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[ "Sodium Selenate is also used as a decolorizing agent in glass production .", "Sodium selenate is used as a mineral supplement ." ]
[ "The atomic bombings of the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan were conducted by the United States during the final stages of World War II in August 1945 .", "The atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were nuclear attacks on the Empire of Japan during World War II ( WWII ) ." ]
[ "A uranium gun-type atomic bomb ( Little Boy ) was dropped on Hiroshima on August 6 , 1945 , followed by a plutonium implosion-type bomb ( Fat Man ) on the city of Nagasaki on August 9 .", "Two nuclear bombs were dropped , one on the city of Hiroshima and one on the city of Nagasaki ." ]
[ "On September 2 , it signed the instrument of surrender , ending World War II .", "Japan signed the surrender paper on September 2 ." ]
[ "On August 15 , just days after the bombing of Nagasaki and the Soviet Union 's declaration of war , Japan announced its surrender to the Allies .", "Six days after the explosion over Nagasaki , on August 15 , Japan announced that it was surrendering to the Allied Powers ." ]
[ "Marconi is often credited as the inventor of radio , and he shared the 1909 Nobel Prize in Physics with Karl Ferdinand Braun `` in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy '' .", "Marconi is often named as the inventor of radio , and he shared the 1909 Nobel Prize in Physics w...
[ "An entrepreneur , businessman , and founder in Britain in 1897 of The Wireless Telegraph & Signal Company ( which became the Marconi Company ) , Marconi succeeded in making a commercial success of radio by innovating and building on the work of previous experimenters and physicists .", "As an entrepreneur , busi...
[ "Guglielmo Marconi , 1st Marquis of Marconi ( Italian : ( ɡuʎˈʎɛːlmo maɾˈkoːni ) ; 25 April 1874 - 20 July 1937 ) was an Italian inventor and electrical engineer , known for his pioneering work on long-distance radio transmission and for his development of Marconi 's law and a radio telegraph system .", "Guglielm...
[ "In 1924 the King of Italy ennobled Marconi as a Marchese ( marquis ) .", "In 1924 , he was ennobled as Marchese Marconi ." ]
[ "Maren was born in Boston in 1920 .", "Maren was born on January 24 , 1920 in Boston , Massachusetts ." ]
[ "It became mentally tough for me because nobody talked about my 99 hundreds . ''", "It became mentally tough for me because nobody talked about my 99 hundreds ." ]
[ "It generally excludes the PRC Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau .", "The term also excludes Hong Kong and Macau ." ]
[ "Its name is derived from the nickname for New York , the Empire State .", "It is named after the popular nickname for New York , The Empire State ." ]
[ "It stood as the world 's tallest building for nearly 40 years , from its completion in early 1931 until the topping out of the World Trade Center 's North Tower in late 1970 .", "For forty-one years it was the tallest building in the world ." ]
[ "After the war , whilst working , he completed his secondary education through self-study , and entered the University of Malaya ( then in Singapore ) where he graduated in 1954 with a Diploma in Social Studies ( Distinction ) .", "After the war , while working , he completed his secondary education through self-...
[ "On 12 July 2005 , Nathan announced that he was seeking re-election as President .", "On 12 July 2005 Nathan announced that he was seeking re-election as President ." ]
[ "His nomination was strongly supported by Lee Kuan Yew .", "His nomination was strongly supported by Minister Mentor Lee Kuan Yew ( then holding the post of Senior Minister ) ." ]
[ "He succeeded the fifth President of Singapore , Ong Teng Cheong , and was sworn in on 1 September 1999 .", "He succeeded the 5th President of Singapore Ong Teng Cheong and was sworn in on September 1 , 1999 ." ]
[ "Nathan is a Singaporean of Tamil and Viswakarma descent ; his childhood was spent with his two older brothers and grandparents , V. Sellapan and Apiram , in Muar , Johor , in a house overlooking the sea .", "Nathan is an Indian Singaporean ; his childhood was spent with his three older sisters and parents , V. S...
[ "Usually referred to as S. R. Nathan , he was first sworn in on 1 September 1999 .", "Often referred to as S. R. Nathan , he became president on September 1 , 1999 ." ]
[ "He received his primary education in Anglo-Chinese Primary School and Rangoon Road Afternoon School , and his secondary education at Victoria School .", "By then the young Nathan had returned to where he was born , Singapore , to live with an uncle , and received his early education in several Anglo-Chinese Scho...
[ "He submitted an eligibility application to the Presidential Elections Committee ; by 6 August 2005 , three more people had also submitted forms .", "He applied to the Presidential Elections Committee ; by 6 August 2005 three more people had also submitted forms , but on 13 August the Committee said that the othe...
[ "His 12-year term ended on 31 August 2011 .", "His term ends on 31 August 2011 , after which a new President must be elected ." ]
[ "Even in a homozygous dominant or recessive female the condition may not be expressed fully .", "Even in a homozygous female the condition may not be expressed fully ." ]
[ "Examples : female sterility in Drosophila ; and many polymorphic characters in insects , especially in relation to mimicry .", "Examples : female sterility in Drosophila ; and polymorphism in insects , especially in relation to mimicry ." ]
[ "Each son born to a carrier mother has a 50 % probability of inheriting the X-chromosome carrying the mutant allele .", "However , if the mutant allele is carried by a male , the condition will develop , because his X chromosome has the mutant allele , but his Y chromosome has no allele at that locus ." ]
[ "For example , an X-linked recessive allele in humans causes hemophilia .", "They are caused by recessive alleles , and usually do not show the condition in females ." ]
[ "Five thousand copies were made available to the public in October and the single `` Bigger Stronger '' , received BBC Radio 1 airplay .", "Five thousand copies were made available to the public in October , and the single `` Bigger Stronger '' , received BBC Radio 1 airplay ." ]
[ "Some of their new material , including `` In My Place '' and `` Animals '' , was played live while the band was still touring Parachutes .", "Some of their new material , including `` In My Place '' and `` Animals '' , was played live while the band were still touring Parachutes ." ]
[ "At the 51st Grammy Awards in the same year , Coldplay won three Grammy Awards in the categories for Song of Year for `` Viva la Vida '' , Best Rock Album for Viva la Vida or Death and All His Friends , and Best Vocal Pop Performance by a Duo or Group for `` Viva la Vida '' .", "At the 51st Grammy Awards in Febru...
[ "The pair spent the rest of the university year planning a band , ultimately forming a group called Pectoralz .", "The pair spent the rest of the college year planning a band , ultimately forming a group called Pectoralz ." ]
[ "Champion had grown up playing piano , guitar , bass , and tin whistle ; he quickly learned the drums ( despite having no previous experience ) .", "Champion had grown up playing piano , guitar , bass , and tin whistle ; he quickly learned the drums , despite having no previous experience ." ]
[ "Coldplay began their Viva la Vida Tour in June , with a free concert at Brixton Academy in London .", "In June , Coldplay began their Viva la Vida Tour with a free concert at Brixton Academy in London ." ]
[ "Coldplay were nominated for four BRIT Awards in 2009 : British Group , British Live Act , British Single ( `` Viva la Vida '' ) and British Album ( Viva la Vida or Death and All His Friends ) .", "In 2009 , Coldplay was nominated for four BRIT Awards : British Group , British Live Act , British Single ( `` Viva ...
[ "The album has been made available on various formats since its initial release ; both Parlophone and Nettwerk released it as a CD in 2000 , and it was also released as a cassette by new US label Capitol in 2001 .", "The album has been made available on various formats since its initial release ; both Parlophone ...
[ "LeftRightLeftRightLeft , released on 15 May 2009 , was to be given away at the remaining concerts of their Viva la Vida tour .", "LeftRightLeftRightLeft was to be given away at the remaining concerts of their Viva la Vida tour ." ]
[ "The group have also performed at various charity projects such as Band Aid 20 , Live 8 , Sound Relief , Hope for Haiti Now : A Global Benefit for Earthquake Relief , The Secret Policeman 's Ball , Sport Relief and the Teenage Cancer Trust .", "The group have also performed at various charity projects , such as B...
[ "Having found success in Europe , the band set their sights on North America , by releasing the album there in November 2000 , and started the US Club Tour in February 2001 .", "Having found success in Europe , the band set their sights on North America , released the album there in November 2000 , and started th...
[ "The latter was inspired by George Harrison 's title track to All Things Must Pass , which was released in 1970 .", "The latter was inspired from George Harrison 's title track to All Things Must Pass , which was released in 1970 ." ]
[ "The album was critically well received and earned a Best Alternative Music Album honors at the 2002 Grammy Awards .", "The album was critically well-received and earned a Best Alternative Music Album honors at the 2002 Grammy Awards ." ]
[ "They achieved worldwide fame with the release of the single `` Yellow '' in 2000 , followed by their debut album released in the same year , Parachutes , which was nominated for the Mercury Prize .", "They had worldwide fame with the release of the single `` Yellow '' in 2000 , followed by their debut album rele...
[ "The band released a limited-edition CD of `` Trouble '' , the third single from the album , which features a remix of `` Yellow '' .", "The band released a limited-edition CD of `` Trouble '' , the third single off the album , which features a remix of `` Yellow '' ." ]
[ "Martin also had recruited his longtime school friend Phil Harvey , who was studying classics at the University of Oxford , to be the band 's manager .", "Martin also had recruited his longtime school friend Phil Harvey , who was studying classics at Oxford , to be the band 's manager ." ]
[ "Martin , finding Rice-Oxley to be talented , asked him to be Coldplay 's keyboard player but Rice-Oxley refused as his own band , Keane , was already active .", "Martin , finding Rice-Oxley to be talented , asked him to be Coldplay 's keyboard player but Rice-Oxley refused as his own band , Keane , was already o...
[ "Inspired by bands like U2 and R.E.M. , Coldplay decided that they would operate as a democracy ( and that profits would be shared equally ) .", "Inspired by bands like U2 and R.E.M. , Coldplay decided that they would operate as democracy , and that profits would be shared equally ." ]
[ "After completing their final examinations , Coldplay signed to Parlophone for a five-album contract in early 1999 .", "After completing their final examinations , Coldplay signed to Parlophone for a five-album contract in the spring of 1999 ." ]
[ "The band initially planned to record their debut album in the space of two weeks .", "At first , the band planned to record their debut album in the space of two weeks ." ]
[ "During a weekend on Virginia Water in Surrey , they asked each other to play off their own songs on the piano .", "During a weekend on Virginia Water , they asked each other to play off their own songs on the piano ." ]
[ "The band 's line-up was completed when Will Champion joined to take up percussion duties .", "The band 's lineup was completed when Will Champion joined to take up percussion duties ." ]
[ "The band 's fourth studio album , Viva la Vida or Death and All His Friends ( 2008 ) , was produced by Brian Eno and released again to largely positive reviews , earning several Grammy Award nominations and wins at the 51st Grammy Awards .", "The band 's fourth studio album , Viva la Vida or Death and All His Fr...
[ "After they formed under the name Pectoralz , Guy Berryman joined the group as a bassist and they changed their name to Starfish .", "After forming Pectoralz , Guy Berryman joined the group as a bassist and they changed their name to Starfish ." ]
[ "The album was recorded at Rockfield Studios , Matrix Studios , and Wessex Sound Studios with producer Ken Nelson , although the majority of Parachutes ' tracks were recorded at Liverpool 's Parr Street Studios ( where they accessed three studio rooms ) .", "In March 1999 , Coldplay began work on their debut albu...
[ "In the United States , the song was released as the lead single from the then-untitled debut album .", "In the United States , the song was released as the lead single off the then-untitled debut album ." ]
[ "Coldplay have sold more than 70 million records worldwide .", "Coldplay have sold over 50 million records worldwide ." ]
[ "The band 's second album , A Rush of Blood to the Head ( 2002 ) , was released to critical acclaim and won multiple awards , including NME 's Album of the Year .", "The band 's second album , A Rush of Blood to the Head ( 2002 ) , won multiple awards , including NME 's Album of the Year ." ]
[ "After performing the opening set on 14 March 2009 for Sound Relief at the Sydney Cricket Ground , Coldplay headlined a sold-out concert later that same night .", "Coldplay performed the opening set on 14 March 2009 for Sound Relief at the Sydney Cricket Ground and then played a sold-out concert later that same n...
[ "Champion was briefly fired from the band , but Martin later pleaded with him to return after kicking him out , and because of his guilt , went on a drinking binge .", "Martin kicked Champion out of the band but later pleaded with him to return , and because of his guilt , went on a drinking binge ." ]
[ "Chris Martin claimed , after the release of Parachutes , that the album 's success was intended to elevate the band 's status to the `` biggest , best band in the world . ''", "Chris Martin claimed after the release of Parachutes the album 's success was intended to achieve the band 's status as the `` biggest ,...
[ "Coldplay spent most of 2004 out of the spotlight , taking a break from touring and releasing a satire music video of a song from a fictional band titled The Nappies while recording their third album .", "Coldplay spent most of 2004 out of the spotlight , taking a break from touring while recording their third al...
[ "A live album entitled LeftRightLeftRightLeft was recorded at various shows during the tour .", "On 15 May 2009 , Coldplay released a live album , entitled LeftRightLeftRightLeft which was recorded at various shows during the tour ." ]
[ "The former was later released as a single in United Kingdom on 26 June 2000 .", "The former was later released as a single in UK on 26 June 2000 ." ]
[ "Having the role as Coldplay 's first release to crack the top five , the song shot to number four on the UK Singles Chart and placed Coldplay in public consciousness .", "The song shot to number four on the UK Singles Chart and placed Coldplay in public consciousness ." ]
[ "After releasing three EPs without a hit song , Coldplay sparked their first Top 40 hit with the lead single from Parachutes , `` Shiver '' , released in March 2000 to a number 35 peak position on the UK Singles Chart .", "After releasing three EPs without a hit song , Coldplay charted into the Top 40 with the le...
[ "X&Y entered the album charts of 20 countries at the number one position and was the third-fastest selling album in UK chart history .", "The album debuted at number one in 20 countries worldwide , and was the third-fastest selling album in UK chart history ." ]
[ "Upon release , Viva la Vida or Death and All His Friends topped the album charts worldwide , and was the world 's best-selling album of 2008 .", "On 15 June 2008 , Viva la Vida or Death and All His Friends topped the UK album chart , despite having come on the market only three days previously ." ]
[ "The mixing process on all songs for the album was done by American engineer Michael Brauer in New York .", "The album was mixed by American engineer Michael Brauer in New York ." ]
[ "Chris Martin later revealed that the reviews that ranged from mixed to negative , note-worthy for their remarks on comparing them to U2 , made him feel `` liberated '' .", "Chris Martin later revealed that the negative remarks made him feel `` liberated '' ." ]
[ "The band renamed themselves `` Coldplay '' in 1998 , before recording and releasing three EPs ; Safety in 1998 , Brothers & Sisters as a single in 1999 and The Blue Room in the same year .", "The band later recorded and released three EPs ; Safety in 1998 , Brothers & Sisters as a single in 1999 and The Blue Roo...
[ "Will Champion joined as a drummer , backing vocalist , and multi-instrumentalist , completing the line-up .", "Will Champion joined as a drummer and backup vocalist who plays various instruments , making the band 's lineup complete ." ]
[ "`` Life in Technicolor II '' was the only single released from the EP .", "The song `` Life in Technicolor II '' was released as a single on 9 February 2009 ." ]
[ "According to Shinto belief , Jimmu is regarded as a direct descendant of the sun goddess , Amaterasu .", "Jimmu is regarded as a direct descendant of the Shinto sun goddess , Amaterasu ." ]
[ "was the first Emperor of Japan according to the traditional order of succession .", "was the 1st emperor of Japan , according to the traditional order of succession ." ]
[ "The conventionally accepted names and dates of the early emperors were not to be confirmed as `` traditional '' until the reign of Emperor Kanmu ( 737-806 ) , the 50th sovereign of the Yamato dynasty .", "The names and sequence of the early emperors were not confirmed as `` traditional '' until the reign of Empe...
[ "Errol Leslie Thomson Flynn ( 20 June 1909 - 14 October 1959 ) was an Australian actor .", "Errol Leslie Thomson Flynn ( 20 June 1909 - 14 October 1959 ) was an Australian-American movie actor ." ]
[ "His mother was born Lily Mary Young , but dropped the first names Lily Mary shortly after she was married and changed her name to Marelle .", "She dropped the first names Lily Mary shortly after she was married and changed her name to Marelle ." ]
[ "Errol Flynn was born on 20 June 1909 in Hobart , Tasmania , where his father , Theodore Thomson Flynn , was a lecturer ( 1909 ) and later professor ( 1911 ) of biology at the University of Tasmania .", "His father Theodore Thomson Flynn , was a lecturer ( 1909 ) and later professor ( 1911 ) of biology at the Uni...
[ "Flynn described his mother 's family as `` seafaring folk '' and this appears to be where his lifelong interest in boats and the sea originated .", "Flynn described his mother 's family as `` seafaring folk '' ." ]
[ "Flynn co-starred with Olivia de Havilland a total of eight times , and together they made the most successful on-screen romantic partnership in Hollywood in the late 1930s-early '40s in Captain Blood ( 1935 ) , The Charge of the Light Brigade ( 1936 ) , The Adventures of Robin Hood ( 1938 ) , Four 's a Crowd ( 193...
[ "His lifestyle caught up with him in public in 1942 when two underage girls , Betty Hansen and Peggy Satterlee , accused him of statutory rape , alleging that the event occurred at the Bel Air , Los Angeles home of Flynn 's friend Frederick McEvoy .", "His hedonistic lifestyle caught up with him in 1942 when two ...
[ "Flynn was married three times : to actress Lili Damita from 1935 until 1942 ( one son , Sean Flynn , born 1941 , reported missing in Cambodia in 1970 and presumed dead ) ; to Nora Eddington from 1943 until 1949 ( two daughters , Deirdre born 1945 and Rory born 1947 ) ; and to actress Patrice Wymore from 1950 until...
[ "The scandal received immense press attention with many of Flynn 's movie fans refusing to accept that the charges were true ( one such group that publicly organized to this end was `` The American Boys ' Club for the Defense of Errol Flynn ( ABCDEF ) '' who counted in its number William F. Buckley , Jr. ) , taking...
[ "He was influenced by Philolaus of Croton , but he identified the `` central fire '' with the Sun , and put the other planets in their correct order of distance around the Sun .", "Aristarchus was influenced by Philolaus of Croton , but he identified the `` central fire '' with the Sun , and put the other planets...
[ "Rejection of the heliocentric view was common , as the following passage from Plutarch suggests ( On the Apparent Face in the Orb of the Moon ) : The only other astronomer of antiquity who is known by name and who is known to have supported Aristarchus ' heliocentric model was Seleucus of Seleucia , a Hellenistic ...
[ "The geocentric model was consistent with planetary parallax and was assumed to be the reason why no stellar parallax was observed .", "The old geocentric model explained planetary parallax , and was assumed to be the reason why no stellar parallax was observed ." ]
[ "The heliocentric theory was successfully revived nearly 1800 years later by Copernicus , after which Johannes Kepler described planetary motions with greater accuracy , with Kepler 's laws , and Isaac Newton gave a theoretical explanation based on laws of gravitational attraction and dynamics .", "The heliocentr...
[ "Archimedes wrote : Aristarchus thus believed the stars to be very far away , and that in consequence there was no observable parallax , that is , a movement of the stars relative to each other as the Earth moves around the Sun .", "Therefore , there was no observable parallax , that is , a movement of the stars ...
[ "The stars are much farther away than was generally assumed in ancient times ; and since stellar parallax is only detectable with telescopes , his speculation although accurate was unprovable at the time .", "The stars are much farther away than was generally assumed in ancient times ; and the tiny amount of stel...
[ "Though the original text has been lost , a reference in Archimedes ' book The Sand Reckoner ( Archimedis Syracusani Arenarius & Dimensio Circuli ) describes another work by Aristarchus in which he advanced the heliocentric model as an alternative hypothesis .", "Though the original text has been lost , a referen...
[ "Aristarchus of Samos ( \\ / ˌærəˈstɑrkəs \\ / ; Ἀρίσταρχος , Aristarkhos ; c. 310 - c. 230 BCE ) was an ancient Greek astronomer and mathematician who presented the first known model that placed the Sun at the center of the known universe with the Earth revolving around it ( see Solar system ) .", "His is the fi...
[ "Two main types of secondary structure , the alpha helix and the beta strand or beta sheets , were suggested in 1951 by Linus Pauling and coworkers .", "Two main types of secondary structure , the alpha helix and the beta strand ( beta sheet ) , were suggested in 1951 by Linus Pauling and coworkers ." ]
[ "The primary structure is held together by covalent bonds such as peptide bonds , which are made during the process of protein biosynthesis or translation .", "The primary structure is held together by covalent or peptide bonds , which are made during the process of protein biosynthesis or translation ." ]
[ "The primary structure of a protein refers to the linear sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain .", "The primary structure refers to amino acid linear sequence of the polypeptide chain ." ]
[ "Quaternary structure is the three-dimensional structure of a multi-subunit protein and how the subunits fit together .", "This , the quaternary structure , is how the subunits fit together ." ]
[ "Protein structures range in size from tens to several thousand residues .", "Protein structures range in size from tens to several thousand amino acids ." ]
[ "To understand the functions of proteins at a molecular level , it is often necessary to determine their three-dimensional structure .", "To understand how proteins work , it is often necessary to discover their three-dimensional structure ." ]
[ "This is the topic of the scientific field of structural biology , which employs techniques such as X-ray crystallography , NMR spectroscopy , and dual polarisation interferometry to determine the structure of proteins .", "To do this biophysics uses techniques such as X-ray crystallography , NMR spectroscopy , a...
[ "One chain has 31 amino acids , and the other has 20 amino acids .", "They are polymers formed from 20 possible amino acids by RNA translation ." ]
[ "He was replaced by his Protestant elder daughter , Mary II , and her husband , William III .", "He was not replaced by his Roman Catholic son , James Francis Edward , but by his Protestant daughter and son-in-law , Mary II and William III ( William II of Scotland ) , who became rulers in 1689 ." ]
[ "James made one serious attempt to recover his crowns from William and Mary , when he landed in Ireland in 1689 but , after the defeat of the Jacobite forces by the Williamite forces at the Battle of the Boyne in July 1690 , James returned to France .", "James made one serious attempt to recover his throne when h...
[ "He was the last Roman Catholic monarch to reign over the Kingdoms of England , Scotland and Ireland .", "He was the last Roman Catholic king of Scotland , England , or Ireland ." ]