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[ "In some cases , the declaration of a city to be `` open '' is made by a side which is on the verge of defeat and surrender ; in other cases , those making such a declaration are willing and able to fight on , but prefer that the specific city be spared .", "In some cases , the declaration of a city to be `` open...
[ "Attacking forces do not always respect the declaration of an `` open city . ''", "Attacking forces do not always respect cities that call themselves an `` open city . ''" ]
[ "There were bomb blasts and shootings at churches in Madalla , Jos , Gadaka , and Damaturu .", "There were bomb blasts and shootings at churches in Madalla ( near the capital , Abuja ) , Jos , Gadaka and Damaturu ." ]
[ "A series of bombings occurred on Christmas Day church services in northern Nigeria on 25 December 2011 .", "On 25 December 2011 , there were a number of attacks on Christmas during church services in northern Nigeria ." ]
[ "Some orchids mainly or totally rely on self-pollination , especially in colder regions where pollinators are particularly rare .", "Some orchids mainly or totally rely on self-pollination , especially in colder regions where pollinators are rare ." ]
[ "Catasetum , a genus discussed briefly by Darwin , actually launches its viscid pollinia with explosive force when an insect touches a seta , knocking the pollinator off the flower .", "Catasetum , a genus discussed briefly by Darwin , actually launches its sticky pollinia with explosive force when an insect touc...
[ "The main component for the sowing of orchids in artificial conditions is the agar agar .", "The main component for the sowing of orchids in artificial conditions is agar ." ]
[ "Orchids have developed highly specialized pollination systems , thus the chances of being pollinated are often scarce , so orchid flowers usually remain receptive for very long periods , and most orchids deliver pollen in a single mass .", "The chances of being pollinated are often scarce , so orchid flowers usu...
[ "The ovary typically develops into a capsule that is dehiscent by three or six longitudinal slits , while remaining closed at both ends .", "The ovary typically develops into a capsule that splits along three or six longitudinal slits , while remaining closed at both ends ." ]
[ "Pollinators are often visually attracted by the shape and colors of the labellum .", "Pollinators are often visually attracted by the shape and colors of the flower ." ]
[ "Horticultural techniques have been devised for germinating seeds on a nutrient-containing gel , eliminating the requirement of the fungus for germination , greatly aiding the propagation of ornamental orchids .", "Horticultural techniques have been devised for germinating seeds on a nutrient-containing gel , so ...
[ "In cultivation , germination typically takes weeks , while there is a report of one paphiopedilum that took fifteen years .", "In cultivation , germination typically takes weeks ." ]
[ "The carbohydrate source can be combinations of discrete sugars or can be derived from other sources such as banana , pineapple , peach or even tomato puree or coconut water .", "Such substance may be banana , pineapple , peach or even tomato puree or coconut milk ." ]
[ "The complex mechanisms which orchids have evolved to achieve cross-pollination were investigated by Charles Darwin and described in his 1862 book Fertilisation of Orchids .", "The complex cross-pollination mechanisms were described by Charles Darwin in his 1862 book The Fertilisation of Orchids ." ]
[ "The family also encompasses about 6-11 % of all seed plants .", "They make up between 6-11 % of all seed plants ." ]
[ "After the preparation of the agar agar medium , the mix is poured into test tubes or jars which are then autoclaved ( or cooked in a pressure cooker ) to sterilize the medium .", "After the `` cooking '' of the agar agar ( it has to be cooked in sterile conditions ) , the mix is poured into test tubes or jars wh...
[ "The seeds are generally almost microscopic and very numerous , in some species over a million per capsule .", "The seeds are extremely small and very numerous , in some species over a million per capsule ." ]
[ "Queen Silvia of Sweden ( née Silvia Renate Sommerlath ; born 23 December 1943 in Heidelberg ) is the spouse of King Carl XVI Gustaf and mother of the heir apparent to the throne , Crown Princess Victoria .", "Queen Silvia of Sweden ( born Silvia Renate Sommerlath ) ( born 23 December 1943 in Munich , Germany ) a...
[ "Heading some 80 kilometres ( 50 mi ) west up this valley one reached the Mintaka Pass , ( and 30 kilometres ( 20 mi ) further , the alternative Kilik Pass ) , which both led into upper Hunza from where one could travel over the infamous rafiqs or `` hanging passages '' to Gilgit and on , either to Kashmir , or to ...
[ "This pass was the shortest and quickest way into northern India from the Tarim Basin , and one that was usually open all year , but was extremely dangerous and only suited for travellers on foot .", "This was the shortest and quickest way into northern Kashmir from the Tarim Basin , and one that was usually open...
[ "From Tashkurgan one traveled just over 70 kilometres ( 40 mi ) south to the junction of the Minteke River .", "From Tashkurgan one traveled just over 70 km south to the junction of the Minteke River ." ]
[ "It is the smallest planet in the Solar System , with an equatorial radius of 2,439.7 km .", "It is the smallest planet in the Solar System , with a radius of 2,439.7 km ." ]
[ "Mercury is one of four terrestrial planets in the Solar System , and is a rocky body like Earth .", "Mercury is one of four inner planets in the Solar System , and has a rocky body like the Earth ." ]
[ "Mercury consists of approximately 70 % metallic and 30 % silicate material .", "Mercury is made of about 70 % metallic and 30 % silicate material ." ]
[ "Mercury is even smaller-albeit more massive-than the largest natural satellites in the Solar System , Ganymede and Titan .", "Mercury is even smaller than some of the largest moons in the solar system , such as Ganymede and Titan ." ]
[ "Mercury 's density is the second highest in the Solar System at 5.427 g\\/cm3 , only slightly less than Earth 's density of 5.515 g\\/cm3 .", "Mercury 's density is the second highest in the Solar System at 5.427 g\\/cm ³ , only a little bit less than Earth 's ." ]
[ "Recently extinct species include the last examples of gomphotheres in Central and South America , the American mastodon of family Mammutidae in North America , numerous stegodonts once found in Asia , the last of the mammoths , and several island species of dwarf elephants .", "During the period of the last ice ...
[ "In the middle of the building is a six-storey glass tower containing the King 's Library , with 65,000 printed volumes along with other pamphlets , manuscripts and maps collected by King George III between 1763 and 1820 .", "In the middle of the building is a four-storey glass tower containing the '' King 's Lib...
[ "The British Library is the national library of the United Kingdom .", "The British Library ( BL ) is the national library of the United Kingdom ." ]
[ "It is located on the north side of Euston Road in St Pancras , London ( between Euston railway station and St Pancras railway station ) and has a document storage center and reading room at Boston Spa , Wetherby in West Yorkshire .", "It is on the north side of Euston Road in St Pancras , London , between Euston...
[ "The British Library was created on 1 July 1973 as a result of the British Library Act 1972 .", "The British Library was created in 1973 by the British Library Act 1972 ." ]
[ "The new facility , costing # 26 million , has a capacity for seven million items , stored in more than 140,000 bar-coded containers , which are retrieved by robots , from the 162.7 Miles of temperature and humidity-controlled storage space .", "It cost # 26million and will house seven million items , stored in m...
[ "In December 2009 a new storage building at Boston Spa was opened by Rosie Winterton .", "In December 2009 a new storage building at Boston Spa was opened ." ]
[ "These include the books and manuscripts of Sir Robert Cotton , Sir Hans Sloane , Robert Harley and the King 's Library of King George III , as well as the Old Royal Library donated by King George II .", "The collectors were King George III , Sir Robert Cotton , Sir Hans Sloane , and Robert Harley ." ]
[ "As a legal deposit library , the British Library receives copies of all books produced in the United Kingdom and Ireland , including a significant proportion of overseas titles distributed in the UK .", "The British Library , by the law of the United Kingdom , receives copies of every book that is published in t...
[ "The two friends , who were both by now experienced amateur entomologists , met in London to prepare themselves .", "The two friends , who were both by now experienced amateur entomologists , met in London to prepare themselves by viewing South American plants and animals in the main collections ." ]
[ "The main purpose was for the travellers to `` gather facts towards solving the problem of the origin of species '' , as Wallace put it in a letter to Bates .", "Also , for the travellers to `` gather facts towards solving the problem of the origin of species '' , as Wallace put it in a letter to Bates ." ]
[ "When Bates arrived home in 1859 after a full eleven years , he had sent back over 14,712 species ( mostly of insects ) of which 8,000 were new to science .", "When Bates arrived home in 1859 , he had sent back over 14,000 species ( mostly of insects ) of which 8,000 were new to science ." ]
[ "In 1847 Wallace and Bates discussed the idea of an expedition to the Amazon Rainforest , the plan being to cover expenses by sending specimens back to London .", "In 1847 Wallace and Bates discussed the idea of an expedition to the Amazon ." ]
[ "His health eventually deteriorated and he returned to England , sending his collection by three different ships to avoid the same fate as Wallace .", "Eventually , Bates ' health deteriorated and he returned to England , sending his collection by three different ships ." ]
[ "Born 8 February 1825 - London , 16 February 1892 ) was an English naturalist and explorer who gave the first scientific account of mimicry in animals .", "This naturalist and explorer gave the first scientific account of mimicry in animals ." ]
[ "He was most famous for his expedition to the rainforests of the Amazon with Alfred Russel Wallace , starting in 1848 .", "He was most famous for his expedition to the Amazon River basin with Alfred Russel Wallace in 1848 ." ]
[ "Bates wrote up his findings in his best-known work , The Naturalist on the River Amazons .", "Bates wrote a famous book on his experiences : The naturalist on the river Amazons ." ]
[ "He died in Florence , and is buried in the church of St. Annunziata .", "He died in Florence and is buried in the church of St. Annunziata ." ]
[ "In the 1560s , Francesco de ' Medici , Grand Duke of Florence , was so impressed with his talent that he took the young Caccini to Florence for further study .", "In the 1560s , Francesco de ' Medici , Grand Duke of Florence , was impressed with his talent , so he took him to Florence to study ." ]
[ "In Rome he studied the lute , the viol and the harp , and began to acquire a reputation as a singer .", "He learned to play the lute , the viol and the harp , and soon became known as a singer ." ]
[ "Giulio Romolo Caccini ( also Giulio Romano ) ( 8 October 1551 - buried 10 December 1618 ) , was an Italian composer , teacher , singer , instrumentalist and writer of the very late Renaissance and early Baroque eras .", "Giulio Caccini ( born Rome , 8 October 1551 ; died Florence , 10 December 1618 ) , also know...
[ "He was also the father of the composer Francesca Caccini .", "His son , Francesca Caccini , also became a composer ." ]
[ "Also during this time he took part in the movement of humanists , writers , musicians and scholars of the ancient world who formed the Florentine Camerata , the group which gathered at the home of Count Giovanni de ' Bardi , and which was dedicated to recovering the supposed lost glory of ancient Greek dramatic mu...
[ "He was a tenor , and he was able to accompany himself on the viol or the archlute ; he sang at various entertainments , including weddings and affairs of state , and took part in the sumptuous intermedi of the time , the elaborate musical , dramatic , visual spectacles which were one of the precursors of opera .",...
[ "and each 11 July , bonfires are lit by many Protestant communities to celebrate the victory of Williamite forces at the Battle of the Boyne , which took place on 12 July 1690 .", "This battle took place on 12 July 1690 ." ]
[ "Historically the area was called Higo Province ; and the province was renamed Kumamoto during the Meiji Restoration .", "The area of Higo Province was renamed Kumamoto during the Meiji Restoration ." ]
[ "is a prefecture of Japan located on the island of Kyushu .", "is a prefecture in the Kyūshū region of Japan on the island of Kyushu ." ]
[ "A dedicated graphics card has its own random access memory ( RAM ) , its own cooling system , and dedicated power regulators , with all components designed specifically for processing video images .", "Video cards also have their own memory , separate from the main computer memory ." ]
[ "She began performing on stage , and has since appeared in several film and television roles , including 30 Rock , Scream 3 , Match Point , Lars and the Real Girl , Hugo , Cars 2 , Shutter Island , Harry Brown , Our Idiot Brother , and The Newsroom .", "She was in 30 Rock , Scream 3 , Match Point , Lars and the R...
[ "Emily Kathleen A. Mortimer ( born 1 December 1971 ) is an English actress .", "Emily Kathleen A. Mortimer ( born December 1 , 1971 ) is a British movie , stage , television , stage actress , and comedian ." ]
[ "After Otis interrupts a barnyard meeting with his wild antics , Ben has a talk with his son , in which he tells him that he 'll never be happy if he just goofs off , and that he should grow up .", "After Otis interrupts a barnyard meeting with his wild antics , Ben has a talk with his son , in which he tells him...
[ "That night , the animals throw a massive party in the barn ; all the animals are there except Ben , who watches over the fence , which marks their space .", "That night the animals throw a massive party in the barn ; all the animals are there except Ben , who watches over the fence , which marks their space ." ]
[ "Otis is assigned his shift along with him , but he talks himself out of it , saying that he 's needed for a certain role in the party barn .", "Otis is assigned his shift along with him , but he talks himself out of it , saying he is needed for a certain role in the party barn ." ]
[ "Ben opens his mouth as if to say something , but then dies .", "Ben opens his mouth as if to say something , but dies ." ]
[ "Dag tries to attack Otis from behind , but Otis is alerted when Peck successfully manages to crow a warning .", "Dag attempts to attack Otis from behind , but Otis is alerted when Peck successfully manages to crow a warning ." ]
[ "His father Ben ( Sam Elliott ) is the leader of the barnyard when the farmer is away , giving the animals the safest moment to spring up on two legs .", "His father Ben is the leader of the barnyard when the farmer is away , giving the animals the safest moment to spring up on two legs ." ]
[ "Otis tries to attack Dag and his pack , but he 's outsmarted by them .", "Otis attempts to attack Dag but is outsmarted ." ]
[ "Ben talks with Otis and says that the day he found him alone in the meadow , the stars danced .", "Ben talks with Otis and says the day he found him alone in the meadow , the stars danced ." ]
[ "He threatens to punch Dag , but lets him go , scaring him and the coyotes off .", "He threatens to punch Dag , but lets him go , scaring them off ." ]
[ "Ben manages to fight off the pack until he is bitten on the leg by Dag , making him fall .", "Ben manages to fight off the pack until he is bitten in the leg , causing him to fall ." ]
[ "Dag is then swung out of the junkyard by Otis ' golf skills , and a golf club .", "Dag is swung out of the junkyard by Otis 's golf skills ." ]
[ "That night , Otis and the gang make it back to the barnyard , finding that Daisy went into labor after Otis left to face the coyotes .", "Otis and the rest make it back to the barnyard , finding that Daisy went into labor ." ]
[ "Since Otis is weaker , Dag orders a deal that he and his pack will take animals here and there , and if Otis tries to stand up for all of them , they 'll slaughter everyone .", "Since Otis is weaker , Dag orders a deal that he and his pack will take animals here and there , and if he tries to stand up for all of...
[ "Duke ( Dom Irrera ) , the farmer 's sheepdog , asks Otis if he wants to stay and be their leader .", "Duke , the farmer 's sheepdog , asks Otis if he wants to stay and be their leader ." ]
[ "Otis confronts the pack , but is easily defeated after Dag bites him in the leg ; however , Pip , Pig , Freddy , Peck , and Miles arrive to help Otis , along with the Jersey Cows and the gophers .", "Otis confronts the pack but is easily defeated ; however Pip , Pig , Freddy , and Peck along with Miles the Mule ...
[ "Later on , Ben has to take on a pack of coyotes led by Dag ( David Koechner ) , who is plundering the chicken coop .", "Later on , Ben has to take on a pack of coyotes led by Dag , which is raiding the chicken coop ." ]
[ "Otis ( Kevin James ) is a carefree male dairy cow who prefers to goof off rather than accept responsibility .", "Otis is a carefree Cow who prefers to goof off than to be responsible ." ]
[ "Later that night , when Otis is sitting with Daisy and holds Daisy 's hoof while looking up at the stars , he overhears that the coyotes chasing a rabbit and leaves Daisy and chases after the coyotes to avenge his father .", "Later that night when Otis is sitting with Daisy , he overhears the coyotes chasing a h...
[ "Otis realizes that he has been backstabbed by Dag as he was n't expecting him and the coyotes until tonight , and sets off to rescue the poultry .", "Otis figures that he has been backstabbed by Dag , as he was not expecting them until tonight , and sets off to rescue the poultry ." ]
[ "That same day , Otis meets a new yet pregnant cow named Daisy ( Courteney Cox ) , accompanied by another girl cow named Bessy ( Wanda Sykes ) .", "That same day , Otis meets a new cow , Daisy ( Courteney Cox ) ( who is pregnant ) , accompanied by Bessy , another female cow ." ]
[ "The next morning , before leaving , Otis is informed that the coyotes took some hens and a chick named Maddy ( Madeline Lovejoy ) , who is one of Otis ' best friends .", "The next morning , before leaving , Otis is informed that the coyotes took some hens and a chick ." ]
[ "He shirks his duties by leaving Freddy and Peck in charge of the coop , helping three trouble-making cows called the Jersey Cows Eddy ( S. Scott Bullock ) , Igg ( Maurice LaMarche ) , and Bud ( John DiMaggio ) in teaching a lesson to a chubby brat called Snotty Boy ( Steve Oedekerk ) , who enjoys cow tipping , and...
[ "A hen named Etta ( Andie MacDowell ) runs into the barn and tells Otis and he runs outside to his father .", "Etta the hen runs into the barn and tells Otis , and the alerted son runs outside to his father ." ]
[ "The García Lorca family eventually dropped objections to the excavation of a potential gravesite near Alfacar .", "The Garcia Lorca family eventually dropped objections to the excavation of a potential gravesite near Alfacar ." ]
[ "a ˈlorka ) ; 5 June 1898 - 19 August 1936 ) was a Spanish poet , dramatist and theater director .", "Federico del Sagrado Corazón de Jesús García Lorca ; 5 June 1898 - 19 August 1936 ) was a Spanish poet , dramatist and theater director ." ]
[ "Knowles re-recorded the song at the SugarHill Studios in Houston , Texas in 2002 for her debut solo album , Dangerously in Love .", "Knowles re-recorded the song for her debut solo album , Dangerously in Love ( 2003 ) , under the title `` Dangerously in Love 2 '' ." ]
[ "Knowles also famously performed the song at the 2004 Grammy Awards on February 8 , 2004 , where it won in the category of Best Female R&B Vocal Performance .", "She performed `` Dangerously in Love 2 '' at the 2004 Grammy Awards , where it won in the category of `` Best Female R&B Vocal Performance '' ." ]
[ "Near the north pole , therefore , all H-field lines point away from the north pole ( whether inside the magnet or out ) while near the south pole ( whether inside the magnet or out ) all H-field lines point toward the south pole .", "Near the north pole , all H-field lines point away from the north pole ( whethe...
[ "The H-field , therefore , is analogous to the electric field E , which starts at a positive electric charge and ends at a negative electric charge .", "So , the H-field is like the electric field E which starts at a positive electric charge and ends at a negative electric charge ." ]
[ "In the magnetic pole model , the elementary magnetic dipole m is formed by two opposite magnetic poles of pole strength qm separated by a very small distance vector d , such that m = qm d . Since it is based on the fictitious idea of a `` magnetic charge density '' , the Gilbert model has limitations .", "In the...
[ "It is sometimes useful to model the force and torques between two magnets as due to magnetic poles repelling or attracting each other in the same manner as the Coulomb force between electric charges .", "Physicists can say that the force and torques between two magnets are caused by magnetic poles repelling or a...
[ "The magnetic pole model does not account for magnetism that is produced by electric currents , and only gives the correct magnetic field outside magnetic materials ; the magnetic field inside magnetic materials calculated from the model has the wrong direction .", "Also , magnetic poles do not account for magnet...
[ "There is also a corresponding differential form of this equation covered in Maxwell 's equations below .", "For the differential equivalent of this equation see Maxwell 's equations ." ]
[ "These magnetic dipoles produce a magnetic B-field .", "Magnetic fields are around electric currents , magnetic dipoles , and changing electric fields ." ]
[ "It can only do work indirectly , via the electric field generated by a changing magnetic field .", "Moving electric charges can make magnetic fields ." ]
[ "The interaction of magnetic fields in electric devices such as transformers is studied in the discipline of magnetic circuits .", "The magnetic field is the area around a magnet in which there is magnetic force ." ]
[ "On the other hand , a magnetic field combined with an electric field can distinguish between these , see Hall effect below .", "For magnetic fields made by changing electric fields , see electromagnetism ." ]
[ "See orders of magnitude ( magnetic field ) .", "Magnetic fields also have their own energy and momentum , with an energy density proportional to the square of the field intensity ." ]
[ "Rotating magnetic fields are used in both electric motors and generators .", "The electric field and the magnetic field are components of the electromagnetic field ." ]
[ "A current-carrying wire feels a force in the presence of a magnetic field .", "Magnetic fields can usually be seen by magnetic flux lines ." ]
[ "The direction of such a magnetic field can be determined by using the `` right hand grip rule '' ( see figure at right ) .", "At all times the direction of the magnetic field is shown by the direction of the magnetic flux lines ." ]
[ "All moving charged particles produce magnetic fields .", "Magnetic fields give power to other particles that are touching the magnetic field ." ]
[ "The true frogs vary greatly in size , ranging from small-such as the wood frog ( Rana sylvatica ) - to the largest frog in the world , the goliath frog ( Conraua goliath ) .", "The largest is the Goliath frog ( Conraua goliath ) ." ]
[ "Typically , true frogs are smooth and moist-skinned , with large , powerful legs and extensively webbed feet .", "Usually , true frogs are smooth , moist-skinned frogs , with large , powerful legs and have webbed feet ." ]