , Grant , Saccheri and Mallet , and published on 8 February 2012 as `` Selective bird predation on the peppered moth : the last experiment of Michael Majerus . ''", "Majerus died before he could complete...
[ "He was accompanied by Nico Tinbergen , and they made a film together .", "He was accompanied by Niko Tinbergen , and they made a film of this ." ]
[ "Information about the rise in frequency is scarce .", "Information about the initial rise in melanic frequency is scarce ." ]
[ "However , because of widespread pollution during the Industrial Revolution in England , many of the lichens died out , and the trees that peppered moths rested on became blackened by soot , causing most of the light-coloured moths , or typica , to die off from predation .", "The trees became blackened by soot , ...
[ "In 2000 Majerus developed plans for experiments to establish where peppered moths rest through the day , and to examine if the various valid criticisms of Kettlewell 's experimental protocols could have altered the qualitative validity of his conclusions .", "In 2000 Majerus developed plans for further experimen...
[ "In 1896 J. W. Tutt hypothesised that the increased proportion of carbonaria resulted from differential bird predation giving an advantage to the melanistic phenotype in polluted regions , but not in unpolluted regions where the light colored typica moths had the advantage .", "In 1896 J. W. Tutt suggested that t...
[ "In the mid-16th century , Portuguese settlers from Pernambuco founded Filipéia de Nossa Senhora das Neves ( today João Pessoa ) at the mouth of the Paraíba do Norte River .", "In the mid-1500s , Portuguese settlers from Pernambuco founded Filipéia de Nossa Senhora das Neves ( today João Pessoa ) at the mouth of ...
[ "The fortress of Santa Catarina , near João Pessoa , was built to protect the city from the Dutch , who soon became a threat to Portuguese supremacy in Brazil .", "The fortress of Santa Catarina , near João Pessoa , was built to protect the city from the Dutch ." ]
[ "A trace of copper gives the tourmalines a vivid turquoise color that had never been seen before in the gems , and is sometimes referred to as `` neon '' .", "Copper in the crystals gives the tourmalines a bright turquoise color that had never been seen before in the gems ." ]
[ "In late 1989 a team led by gemstone prospector Heitor Dimas Barbosa uncovered in a small mountain range what some consider to be the finest tourmaline crystals ever found .", "In late 1989 a team looking for gemstone and led by Heitor Dimas Barbosa found what some people believe are the best Tourmaline crystals ...
[ "The area soon proved perfect for sugar production , with the French , the Dutch and the Portuguese all constantly fighting to control the Paraíba region to grow the lucrative sugarcane in .", "The French , the Dutch and the Portuguese all fought to have the Paraíba region to grow sugarcane in ." ]
[ "During the series , Majors co-starred in the 1968 Charlton Heston film Will Penny , for which he received an `` Introducing '' credit , and landed the lead role in The Ballad of Andy Crocker ( 1969 ) , a made-for-television film which was first broadcast by ABC .", "Major starred in the TV movie The Ballad of An...
[ "Majors got his big break when he beat out over 400 young actors , including Burt Reynolds , for the co-starring role of Heath Barkley in a new ABC western series , The Big Valley , which starred Barbara Stanwyck .", "In 1965 , he got the role of Heath Barkley on the ABC series The Big Valley , with Barbara Stanw...
[ "In 1981 , Majors returned in another long-running television series .", "In 1981 , he returned to television ." ]
[ "In 1970 , Majors joined the cast of The Virginian for its last season .", "In 1970 , he was invited to join the cast of The Virginian , starring James Drury ." ]
[ "At age 25 , Majors landed his first , although uncredited , role in Strait-Jacket ( 1964 ) , which starred Joan Crawford .", "One role was in Strait-Jacket ( 1964 ) , with Joan Crawford ." ]
[ "In 1971 , he landed the role of Arthur Hill 's partner , Jess Brandon , on Owen Marshall : Counselor at Law , which garnered critical acclaim during its three seasons on ABC .", "In 1971 , he played Jess Brandon , assistant attorney , in Owen Marshall : Counselor at Law ." ]
[ "Eukaryotic DNA is divided into several linear bundles called chromosomes , which are separated by a microtubular spindle during nuclear division .", "Eukaryotic DNA is put in bundles called chromosomes , which are separated by a microtubular spindle during cell division ." ]
[ "They also have smaller vacuoles .", "They also have a cytoskeleton ." ]
[ "Simple compartments , called vesicles or vacuoles , can form by budding off other membranes .", "Simple bags , called vesicles or vacuoles , are sometimes made by budding off other membranes , just like how children make bubbles with their toys ." ]
[ "All multicellular organisms are eukaryotes , including animals , plants and fungi .", "Animals , plants , algae and fungi are all eukaryotes ." ]
[ "In most eukaryotes , these protein-carrying vesicles are released and further modified in stacks of flattened vesicles , called Golgi bodies or dictyosomes .", "In most eukaryotes , the vesicles with proteins inside fuse with piles of flattened vesicles called the Golgi bodies , where the proteins inside are cha...
[ "Eukaryotic cells are typically much larger than those of prokaryotes .", "p57 Eukaryotic cells are usually much bigger than prokaryotes ." ]
[ "In higher plants , most of a cell 's volume is taken up by a central vacuole , which primarily maintains its osmotic pressure .", "In the complicated plants , most of the inside of a plant cell is taken up by a central vacuole ." ]
[ "Some protists have various other microtubule-supported organelles .", "The rough ER has ribosomes attached to it ." ]
[ "For instance , lysosomes contain enzymes that break down the contents of food vacuoles , and peroxisomes are used to break down peroxide , which is toxic otherwise .", "For example , lysosomes have enzymes inside them that break down the food the comes from food vacuoles , and peroxisomes have enzymes that break...
[ "Subsequently , they generally enter vesicles , which bud off from the smooth ER .", "After that , they usually go into vesicles , which grow and pinch off from the smooth ER ." ]
[ "The nucleus is surrounded by a double membrane ( commonly referred to as a nuclear envelope ) , with pores that allow material to move in and out .", "The nucleus is surrounded by two membranes membrane that has holes in it so things can go in and out ." ]
[ "It includes the rough ER where ribosomes are attached to synthesize proteins , which enter the interior space or lumen .", "The proteins made by the ribosomes attached to the rough ER go to the inside the rough ER , called the lumen ." ]
[ "Various tube - and sheet-like extensions of the nuclear membrane form what is called the endoplasmic reticulum or ER , which is involved in protein transport and maturation .", "These are called the endoplasmic reticulum which is often shortened to ER ." ]
[ "In the original and simplified sense , commodities were things of value , of uniform quality , that were produced in large quantities by many different producers ; the items from each different producer were considered equivalent .", "In the original and simplified sense , commodities were things of value , of u...
[ "Commodities exchanges include : Markets for trading commodities can be very efficient , particularly if the division into pools matches demand segments .", "Markets for trading commodities can be very efficient , particularly if the division into pools matches demand segments ." ]
[ "These markets will quickly respond to changes in supply and demand to find an equilibrium price and quantity .", "These markets will quickly respond to changes in supply and demand to find a price ." ]
[ "The climax abruptly changes to a funeral march .", "Then suddenly there is a funeral march ." ]
[ "After a moment of silence , the `` once upon a time '' theme heard at the beginning returns , suggesting that someone like Till can never be destroyed , and the work ends with one last quotation of the musical joke .", "There is a short silence , then the music returns to the opening ` Once upon a Time ' theme ,...
[ "In 1997 , Figueroa became a member of the Senior Executive Service of the U.S. Federal Government .", "In 1997 , Figueroa was a member of the Senior Executive Service of the U.S. Federal Government ." ]
[ "As Director of Mars Exploration , Figueroa led a team of hundreds of scientists , engineers and program specialists in one of the Agency 's most ambitious projects to determine if life ever existed on Mars .", "As Director of Mars Exploration , Figueroa led a team of hundreds of scientists , engineers and progra...
[ "In 1982 , Figueroa was hired by NASA and was named Head of the Cryogenics Technology Section at the Goddard Space Flight Center located in Maryland .", "In 1982 , Figueroa was hired by NASA and was named Head of the Cryogenics Technology Section at the Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland ." ]
[ "On September 2003 , he was appointed to the position of Director for the Solar Systems Division in the Space Science at NASA Headquarters and he also held the position of Director for Mars Exploration .", "On September 2003 , he was the Director for the Solar Systems Division in the Space Science at NASA Headqua...
[ "Among the other positions that Figueroa has held are , Lead Cyogenic Engineer for the Cryogenic Optical Assembly of the Cosmic Background Explorer , Manager for the Superfluid Helium On Orbit Transfer Shuttle Experiment , Manager for the Small Explorer Project , Manager for the Explorer Program and Director of the...
[ "In January 2010 , he accepted the position of Deputy Center Director for Science and Technology of Goddard Space Flight Center .", "In January 2010 , he became Deputy Center Director for Science and Technology of Goddard Space Flight Center ." ]
[ "In October 2005 , Figueroa was named Director of Applied Engineering and Technology at Goddard , as such he is responsible for 1,300 employees and provides guidance on engineering and system technology .", "In October 2005 , Figueroa was named Director of Applied Engineering and Technology at Goddard ." ]
[ "Figueroa was born in San Juan , Puerto Rico .", "Orlando Figueroa ( b. September 9 , 1955 ) was born in San Juan , Puerto Rico ." ]
[ "The launching of two rovers within days of each other had never been done before , and it was accomplished in three years , from conception to launch , in the wake of mission failures from Mars ' 98 .", "The launching of two rovers within days of each other had never been done before , and it was accomplished in...
[ "In August 2005 Mr. Figueroa was appointed to the position of Director for System Safety and Mission Assurance at the Goddard Space Flight Center .", "In August 2005 , Figueroa was the Director for System Safety and Mission Assurance at the Goddard Space Flight Center ." ]
[ "Figueroa enrolled in the University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez and in 1978 , he earned his Bachelors Degree in Mechanical Engineering .", "After high school Figueroa attended the University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez and in 1978 , he earned his Bachelors Degree in Mechanical Engineering ." ]
[ "During his elementary school years , he would occupy most of his time building things and looking for solutions to problems .", "When he was in elementary school , he spent most of his time building things and looking for solutions to problems ." ]
[ "As a child he always had an interest in learning how mechanical toys functioned .", "When he was a child he loved to learn how mechanical toys worked ." ]
[ "Upon his graduation , he continued his studies and completed advanced courses in Mechanical Engineering at the University of Maryland , College Park .", "While at school in Puerto Rico he took a few advanced courses in Mechanical Engineering at the University of Maryland , College Park ." ]
[ "The concept was first introduced by Ernst Haeckel in 1875 .", "It is a key concept in developmental biology and evolution , introduced by Ernst Haeckel in 1875 ." ]
[ "There are two main components , namely ( i ) the onset and offset of a particular process , and ( ii ) the rate at which the process operates .", "The main components are the time a process starts and stops in development , and the rate at which the process works ." ]
[ "He was traded to Green Bay on February 10 , 1992 , for the 19th pick in the 1992 NFL Draft .", "On February 10 , 1992 , after a season with the Falcons , he was traded to the Green Bay Packers on for the 19th pick in the 1992 NFL Draft ." ]
[ "Favre was drafted by the Atlanta Falcons in the second round , 33rd overall in the 1991 NFL Draft .", "Favre was chosen in the second round of the 1991 NFL Draft by the Atlanta Falcons ." ]
[ "Favre started at the quarterback position for the University of Southern Mississippi for four years before being selected in the second round of the 1991 NFL Draft by Atlanta ( 33rd overall ) .", "Favre started at the quarterback position for The University of Southern Mississippi for four solid years ." ]
[ "For the 2005 season , the Packers , despite throwing for over 3,000 yards for a record 14th consecutive time , Favre had a below average season with only 20 touchdown passes and a league-leading 29 interceptions .", "Favre ended the season with 22 touchdown passes and 22 interceptions ." ]
[ "There are three main categories into which the hearing of talking voices can often fall : a person hearing a voice speak one 's thoughts , a person hearing one or more voices arguing , or a person hearing a voice narrating his\\/her own actions .", "There are three main ways in which the hallucination may form :...
[ "This may be associated with psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia or mania , and holds special significance in diagnosing these conditions .", "This can be a sign of some psychotic disorders , such as schizophrenia or mania ." ]
[ "A common form of auditory hallucination involves hearing one or more talking voices .", "A common form involves hearing one or more voices talking ." ]
[ "These three categories do not account for all types of auditory hallucinations .", "There can be other types of auditory hallucinations besides these three ." ]
[ "However , individuals may hear voices without suffering from diagnosable mental illness .", "People may hear voices without suffering from any specific mental illness ." ]
[ "Other reasons include hearing loss and epileptic activity .", "This is usually caused by damage to the brain , hearing loss or epileptic activity ." ]
[ "In the latter , people will hear music playing in their mind , usually songs they are familiar with .", "These include hearing music playing inside the mind , usually songs that the person is familiar with ." ]
[ "Blue is the color of the clear sky and the deep sea .", "Blue is the color of the Earth 's sky and sea ." ]
[ "Pure blue , in the middle , has a wavelength of 470 nanometres .", "It has the shortest wavelength of these colors ( about 470 nanometers ) ." ]
[ "The aircraft had missed its first attempt at landing ; it either crashed during a go-around , or while attempting to return to Tehran .", "The aircraft had missed its first try at landing , and it either crashed during a go-around , or while trying to return to Tehran ." ]
[ "The Iran Civil Aviation Organization stated the day after the crash that a total of 93 passengers and 12 crew were on board , according to the manifest of the flight .", "The Iran Civil Aviation Organization said the day after the crash that a total of 93 passengers and 12 crew were on board ." ]
[ "A local official stated that '' ( the ) problem at the moment for rescue work is the heavy snow , '' which he said was around 70 cm ( 28 in ) deep at the site of the crash .", "A local official said that '' ( the ) problem at the moment for rescue work is the heavy snow , '' which he said was around 70 cm ( 28 i...
[ "RIA Novosti reported 95 passengers were on the aircraft , Reuters reported 156 passengers , and the Associated Press claimed 105 passengers .", "The number of people on board was not known ; RIA Novosti said that 95 passengers were on the plane , but Reuters said there were 156 passengers and the Associated Pres...
[ "Iran Air Flight 277 was a passenger flight which crashed near Urmia Airport , West Azerbaijan Province , Iran , on January 9 , 2011 .", "Iran Air Flight 277 was a passenger plane which , on January 9 , 2011 , crashed while trying to land in bad weather at Urmia Airport , West Azarbaijan province , Iran ." ]
[ "At least 77 people were killed and 26 were injured .", "At least 77 people were killed and 26 were hurt ." ]
[ "In the aftermath of the crash , 36 ambulances and 11 hospitals were utilized in the rescue operations .", "After the crash , 36 ambulances and 11 hospitals were used in the rescue ." ]
[ "The accident occurred at around 19:45 local time ( 16:15 UTC ) , and was reportedly caused by poor weather .", "The crash happened at around 19:45 local time ( 16:15 UTC ) , and was thought to be caused by bad weather ." ]
[ "The flight was traveling between Tehran and Urmia and crashed on final approach near Urmia Airport .", "The flight was going between Tehran and Urmia ." ]
[ "There were differing initial reports as to the type of aircraft that crashed , with either a Fokker 100 or a Boeing 727 claimed to have crashed , although the aircraft was later confirmed to be a Boeing 727 .", "Either a Fokker 100 or a Boeing 727 was thought to have crashed , but it was later made clear that th...
[ "Later reports put the total at either 105 or 106 people on board , with between 10 and 12 crew and either 95 or 94 passengers .", "Between 10 and 12 were crew and either 95 or 94 were passengers ." ]
[ "The weather conditions at the time of the accident included snow and low visibility .", "The weather at the time of the accident included snow and it was hard to see ." ]
[ "Upon impact , the aircraft broke into multiple pieces , though without fire or explosions .", "When it crashed , the plane broke into more than one piece , but there was no fire or explosion ." ]
[ "The aircraft had spent a long time out of service .", "The aircraft spent a long time out of service , and was in Baghdad , Iraq from 1984-90 , and then stored from 1991-2002 ." ]
[ "On the vinyl record version of the album , side A holds songs 1-8 while side B holds songs 9-13 , further highlighting the stylistic split in the album .", "On the vinyl record version of the album , side A holds songs 1-8 while side B holds songs 9-13 , further showing the split in the album ." ]
[ "The album is split in two stylistically , with tracks 1 through 7 featuring electronic instruments such as synthesizers and drum machines and tracks 9 through 13 using traditional instruments such as the accordion and organ .", "The album is split in two , with tracks 1 through 7 being played by electronic instr...
[ "A Fever You Ca n't Sweat Out is the debut studio album by American rock band Panic !", "A Fever You Ca n't Sweat Out is the first album made by the rock band , Panic at the Disco ." ]
[ "Track 8 ( Intermission ) serves as a link between the two halves , beginning with techno-style dance beats before switching to the piano interlude .", "Track 8 ( Intermission ) acts as a link between the two parts , starting with techno-style dance beats before switching to the piano ." ]
[ "Studios in College Park , Maryland with producer Matt Squire , the album was released September 27 , 2005 on Decaydance and Fueled by Ramen .", "It was released on September 27 , 2005 by Fueled by Ramen ." ]