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[ "The Michelson interferometer is the most common configuration for optical interferometry and was invented by Albert Abraham Michelson .", "The Michelson interferometer is the tool used for optical interferometry ." ]
[ "The show then features cast members opening panels in a psychedelically-painted `` joke wall '' and telling jokes .", "Regular features were `` the Party '' , where performers told one-liners about current issues in a party setting , `` Laugh-In Looks at the News '' , a mock news broadcast , and the `` Joke Wall...
[ "Contiki is an open source operating system for networked , memory-constrained systems with a particular focus on low-power wireless Internet of Things devices .", "Contiki is a small , open source free operating system ." ]
[ "A full installation of Contiki includes the following features : The Contiki operating system has been or is being ported to the following systems :", "A full installation of Contiki includes the following features : More applications planned include : The Contiki operating system has been or is being ported to ...
[ "A full system , complete with a graphical user interface , needs about 30 kilobytes of RAM .", "It has a Graphical User Interface and the full installation needs about 30 kilobytes of RAM ." ]
[ "This class of systems includes both various types of embedded systems as well as a number of old 8-bit computers .", "It was developed to be used in 8-bit computers and embedded systems ." ]
[ "An insectivore is a carnivore that eats insects .", "An Anteater is an animal that eats ants ." ]
[ "They are known as the ` bird-hipped ' dinosaurs because of their bird-like hip structure , even though birds actually belong to the ` lizard-hipped ' dinosaurs ( the saurischians ) .", "They are known as the ` bird-hipped ' dinosaurs because of their hip structure ." ]
[ "Ornithischia ( \\ / ɔrnɨˈθɪskiə \\ / or-ni-THISS-kee-ə ) or Predentata is an extinct order of beaked , herbivorous dinosaurs .", "Ornithischia is an order of beaked , herbivorous dinosaurs ." ]
[ "Upon signing , Özil said , `` When the offer came in to join Real Madrid , there is no decision to make .", "After signing , Özil said , `` When the offer came in to join Real Madrid , there is no decision to make ." ]
[ "On 31 January 2008 , Özil moved to Werder Bremen for a reported fee of $ 4.3 million , signing a contract with the German club until 30 June 2011 .", "In 2008 , Mesut Özil moved to Werder Bremen for a reported amount of $ 4.3 million , signing a contract with the German club until June 30 , 2011 ." ]
[ "In 2005 , Özil moved to the youth department of FC Schalke 04 .", "In 2005 , he went to the youth department of FC Schalke 04 ." ]
[ "He also excelled in Europe where he led Werder Bremen to the final of the last ever UEFA Cup , losing out to Shakhtar Donetsk of Ukraine .", "He helped the team make it to the UEFA Cup , but lost to Shakhtar Donetsk ." ]
[ "The transfer fee is believed to have been in the region of $ 15 million .", "The transfer amount was believed to be near $ 15 million ." ]
[ "Özil was on the short-list of the FIFA Ballon d'Or award .", "Mesut Özil performed many assists , and in the 2011-12 season he was nominated for the FIFA Ballon d'Or award ." ]
[ "Özil began his youth career playing for various clubs in Gelsenkirchen and then played five years for Rot-Weiss Essen .", "Mesut Özil began his career with Gelsenkirchen then Rot-Weiss Essen ." ]
[ "Özil is acclaimed for his finesse and improvisation as an attacking midfielder .", "Özil is often praised for his skill at being an attacking midfielder ." ]
[ "In 2012 , he ranked first in assists in La Liga with 17 .", "In 2011 , he made the second most assists in the La Liga with 17 and the most assists in major European competitions with 25 ." ]
[ "Two months later , the King of Iron Fist Tournament 5 is announced .", "A few months later , the King of Iron Fist Tournament 5 is announced ." ]
[ "Heihachi , while managing to survive , is rendered in a coma , and the following day , Heihachi 's supposed death is declared all over the world with everyone foreseeing the end of the Mishima Zaibatsu .", "After hearing of Heihachi 's death , people though that it would bring the end of the Mishima Zaibatsu ." ...
[ "McElroy presided over a number of events and honored former First Ladies Julia Tyler and Harriet Lane , James Buchanan 's niece and social hostess , by asking them to help her receive guests at the White House .", "McElroy presided over a number of events and honored former First Ladies Julia Gardiner Tyler and ...
[ "She died at the age of 75 in Albany , New York and was buried at Albany Rural Cemetery .", "She died on January 8 , 1917 at the age of 75 in Albany , New York ." ]
[ "They lived in Albany , New York and had four children .", "When her brother retired as the President , Mary went to live in Albany , New York ." ]
[ "She was the last of nine children .", "Her parents had nine children , Mary being the last ." ]
[ "Théodore Chassériau , a French painter , was born in El Limón in 1819 .", "Théodore Chassériau , a French painter , was born in El Limón on 1819 ." ]
[ "Coordinates : 19 ° 17 ′ 32 ″ N 69 ° 25 ′ 51 ″ W \\ / 19.292288 ° N 69.430820 ° W \\ / 19.292288 ; -69.430820 El Limón ( in English , The Lemon ) is a municipal district of Santa Bárbara de Samaná , Samaná province , Dominican Republic .", "El Limón ( in English , The Lemon ) is a Municipal district of Santa Bárb...
[ "Roads often have a designated footpath for pedestrian traffic , called the sidewalk in American English , the pavement in British English , and the footpath in Australian and New Zealand English .", "Nowadays , roads often have a designated footpath attached especially for pedestrian traffic , called the sidewal...
[ "In modern times , the term usually refers to someone walking on a road or sidewalk , but this was not the case historically .", "In modern times , the term mostly refers to someone walking on a road or footpath , but this was not the case historically ." ]
[ "They walked across Asia to reach the Americas , and from Central Asia into Europe .", "We walked across Asia to reach the Americas ." ]
[ "There are also footpaths not associated with a road ; these include urban short cuts and also rural paths used mainly by ramblers , hikers , or hill-walkers .", "There are also footpaths not associated with a road which are used only by pedestrians , especially ramblers , hikers or hill-walkers and there are roa...
[ "Efforts are under way by pedestrian advocacy groups to restore pedestrian access to new developments , especially to counteract newer developments , 20 % to 30 % of which in the United States do not include footpaths .", "Efforts are underway by pedestrian advocacy groups to make it easy to be a pedestrian in ne...
[ "As of 18 October 2007 , the Court had field offices in Kampala , Kinshasa , Bunia , Abéché and Bangui .", "It has smaller offices in New York City , Kampala , Kinshasa , Bunia , Abéché and Bangui ." ]
[ "The Assembly elects the judges and prosecutors , decides the Court 's budget , adopts important texts ( such as the Rules of Procedure and Evidence ) , and provides management oversight to the other organs of the Court .", "The Assembly elects the judges and the prosecutor ." ]
[ "The ICC is intended as a court of last resort , investigating and prosecuting only where national courts have failed .", "If a national court is investigating or prosecuting a case , the ICC is not allowed to ." ]
[ "The government provided them with land and resources with which they created a dairy and cheese factory , named Productos Sosúa still in existence today .", "Here they created a dairy and cheese factory named `` Productos Sosúa '' that is still working ." ]
[ "Sosúa is a small town in the Puerto Plata province of the Dominican Republic .", "Sosúa is a Dominican municipality in the Puerto Plata province , on the north coast of the country ." ]
[ "He concluded : Among the best-known figures ( on the Democratic side ) were : Andrew Jackson , Martin Van Buren , John C. Calhoun , James K. Polk , Lewis Cass , and Stephen Douglas .", "Some famous democrats were : Andrew Jackson , Martin Van Buren , John C. Calhoun , James K. Polk , Lewis Cass , and Stephen Dou...
[ "On the Whig side , Henry Clay , Daniel Webster , William H. Seward , and Thurlow Weed .", "Some famous Whigs were : Henry Clay , Daniel Webster , William H. Seward , and Thurlow Weed ." ]
[ "Jackson not only rewarded past supporters ; he promised future jobs if local and state politicians joined his team .", "He rewarded his supporters and promised future jobs if local and state politicians joined his team ." ]
[ "At the end of his term , Jackson had only dismissed less than twenty percent of the original civil service .", "In total , Jackson dismissed less than twenty percent ( 20 % ) of the original civil service ." ]
[ "Each candidate ( Henry Clay , William Crawford , Andrew Jackson , and John Quincy Adams ) , all of whom were nominally Democratic Republicans , had a regional base of support involving factions in the various states .", "There were four main candidates for president : Henry Clay , William Crawford , Andrew Jacks...
[ "John Quincy Adams , son of former President John Adams , was elected , and he immediately chose Clay as Secretary of State .", "Instead , John Quincy Adams was elected president ." ]
[ "The major parties were the Democratic Party , led by Andrew Jackson , and the Whig Party , assembled by Henry Clay from the National Republicans and other opponents of Jackson .", "One was the Democratic Party , led by Andrew Jackson ." ]
[ "Minor parties included the Anti-Masonic Party , which was an important innovator from 1827 to 1834 ; the abolitionist Liberty Party in 1840 ; and the anti-slavery Free Soil Party in 1848 and 1852 .", "The United States Free Soil Party in 1848 and 1852 was another anti-slavery party ." ]
[ "Jackson loudly denounced this `` corrupt bargain . ''", "Jackson loudly declared this to be a `` corrupt bargain . ''" ]
[ "While Jackson did not start the spoils system , he did encourage its growth and it became a central feature of the Second Party System , as well as the Third Party System , until it ended in the 1890s .", "The spoils system was ended in the 1890s ." ]
[ "Jackson meanwhile became even more popular with the subsistence farmers and day laborers who distrusted bankers and finance .", "Jackson became more popular with subsistence farmers ( farmers who grow crops to eat , but not to sell ) and day laborers ." ]
[ "Martin Van Buren , brilliant leader of New York politics , was Jackson 's key aide , bringing along the large electoral votes of Virginia and Pennsylvania .", "Martin Van Buren , a brilliant leader in New York politics , was Jackson 's most important supporter ." ]
[ "Jackson , despite having won the most popular votes and the most electoral votes , was not elected .", "Jackson had the most popular votes ( votes cast by citizens ) and the most electoral votes ( votes cast by the electoral college ) , but was not elected ." ]
[ "Jackson did not like any banks ( paper money was anathema to Jackson ; he believed only gold and silver ( `` specie '' ) should circulate . )", "Jackson did not like any banks , and he did not believe in paper money ." ]
[ "Most businessmen and bankers ( but not all ) went over to the Whig party , and the commercial and industrial cities became Whig strongholds .", "This made most businessmen and bankers join the Whig party ." ]
[ "The Adams-Clay wing of the Democratic-Republican Party became known as the National Republicans , although Adams never considered himself a loyal member of the party .", "Adams , Clay , and their supporters in the Democratic-Republican Party became known as the National Republicans ." ]
[ "Jackson systematically used the federal patronage system , what was called the Spoils System .", "Jackson used the spoils system a lot when he was president ." ]
[ "He believed that rotation in office would prevent the development of a corrupt civil service .", "He believed that this would keep the civil service from becoming corrupt ." ]
[ "His Specie Circular of July 1836 rejected paper money issued by banks ( it could no longer be used to buy federal land ) , insisting on gold and silver coins .", "He issued his Specie Circular in July 1836 ." ]
[ "The 1824 presidential election operated without political parties and came down to a four-man race .", "The U.S. presidential election in 1824 did not have any political parties ." ]
[ "In 1920 , a Bund Deutscher Tabakgegner in der Tschechoslowakei ( Federation of German Tobacco Opponents in Czechoslovakia ) was formed in Prague , after Czechoslovakia was separated from Austria at the end of World War I . A Bund Deutscher Tabakgegner in Deutschösterreich ( Federation of German Tobacco Opponents i...
[ "An article published in a German gynecology journal in 1943 stated that women smoking three or more cigarettes per day were more likely to remain childless compared to nonsmoking women .", "An article published in a German gynaecology journal in 1943 stated that women smoking three or more cigarettes per day wer...
[ "The anti-tobacco organizations were also against consumption of alcohol .", "The anti-tobacco organizations were also against drinking of alcohol ." ]
[ "Critics of smoking organized the first anti-tobacco group in the country named the Deutscher Tabakgegnerverein zum Schutze der Nichtraucher ( German Tobacco Opponents ' Association for the Protection of Non-smokers ) .", "People who disliked smoking formed the first anti-tobacco group in the country named the De...
[ "The Nazi reproductive policies were a significant factor behind their anti-tobacco campaign .", "The Nazi reproductive policies were an important factor behind their anti-tobacco campaign ." ]
[ "Martin Staemmler , a prominent physician during the Third Reich , opined that smoking by pregnant women resulted in a higher rate of stillbirths and miscarriages .", "Martin Staemmler , an important doctor during the Third Reich , said that smoking by pregnant women resulted in a higher rate of stillbirths and m...
[ "Werner Huttig of the Nazi Party 's Rassenpolitisches Amt ( Office of Racial Politics ) said that a smoking mother 's breast milk contained nicotine , a claim that modern research has proven correct .", "Werner Huttig of the Nazi Party 's Rassenpolitisches Amt ( Office of Racial Politics ) claimed smoking mothers...
[ "Hitler disapproved of the military personnel 's freedom to smoke , and during World War II he said on 2 March 1942 , `` it was a mistake , traceable to the army leadership at the time , at the beginning of the war '' .", "Hitler disapproved of the military personnel 's freedom to smoke , and during World War II ...
[ "Deutscher Tabakgegner ( German Tobacco Opponent ) was published in Dresden from 1919 to 1935 , and was the second journal on this subject .", "The Deutsche Tabakgegner ( German Tobacco Opponents ) was published in Dresden from 1919 to 1935 , and was the second journal on this issue ." ]
[ "It was the most powerful anti-smoking movement in the world during the 1930s and early 1940s .", "It was the most powerful anti-smoking movement in the world in the 1930s and early 1940s ." ]
[ "This opinion was also supported by well-known female racial hygienist Agnes Bluhm , whose book published in 1936 expressed the same view .", "This was supported by well-known female racial hygienist Agnes Bluhm , in her book published in 1936 ." ]
[ "The Nazi anti-tobacco campaign included banning smoking in trams , buses and city trains , promoting health education , limiting cigarette rations in the Wehrmacht , organizing medical lectures for soldiers , and raising the tobacco tax .", "The Nazi anti-tobacco campaign used many methods like restrictions on s...
[ "After German doctors became the first to identify the link between smoking and lung cancer , Nazi Germany initiated a strong anti-tobacco movement and led the first public anti-smoking campaign in modern history .", "Nazi Germany started a strong anti-tobacco movement and led the first public anti-smoking campai...
[ "Research on smoking and its effects on health thrived under Nazi rule and was the most important of its type at that time .", "Research on smoking and its effects on health got better under Nazi rule and was the most important of its type at that time ." ]
[ "Hitler is often considered to be the first national leader to advocate nonsmoking , however James I and VI of Great Britain was openly against smoking 330 years prior .", "Hitler is often considered to be the first national leader to advocate nonsmoking ." ]
[ "The Nazi leadership was concerned over this because they wanted German women to be as reproductive as possible .", "The Nazi leadership was concerned over this because they wanted German women to give birth ." ]
[ "Women who smoked were considered to be vulnerable to premature aging and loss of physical attractiveness ; they were viewed as unsuitable to be wives and mothers in a German family .", "Women who smoked were considered to be more likely to age prematurely , and lose physical attractiveness ; they were viewed as ...
[ "Anti-tobacco sentiment existed in Germany in the early 20th century .", "Anti-tobacco thoughts existed in Germany in the early 1900s ." ]
[ "In later years , Hitler viewed smoking as `` decadent '' and `` the wrath of the Red Man against the White Man , vengeance for having been given hard liquor '' , lamenting that `` so many excellent men have been lost to tobacco poisoning '' .", "In later years , Hitler viewed smoking as `` decadent '' ( meaning ...
[ "Adolf Hitler was a heavy smoker in his early life-he used to smoke 25 to 40 cigarettes daily-but gave up the habit , concluding that it was a waste of money .", "Adolf Hitler was a heavy smoker in his early life , smoking 25 to 40 cigarettes daily ." ]
[ "The anti-tobacco movement did not have much effect in the early years of the Nazi regime and tobacco use increased between 1933 and 1939 , but smoking by military personnel declined from 1939 to 1945 .", "But smoking by military personnel declined from 1939 to 1945 ." ]
[ "However , Hitler 's personal distaste for tobacco was only one of several catalysts behind the anti-smoking campaign .", "However , Hitler 's dislike for tobacco was only one of several reasons behind the anti-smoking campaign ." ]
[ "Adolf Hitler 's personal distaste for tobacco and the Nazi reproductive policies were among the motivating factors behind their campaign against smoking , and this campaign was associated with both antisemitism and racism .", "Adolf Hitler did not like tobacco and the Nazi reproductive policies were among the ca...
[ "Anti-tobacco movements grew in many nations from the beginning of the 20th century , but these had little success , except in Germany , where the campaign was supported by the government after the Nazis came to power .", "The only exception was Germany where it was supported by the government after the Nazis cam...
[ "He was angered when a statue portraying a cigar-smoking Göring was commissioned .", "He was angered when a statue of Göring showed a cigar in his mouth ." ]
[ "The song reached the top of the Billboard Hot 100 charts in the United States in 1963 , and remains to date the only Japanese-language song ever to have done so .", "The song peaked on the Billboard Hot 100 charts in the United States in 1963 , and was the only Japanese-language song to do so ." ]
[ "In 1816 Tsar Alexander I permitted the Polish authorities to create a university , comprising five departments : Law and Administration , Medicine , Philosophy , Theology , and Art and Humanities .", "In 1816 Alexander I had permitted the Polish authorities to create a university , composed from five faculties :...
[ "The University of Warsaw ( Polish : Uniwersytet Warszawski ) is the largest university in Poland , established in 1816 .", "The University of Warsaw ( Polish Uniwersytet Warszawski ) is the largest university in Poland ." ]
[ "After most of the students and professors took part in the November 1830 Uprising the university was closed down .", "However , after students and professors took part in the November Uprising of 1830 , the university was closed by the Russians ." ]
[ "She returned to Philadelphia to attend the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts and the Pennsylvania Museum of Industrial Art .", "She went to school at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts and the Pennsylvania Museum of Industrial Art ." ]
[ "Katherine Milhous ( 1894-1977 ) was an American artist , illustrator , and writer .", "Katherine Milhous ( November 27 , 1894 - December 5 , 1977 ) was an American artist , illustrator and author ." ]
[ "She died in Philadelphia on December 5 , 1977 .", "She died in Philadelphia in the year 1977 ." ]
[ "Katherine Milhous was born November 27 , 1894 , to Osborn and Katherine Daly Milhous of Philadelphia , Quakers who made their living as printers .", "Katherine Milhous was born November 27 , 1894 in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania ." ]
[ "When she was young they moved to Pitman , New Jersey , a small camp-meeting town .", "The family moved to Pitman , New Jersey when Milhous was a little girl ." ]
[ "She is known best as the author and illustrator of The Egg Tree , which won the 1951 Caldecott Medal for U.S. picture book illustration .", "The book won the Caldecott Medal in the year 1951 for best illustrations ." ]
[ "Her papers are held in the University of Minnesota Children 's Literature Research Collection and the Free Library of Philadelphia .", "The University of Minnesota and the Free Library of Philadelphia own her archives ." ]
[ "They are mostly found in low-density regions and are rare in the centers of galaxy clusters .", "They are mostly found in low-density parts of the universe , and are rare in the centers of galaxy clusters ." ]
[ "Our own Milky Way has recently ( in the 1990s ) been confirmed to be a barred spiral , although the bar itself is difficult to observe from our position within the Galactic disk .", "Our own Milky Way has recently ( in the 1990s ) been confirmed to be a barred spiral galaxy , although the bar itself is difficult...
[ "A spiral galaxy is a certain kind of galaxy originally described by Edwin Hubble in his 1936 work The Realm of the Nebulae and , as such , forms part of the Hubble sequence .", "The spiral galaxy as a type was first described by Edwin Hubble in his 1936 work The Realm of the Nebulae ." ]
[ "Together with irregular galaxies , spiral galaxies make up approximately 60 % of galaxies in the local Universe .", "About 60 % of galaxies in the universe near us ( the ` local universe ' ) are spiral and irregular galaxies ." ]
[ "Naturally , different classifications of spiral galaxies have distinct arm-structures .", "Multiple-arm spiral galaxies have more arms ." ]
[ "Spiral galaxies are named for the spiral structures that extend from the center into the disk .", "Grand-design spiral galaxies have two well-shaped arms ." ]
[ "Spiral arms are regions of stars that extend from the center of spiral and barred spiral galaxies .", "The barred spiral galaxy is an important and common type of spiral galaxy ." ]
[ "The spiral arms are sites of ongoing star formation and are brighter than the surrounding disk because of the young , hot OB stars that inhabit them .", "The spiral arms are where young , hot stars are made , which is why they are brighter than the center of the galaxy ." ]