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[ "Another way to describe peak-to-peak amplitude is to say that it is the distance between the maximum positive value and the maximum negative value of a wave .", "For an asymmetric wave ( periodic pulses in one direction , for example ) , the peak amplitude becomes ambiguous . This is because the value is differe...
[ "Octopodiformes is a group of cephalopods with 8 arms .", "All members of Octopodiformes have 8 arms ." ]
[ "Allen Klein ( born December 18 , 1931 - died July 4 , 2009 ) is an American businessman , of Hungarian and Jewish descent .", "Allen Klein ( December 18 , 1931 -- July 4 , 2009 ) was an American businessman , talent agent and record label executive ." ]
[ "It has thallium and sulfate ions in it .", "Thallium ( I ) sulfate is soluble in water and its toxic effects are derived from the thallium ( I ) cation . Since thallium sulfate is a simple powder with indistinctive properties , it can easily be mistaken for more innocuous chemicals ." ]
[ "Thallium ( I ) sulfate , also known as thallous sulfate , is a chemical compound .", "Thallium ( I ) sulfate ( Tl2SO4 ) , archaically known as thallous sulfate , is the sulfate salt of thallium ." ]
[ "Thallium ( I ) sulfate is colorless , odorless , and tasteless . It is very toxic , though .", "It is colorless , odorless , and tasteless , but highly toxic ." ]
[ "The Prince Andrew , Duke of York ( Andrew Albert Christian Edward ; born 19 February 1960 ) is a member of the British Royal Family , the second son of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip , the Duke of Edinburgh .", "The Prince Andrew , Duke of York , ( Andrew Albert Christian Edward ; born 19 February 1960 ) ,...
[ "Annie Edson Taylor ( October 24 , 1838 â `` April 29 , 1921 ) was an American school-teacher and adventurer . She was the first person to go over Niagara Falls in a barrel without dying .", "Annie Edson Taylor ( October 24 , 1838 â `` April 29 , 1921 ) was an American adventurer who became the first person to su...
[ "Bunichiro Abe ( born 2 April 1985 ) is a former Japanese football player .", "Bunichiro Abe is a retired Japanese football player ." ]
[ "Saint-Beno Ã t-d ` HÃ bertot is a commune . It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France .", "Saint-Beno Ã t-d ` HÃ bertot is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France ." ]
[ "Dorothy Mary Hodgkin OM FRS ( 12 May 1910 -- 29 July 1994 ) , nÃ e Crowfoot , was a British chemist , credited with the development of protein crystallography .", "Dorothy Mary Hodgkin OM , FRS ( 12 May 1910 -- 29 July 1994 ) , nÃ e Crowfoot , was a British chemist , credited with the development of protein crys...
[ "X-ray crystallography became a widely used tool and helped to find structures of many biological molecules such as DNA .", "X-ray crystallography became a widely used tool and was critical in later determining the structures of many biological molecules such as DNA where knowledge of structure is critical to an ...
[ "Apart from the Nobel Prize , she was a recipient of the Order of Merit , a recipient of the Copley Medal , and a Fellow of the Royal Society .", "Apart from the Nobel Prize , she was a recipient of the Order of Merit , a recipient of the Copley Medal , a Fellow of the Royal Society , The Lenin Peace Prize , and ...
[ "She confirmed the structure of penicillin , which Ernst Chain had proposed , and she worked out the structure of vitamin B12 . For her work she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry .", "Among her most influential discoveries are the confirmation of the structure of penicillin that Ernst Boris Chain had previ...
[ "Quercus basaseachicensis is a kind of oak tree in the Fagaceae family .", "Quercus basaseachicensis is a species of oak tree in the Fagaceae ( beech ) family ." ]
[ "It is believed to be a cross of Quercus rugosa and Quercus depressipes It is native to Chihuahua and Durango in Mexico , where there are five known small populations ; one in Durango and four in Chihuahua .", "It is thought to be a hybrid of Quercus rugosa and Quercus depressipes . It is native to the states of ...
[ "Shinichiro Tani ( born 13 November 1968 ) is a former Japanese football player .", "Shinichiro Tani ( born November 13 , 1968 ) is a former Japanese football player ." ]
[ "Besides those two regions , the historical region of Tyrol for many centuries also included the areas today known as Bolzano-Bozen and Trento , which were annexed by Italy after World War I. By that , North Tyrol and East Tyrol were effectively cut of from each other .", "Besides those two regions , the historic...
[ "North Tyrol , or North Tirol ( German : Nordtirol ) is the main part of the Austrian state of Tyrol , located in the western part of the country .", "North Tyrol , or North Tirol is the main part of the Austrian state of Tyrol , located in the western part of the country ." ]
[ "Its capital is Innsbruck .", "The provincial capital is Innsbruck ." ]
[ "North Tyrol borders Salzburg in the east , the German state of Bavaria in the north , Vorarlberg in the west , the Swiss canton of GraubÃ 1\\/4 nden in the southwest and Bolzano-Bozen in the south .", "North Tyrol borders Salzburg in the east , the German federal-state of Bavaria in the north , Vorarlberg to the...
[ "Peter ( `` Pete '' ) Shotton was a longtime friend of John Lennon , who founded The Beatles . He later wrote a memoir , John Lennon `` In My Life '' , that was later retitled The Beatles , Lennon and Me .", "Shotton is the co-author of John Lennon : In my Life ( 1983 , republished later as The Beatles , Lennon a...
[ "Lennon counted on Shotton to be a real friend , who was not only around because Lennon was famous or rich . Shotton and Lennon 's wife Cynthia got along well , and Shotton sometimes took Cynthia out for the evening , when Lennon needed to work on music .", "Shotton regularly visited Lennon 's house ( Kenwood ) o...
[ "John Lennon was murdered late in 1980 . When Shotton heard the news , he drove to George Harrison 's home , Friar Park , and spent the day with Harrison .", "Upon hearing the news that Lennon had been murdered on December 8 , 1980 , Shotton visited Harrison at Friar Park , Harrison 's home ." ]
[ "Ashton is a city of Iowa in the United States .", "Ashton is a city in Osceola County , Iowa , United States ." ]
[ "It is in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina .", "It is situated in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina ." ]
[ "MaÄ vanska Mitrovica ( Ð Ð Ñ Ð Ð Ð 1\\/2 Ñ Ð Ð Ð Ð Ñ Ñ Ð 3\\/4 Ð Ð Ñ Ð ) is a town located in the Sremska Mitrovica province , in the Srem , province of Serbia .", "MaÄ vanska Mitrovica ( Serbian Cyrillic : Ð Ð Ñ Ð Ð Ð 1\\/2 Ñ Ð Ð Ð Ð Ñ Ñ Ð 3\\/4 Ð Ð Ñ Ð ) is a town located in the Sremska Mitrovica municipality ...
[ "In the town are around all population : Serbs ethnic and its population numbering 3,896 people ( according to the census 2002 ) .", "The town has a Serb ethnic majority and its population numbering 3,896 people ( 2002 census ) ." ]
[ "The line includes the Tanggula Pass , at 5,072 m ( 16,640 feet ) above sea level the world 's highest rail track and Tanggula Railway Station which is the highest railway station .", "The line includes the Tanggula Pass , which , at 5,072 m ( 16,640 feet ) above sea level , is the world 's highest rail track ." ...
[ "The 3,345-m Yangbajing tunnel is the longest tunnel on the line .", "The 4,010-m Guanjiao tunnel is the longest tunnel from Xining to Golmod and the 3,345-m Yangbajing tunnel is the longest tunnel from Golmod to Lhasa ." ]
[ "The Qingzang railway ( also called Qinghaiâ `` Xizang railway , or Qinghaiâ `` Tibet railway ) is a railway line from Xining , Qinghai Province , to Lhasa in Tibet .", "The Qingzang railway , Qinghaiâ `` Xizang railway , or Qinghaiâ `` Tibet railway , is a high-altitude railway that connects Xining , Qinghai Pro...
[ "The 1,338 m Fenghuoshan tunnel is the highest rail tunnel in the world , at 4,905 m above sea level .", "The 1,338 m Fenghuoshan tunnel is the highest rail tunnel in the world at 4,905 m above sea level ." ]
[ "Along with Lake Sevan in today 's Armenia and Lake Urmia in today 's Iran , Van was one of the three great lakes of the Armenian Kingdom , referred to as the seas of Armenia", "Along with Lake Sevan in today 's Armenia and Lake Urmia in today 's Iran , Van was one of the three great lakes of the Armenian Kingdom...
[ "Lake Van ( Turkish : Van GÃ lÃ 1\\/4 ; ; is the largest lake in Turkey , in the far east of the country .", "Since about 1995 there have been reported sightings of a ` Lake Van monster ' about 15 m in length named Van GÃ lÃ 1\\/4 CanavarÄ ( `` Monster of Lake Van '' ) ." ]
[ "The lake was the center of Urartian kingdom from about 1000 BC and the capital of Urartu , Tushpa , was on the shore of Lake Van ( on the site of the medieval castle of Van , west of Van city ) .", "Tushpa , the capital of Urartu , was located near the shores of Lake Van , on the site of what became medieval Van...
[ "A vice president also takes over if the president is no longer able to conduct his or her duties . In the United States , the current Vice President is Joe Biden .", "The vice president sometimes assumes some of the ceremonial duties of the president , such as attending functions and events that the actual presi...
[ "A vice president is someone who helps the president conduct his duties .", "If the president is not present , dies , resigns , or is otherwise unable to fulfill his or her duties , the vice president will generally serve as president ." ]
[ "Kazumichi Takagi ( born 21 November 1980 ) is a former Japanese football player . He plays for Gamba Osaka .", "Kazumichi Takagi ( é `` æ å ' é `` Kazumichi Takagi , born 21 November 1980 in Yasu , Shiga , Japan ) is a Japanese football defender currently playing for J1 team Gamba Osaka ." ]
[ "The area was heavily forested , hence the name ( Å uma - forest ) .", "The area is heavily covered with forests , hence the name ( from Å uma ` forest ' ) ." ]
[ "Å umadija is located between rivers Sava and Danube in the north , river Velika Morava in the east , river Zapadna Morava in the south , and Kolubara , Ljig and DiÄ ina in the west .", "Å umadija is located between rivers Sava and Danube in the north , river Great Morava in the east , river West Morava in the so...
[ "The first Serbian uprising in 1804 was led by national hero KaraÄ ` orÄ ` e. The second Serbian uprising in 1815 was led by MiloÅ ObrenoviÄ who successfully repelled the Turkish forces and , by 1830 , Serbia had gained its full autonomy .", "The first Serbian uprising in 1804 was led by national hero KaraÄ ` orÄ...
[ "Between 1922 and 1929 , one of the administrative units of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was named Å umadijska Oblast .", "Between 1922 and 1929 , one of the administrative units in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was the Å umadijska Oblast ." ]
[ "png thumb 250px Map of Å umadija region , including its entire geographical area ) ) Å umadija ( Serbian Cyrillic : Ð Ñ Ð 1\\/4 Ð Ð Ð Ñ Ð ) is a geographical region in Serbia .", "Å umadija ( Serbian Cyrillic : Ð Ñ Ð 1\\/4 Ð Ð Ð Ñ Ð ) is a geographical region in Serbia ." ]
[ "Calvin Klein Inc. is an American fashion brand founded in 1968 by Calvin Klein .", "Calvin Klein Inc. is a fashion brand founded in 1968 by Calvin Klein ." ]
[ "`` Spy Hard '' is a song by `` Weird Al '' Yankovic .", "`` Spy Hard '' is a song by `` Weird Al '' Yankovic used as the theme song to the film of the same name ." ]
[ "`` Spy Hard '' is a song by `` Weird Al '' Yankovic . It is a comedic song in the style of spy songs such as James Bond .", "There is a slightly alternate version of the song , which is played during the end credits of Spy Hard where the lyrics are changed from `` The name of this movie is Spy Hard \\/ They call...
[ "Peter Reid is a football manager .", "Peter Reid ( born 20 June 1956 ) is an English football manager , pundit and retired player , who is currently the manager of Plymouth Argyle ." ]
[ "It was first a lighthouse , then a military fort , then a military prison followed by a federal prison . In 1963 , it became a museum .", "Often referred to as The Rock , the small island early-on served as a lighthouse , a military fortification , a military prison , and a Federal Bureau of Prisons federal pris...
[ "Alcatraz Island ( sometimes just called Alcatraz or The Rock ) .", "In modern Spanish , the word alcatraz stands for gannet ." ]
[ "is a small island in San Francisco Bay in California .", "Alcatraz Island is an island located in the San Francisco Bay , 1.5 m offshore from San Francisco , California , United States ." ]
[ "Artonges is a commune . It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France .", "Artonges is a commune in the department of Aisne in Picardy in northern France ." ]
[ "Saint-Andr Ã - Treize-Voies is a commune . It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the VendÃ e department in the west of France .", "Saint-Andr Ã - Goule-d ` Oie is a commune in the VendÃ e department in the Pays de la Loire region in western France ." ]
[ "Lucas Tucci di Grassi ( born 11 August 1984 in SÃ # o Paulo ) is a Brazilian Formula One racing driver .", "Lucas Tucci di Grassi ( born 11 August 1984 in SÃ # o Paulo ) is a Brazilian Formula One racing driver who drove for Virgin Racing in the 2010 Formula One season ." ]
[ "TeÃ filo Cubillas ( born 8 March 1949 ) is a former Peruvian football player .", "TeÃ filo Juan Cubillas Arizaga ( born 8 March 1949 ) is a Peruvian former footballer ." ]
[ "The Frank family moved from Germany to Amsterdam in 1933 . This was the same year as the Nazis grew powerful in Germany .", "The Frank family moved from Germany to Amsterdam in 1933 , the year the Nazis gained control over Germany ." ]
[ "The Franks were Jews , and they lived with many Jewish and non-Jewish citizens .", "The Franks were liberal Jews , did not observe all of the customs and traditions of Judaism , and lived in an assimilated community of Jewish and non-Jewish citizens of various religions ." ]
[ "In 1939 , Edith 's mother came to live with the Franks . She stayed with them until she died in January 1942 .", "In 1939 , Edith 's mother came to live with the Franks , and remained with them until her death in January 1942 ." ]
[ "Therefore , later that year , Edith and the children went to Aachen . They stayed there with Edith 's mother , Rosa HollÃ nder .", "Later that year , Edith and the children went to Aachen , where they stayed with Edith 's mother , Rosa HollÃ nder ." ]
[ "In July 1942 , the Zentralstelle fÃ 1\\/4 r jÃ 1\\/4 dische Auswanderung ( Central Office for Jewish Emigration ) ordered Margot Frank to come to be taken to a work camp .", "In July 1942 , Margot Frank received a call-up notice from the Zentralstelle fÃ 1\\/4 r jÃ 1\\/4 dische Auswanderung ( Central Office for ...
[ "The diary had been given to Anne on her 13th birthday . It tells of her life from 12 June 1942 until 1 August 1944 .", "The diary , which was given to Anne on her 13th birthday , chronicles her life from 12 June 1942 until 1 August 1944 ." ]
[ "Edith Frank was very religious , though her husband was more interested in studying . He had a large library , and both parents encouraged the children to read .", "Edith Frank was the more devout parent , while Otto Frank was interested in scholarly pursuits and had an extensive library ; both parents encourage...
[ "Persecution of Jewish people increased in July 1942 , and the family decided to hide . They hid in the secret rooms of her father Otto Frank 's office building .", "As persecutions of the Jewish population increased in July 1942 , the family went into hiding in the hidden rooms of Anne 's father , Otto Frank 's ...
[ "By February 1934 , Edith and the children had arrived in Amsterdam , and Anne and Margot began going to school . Margot went to public school and Anne went to a Montessori school .", "By February 1934 , Edith and the children had arrived in Amsterdam , and the two girls were enrolled in school â '' Margot in pub...
[ "Otto remained in Frankfurt , but after getting an offer to start a company in Amsterdam , he moved there to begin the business and to find a place to live with his family .", "Otto Frank remained in Frankfurt , but after receiving an offer to start a company in Amsterdam , he moved there to organise the business...
[ "It was actually an autograph book with red-and-green cloth and a small lock on the front , but Frank decided to use it as a diary . She began writing in it almost immediately .", "Although it was an autograph book , bound with red-and-white checkered cloth and with a small lock on the front , Frank decided she w...
[ "Annelies Marie `` Anne '' Frank ( ; 12 June 1929 in Frankfurt am Main -- early March 1945 in Bergen-Belsen ) . Frank is one of the most famous Jewish people who died in the Holocaust .", "Annelies Marie `` Anne '' Frank ( ; 12 June 1929 in Frankfurt am Main â `` early March 1945 in Bergen Belsen ) is one of the ...
[ "In 1938 , Otto Frank started a second company , Pectacon . Pectacon sold herbs , salts and mixed spices that were used to make sausages .", "In 1938 , Otto Frank started a second company , Pectacon , which was a wholesaler of herbs , pickling salts and mixed spices , used in the production of sausages ." ]
[ "For her 13th birthday on 12 June 1942 , Anne Frank got a book she had shown her father a few days ago .", "For her 13th birthday on 12 June 1942 , Frank received a book she had shown her father in a shop window a few days earlier ." ]
[ "By the beginning of 1940 , because of the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands , they were trapped in Amsterdam .", "By the beginning of 1940 , they were trapped in Amsterdam by the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands ." ]
[ "Margot Frank ( 1926 â `` 45 ) was her older sister .", "Margot Frank ( 1926 â `` 45 ) was her elder sister ." ]
[ "It was translated from Dutch and first printed in English in 1952 as The Diary of a Young Girl .", "It was translated from its original Dutch and first published in English in 1952 as The Diary of a Young Girl ." ]
[ "Hermann van Pels worked at Pectacon as a helper about spices .", "Hermann van Pels was employed by Pectacon as an advisor about spices ." ]
[ "It showed her experiences hiding during the German occupation of the Netherlands in World War II .", "She gained international fame posthumously following the publication of her diary , which documents her experiences hiding during the German occupation of the Netherlands in World War II ." ]
[ "Anne was born in the city Frankfurt am Main in Weimar Germany . She lived most of her life in or around Amsterdam , in the Netherlands .", "Born in the city of Frankfurt am Main in Weimar Germany , she lived most of her life in or near Amsterdam , in the Netherlands ." ]
[ "After two years , they were betrayed and taken to concentration camps .", "After two years , the group was betrayed and transported to concentration camps ." ]
[ "The Franks were included in the 300,000 Jews who ran away from Germany between 1933 and 1939 .", "The Franks were among approximately 300,000 Jews who fled Germany between 1933 and 1939 ." ]
[ "Anne and her sister , Margot , were later taken to the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp . There , they both died from typhus in March 1945 .", "Anne Frank and her sister , Margot , were eventually transferred to the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp , where they both died of typhus in March 1945 ." ]
[ "Otto Frank told his family that they would hide in rooms above and behind the place where his company worked on the Prinsengracht . The Prinsengracht was a street next to one of Amsterdam 's canals , where some of his most trusted employees would help them .", "Otto Frank told his family that they would go into ...
[ "Otto Frank was the only person in his family who survived . He went back to Amsterdam after the war and found that Anne 's diary had been saved .", "Otto Frank , the only survivor of the family , returned to Amsterdam after the war to find that Anne 's diary had been saved , and his efforts led to its publicatio...
[ "Anne Frank was born on 12 June 1929 in Frankfurt , Germany . She was the second daughter of Otto Frank ( 1889 -- 1980 ) , a German businessman , and Edith Frank-Holl Ã nder ( 1900 -- 45 ) .", "Anne Frank was born on 12 June 1929 in Frankfurt , Germany , the second daughter of Otto Frank ( 1889 â `` 1980 ) and Ed...
[ "Her diary is seen as a classic in war literature , and is one of the most widely read books today . Several plays and films have been made about it .", "Acknowledged for the quality of her writing , her diary has become one of the world 's most widely read books , and has been the basis for several plays and fil...
[ "Opteka was a company that sold pectin . Otto Frank found an apartment on the Merwedeplein ( Merwede Square ) in Amsterdam .", "Otto Frank began working at the Opekta Works , a company that sold fruit extract pectin , and found an apartment on the Merwedeplein ( Merwede Square ) in Amsterdam ." ]
[ "On 13 March 1933 , elections were held in Frankfurt , and Adolf Hitler 's Nazi Party won .", "On 13 March 1933 , elections were held in Frankfurt for the municipal council , and Adolf Hitler 's Nazi Party won ." ]
[ "It has been translated into many languages .", "It has since been translated into many languages ." ]
[ "She was officially seen as a German until 1941 . This was when she lost her nationality because of the anti-Semitic rules of Nazi Germany .", "By nationality , she was officially considered a German until 1941 , when she lost her nationality owing to the anti-Semitic policies of Nazi Germany ( the Nuremberg Laws...
[ "John Cabell Breckinridge ( January 16 , 1821 -- May 17 , 1875 ) was a lawyer , Representative , Senator for the United States and the Vice President of the United States .", "John Cabell Breckinridge ( January 16 , 1821 -- May 17 , 1875 ) was an American lawyer and politician ." ]
[ "Wrought iron is a type of iron .", "Furthermore , sheet wrought iron can not bend as much as steel sheet metal ( when cold worked ) . Wrought iron can be cast , however there is no engineering advantage as compared to cast iron ; cast iron is much easier to produce and thus cheaper , so it is exclusively chosen ...
[ "Wrought iron is a type of iron . It has a very little carbon in it .", "In Table 1 , the chemical composition of wrought iron is compared to that of pig iron and carbon steel ." ]
[ "It is tough , malleable , ductile , and can be welded easily .", "Wrought iron is tough , malleable , ductile and easily welded ." ]
[ "The Lithuanian Wikipedia is the Lithuanian language edition of Wikipedia .", "The Lithuanian Wikipedia is the Lithuanian version of Wikipedia ." ]
[ "GieÃ en or Giessen is a city in the German state of Hesse .", "As of September 28 , 2007 , the GieÃ en Depot , and all other communities in the greater GieÃ en area were turned back over to the local German authorities ." ]
[ "Saale is the name of two rivers in Germany : Saale in Thuringia and Saxony-Anhalt ( German : SÃ chsische Saale ) and the Saale in Northern Bavaria ( German : FrÃ nkische Saale ) .", "The Saale , also known as the Saxon Saale and Thuringian Saale , is a river in Germany and a left-bank tributary of the Elbe ." ]
[ "Le Tuzan is a commune . It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France .", "Le Tuzan is a commune in the Gironde department in Aquitaine in south-western France ." ]
[ "Katsuyoshi Shinto ( born 15 September 1960 ) is a former Japanese football player .", "Katsuyoshi Shinto ( born September 15 , 1960 ) is a former Japanese football player ." ]
[ "MarÅ `` uil is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France .", "MarÅ `` uil ( or Maroeuil ) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France ." ]
[ "Fosseux is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France .", "Fosseux is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France ." ]
[ "Around the world , some nuclear meltdowns have occurred .", "Within the former Soviet Union , several nuclear meltdowns of differing severity have occurred ." ]
[ "A nuclear meltdown describes a malfunction of a nuclear reactor . A nuclear meltdown occurs when the middle portion of the nuclear reactor ( its `` core '' ) is not properly cooled .", "A nuclear meltdown is an informal term for a severe nuclear reactor accident that results in core damage from overheating ." ]
[ "The evolution of the peppered moth has been studied in detail over the last two hundred years .", "The evolution of the peppered moth over the last two hundred years has been studied in detail ." ]
[ "Due to the pollution during the Industrial Revolution in England , many of the lichens died out , and the trees that peppered moths rested on became blackened by soot , causing most of the light-colored moths , or typica , to die off from predation .", "However , because of widespread pollution during the Indust...

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