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[ "Some of the best known passes are Great St. Bernard Pass at 2473 m in the Alps , the Khyber Pass at 1027 m between Afghanistan and Pakistan , and the Khardung La at 5359 m in Jammu and Kashmir , India .", "There are thousands of named passes around the world , some of which are well-known , such as the Great St....
[ "As well as making travel easy between valleys , passes also provide a route between two mountain tops so it is common for tracks to meet at a pass ; this often makes them good routes even when traveling between a summit and the valley floor .", "As well as offering relatively easy travel between valleys , passes...
[ "They are often found just above the source of a river , making a sort of `` bridge '' over to the headwaters of another river .", "Passes are often found just above the source of a river , constituting a sort of `` bridge '' over to the headwaters of a different river ." ]
[ "CÃ zac , Gironde is a commune . It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France .", "CÃ zac is a commune in the Gironde department in Aquitaine in south-western France ." ]
[ "Fukufuji was born in Japan and is the first Japanese player to play in a NHL game .", "Fukufuji was the first Japanese player to appear in a National Hockey League game ." ]
[ "Fiqh or Islamic jurisprudence ( Arabic : Ù Ù Ù ) is an expansion of Sharia law and is meant to be used with fatwas by Islamic clerics ( known as ` Ulema ' in Arabic ) to help Muslims not break Sharia law . Fiqh is a section of Islamic law which deals with acts of Muslim , that includes both worship and daily life ...
[ "Sacramento is a city of Kentucky in the United States .", "Sacramento is a city in McLean County , Kentucky , United States ." ]
[ "USS Arizona ( BB-39 ) was one of three ships in the history of the United States Navy to be named USS Arizona . It was the only one of the three to be named that after Arizona became a U.S. state .", "Arizona has been the name of three ships of the United States Navy ." ]
[ "Hattem received city rights in 1299 , one year before Amsterdam .", "Hattem received city rights in 1299 ." ]
[ "Rena Sinakin ( born March 1949 ) is an American singer , songwriter and record producer .", "Rena Sinakin Oliver ( born March 1949 ) is an American record producer , singer\\/songwriter and artist ." ]
[ "She produced Gladys Knight and the Pips , McFadden and Whitehead and John Lennon 's band Elephants Memory .", "Oliver became the first female to produce a major act when she produced the 1978 album The One and Only by Gladys Knight and the Pips . She acted as producer with John Lennon 's band Elephant 's Memory ...
[ "Pentecostalism is similar to the Charismatic movement , but developed earlier and separated from the mainstream church . Charismatic Christians , at least in the early days of the movement , tended to remain in their respective denominations .", "Pentecostalism is theologically and historically close to the char...
[ "He is a columnist for a Dutch language website .", "He is currently a columnist for a Dutch language website , where he writes his own blog each week ." ]
[ "He studied political sciences at the University of Amsterdam and has been working at the group Leaderships Art at the University of Leiden since 1984 .", "He has been working at the group Leaderships Art at the University of Leiden since 1984 ." ]
[ "De Vries was promoted and got his degree in 1989 from dr. H. Daudt . en dr. H. Daalder for the article he wrote on `` Ground Politics and Cabinet Crisis in the Netherlands '' .", "De Vries obtained his PhD in 1989 from H. Daudt and H. Daalder on the article he wrote on `` Ground Politics '' ( later made into a n...
[ "He teaches students at Leiden University . He is a professor on Political Sciences ( Dutch : Hoogleraar ) and teaching is his profession .", "He teaches students at Leiden University in his role as a Professor of political science ( Dutch : Hoogleraar ) ." ]
[ "He almost became faction leader of the Partij van de Arbeid ( the Dutch Labor Party ) , but narrowly lost to Wouter Bos .", "In 2002 he was a candidate for the leadership of the Partij van de Arbeid , but got only two percent of the votes of the party members against sixty percent for the chosen leader Wouter Bo...
[ "Charlize Theron is a South African actress . She was born 7 August 1975 .", "Charlize Theron ( ; born 7 August 1975 ) is a South African actress , film producer and former fashion model ." ]
[ "This species is found in prairies and open woodlands , usually in sandy soil . It is about 0.3 to 0.9 meters in height ( 1-3 feet ) .", "Its found grown in dry fields and open woods , usually in sandy soil and 1-3 feet in height ." ]
[ "Clasping Milkweed has poison that is dangerous to humans and livestock .", "It contains a poison dangerous to humans and livestock , special care must be taken when using this plant ." ]
[ "Clasping Milkweed ( Asclepias amplexicaulis ) is a species of milkweed plant . It is also known as Blunt-leaved Milkweed and Sand Milkweed .", "Asclepias amplexicaulis ( Blunt-leaved Milkweed , Clasping Milkweed ) is a species of milkweed , in the subfamily Asclepiadaceae , which is cited as a wildflower native ...
[ "The Third Servile War was the only which was dangerous for Italia itself and was doubly alarming to the Roman people because the slaves won several battles against the Roman army between 73 and 71 BC .", "The Third Servile War was the only one to directly threaten the Roman heartland of Italy and was doubly alar...
[ "The Third Servile War , also called the Gladiator War and The War of Spartacus by Plutarch , was the last of several unsuccessful slave rebellions against the Roman Republic .", "The Third Servile War ( 73-71 BC ) , also called the Gladiator War and the War of Spartacus by Plutarch , was the last of a series of ...
[ "His statement was completely proven by Pafnuty Chebyshev in 1850 . For this reason , the postulate is also called the Bertrand-Chebyshev theorem or Chebyshev 's theorem .", "His conjecture was completely proved by Chebyshev ( 1821 â `` 1894 ) in 1850 and so the postulate is also called the Bertrand-Chebyshev the...
[ "Bertrand 's postulate states that if n ) 3 is an integer , then there always exists at least one prime number p with n ( p ( 2n â ' 2 .", "Bertrand 's postulate ( actually a theorem ) states that if n ) 3 is an integer , then there always exists at least one prime number p with n 1 there is always at least one p...
[ "Ramanujan later used that proof when he discovered Ramanujan primes . In 1932 , Paul ErdÅ ` s published a simpler proof using the Chebyshev function Î ( x ) .", "Ramanujan ( 1887 -- 1920 ) used properties of the Gamma function to give a simpler proof , from which the concept of Ramanujan primes would later arise...
[ "Toru Chishima ( born 11 May 1981 ) is a former Japanese football player .", "Toru Chishima is a Japanese footballer ." ]
[ "Named as a portmanteau of the letters of the states that occupy it , it is almost 300 by 100 km or about 180 by 60 miles , and is bordered by the Chesapeake Bay on the west , and the Delaware River , Delaware Bay , and Atlantic Ocean on the east .", "The peninsula is almost 180 by 60 miles ( 300 by 100 km ) , an...
[ "The Delmarva Peninsula is a large peninsula on the East Coast of the United States , made up by parts of three U.S. states : Delaware , Maryland , and Virginia .", "The Delmarva Peninsula is a large peninsula on the East Coast of the United States , occupied by Delaware and portions of Maryland and Virginia ." ]
[ "Fay moved into the Gulf of Mexico and then made her fourth and final landfall in Florida on August 23 .", "Fay then emerged into the northeastern Gulf of Mexico and made its fourth landfall on the morning of August 23 near Carrabelle in the Florida Panhandle ." ]
[ "It did not become a tropical depression until August 15 .", "Fay formed from a vigorous tropical wave on August 15 over the Dominican Republic ." ]
[ "Fay made its first landfall in Florida at Key West also on August 18 winds were at 60 mph . The next day Fay made landfall in Cape Romano , Florida while winds were at 65 mph .", "Fay made four Florida landfalls , first at Key West in the late afternoon of August 18 , then early the following morning at Cape Rom...
[ "Tropical Storm Fay was the sixth tropical storm of the 2008 Atlantic hurricane season .", "Tropical Storm Fay was a tropical storm and the sixth named storm of the 2008 Atlantic hurricane season ." ]
[ "Fay left $ 560 million in damage and killed 36 people .", "Damage from Fay was heavy , estimated at $ 560 million ." ]
[ "He plays for Urawa Red Diamonds .", "Currently plays for Urawa Red Diamonds ." ]
[ "Sergio Ariel Escudero ( born 1 September 1988 ) is an Argentine-Japanese football player .", "Sergio Ariel Escudero is a naturalized Japanese football player ." ]
[ "Les Monceaux is a commune . It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France .", "Les Monceaux is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France ." ]
[ "It is sometimes called `` the Chained Lady '' or `` the Chained Woman '' in English .", "Andromeda is sometimes called `` the Chained Lady '' or `` the Chained Woman '' in English ( Mulier Catenata in Latin , and al-Mar ` at al Musalsalah in Arabic ) ." ]
[ "The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show is an alternative name for two separate American television animated shows : Rocky and His Friends ( 1959 â `` 1961 ) and The Bullwinkle Show ( 1961 â `` 1964 ) .", "The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show is the collective name for two American television animated cartoon series : Rocky and ...
[ "On this day , practical jokes ( or April Fools ) are played on friends and family .", "Sometimes referred to as All Fools ' Day , April 1 is not a national holiday , but is widely recognized and celebrated as a day when many people play all kinds of jokes and foolishness . The day is marked by the commission of ...
[ "April Fool 's Day is on 1 April every year in many countries .", "April Fools ' Day is celebrated in different countries around the world on April 1 every year ." ]
[ "In cryptography , a trusted third party ( TTP ) is an entity which makes interactions between two parties easy .", "In cryptography , a trusted third party ( TTP ) is an entity which facilitates interactions between two parties who both trust the third party ; The Third Party reviews all critical transaction com...
[ "Both parties must trust the third party ; they use this trust to secure their own interactions .", "In TTP models , the relying parties use this trust to secure their own interactions ." ]
[ "By early on September 8 , the storm became a stretched out , shapeless cloud pattern not normal for a tropical cyclone .", "By early on September 8 , the storm consisted of an elongated , shapeless cloud pattern atypical of a tropical cyclone ." ]
[ "Though convection slowly moved closer to the center of the storm , forecasters could not detect an organized center of circulation late on September 13 .", "Though convection gradually migrated closer to the center of the storm , forecasters could not detect a well-defined center of circulation by late on Septem...
[ "After reaching tropical storm status , the maximum sustained winds existed for three days between 40 mph ( 65 km\\/h ) and 50 mph ( 85 km\\/h ) .", "After attaining tropical storm status , the maximum sustained winds fluctuated for three days between 40 mph ( 65 km\\/h ) and 50 mph ( 85 km\\/h ) ." ]
[ "At first , the storm was able to keep hurricane-force winds , as the extratropical remnant passed near Cape Race before turning to the east-northeast , and on September 14 the winds weakened to gale force .", "Initially maintaining hurricane-force winds , the extratropical remnant passed near Cape Race before tu...
[ "The inner core of convection became ragged-looking on satellite pictures , and based on reports from Hurricane Hunters it is estimated the hurricane reached peak winds of 90 mph ( 150 km\\/h ) late on September 10 .", "The inner core of convection became ragged-looking on satellite imagery , and based on reports...
[ "The storm caused over $ 200,000 ( 2006 USD ) in damage on the island .", "The storm caused over $ 200,000 ( 2006 USD ; $ 214,000 2008 USD ) in damage on the island ." ]
[ "By late on September 3 , the system maintained a large closed circulation and enough convective organization to be named Tropical Depression Six while located about midway between the Lesser Antilles and Africa .", "By late on September 3 , the system maintained a broad closed circulation and enough convective o...
[ "Though convection remained focused near the outer periphery of the system , the overall organized continued to steadily increase , and it is estimated the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Florence on September 5 while located about 1120 miles ( 1800 km ) east-northeast of Anguilla .", "Though convecti...
[ "After several days , Florence encountered an area of lesser wind shear and strengthened into a hurricane on September 10 .", "After several days , Florence encountered an area of lesser wind shear and intensified into a hurricane on September 10 ." ]
[ "A possible tornado reported in Southampton Parish downed trees and caused light property damage .", "A possible tornado in Southampton Parish downed trees and caused light property damage ." ]
[ "Hurricane Florence produced strong swells and dangerous surf conditions for the northern Lesser Antilles , U.S. Virgin Islands , Puerto Rico , Hispaniola , and Bermuda .", "Hurricane Florence produced strong swells and dangerous surf conditions along the northern Lesser Antilles , Virgin Islands , Puerto Rico , ...
[ "The government of Bermuda gave out a hurricane watch for the island on September 8 , which was followed by a tropical storm warning on September 9 .", "The government of Bermuda issued a hurricane watch for the island on September 8 , which was followed by a tropical storm warning on September 9 ." ]
[ "The passage of the storm damaged the causeway between St. David 's Island and Hamilton Parish , temporarily limiting traffic to one lane in each direction .", "The storm damaged the causeway between St. David 's Island and Hamilton Parish , temporarily limiting traffic to one lane in each direction ." ]
[ "The hurricane caused flight interruptions at St. John 's International Airport and also to the Trans Canada ferry between Newfoundland and Cape Breton Island in eastern Nova Scotia Strong winds destroyed a house in the small Newfoundland village of Francois .", "The hurricane caused flight interruptions at St. J...
[ "These were replaced by a hurricane warning on September 10 , which were given out at the same time with the storm 's strengthening to hurricane status .", "These were replaced by a hurricane warning on September 10 , coinciding with the storm 's strengthening to hurricane intensity ." ]
[ "Convection increased within the system , and the large system developed a thick area of convection along with an organized low pressure area .", "Convection increased within the system , and it developed a concentrated area of convection in conjunction with a well-defined low pressure area ." ]
[ "It began to strengthen more steadily as the storm turned to the northwest .", "It began to strengthen more steadily as it turned to the northwest ." ]
[ "After becoming a tropical cyclone , the depression had many cloud swirls inside its common center .", "Upon becoming a tropical cyclone , the depression maintained multiple cloud swirls within a common center ." ]
[ "Because of unfavorable conditions , the system failed to organize at first , and as a result the storm grew to an unusually large size .", "Due to unfavorable conditions , the system failed to organize initially , and as a result the storm grew to an unusually large size ." ]
[ "Dry air encountered the depression , and as such the depression developed very slowly ; forecasters maintained considerable difficulty in determining a center of circulation .", "Dry air encountered the depression , and as such it developed very slowly ; forecasters maintained considerable difficulty in determin...
[ "The overall cloud pattern became a little bit better organized , and Florence briefly re-strengthened before encountering increased upper-level winds and cooler waters .", "The overall cloud pattern became slightly better organized , and Florence briefly re-strengthened before encountering increased upper-level ...
[ "Banding features increased in satellite pictures , though southwesterly wind shear from an upper-level trough to its northeast and the lack of an organized circulation orginially prevented strengthening .", "Banding features increased , though southwesterly wind shear and the lack of a well-defined circulation p...
[ "By September 6 , an orgained form of cloud swirls became visible , with thin rainbands developing in the southeast and northwest quadrants .", "By September 6 , a well-defined cloud swirl became evident , with thin rainbands developing in the southeast and northwest quadrants ." ]
[ "Dry air wrapping around the southern half of the cyclone dissipated most of the deep convection by early on September 12 .", "Dry air wrapping around the southern periphery of the cyclone eroded most of the deep convection by early on September 12 ." ]
[ "Residents installed storm shutters , while boat owners moved their boats to safer locations .", "Residents installed storm shutters , while boat owners moved their yachts to safer locations ." ]
[ "It continued to lose tropical characteristics , and on September 13 Florence turned into an extratropical cyclone about 485 miles ( 780 km ) south-southwest of Cape Race , Newfoundland .", "It continued to lose tropical characteristics , and on September 13 Florence transitioned into an extratropical cyclone abo...
[ "As a result , hurricane forecasters predicted Florence to quickly develop and reach major hurricane status .", "As a result , hurricane forecasters anticipated Florence would develop significantly and attain major hurricane status ." ]
[ "This is because of the large size of Florence ; the wind field reached 460 miles ( 745 km ) wide with a radius of maximum winds of about 110 miles ( 170 km ) .", "This was due to the large size of Florence ; the overall wind field reached a diameter of 460 miles ( 745 km ) , and the radius of maximum winds reach...
[ "This made it diffficult to forecast the storm , since it tracked through an area of 84 Â F ( 29 Â C ) water temperatures , light shear , and a large low-level cyclonic envelop with abundant convection .", "This led to difficulties in forecasting , as its environment favored further strengthening ; the storm trac...
[ "The government pursaded the potentially impacted citizens to take preparations for the storm , many of whom bought supplies at local hardware stores .", "The government urged the potentially impacted citizens to take preparations for the storm , many of whom bought supplies at local hardware stores ." ]
[ "Before Florence approached the storm , officials canceled bus and ferry service , and also closed all schools and government offices on the day of impact .", "Prior to the arrival of the storm , officials canceled bus and ferry service , and also closed all schools and government offices on the day of impact ." ...
[ "Early on September 10 , an eye began developing inside a ring of round thick convection over the center , and shortly thereafter Florence reached hurricane status while located about 390 miles ( 630 km ) south of Bermuda .", "Early on September 10 , an eye began developing within a round central dense overcast o...
[ "La Ferrià re-Harang is a commune . It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France .", "La Ferrià re-Harang is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France ." ]
[ "En Avant de Guingamp is a football club which plays in Guingamp , in France .", "En Avant de Guingamp ( ; commonly referred to as EA Guingamp , EAG , or simply Guingamp ) is a French association football club based in the commune of Guingamp ." ]
[ "President Roberts sent military help , and an alliance of Marylanders and Liberian militia troops stopped the local tribesmen .", "President Roberts sent military assistance , and an alliance of Marylanders and Liberian militia troops successfully repelled the local tribesmen ." ]
[ "In December 1831 , the Maryland state legislature said that it would give US$ 10,000 for 26 years to take free blacks and former slaves from the United States to Africa , and the Maryland State Colonization Society was started for this purpose .", "In December 1831 , the Maryland state legislature appropriated U...
[ "Unable to defend itself , Maryland asked Liberia , its more powerful neighbor , for help .", "Unable to maintain its own defense , Maryland appealed to Liberia , its more powerful neighbor , for help ." ]
[ "On 29 May 1854 The State of Maryland declared its independence , naming itself Maryland in Liberia ( it was also known as the Republic of Maryland ) , with its capital at Harper , Liberia .", "On 29 May 1854 The State of Maryland declared its independence , naming itself Maryland in Liberia ( it was also known a...
[ "The Maryland in Liberia colony remained apart , as the state colonization society did not want anyone else to be able to trade goods .", "The Maryland in Liberia colony remained apart , as the state colonization society wished to maintain its trade monopoly in the area ." ]
[ "The area was first settled in 1834 by freed African-American slaves and African-Americans who were born free . Most of them were from the U.S. state of Maryland , and were there under the aurhority of the Maryland State Colonization Society .", "The area was first settled in 1834 by freed African-American slaves...
[ "The state said that it was independent on 29 May 1854 , and that it would be called Maryland in Liberia with its capital at Harper .", "The state declared its independence on 29 May 1854 as Maryland in Liberia with its capital at Harper ." ]
[ "In 1838 , other African-American settlements were joined to the Commonwealth of Liberia , which said that it was independent and not a part of Liberia in 1847 .", "In 1838 , other African-American settlements were united into the Commonwealth of Liberia , which declared its independence in 1847 ." ]
[ "Soon afterwards , local tribes , including the Grebo and the Kru , attacked the State of Maryland .", "Soon afterwards , local tribes including the Grebo and the Kru attacked the State of Maryland in retaliation for its disruption of the slave trade ." ]
[ "However , it was now clear that the Republic of Maryland could not survive on its own , and 18 March 1857 Maryland was added by Liberia , and became known as Maryland County .", "However , it was now clear that the Republic of Maryland could not survive as an independent state , and 18 March 1857 Maryland was an...
[ "The Republic of Maryland ( also known as the Independent State of Maryland ) was a small nation of African Americans from 1854 to 1857 .", "The Republic of Maryland ( also known as the Independent State of Maryland ) was a small African American nation which existed from 1854 to 1857 , when it was united into wh...
[ "LÃ ogeats is a commune . It is found in the Aquitaine region in the Gironde department in the southwest of France .", "LÃ ogeats is a commune in the Gironde department in Aquitaine in south-western France ." ]
[ "Most heteromyids live in complex burrows in the deserts and grasslands of western North America . Some species within the Heteromys and Liomys genera are also found in forests and can be found down as far as northern South America .", "Most heteromyids live in complex burrows within the deserts and grasslands of...
[ "Ragnar Arthur Granit ( Born 30 October , 1900 in Riihimà ki , Finland - died 31 March 1990 , in Stockholm , Sweden ) was a Finnish doctor and scientist who won the 1967 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on the eye .", "Ragnar Arthur Granit ( October 30 , 1900 , Riihimà ki , Finland â `` March 12...
[ "Granit obtained dual citizenship with Sweden during World War II , and once said that his Nobel Prize `` belongs fifty-fifty to Finland and Sweden '' .", "Granit said that his Nobel prize `` belongs fifty-fifty to Finland and Sweden '' ." ]
[ "Fernando Almeida de Oliveira ( born 18 June 1978 ) is a Brazilian football player .", "Fernando Almeida de Oliveira ( born 18 June 1978 ) is a Brazilian football player who currently plays for Vità ria ." ]
[ "For example , a future album whose article is titled '' ( Artist ) 's Next Album '' and consists solely of blog or fan forum speculation about possible titles , or songs that might be on the album , is a violation and should be discussed only in the artist 's article , and even then only if there is some verifiabl...
[ "Note that members of notable bands are redirected to the band 's article , not given individual articles , unless they have shown individual notability for activity independent of the band , such as solo releases .", "Note that members of notable bands are redirected to the band 's article , not given individual...
[ "Notability aside , a separate article on a song should only exist when there is enough verifiable material to have a reasonably detailed article . Articles unlikely ever to grow beyond stubs should be merged to articles about an artist or album .", "Notability aside , a separate article on a song is only appropr...
[ "Most songs do not meet the guidelines for notability for their own article . These should redirect to another relevant article , such as for the songwriter , a notable album or for the artist who performed the song .", "Most songs do not rise to notability for an independent article and should redirect to anothe...
[ "A claim of notability , even if contested , may avoid quick deletion under A4 . This would then need a full Reason for Deletion process to decide if the article should be included in Wikipedia .", "A mere claim of significance , even if contested , may avoid speedy deletion under A7 , requiring a full Proposed d...
[ "In a few special cases , an unreleased album may meet guidelines for an advance article if there is enough verifiable and properly referenced information about itâ '' for example , Guns ` n Roses ' 2008 album Chinese Democracy had an article as early as 2004 .", "In a few special cases , an unreleased album may ...
[ "A musician or group ( this includes a band , singer , rapper , orchestra , DJ , musical theater group , etc. ) may be notable if it meets at least one of the following guidelines :", "A musician or ensemble ( note that this includes a band , singer , rapper , orchestra , DJ , musical theater group , etc. ) may b...