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[ "His poems were admired but it was his next collection , four years later in 1826 ( Odes et Ballades ) which revealed Hugo to be a great poet .", "Though the poems were admired for their spontaneous fervor and fluency , it was the collection that followed four years later in 1826 ( Odes et Ballades ) that reveale...
[ "Hugo was very influenced by FranÃ ois-Ren Ã de Chateaubriand , the famous Romantic writer , during the early 1800s .", "Like many young writers of his generation , Hugo was profoundly influenced by FranÃ ois-Ren Ã de Chateaubriand , the famous figure in the literary movement of Romanticism and France 's preÃ `` ...
[ "The critical establishment was generally hostile to the novel ; Taine found it insincere , Barbey d'Aurevilly complained of its vulgarity , Flaubert found within it `` neither truth nor greatness , '' the Goncourts lambasted its artificiality , and Baudelaire - despite giving favorable reviews in newspapers - cast...
[ "je ne l'ai plus ! '", "je ne l'ai plus !" ]
[ "Well over one thousand musical compositions have been inspired by Hugoâ s works from the 1800s until the present day .", "Well over one thousand musical compositions have been inspired by Hugo 's works from the 19th century until the present day ." ]
[ "Although for various reasons the opera closed soon after its fifth performance and is little known today , it has been recently enjoying a revival , both in a piano\\/song concert version by Liszt at the Festival international Victor Hugo et Ã gaux 2007 and in a full orchestral version to be presented in July 2008...
[ "The 1848 Revolution made Hugo rebel against his Catholic Royalist education . After that revolution , he prefered Republicanism and Freethought .", "It was only later , during the events leading up to France 's 1848 Revolution , that he would begin to rebel against his Catholic Royalist education and instead cha...
[ "After , he wrote many poems about his daughter 's life and death .", "He wrote many poems afterwards about his daughter 's life and death , and at least one biographer claims he never completely recovered from it ." ]
[ "He was an atheist republican and considered NapolÃ on a hero . His mother was an extreme Catholic Royalist .", "He was an atheist republican who considered NapolÃ on a hero ; his mother was an extreme Catholic Royalist who is believed to have taken as her lover General Victor Lahorie , who was executed in 1812 f...
[ "Hugo 's passion and eloquence in his early work made him successful and famous at an early age .", "The precocious passion and eloquence of Hugo 's early work brought success and fame at an early age ." ]
[ "I will see that instant until I die , that instant -- too much for tears !", "I will see that instant until I die , that instantâ '' too much for tears !" ]
[ "Sophie separated temporarily from LÃ opold in 1803 , as it was not an easy life . She settled in Paris .", "Weary of the constant moving required by military life , and at odds with her husband 's lack of Catholic beliefs , Sophie separated temporarily from LÃ opold in 1803 and settled in Paris ." ]
[ "He is buried in the PanthÃ on , in Paris .", "He is buried in the PanthÃ on ." ]
[ "NapolÃ on became Emperor two years after Hugo 's birth . The Bourbon Monarchy was restored When he was 17 .", "NapolÃ on was proclaimed Emperor two years after Hugo 's birth , and the Bourbon Monarchy was restored before his thirteenth birthday ." ]
[ "Hugo 's father was an officer . He ranked very high in Napoleon 's army .", "The opposing political and religious views of Hugo 's parents reflected the forces that would battle for supremacy in France throughout his life : Hugo 's father was an officer who ranked very high in Napoleon 's army ." ]
[ "His first collection of poetry ( Odes et poÃ sies diverses ) was published in 1822 . At the time , Hugo was only twenty years old .", "His first collection of poetry ( Odes et poÃ sies diverses ) was published in 1822 , when Hugo was only twenty years old , and earned him a royal pension from Louis XVIII ." ]
[ "Pierrepont , Calvados is a commune . It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France .", "Pierrepont is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France ." ]
[ "This lake was created when Namal Dam was constructed in 1913 .", "It was formed following the construction of Namal Dam in 1913 ." ]
[ "Valhuon is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France .", "Valhuon is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France ." ]
[ "The Miocene boundaries are not set at any particular world wide event . They are set at regional boundaries between the warmer Oligocene and the cooler Pliocene epochs .", "The Miocene boundaries are not marked by a single distinct global event but consist rather of regional boundaries between the warmer Oligoce...
[ "As the earth cooled , it went from the Oligocene epoch , through the Miocene , and into the Pliocene .", "The earth went from the Oligocene Epoch through the Miocene and into the Pliocene as it cooled into a series of Ice Ages ." ]
[ "Its name comes from the Greek words ( ' , â lessâ ) and ( ' , â newâ ) and means `` less recent '' , because it has 18 % fewer modern sea invertebrates than the Pliocene .", "Its name comes from the Greek words ( ' , â lessâ ) and ( ' , â newâ ) and means `` less recent '' because it has 18 % fewer modern sea in...
[ "Laval-en-Laonnois is a commune . It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France .", "Laval-en-Laonnois is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France ." ]
[ "However , it is considered a good design for a cipher to have no weak keys ( `` quality chiper '' ) .", "Nevertheless , it is considered desirable for a cipher to have no weak keys ." ]
[ "Weak keys usually represent a very small fraction of the overall key space , which means that if someone generates a random key to encrypt a message , it is a rare condition that weak keys will cause a security problem .", "Weak keys usually represent a very small fraction of the overall keyspace , which usually...
[ "In cryptography , a weak key is a key which when used with a specific cipher , makes the cipher behave in some undesirable way , and simplifies breaking ( cracking ) the ciphertext .", "In cryptography , a weak key is a key , which , used with a specific cipher , makes the cipher behave in some undesirable way ....
[ "Teton is a city of Idaho in the United States .", "Teton is a city in Fremont County , Idaho , United States ." ]
[ "Joan Geraldine Bennett ( February 27 , 1910 -- December 7 , 1990 ) was an Emmy-nominated American film actress who appeared in more than 70 Hollywood films from the silent era to talkies , from color to the advent of television and epic films .", "Joan Geraldine Bennett ( February 27 , 1910 â `` December 7 , 199...
[ "Bennett has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for services to Motion Pictures , at 6310 Hollywood Boulevard .", "She has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for her work in Motion Pictures , at 6310 Hollywood Boulevard , Hollywood ." ]
[ "During the search to find an actress to play Scarlett O'Hara in Gone with the Wind , Bennett was tested and impressed producer David O. Selznick . She was briefly considered to be a front runner for this part but Selznick eventually turned his attention to Paulette Goddard , who was then rejected in favor of Vivie...
[ "In 1951 Wanger shot and injured Bennett 's new MCA agent , Jennings Lang ( 1915-1996 ) , with whom she had allegedly begun an affair . The resulting scandal hurt her career much more than Wanger 's , according to the double standards toward women of the time .", "In 1951 , Bennett 's screen career was marred by ...
[ "Joan Bennett had three distinct phases to her long and successful career , first as a winsome blonde ingenue , then as a brunette femme fatale and , finally , as a warm-hearted wife\\/mother figure .", "Bennett had three distinct phases to her long and successful career , first as a winsome blonde ingenue , then...
[ "She may be best known and loved for her film noir femme fatale roles in films by director Fritz Lang .", "She is possibly best-remembered for her film noir femme fatale roles in director Fritz Lang 's movies such as The Woman in the Window ( 1944 ) and Scarlet Street ( 1945 ) ." ]
[ "Bennett died from a heart attack in Scarsdale , New York at the age of 80 , and was buried in Pleasant View Cemetery , Lyme , Connecticut .", "Bennett died at age 80 from a heart attack at her home in Scarsdale , New York . She is interred in Pleasant View Cemetery , Lyme , Connecticut , with her parents ." ]
[ "In return for this , Charlotte taught English and Emily taught music .", "In return for board and tuition , Charlotte taught English and Emily taught music ." ]
[ "Charlotte BrontÃ `` was the third child of Patrick BrontÃ `` ( formerly `` Patrick Brunty '' ) , an Irish Anglican clergyman , and his wife , Maria nÃ e Branwell .", "Charlotte was born in Thornton , Yorkshire in 1816 , the third of six children , to Maria ( nÃ e Branwell ) and her husband Patrick BrontÃ `` ( fo...
[ "This stay was not happy . She became lonely , homesick and deeply attached to Constantin Heger .", "Her second stay at the boarding school was not a happy one ; she became lonely , homesick and deeply attached to Constantin Heger ." ]
[ "Charlotte BrontÃ `` ( 21 April 1816 -- 31 March 1855 ) was an English novelist and poet .", "Charlotte BrontÃ `` ( ; 21 April 1816 -- 31 March 1855 ) was an English novelist and poet , the eldest of the three BrontÃ `` sisters , whose novels are English literature standards ." ]
[ "Their time at the pensionnat was cut short when Elizabeth Branwell , their aunt , died in October 1842 .", "Their time at the boarding school was cut short when Elizabeth Branwell , their aunt who joined the family after the death of their mother to look after the children , died of internal obstruction in Octob...
[ "In 1842 she and Emily traveled to Brussels to enroll in a pensionnat ( boarding school ) run by Constantin Heger ( 1809 â `` 1896 ) and his wife Claire ZoÃ Parent Heger ( 1814 â `` 1891 ) .", "In 1842 she and Emily traveled to Brussels to enroll in a boarding school run by Constantin Heger ( 1809 -- 96 ) and his...
[ "At home in Haworth Parsonage , Charlotte and the other living children ( Branwell , Emily and Anne ) began writing about the lives and struggles of the dwellers of their imaginary kingdoms .", "She and the other surviving children -- Branwell , Emily , and Anne â '' began chronicling the lives and struggles of t...
[ "In April 1821 , the family moved a few miles to Haworth . Patrick had been appointed Perpetual Curate there .", "In 1820 , the family moved a few miles to Haworth , where Patrick had been appointed Perpetual Curate ." ]
[ "She finally returned to Haworth in January 1844 and later used her time at the pensionnat as the inspiration for some of The Professor and Villette .", "She finally returned to Haworth in January 1844 and later used her time at the boarding school as the inspiration for some of The Professor and Villette ." ]
[ "In August 1824 , Charlotte was sent with three of her sisters to the Clergy Daughters ' School at Cowan Bridge in Lancashire . She described it as Lowood School in her novel Jane Eyre .", "In August 1824 , Charlotte was sent with three of her sisters , Emily , Maria , and Elizabeth , to the Clergy Daughters ' Sc...
[ "She first published her works , including Jane Eyre , under the pseudonym ( false name ) of Currer Bell .", "She wrote Jane Eyre under the pen name Currer Bell ." ]
[ "Charlotte returned alone to Brussels in January 1843 to be a teacher at the pensionnat .", "Charlotte returned alone to Brussels in January 1843 to take up a teaching post at the boarding school ." ]
[ "Maria Branwell BrontÃ `` died of cancer on 15 September 1821 . She left her five daughters and a son to be looked after by her sister Elizabeth Branwell .", "Mrs. BrontÃ `` died of cancer on 15 September 1821 , leaving five daughters and a son to be taken care of by her aunt Elizabeth Branwell ." ]
[ "Charlotte and Branwell wrote Byronic stories about their country â '' Angria & mdash . Emily and Anne wrote articles and poems about theirs Gondal .", "Charlotte and Branwell wrote Byronic stories about their country â '' Angria â '' and Emily and Anne wrote articles and poems about theirs â '' Gondal ." ]
[ "The poor conditions of the school permanently affected Charlotte 's health according to her . She thought it led to the early deaths of her two elder sisters , Maria ( born 1814 ) and Elizabeth ( born 1815 ) .", "Its poor conditions , Charlotte maintained , permanently affected her health and physical developmen...
[ "The Indies is a word used for places in South and Southeast Asia , including Indian Union , Pakistan , Bangladesh , Myanmar , Sri Lanka , the Maldives and also Thailand , Cambodia , Laos , Brunei , Singapore , the Philippines , East Timor , Malaysia and Indonesia .", "The Indies is a term that has been used to d...
[ "The number killed , 347 , was almost one-third of the English population of Jamestown . They were killed by a number of surprise attacks by the Powhatan Confederacy ( a Native American tribe ) , who were ruled by Chief Opechancanough .", "Chief Opechancanough led a coordinated series of surprise attacks of the P...
[ "The Indian massacre of 1622 ( also known as the Jamestown Massacre ) was an event where around 347 people were killed in the Virginia Colony of North America on Good Friday , March 22 , 1622 .", "The Indian Massacre of 1622 occurred in the Colony of Virginia , in what now belongs to the United States of America ...
[ "He was also briefly the provisional president of Georgia in 1777 , and Gwinnett County ( now a major suburb of metro Atlanta ) was named after him .", "He was also , briefly , the provisional president of Georgia in 1777 , and Gwinnett County ( now a major suburb of metropolitan Atlanta ) was named for him ." ]
[ "Button Gwinnett ( baptized : April 10 , 1735 â `` May 19 , 1777 ) , was second of the signatories ( first signature on the left ) on the United States Declaration of Independence as a representative of Georgia .", "Button Gwinnett ( 1735 -- May 19 , 1777 ) was an English-born American political leader who , as a...
[ "Some additives have been used for centuries , like salting fish or using vinegar to preserve vegetables ( called pickling ) .", "Food additives are substances added to food to preserve flavor or enhance its taste and appearance . Some additives have been used for centuries ; for example , preserving food by pick...
[ "The term PAL is often used informally to refer to a 625-line\\/50 Hz ( 576i , principally European ) television system , and to tell it apart from a 525-line\\/60 Hz ( 480i , principally North American\\/Central American\\/Japanese ) NTSC system .", "The term PAL is often used informally to refer to a 625-line\\...
[ "Accordingly , DVDs are labeled as either PAL or NTSC . This labeling is informally referring to the line count and frame rate even though technically the European discs do not have PAL composite color .", "Accordingly , DVDs are labeled as either PAL or NTSC ( referring informally to the line count and frame rat...
[ "Thomson also bought the Compagnie GÃ nÃ rale de TÃ lÃ vision where Henri de France developed SECAM . SECAM is the first European color television standard .", "Thomson also bought the Compagnie GÃ nÃ rale de TÃ lÃ vision where Henri de France developed SECAM , the first European Standard for color television ." ...
[ "The goal was to make a color TV standard with a picture frequency of 50 fields per second ( 50 hertz ) , and a better color picture than NTSC .", "The goal was to provide a color TV standard for the European picture frequency of 50 fields per second ( 50 hertz ) , and finding a way to eliminate the problems with...
[ "`` Smells Like Nirvana '' is a song by `` Weird Al '' Yankovic .", "MTV : What about Weird Al 's `` Smells Like Nirvana '' ?" ]
[ "`` Smells Like Nirvana '' is a song by `` Weird Al '' Yankovic . It is a parody of `` Smells Like Teen Spirit '' by Nirvana .", "`` Smells Like Nirvana '' is a parody of Nirvana 's `` Smells Like Teen Spirit '' written and performed by `` Weird Al '' Yankovic ." ]
[ "Any image that is found to have manipulation that materially affects its encyclopedic value should be posted to Requests for deletion .", "Any manipulated image where the encyclopedic value is materially affected should be posted to Files for deletion ." ]
[ "Original images created by a Wikipedia editor are not usually considered original research â `` as long as they do not illustrate or introduce unpublished ideas or arguments , the core reason behind the NOR policy .", "Original images created by a Wikipedian are not considered original research , so long as they...
[ "It is not acceptable for an editor to use photo manipulation to try to distort the facts or position being illustrated by a contributed photo .", "It is not acceptable for an editor to use photo manipulation to distort the facts or position illustrated by an image ." ]
[ "A summary of extensive discussion should reflect the conclusions of the source 's author ( s ) .", "A summary of extensive discussion should reflect the conclusions of the source ." ]
[ "For example , an article about a novel may cite passages from the novel to describe the plot , but any interpretation of those passages needs a secondary source .", "For example , an article about a novel may cite passages to describe the plot , but any interpretation needs a secondary source ." ]
[ "If no reliable third-party sources can be found on an article topic , Wikipedia should not have an article about it .", "If no reliable third-party sources can be found on a topic , Wikipedia should not have an article about it ." ]
[ ": Our policy : Tertiary sources can be helpful in providing broad summaries of topics that involve many primary and secondary sources .", ": : Reliably published tertiary sources can be helpful in providing broad summaries of topics that involve many primary and secondary sources , especially when those sources ...
[ "In other words , that precise analysis must have been published by a reliable source in relation to the topic before it can be published in Wikipedia by a contributor .", "In other words , that precise analysis must have been published by a reliable source in relation to the topic before it can be published on W...
[ "Even with well-sourced material , however , if you use it out of context or to advance a position that is not directly and explicitly supported by the source used , you as an editor are engaging in original research ; see below .", "Even with well-sourced material , if you use it out of context , or to advance a...
[ "The others are neutral point of view and verifiability . Together , these policies determine the type and quality of material that is acceptable in articles .", "`` No original research '' ( NOR ) is one of three core content policies , along with Neutral point of view and Verifiability , that jointly determine ...
[ "Without a secondary source , a primary source may be used only to make descriptive claims , the accuracy of which is verifiable by a reasonable , educated person without specialist knowledge .", "A primary source may only be used on Wikipedia to make straightforward , descriptive statements that any educated per...
[ "The only way you can show that your edit does not come under this category is to produce a reliable published source that contains that same material .", "The only way you can show your edit is not original research is to cite a reliable published source that contains the same material ." ]
[ "Wikipedia editors are encouraged to take photographs or draw pictures or diagrams and upload them , releasing them under the GFDL or another free license , to illustrate articles .", "Editors are therefore encouraged to upload their own images , releasing them under the GFDL , CC-BY-SA , or other free licenses ....
[ "Some tertiary sources may be more reliable than others , and within any given tertiary source , some articles may be more reliable than others .", "Some tertiary sources are more reliable than others , and within any given tertiary source , some articles may be more reliable than others ." ]
[ "Wikipedia articles should rely mainly on published reliable secondary sources and , to a lesser extent , on tertiary sources .", "Wikipedia articles should be based on reliable , published secondary sources and , to a lesser extent , on tertiary sources ." ]
[ ": Our policy : Primary sources that have been reliably published ( for example , by a university press or mainstream newspaper ) may be used in Wikipedia , but only with care , because it is easy to misuse them .", ": : Unless restricted by another policy , primary sources that have been reliably published may b...
[ "Articles may include analytic , synthetic , interpretive , explanatory , or evaluative claims so long as they have been published by a reliable secondary source .", "Articles may make analytic or evaluative claims only if these have been published by a reliable secondary source ." ]
[ "Article statements generally should not rely on unclear or inconsistent passages nor on passing comments .", "In general , article statements should not rely on unclear or inconsistent passages , or on passing comments ." ]
[ "Because of copyright law in a number of countries , there are relatively few existing images publicly available for use in Wikipedia .", "Because of copyright laws in a number of countries , there are relatively few images available for use in Wikipedia ." ]
[ "Research that consists of collecting and organizing material from existing sources within the provisions of this and other content policies is encouraged : this is `` source-based research '' , and it is fundamental to writing an encyclopedia .", "Research that consists of collecting and organizing material from...
[ "Material that is self-published , whether on paper or online , is generally not regarded as reliable , but see these sections of Verifiability for exceptions .", "Self-published material , whether on paper or online , is generally not regarded as reliable , but see self-published sources for exceptions ." ]
[ "In general the most reliable sources are peer-reviewed journals and books published in university presses ; university-level textbooks ; magazines , journals , and books published by respected publishing houses ; and mainstream newspapers .", "In general , the most reliable sources are : peer-reviewed journals ;...
[ "Deciding whether primary , secondary or tertiary sources are more suitable on any given occasion is a matter of common sense and good editorial judgment , and should be discussed on article talk pages .", "Deciding whether primary , secondary or tertiary sources are appropriate on any given occasion is a matter ...
[ "Take care , however , not to go beyond what is expressed in the sources or to use them in ways inconsistent with the intent of the source , such as using material out of context .", "Take care not to go beyond what is expressed in the sources , or to use them in ways inconsistent with the intention of the source...
[ "Editors should not make the mistake of thinking that if A is published by a reliable source , and B is published by a reliable source , then A and B can be joined together in an article to reach conclusion C. This would be a synthesis of published material that advances a new position , and that constitutes origin...
[ "For this reason , they should not be interpreted standing alone , but only together . Editors should familiarize themselves with all three .", "Because these policies work in harmony , they should not be interpreted in isolation from one another , and editors should try to familiarize themselves with all three ....
[ "This policy does not forbid routine calculations , such as adding numbers , converting units , or calculating a person 's age , provided editors agree that the arithmetic and its application correctly reflect the information published by the sources from which it is derived .", "This policy allows routine mathem...
[ "Any material that is challenged or likely to be challenged must be supported by a reliable source . Material for which no reliable source can be found is considered original research .", "The policy says that all material challenged or likely to be challenged , including quotations , needs a reliable source ; wh...
[ "Articles and posts on Wikipedia , or on websites that mirror its content , may not be used as sources , see Verifiability # Wikipedia and sources that mirror or source information from Wikipedia .", "Wikipedia articles may not be used as tertiary sources in other Wikipedia articles , but are sometimes used as pr...
[ "The second paragraph was original research because it expressed the editor 's opinion that , given the Harvard manual 's definition of plagiarism , Jones did not commit it .", "The second paragraph is original research because it expresses a Wikipedia editor 's opinion that , given the Harvard manual 's definiti...
[ "Saint-Juire-Champgillon is a commune . It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the VendÃ e department in the west of France .", "Saint-Juire-Champgillon is a commune in the VendÃ e department in the Pays de la Loire region in western France ." ]
[ "Surry , Virginia is a town of Virginia in the United States .", "Surry ( formerly Cross Roads , McIntosh 's Cross Roads , McIntoshs Cross Roads , Scuffletown , Smithville , Surry Court House , and The Crossroads ) is an incorporated town in Surry County , Virginia , United States ." ]
[ "This list includes common breeds , rare breeds , and breeds that are still being developed into new breeds .", "Breeds listed here may be traditional breeds with long histories as registered breeds , rare breeds with their own registries , or new breeds that may still be under development ." ]
[ "People have carefully bred dogs for thousands of years . Sometimes they inbreed dogs who have the same close ancestors , and sometimes they mix dogs from very different ancestors or even from different breeds .", "Dogs have been selectively bred for thousands of years , sometimes by inbreeding dogs from the same...
[ "Glamorgan , also known as Glamorganshire is a county in Wales .", "Glamorgan or Glamorganshire ( or ) is one of the thirteen historic counties and a former administrative county of Wales ." ]
[ "The administrative county of Glamorgan existed until April 1 , 1974 . It was replaced with three new counties called Mid Glamorgan , South Glamorgan and West Glamorgan .", "Under the Local Government Act 1972 , the county boroughs and administrative county of Glamorgan were abolished on 1 April 1974 , with three...
[ "Glamorgan was a medieval kingdom .", "It was originally an early medieval kingdom of varying boundaries known as Glywysing until taken over by the Normans as a lordship . Glamorgan is latterly represented by the three preserved counties of West Glamorgan , Mid Glamorgan and South Glamorgan ." ]
[ "It was replaced with three new counties called Mid Glamorgan , South Glamorgan and West Glamorgan .", "Glamorgan is latterly represented by the three preserved counties of West Glamorgan , Mid Glamorgan and South Glamorgan ." ]
[ "Also a whole buffer of data is usually transferred sequentially ( for example to hard disk ) , so buffering itself sometimes increases transfer performance .", "Also a whole buffer of data is usually transferred sequentially ( for example to hard disk ) , so buffering itself sometimes increases transfer performa...

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