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[ "It is one of the most important books of the modern evolutionary synthesis and is commonly cited in biology books .", "It is one of the most important books of the modern evolutionary synthesis ." ]
[ "The work had a great effect on W.D. Hamilton , who discovered it as an undergraduate at Cambridge and noted on the rear cover of the 1999 variorum edition : This is a book which , as a student , I weighed as of equal importance to the entire rest of my undergraduate Cambridge BA course and , through the time I spe...
[ "In some ways some of us have overtaken Fisher ; in many , however , this brilliant , daring man is still far in front .", "`` For a book that I rate only second in importance in evolution theory to Darwin 's Origin ( and ) its supplement The Descent of Man , ( it is ) undoubtedly one of the greatest books of the...
[ "Martin Luther is a 1953 film biography of Martin Luther .", "Martin Luther is a 1953 movie biography of Martin Luther ." ]
[ "It was directed by Irving Pichel , ( who also plays a supporting role ) , and stars Niall MacGinnis as Luther .", "It was directed by Irving Pichel , who also plays a supporting role ." ]
[ "Washing is one way of achieving physical cleanliness , usually with water and often some kind of soap or detergent .", "Washing is one way of achieving cleanliness , usually with water and often some kind of soap or detergent ." ]
[ "In industry , certain processes such as those related to integrated circuit manufacturing , require conditions of exceptional cleanliness which are achieved by working in cleanrooms .", "In industry , certain processes need conditions of exceptional cleanliness which are achieved by working in cleanrooms ." ]
[ "Since the germ theory of disease , cleanliness has come to mean an effort to remove germs and other hazardous materials .", "Since the germ theory of disease , it has also come to mean an absence of germs and other waste ." ]
[ "In essence , this hypothesis holds that dirt plays a useful role in developing the immune system ; the fewer germs people are exposed to in childhood , the more likely they are to get sick as adults .", "A very new idea is that ` dirt ' may play a useful role in our immune systems ." ]
[ "Specialist ( abbreviated `` SPC '' ) is one of the four junior enlisted ranks in the U.S. Army , just above private first class and equivalent in pay grade to corporal .", "Specialist ( abbreviated `` SPC '' ) is one of the four junior enlisted ranks in the U.S. Army ." ]
[ "On 1 July 1955 , four grades of specialist were established : specialist three ( E-4 ) , specialist two ( E-5 ) , specialist one ( E-6 ) , and master specialist ( E-7 ) .", "On 1 July 1955 four grades of Specialist were established ." ]
[ "In 1958 the DoD added two additional pay grades to give enlisted soldiers more opportunities to progress to a full career with additional opportunities for promotion .", "In 1958 the DoD added two additional pay grades ." ]
[ "Thus the recognition was changed to six specialist ranks , and the paygrade was tied into the rank designation : specialist four ( E-4 ) , specialist five ( E-5 ) , specialist six ( E-6 ) , specialist seven ( E-7 ) , specialist eight ( E-8 ) and specialist nine ( E-9 ) .", "These were Specialist Eight ( E-8 ) an...
[ "A plasma valve is a layer of gas in the shell of a particle accelerator .", "The plasma Valve is a layer of gas inside a special shell ." ]
[ "The Plasma Window was invented at Brookhaven National Laboratory by Ady Hershcovitch and patented in 1995 .", "The Plasma Window was created at Brookhaven National Laboratory by Ady Hershcovitch ." ]
[ "Further inventions using this principle include the Plasma Valve in 1996 .", "Other creations using the same idea as the plasma window include the Plasma Valve ." ]
[ "A related technology is the plasma valve , invented shortly after the plasma window .", "The Plasma Valve is related to a plasma window ." ]
[ "With current technology , this volume is quite small and the plasma is generated as a flat plane inside a cylindrical space .", "With current technology , this area of space is quite small ." ]
[ "The plasma window ( not to be confused with a plasma shield ) is a technology that fills a volume of space with plasma confined by a magnetic field .", "A Plasma window is a field of plasma that fills an area of space ." ]
[ "The female builds an untidy nest , usually low to the ground in a moist gully , where she lays a single egg .", "The females each build an untidy nest , usually low to the ground in a moist gully , where each lays a single egg ." ]
[ "The breeding cycle of the lyrebirds is long , and lyrebirds are long-lived birds , capable of living up to thirty years .", "The breeding cycle of the lyrebirds is long , and lyrebirds are long-lived birds ." ]
[ "The Superb Lyrebird 's mimicked calls are learned from the local environment , including from other Superb Lyrebirds .", "The lyrebird 's mimicked calls are learned from the local environment , including other birds ." ]
[ "Males defend territories from other males , and these territories may contain the breeding territories of up to eight females .", "Males defend territories from other males ." ]
[ "Lyrebirds are ancient Australian animals : the Australian Museum has fossils of lyrebirds dating back to about 15 million years ago .", "A lyrebird is a ground-dwelling Australian bird ." ]
[ "Chester Burton `` Chet '' Atkins ( June 20 , 1924 - June 30 , 2001 ) was an American guitarist , occasional vocalist and record producer who , along with Owen Bradley , created the smoother country music style known as the Nashville sound , which expanded country 's appeal to adult pop music fans as well .", "Ch...
[ "Atkins produced records for The Browns , Porter Wagoner , Norma Jean , Dolly Parton , Dottie West , Perry Como , Elvis Presley , The Everly Brothers , Eddy Arnold , Don Gibson , Jim Reeves , Jerry Reed , Skeeter Davis , Waylon Jennings and many others .", "Chet Atkins produced records for Perry Como , Elvis Pres...
[ "Among many honors , Atkins received 14 Grammy Awards as well as the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award , nine Country Music Association Instrumentalist of the Year awards , and was inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame , Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum and the Musicians Hall of Fame and Museum .", "He ...
[ "The Meiji period ( 明治時代 , Meiji-jidai ? )", "Meiji period ( 明治時代 , Meiji-jidai ? )" ]
[ ", also known as the Meiji era , is a Japanese era which extended from September 1868 through July 1912 .", "This period started in September 1868 and ended in July 1912 ." ]
[ "Engineers design materials , structures , and systems while considering the limitations imposed by practicality , regulation , safety , and cost .", "Engineers design materials , structures , machines and systems while considering the limitations imposed by practicality , safety and cost ." ]
[ "Muon-catalyzed fusion ( μCF ) is a process allowing nuclear fusion to take place at temperatures significantly lower than the temperatures required for thermonuclear fusion , even at room temperature or lower .", "Muon-catalyzed fusion ( μCF ) is a type of cold nuclear fusion , which means that nuclear fusion ca...
[ "They are similar to electrons , but are about 207 times more massive .", "A muon is 207 times more massive then an electron ." ]
[ "Large numbers of whole seashells , arranged to form patterns , have been used to decorate mirror frames , furniture and man-made grottos .", "Large numbers of whole seashells , arranged to form patterns , have been used to decorate man-made grottos ." ]
[ "Small pieces of colored and iridescent shell have been used to create mosaics and inlays , which have been used to decorate walls , furniture and boxes .", "Small pieces of colored shell and iridescent shell have been used to create mosaics and inlays which have been used to decorate larger items such as boxes a...
[ "British author John Corsellis , who served in Austria with the British Army , has written a historic book of these events , called `` Slovenia 1945 : Memories of Death and Survival after World War II '' .", "British author John Corsellis , who served in Austria with the British Army , has written a historic book...
[ "Karapandzic 's report is confirmed in subsequent book by a group of scholars .", "Karapandzic 's report is confirmed in a subsequent book by a group of scholars ." ]
[ "Boris Karapandzic writes that there were 12,000 Slovenian `` home guards , '' 3,000 Serbian volunteer troops , 1,000 Montenegrin `` chetniks , '' and 2,500 Croatian `` home guards . ''", "Boris Karapandzic writes that there were 12,000 Slovenian `` home guards '' , 3,000 Serbian volunteer troops , 1,000 Monteneg...
[ "Kočevski Rog massacre was a series of massacres near Kočevski Rog in late May 1945 in which thousands of members of the Nazi Germany-aligned Slovene Home Guard and their families were executed by special units of the Yugoslav Partisans .", "Kočevski Rog massacre was a series of massacres in Slovenia in late May ...
[ "Several thousand ( between 10,000 and 12,000 , according to certain sources ) war prisoners , repatriated by the British military authorities from Austria , where they had fled , died in these post-war summary executions .", "Several thousand ( between 10,000 and 12,000 , according to certain sources ) war priso...
[ "Michael Sean Coulthard , ( born December 8 , 1968 ) better known by his stage name , Michael Cole , is an American professional wrestling commentator , wrestling show host , and former news journalist .", "Michael Sean Coulthard ( born December 8 , 1968 ) better known by his stage name Michael Cole , is an Ameri...
[ "Thomas Woodrow Wilson ( December 28 , 1856 - February 3 , 1924 ) was the 28th President of the United States , in office from 1913 to 1921 .", "Thomas Woodrow Wilson ( December 28 , 1856 - February 3 , 1924 ) was born in Virginia and grew up in Georgia ." ]
[ "In 1965 , the formation of another new orchestra based in the capital , the Orquesta Sinfónica de RTVE , came once more at a cost to the ranks of the Madrid Symphony .", "In 1965 a new orchestra , the Orquesta Sinfónica de RTVE , was started ." ]
[ "The Orquesta Sinfónica de Madrid ( unofficial English name , Madrid Symphony Orchestra ) , founded in 1903 , is the oldest existing Spanish symphony orchestra in Spain not linked to an opera house .", "The Madrid Symphony Orchestra ( Spanish : Orquesta Sinfónica de Madrid ) is an orchestra based in Madrid , the ...
[ "In 1997 , the orchestra moved out of the Teatro de la Zarzuela to take up residence at the Teatro Real , which had been reopened recently by the Community .", "In 1997 , the Orchestra moved out of the Teatro de la Zarzuela and moved to the Teatro Real where they will stay at least until 2009 ." ]
[ "The opening of the Auditorio Nacional de Música in Madrid promised the orchestra new prospects , especially in symphonic performance .", "Later , when a new concert hall , the Auditorio Nacional de Música was opened , the orchestra had more opportunity to give orchestra concerts ." ]
[ "During the 1970s , the Symphony 's activity was tied closely to the needs of the Teatro de la Zarzuela .", "They had to spend a lot of time playing for the Teatro de la Zarzuela ." ]
[ "On February 7 , 1904 , under the direction of Cordelás , the orchestra gave its first public concert at the Teatro Real and presented the following program : At the beginning , Cordelás sought to impose a break with Madrid custom by performing each concert in two parts separated by one interval , rather than in th...
[ "A video game producer is the person in charge of overseeing development of a video game .", "A video game producer is the person in charge during the development of a video game ." ]
[ "The earliest documented use of the term producer in games was by Trip Hawkins , who established the position when he founded Electronic Arts in 1982 .", "The earliest known use of the term producer in games was by Trip Hawkins ." ]
[ "According to an annual survey of salaries in the industry , producers earn an average of USD$ 75,000 annually .", "They earn an average of USD$ 75,000 annually ." ]
[ "Over its entire history , the role of the video game producer has been defined in a wide range of ways by different companies and different teams , and there are a variety of positions within the industry referred to as producer .", "The role of the video game producer has been defined by different companies and...
[ "His vision-influenced by his relationship with Jerry Moss-was that producers would manage artists and repertoire in the same way as in the music business , and Hawkins brought in record producers from A&M Records to help train those first producers .", "Hawkins brought record producers from A&M Records to help t...
[ "In general , video game producers earn the third most out of game development positions , behind business ( marketing\\/management ) and programmers .", "Video game producers earn the third most money in the video game industry ." ]
[ "Kimberly Claire `` Kimmie '' Meissner ( born October 4 , 1989 ) is an American figure skater .", "Kimmie Meissner ( born 4 October 1989 ) is a figure skater from the United States ." ]
[ "In 2005 , Meissner became the second American woman to land the triple Axel jump in national competition .", "She is the second American woman and the sixth woman worldwide to do a triple Axel jump ." ]
[ "After Nationals , Meissner went to the Four Continents Championships , a competition for senior-level skaters who are not from Europe , for the first time in her career .", "In 2007 , Meissner won the United States championships and the Four Continents Figure Skating Championships , a competition for skaters fro...
[ "Scholars have defined it as a type of racism , but this has been contested .", "Islamophobia is defined by some scholars as a type of racism ." ]
[ "His father wanted him to go into the family grocery business , but Monet wanted to become an artist .", "His father wanted him to help run the family 's grocery business ." ]
[ "On the beaches of Normandy around 1856 he met fellow artist Eugène Boudin , who became his mentor and taught him to use oil paints .", "When he was young he met the painter Eugène Boudin who taught him to use oil paints , and encouraged him to paint out of doors ." ]
[ "Monet died of lung cancer on 5 December 1926 at the age of 86 and is buried in the Giverny church cemetery .", "Monet died of lung cancer in Giverny ." ]
[ "Although previously believed that clinically active pituitary adenomas were rare , recent studies have suggested that they may affect approximately one in 1000 of the general population .", "It used to be thought that clinically active pituitary adenomas were rare but recent studies have suggested that they may ...
[ "Pituitary adenomas are noncancerous tumors that occur in the pituitary gland .", "Pituitary adenomas are tumors that occur in the pituitary gland ." ]
[ "Pituitary adenomas represent from 10 % to 25 % of all intracranial neoplasms and the estimated prevalence rate in the general population is approximately 17 % .", "Pituitary adenomas represent from 10 % to 25 % of all brain tumors and is thought to happen in about 17 % to 25 % of most people ." ]
[ "Pituitary adenomas are generally divided into three categories dependent upon their biological functioning : benign adenoma , invasive adenoma , or carcinomas , with carcinomas accounting for 0.1 % to 0.2 % , approximately 35 % being invasive adenomas and most being benign adenomas .", "Pituitary tumors are gene...
[ "Non-invasive and non-secreting pituitary adenomas are considered to be benign in the literal as well as the clinical sense ; however a recent meta-analysis ( Fernández-Balsells , et al. 2011 ) of available research has shown there are to date scant studies - of poor quality - to either support or refute this assum...
[ "A majority of pituitary microadenomas often remain undiagnosed and those that are diagnosed are often found as an incidental finding , and are referred to as incidentalomas .", "Most pituitary microadenomas often remain undiagnosed and those that are diagnosed are often found as an incidental finding ( which mea...
[ "Adenomas which exceed 10 millimetres ( 0.39 in ) in size are defined as macroadenomas , with those smaller than 10 mm referred to as microadenomas .", "Adenomas that are bigger than 10 millimetres ( 0.39 in ) are called macroadenomas , and those smaller than 10 mm are called microadenomas ." ]
[ "The domesticated form of the gaur Bos frontalis is called gayal or mithun .", "The domesticated form of the gaur Bos frontalis is called ` gayal ' or ` mithun ' ." ]
[ "The Malayan gaur is called seladang , and the Burmese gaur is called pyoung ပ င .", "The Malayan gaur is called seladang , and the Burmese gaur is called pyoung ." ]
[ "Population trends are stable in well-protected areas , and are rebuilding in a few areas which had been neglected .", "Population trends are stable in well-protected areas , and are building up in a few areas which had been neglected ." ]
[ "The species is listed as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List since 1986 , as the population decline in parts of the species ' range is likely to be well over 70 % during the last three generations .", "The species is listed as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List since 1986 ." ]
[ "In the United States and some parts of Canada , the alcoholic beverage discussed in this article is commonly known as `` hard cider , '' while simply `` cider '' often refers to non-alcoholic unfiltered apple juice .", "In the United States and parts of Canada , cider containing alcohol is called hard cider or a...
[ "Cider or cyder ( \\ / ˈsaɪdər \\ / SY-dər ) is a fermented alcoholic beverage made from apple juice .", "Cider ( or cyder ) is a drink made from fruit juice , most often from apples ." ]
[ "Bingham described the poem as `` indecent , obscene doggerel '' which gave `` offense to hundreds of thousands of our fellow citizens and ( ... ) to the Declaration of Independence and our Constitution . ''", "Senator Bingham described the poem as `` indecent , obscene doggerel verse '' which gave `` offense to ...
[ "`` Niggers in the White House '' is a poem that was published in newspapers around the United States between 1901 and 1903 .", "`` Niggers in the White House '' was a racist poem that first appeared in many American newspapers between 1901 and 1903 ." ]
[ "Democratic Senator Benjamin Tillman from South Carolina remarked , `` The action of President Roosevelt in entertaining that nigger will necessitate our killing a thousand niggers in the South before they will learn their place again . ''", "Senator `` Pitchfork '' Bill Tillman of South Carolina said , `` The ac...
[ "Democratic Senator Coleman Blease from South Carolina inserted the poem within a senate resolution entitled , `` To request the Chief Executive to respect the White House '' in the upper chamber of Congress , which was read aloud on the floor of the United States Senate .", "Senator Coleman Blease from South Car...
[ "First Lady Lou Hoover , wife of President Herbert Hoover , invited the wife of Oscar DePriest to a tea event .", "Many years later , in the year 1929 , First Lady Lou Hoover , wife of president Herbert Hoover , invited Congressional wife Jessie DePriest to join her for tea ." ]
[ "However , the resolution , including the poem , was by unanimous agreement excised from the Congressional Record due to protests from Republican senators Walter Edge ( from New Jersey ) and Hiram Bingham ( from Connecticut ) .", "The vote was based on protests from senators Walter Edge ( from New Jersey ) and Hi...
[ "The poem is composed of 14 stanzas with four lines per stanza .", "The poem has fourteen stanzas ." ]
[ "It followed widespread news reports that President Theodore Roosevelt and his family had dinner with African-American presidential adviser Booker T. Washington at the White House on 16 October of that year .", "On October 16 , 1901 , President Theodore Roosevelt asked Washington to have dinner with his family at...
[ "The term `` nigger '' is used in all the stanzas of the poem except two .", "The bad word `` nigger '' is seen many times in the poem ." ]
[ "The poem was written in reaction to an October 1901 White House dinner hosted by Republican President Theodore Roosevelt , who had invited Booker T. Washington , an African-American presidential adviser , as a guest .", "Washington had been invited by President Theodore Roosevelt , who was Caucasian ." ]
[ "Maciej Rataj ( 19 February 1884 - 21 June 1940 ) was a Polish politician and writer .", "Maciej Rataj ( born 19 February 1884 - died 21 June 1940 ) was a Polish politician of peasants movement , who served as Speaker of the Parliament ( Sejm ) and twice Acting President of Poland ." ]
[ "It meets in the Verkhovna Rada building in Ukraine 's capital Kiev .", "It meets in the `` Verkhovna Rada building '' in Ukraine 's capital Kiev ." ]
[ "The Verkhovna Rada is a unicameral parliament composed of 450 deputies , which is presided over by a chairman ( speaker ) .", "The Verkhovna Rada is a unicameral parliament composed of 450 deputies , which is presided over by a chairman or a speaker ." ]
[ "It originated in medieval Rus ' , and in the 15th century represented a boyar council .", "It originated in medieval Rus ' , and in the 10th century represented a boyar council ." ]
[ "Since 1938 , 17 convocations ( `` sessions '' ) of the Verkhovna Rada have been held .", "Since then , 17 convocations ( sessions ) of the Verkhovna Rada were held ." ]
[ "The parliament 's fourteenth convocation officially changed the numbering of the convocations proclaiming itself the Verkhovna Rada of the third convocation .", "The Verkhovna Rada of the 14th convocation officially changed the numbering of sessions , proclaiming itself the Verkhovna Rada of the third convocatio...
[ "The Verkhovna Rada was transformed from the Verkhovna Rada of the Ukrainian SSR that was first established in 1938 as the quasi-independent republic parliament of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic after the reorganization of Central Executive Committee of Ukrainian SSR .", "The Verkhovna Rada was first est...
[ "The current convocation of the parliament is the seventh one .", "The sixth convocation is the latest convocation of the parliament ." ]
[ "The first real election to select deputies to the Verkhovna Rada was held March 1990 .", "Next election to the Verkhovna Rada will be held on October 28 , 2012 ." ]
[ "Coordinates : 50 ° 26 ′ 50.3 ″ N 30 ° 32 ′ 12.6 ″ E \\ / 50.447306 ° N 30.536833 ° E \\ / 50.447306 ; 30.536833 The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine ( Ukrainian : Верховна Рада України ; literally Supreme Council of Ukraine , formerly also translated as the Supreme Soviet of Ukraine ) , often simply Verkhovna Rada or jus...
[ "As a result , oceanic lithosphere is much younger than continental lithosphere : the oldest oceanic lithosphere is about 170 million years old , while parts of the continental lithosphere are billions of years old .", "As a result , oceanic lithosphere is much younger than continental lithosphere : the oldest oc...
[ "This thickening occurs by conductive cooling , which converts hot asthenosphere into lithospheric mantle and causes the oceanic lithosphere to become increasingly thick and dense with age .", "This thickening occurs by conductive cooling , which converts hot asthenosphere into lithospheric mantle , and causes th...
[ "On Earth , it comprises the crust and the portion of the upper mantle that behaves elastically on time scales of thousands of years or greater .", "That means the crust and the part of the upper mantle that behaves elastically on time scales of thousands of years or greater ." ]
[ "Oceanic lithosphere is less dense than asthenosphere for a few tens of millions of years but after this becomes increasingly denser than asthenosphere .", "Oceanic lithosphere is less dense than asthenosphere for a few tens of millions of years , but after this becomes increasingly denser than asthenosphere ." ]
[ "The lithosphere is underlain by the asthenosphere , the weaker , hotter , and deeper part of the upper mantle .", "Under the lithosphere there is the asthenosphere , the weaker , hotter , and deeper part of the upper mantle ." ]
[ "The lithosphere is broken into tectonic plates .", "There are two types of lithosphere : The lithosphere is divided into tectonic plates , which move gradually relative to one another ." ]
[ "The gravitational instability of mature oceanic lithosphere has the effect that at subduction zones , oceanic lithosphere invariably sinks underneath the overriding lithosphere , which can be oceanic or continental .", "When a continental plate comes together with an oceanic plate , at a subduction zones , the o...