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A blister is a small pocket of body fluid (lymph, serum, plasma, blood, or pus) within the upper layers of the skin, usually caused by forceful rubbing (friction), burning, freezing, chemical exposure or infection. Most blisters are filled with a clear fluid, either serum or plasma. However, blisters can be filled with blood (known as "blood blisters") or with pus (for instance, if they become infected) | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A carcinogen is any substance, radionuclide, or radiation that promotes carcinogenesis (the formation of cancer). This may be due to the ability to damage the genome or to the disruption of cellular metabolic processes. Several radioactive substances are considered carcinogens, but their carcinogenic activity is attributed to the radiation, for example gamma rays and alpha particles, which they emit | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Carcinogenesis, also called oncogenesis or tumorigenesis, is the formation of a cancer, whereby normal cells are transformed into cancer cells. The process is characterized by changes at the cellular, genetic, and epigenetic levels and abnormal cell division. Cell division is a physiological process that occurs in almost all tissues and under a variety of circumstances | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Travel outside the Earth's protective atmosphere, magnetosphere, and gravitational field can harm human health, and understanding such harm is essential for successful crewed spaceflight. Potential effects on the central nervous system (CNS) are particularly important. A vigorous ground-based cellular and animal model research program will help quantify the risk to the CNS from space radiation exposure on future long distance space missions and promote the development of optimized countermeasures | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The 1986 Chernobyl disaster triggered the release of radioactive contamination into the atmosphere in the form of both particulate and gaseous radioisotopes. As of 2022, it was the world's largest known release of radioactivity into the environment.
The work of the Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (SCOPE), suggests that the Chernobyl incident cannot be directly compared to atmospheric tests of nuclear weapons by simply saying that it's better or worse | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A Chernobyl necklace is a horizontal scar at the base of the throat which results from surgery to remove a thyroid cancer caused by fallout from a nuclear accident. The scar has come to be seen as one of the most graphic demonstrations of the impact of the Chernobyl disaster.
The term takes its name from the increased rate of thyroid cancer after the Chernobyl disaster | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Chronic radiation syndrome (CRS), or chronic radiation enteritis, is a constellation of health effects of radiation that occur after months or years of chronic exposure to high amounts of radiation. Chronic radiation syndrome develops with a speed and severity proportional to the radiation dose received (i. e | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The collective effective dose, dose quantity S, is calculated as the sum of all individual effective doses over the time period or during the operation being considered due to ionizing radiation. : paragraph 159 It can be used to estimate the total health effects of a process or accidental release involving ionizing radiation to an exposed population. The total collective dose is the dose to the exposed human population between the time of release until its elimination from the environment, perhaps integrating to time equals infinity | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The committed dose in radiological protection is a measure of the stochastic health risk due to an intake of radioactive material into the human body. Stochastic in this context is defined as the probability of cancer induction and genetic damage, due to low levels of radiation. The SI unit of measure is the sievert | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Cosmic ray visual phenomena, or light flashes (LF), also known as Astronaut's Eye, are spontaneous flashes of light visually perceived by some astronauts outside the magnetosphere of the Earth, such as during the Apollo program. While LF may be the result of actual photons of visible light being sensed by the retina, the LF discussed here could also pertain to phosphenes, which are sensations of light produced by the activation of neurons along the visual pathway.
Possible causes
Researchers believe that the LF perceived specifically by astronauts in space are due to cosmic rays (high-energy charged particles from beyond the Earth's atmosphere), though the exact mechanism is unknown | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Deep inspiration breath-hold (DIBH) is a method of delivering radiotherapy while limiting radiation exposure to the heart and lungs. It is used primarily for treating left-sided breast cancer.
The technique involves a patient holding their breath during treatment | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Deep-dose equivalent (DDE) is a measure of external radiation exposure defined by US regulations. It is reported alongside eye and shallow dose equivalents on typical US dosimetry reports. It represents the dose equivalent at a tissue depth of 1 cm (1000 mg/cm2) due to external whole-body exposure to ionizing radiation | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Effective dose is a dose quantity in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. It is the tissue-weighted sum of the equivalent doses in all specified tissues and organs of the human body and represents the stochastic health risk to the whole body, which is the probability of cancer induction and genetic effects, of low levels of ionizing radiation. It takes into account the type of radiation and the nature of each organ or tissue being irradiated, and enables summation of organ doses due to varying levels and types of radiation, both internal and external, to produce an overall calculated effective dose | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The medical effects of the atomic bomb upon humans can be put into the four categories below, with the effects of larger thermonuclear weapons producing blast and thermal effects so large that there would be a negligible number of survivors close enough to the center of the blast who would experience prompt/acute radiation effects, which were observed after the 16 kiloton yield Hiroshima bomb, due to its relatively low yield:
Initial stage—the first 1–9 weeks, in which are the greatest number of deaths, with 90% due to thermal injury and/or blast effects and 10% due to super-lethal radiation exposure.
Intermediate stage—from 10 to 12 weeks. The deaths in this period are from ionizing radiation in the median lethal range - LD50
Late period—lasting from 13 to 20 weeks | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Ex-Rad (or Ex-RAD; recilisib sodium (INN, USAN); development code ON 01210. Na) is an experimental drug being developed by Onconova Therapeutics and the U. S | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Fukushima 50 is a pseudonym given by English-language media to a group of employees at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. Following the Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami on 11 March 2011, a related series of nuclear accidents resulted in melting of the cores of three reactors. These 50 employees remained on-site after 750 other workers were evacuated | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Hair loss, also known as alopecia or baldness, refers to a loss of hair from part of the head or body. Typically at least the head is involved. The severity of hair loss can vary from a small area to the entire body | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A material's half-value layer (HVL), or half-value thickness, is the thickness of the material at which the intensity of radiation entering it is reduced by one half. HVL can also be expressed in terms of air kerma rate (AKR), rather than intensity: the half-value layer is the thickness of specified material that, "attenuates the beam of radiation to an extent such that the AKR is reduced to one-half of its original value. In this definition the contribution of all scattered radiation, other than any [ | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Health physics, also referred to as the science of radiation protection, is the profession devoted to protecting people and their environment from potential radiation hazards, while making it possible to enjoy the beneficial uses of radiation. Health physicists normally require a four-year bachelor’s degree and qualifying experience that demonstrates a professional knowledge of the theory and application of radiation protection principles and closely related sciences. Health physicists principally work at facilities where radionuclides or other sources of ionizing radiation (such as X-ray generators) are used or produced; these include research, industry, education, medical facilities, nuclear power, military, environmental protection, enforcement of government regulations, and decontamination and decommissioning—the combination of education and experience for health physicists depends on the specific field in which the health physicist is engaged | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Health threats from cosmic rays are the dangers posed by cosmic rays to astronauts on interplanetary missions or any missions that venture through the Van-Allen Belts or outside the Earth's magnetosphere. They are one of the greatest barriers standing in the way of plans for interplanetary travel by crewed spacecraft,
but space radiation health risks also occur for missions in low Earth orbit such as the International Space Station (ISS). In October 2015, the NASA Office of Inspector General issued a health hazards report related to space exploration, including a human mission to Mars | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Ionizing radiation (or ionising radiation), including nuclear radiation, consists of subatomic particles or electromagnetic waves that have sufficient energy to ionize atoms or molecules by detaching electrons from them. Some particles can travel up to 99% of the speed of light, and the electromagnetic waves are on the high-energy portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Gamma rays, X-rays, and the higher energy ultraviolet part of the electromagnetic spectrum are ionizing radiation, whereas the lower energy ultraviolet, visible light, nearly all types of laser light, infrared, microwaves, and radio waves are non-ionizing radiation | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Keloid, also known as keloid disorder and keloidal scar,
is the formation of a type of scar which, depending on its maturity, is composed mainly of either type III (early) or type I (late) collagen. It is a result of an overgrowth of granulation tissue (collagen type 3) at the site of a healed skin injury which is then slowly replaced by collagen type 1. Keloids are firm, rubbery lesions or shiny, fibrous nodules, and can vary from pink to the color of the person's skin or red to dark brown in color | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Moist desquamation is a description of the clinical pattern seen as a consequence of radiation exposure where the skin thins and then begins to weep because of loss of integrity of the epithelial barrier and decreased oncotic pressure. Moist desquamation is a rare complication for most forms of radiology, however it is far more common in fluoroscopy where threshold doses lie between 10-15 Gy and increasingly common above 15 Gy. It has been noted that fractionation of fluoroscopic procedures significantly reduces the likelihood of moist desquamation occurring | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In genetics, a mutagen is a physical or chemical agent that permanently changes genetic material, usually DNA, in an organism and thus increases the frequency of mutations above the natural background level. As many mutations can cause cancer in animals, such mutagens can therefore be carcinogens, although not all necessarily are. All mutagens have characteristic mutational signatures with some chemicals becoming mutagenic through cellular processes | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In biology, a mutation is an alteration in the nucleic acid sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA. Viral genomes contain either DNA or RNA. Mutations result from errors during DNA or viral replication, mitosis, or meiosis or other types of damage to DNA (such as pyrimidine dimers caused by exposure to ultraviolet radiation), which then may undergo error-prone repair (especially microhomology-mediated end joining), cause an error during other forms of repair, or cause an error during replication (translesion synthesis) | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Nuclear fallout is the residual radioactive material propelled into the upper atmosphere following a nuclear blast, so called because it "falls out" of the sky after the explosion and the shock wave has passed. It commonly refers to the radioactive dust and ash created when a nuclear weapon explodes. The amount and spread of fallout is a product of the size of the weapon and the altitude at which it is detonated | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
This article uses Chernobyl as a case study of nuclear fallout effects on an ecosystem.
Chernobyl
Officials used hydrometeorological data to create an image of what the potential nuclear fallout looked like after the Chernobyl disaster in 1986. Using this method, they were able to determine the distribution of radionuclides in the surrounding area, and discovered emissions from the nuclear reactor itself | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Nuclear labor issues exist within the international nuclear power industry and the nuclear weapons production sector worldwide, impacting upon the lives and health of laborers, itinerant workers and their families. A subculture of frequently undocumented workers do the dirty, difficult, and potentially dangerous work shunned by regular employees. They are called in the vernacular Nuclear Nomads, Bio-Robots, Luminizers, Glow Boys, Radium Girls, the Fukushima 50, Liquidators, Atomic Gypsies, Gamma Sponges, Nuclear Gypsies, Genpatsu Gypsies, Nuclear Samurai and Jumpers | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Prehydrated electrons are free electrons that occur in water under irradiation. Usually they form complexes with water molecules and become hydrated electrons. They can also react with the bases of the nucleotides dGMP and dTMP in aqueous solution | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Radiation hormesis is the hypothesis that low doses of ionizing radiation (within the region of and just above natural background levels) are beneficial, stimulating the activation of repair mechanisms that protect against disease, that are not activated in absence of ionizing radiation. The reserve repair mechanisms are hypothesized to be sufficiently effective when stimulated as to not only cancel the detrimental effects of ionizing radiation but also inhibit disease not related to radiation exposure (see hormesis). It has been a mainstream concept since at least 2009 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Radiation-induced cognitive decline describes the possible correlation between radiation therapy and cognitive impairment. Radiation therapy is used mainly in the treatment of cancer. Radiation therapy can be used to cure care or shrink tumors that are interfering with quality of life | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
PhpWiki is a web-based wiki software application.
It began as a clone of WikiWikiWeb and was the first wiki written in PHP.
PhpWiki has been used to edit and format paper books for publication | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Radio UserLand is a software package from UserLand Software, first released in 2000, which includes not only a client-side blogging tool but also an RSS aggregator, an outliner and a scripting language.
Features
Radio UserLand is an offspring of UserLand's Manila, which is built on the Frontier platform. It uses a desktop client to store the full content of a user's weblog on the user's computer, and provides a mechanism for uploading it to a shared server | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Jakarta Slide is an open-source content management system from the Jakarta project. It is written in Java and implements the WebDAV protocol. Slide is a set of APIs to implement the WebDAV client | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
SPINE is a free, open source content management system for publishing content on the World Wide Web and intranets.
The system includes features like easy Web-based administration, full template support to separate style from content, common components like navigation bars, macros, message boards, and page statistics, and the ability to mix static and dynamic content transparently. SPINE is licensed under the GPL, and is written in the Perl programming language and can use the MySQL or PostgreSQL database | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Wiki. js is a wiki engine running on Node. js and written in JavaScript | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Zope Public License is a free software license, used primarily for the Zope application server software. The license is similar to the well-known BSD license, however the ZPL also adds clauses prohibiting trademark use and requiring documentation of all changes.
External links
Zope Public License v2 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
i2 Analyst's Notebook is a software product from i2 Group for data analysis. Based on ELP (entity-link-property) methodology, it reveals relationships between data entities to discover patterns and provide insight into data. It is commonly used by digital analysts at law enforcement, military and other government intelligence agencies, and by fraud departments | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Aria is a storage engine for the MariaDB and MySQL relational database management systems. Its goal is to make a crash-safe alternative to MyISAM. It is not transactional | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In theatrical productions, the channel hookup is a printout of a lighting database such as Lightwright that organizes all the lighting information for a stage show by the channel number associated with the lighting equipment and limits the information associated with a particular lighting instrument such that a designer or electrician can access needed information rapidly and efficiently. Lighting equipment is often organized by lighting system thereby granting coherence to consecutive channel numbers. Channels 1 through 10 might be Frontlight while 21 through 30 could be Sidelight from left | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A data hub is a center of data exchange that is supported by data science, data engineering, and data warehouse technologies to interact with endpoints such as applications and algorithms.
Features
A data hub differs from a data warehouse in that it is generally unintegrated and often at different grains. It differs from an operational data store because a data hub does not need to be limited to operational data | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
DataMapper is an object-relational mapper library written in Ruby that follows the active record pattern even though the name implies it follows the data mapper pattern. While DataMapper 1 may not have achieved total decoupling between object and database suggested by the data mapper pattern, it appears DataMapper 2 intended to change this (a la Virtus, a library adapted from DataMapper). The DataMapper 2 project was renamed before launch and was released as Ruby Object Mapper (ROM) in August 2013 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Datomic is a distributed database and implementation of Datalog. It has ACID transactions, joins, and a logical query language, Datalog. A distinguishing feature of Datomic is that time is a basic feature of data entities | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
An emergency management information system (EMIS) is a computer database for disaster response that provides graphical, real-time information to responders.
EMIS and emergencies
Four phases of an emergency are Readiness, Risk Mitigation, Response, and Replay. An EMIS shall enable emergency managers or any emergency stakeholder (affected civilians, police, fireman, Non Government Organizations (NGO), etc | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
IdeaList was a commercially marketed free form text database application originally published by Blackwell Software, a division of Blackwell Science Ltd. The incomplete software source for version 4. 0 was sold in the late 1990s to Bekon Marketing Ltd | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The International Crop Information System (ICIS) was an open-source database system led by researchers from the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) that provided integrated management of global information on crop improvement and management both for individual crops and for farming systems.
The project was motivated by ambiguous germplasm identification, difficulty in tracing pedigree information, and lack of integration between genetic resources, breeding, evaluation, utilization, and management data, all of which constrained the development of more knowledge-intensive crop research efforts.
In conjunction with the IRRI, the ICIS was developed by agricultural scientists and information technicians in several centers of the Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), in Advanced Research Institutions (ARIs), and in National Agricultural Research Systems (NARSs) to address these constraints | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
InterSystems HealthShare is a healthcare informatics platform for hospitals, integrated delivery networks (IDNs) and regional and national health information exchanges (HIE).
About
HealthShare includes health information exchange, data aggregation, workflow, text analysis, and analytics technology. It connects to internal and external systems for HIE, and offers an integrated, universal view of all the data | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Invenio is an open source software framework for large-scale digital repositories that provides the tools for management of digital assets in an institutional repository and research data management systems. The software is typically used for open access repositories for scholarly and/or published digital content and as a digital library.
Invenio is initially developed by CERN with both individual and organisational external contributors and is freely available for download | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Lotus Development's DataLens, originally known as Blueprint, was a standardized system for database queries used in a number of Lotus products, notably 1-2-3. It provided drivers for a number of common data sources, including a variety of mainframe SQL servers, microcomputer database files of various sorts, and even flat-file systems. Drivers from 3rd parties were also available | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Archive is a storage engine for the MySQL relational database management system. Users can use this analytic storage engine to create a table that is “archive” only. Data cannot be deleted from this table, only added | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Federated is a storage engine for the MySQL MariaDB relational database management system that allows creation of a table that is a local representation of a foreign (remote) table. It uses the MySQL client library API as a data transport, treating remote tables as if they were located on the local server.
Each Federated table that is defined there is one | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
NotesPeek is a utility written by Ned Batchelder that allows navigation and display of the complete contents of Lotus Notes database files. NotesPeek displays database components in a tree structure while also providing access to both low level and high level database components. It can show data and settings that otherwise cannot accessed | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Object Exchange Model (OEM) is a model for exchanging semi-structured data between object-oriented databases. It serves as the basic data model in numerous projects of the Stanford University Database Group, including Tsimmis, Lore, and C3. Slight variations of OEM have evolved across different Stanford projects | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Orbada is a free tool for database developers, SQL developers and administrators. The software includes many wizards and special features to help database administrator job. By using Java and JDBC drivers it allows users to connect to multiple databases | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
phpLDAPadmin is a web app for administering Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) servers. It's written in the PHP programming language, and is licensed under the GNU General Public License. The application is available in 14 languages and supports UTF-8 encoded directory strings | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Portable Database Image, also known as . pdi file, is a proprietary loss-less format designed for analytics, publishing and syndication of complex data. The | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Project-Level Aid (PLAID) database has now become AidData: Tracking Development Finance, a portal for information on development finance. As AidData, it now contains records of over 900,000 international development projects financed by bilateral and multilateral donors from 1950 to 2010. Up until the official launch of AidData in March 2010, the PLAID database was the primary output of PLAID, a research partnership between the Institute for Theory and Practice of International Relations at the College of William and Mary, and the Political Economy and Development Lab at Brigham Young University | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In databases, a result set is the set of results returned by a query. In SQL, it is the result of a SELECT query on a table or view and is itself a non-permanent table of rows, and could include metadata about the query such as the column names, and the types and sizes of each column. Depending on the database system, the number of rows in the result set may or may not be known | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The skyline operator is the subject of an optimization problem, used in a query to filter results from a database to keep only those objects that are not worse than any other.
This operator is an extension to SQL proposed by Börzsönyi et al. A classic example of application of the skyline operator involves selecting a hotel for a holiday | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
VxInsight is a knowledge mining tool developed by Sandia National Laboratories with the Institute for Scientific Information. It allows the user to visualize the relationship between groups of objects in large databases as a 3D landscape.
In what Hillier et al | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
WindowBase was a database management system created by Software Products International (SPI) as the successor to its manager for MS-DOS, Open Access. Introduced in 1991, it was launched in Europe in 1992. It cost $495 ($695 with the SDK for C) | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Confirmation dialog (sometimes called a warning alert box or chicken box) is a dialog box that asks user to approve requested operation. Usually this dialog appears before a potentially dangerous operation is performed (program termination, file deletion, etc. )
Typically confirmation dialog boxes have two buttons (e | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In computing, Control-V is a key stroke with a variety of uses including generation of a control character in ASCII code, also known as the synchronous idle (SYN) character. The key stroke is generated by pressing the V key while holding down the Ctrl key on a computer keyboard. For MacOS based systems, which lack a Ctrl key, the common replacement of the ⌘ Cmd key works | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In computing, Control+x is the key combination of the control key and a key usually labeled "x" (lower-case letter ex), typically used to cut selected text and save it to the clipboard ready to paste elsewhere. Conventionally, the key combination is produced by holding down Control and x simultaneously. To avoid having to press multiple keys simultaneously, the key combination is, on some systems, entered by first pushing the control key and then the X key | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Control-Y is a common computer command. It is generated by holding Ctrl and pressing the Y key on most computer keyboards.
In most Windows applications this keyboard shortcut functions as Redo, reversing a previous Undo | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A cycle button or toggle button is a graphical control element that allows the user to choose one from a predefined set of options. It is used as a button, the content of which changes with each click and cycles between two or more values; the currently displayed value is the user's choice.
A cycle button's advantage over radio buttons or a list box is that it takes less screen space; its advantage over a drop-down list is that a single mouse click is enough to switch between the two options | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A frame, or group box, is a type of box within which a collection of graphical control elements can be grouped as a way to show relationships visually, either because the items are functionally related (such as a radio button), or because they apply to related objects.
In HTML (where frame has another meaning, referring to an individually scrollable portion of a page), this kind of grouping box is called a fieldset after the HTML element of the same name.
In the adjacent image, the top frame has no title | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A hoverbox (also called a hovercard) is a popup window that is neither a tooltip nor a traditional popup, but is a popup that appears when the mouse is placed over an icon on the screen for a short period of time, without clicking. The hoverbox provides web annotation tool which allows the reader of a web page to preview information outside of that webpage.
Hoverboxes differ from tooltips in that hoverboxes support HTML elements and can be used to display forms, graphics and lists among other html elements | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The graphical control element inspector window is a type of dialog window that shows a list of the current attributes of a selected object and allows these parameters to be changed on the fly. A common use is in Integrated Development Environments, where the window shows the changing values of variables associated to an object during a debugging session.
Inspector windows show information in programs like file managers, showing file parameters like file size and access permissions | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A label is a graphical control element which displays text on a form. It is usually a static control; having no interactivity. A label is generally used to identify a nearby text box or other widget | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
larswm is a window manager for the X window system that follows the tiling window manager paradigm. Using ideas from the older 9wm window manager, it features automatic tiling and virtual desktops. It also borrows other ideas, for example a limited form of plumbing, from the Acme development environment | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The sucA RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure found in bacteria of the order Burkholderiales. RNAs within this motif are always found in the presumed 5' UTR of sucA genes. sucA encodes a subunit of an enzyme that participates in the citric acid cycle by synthesizing succinyl-CoA from 2-oxoglutarate | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The sucA-II RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure identified by bioinformatics. It is consistently found in the presumed 5' untranslated regions of sucA genes, which encode Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase enzymes that participate in the citric acid cycle. Given this arrangement, sucA-II RNAs might regulate the downstream sucA gene | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The TD-1 RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure found only in the species Treponema denticola, at least among bacteria whose genomes were sequenced in 2007 when the RNA motif was identified. The T. denticola genome contains 28 predicted TD-1 RNAs, and all but two of these are positioned such that they are likely to be in the 5' UTR of the downstream gene | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The TD-2 RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure found in Treponema denticola, as well as metagenome sequences extracted from a termite hindgut, which is known to be enriched for Spirochaetes. Since TD-2 RNAs are not typically positioned in 5′ UTRs, the motif is presumed to correspond to a non-coding RNA.
The TD-2 RNA's secondary structure is supported by covariation (see secondary structure prediction), and one stem typically has terminal GNRA tetraloops, which are known to be especially stable | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Termite-flg RNA motif (also called tg-flg) is a conserved RNA structure identified by bioinformatics. Genomic sequences corresponding to Termite-flg RNAs have been identified only in uncultivated bacteria present in the termite hindgut. As of 2010 it has not been identified in the DNA of any cultivated species, and is thus an example of RNAs present in environmental samples | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Termite-leu RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure discovered by bioinformatics. It is found only in DNA sequences extracted from uncultivated bacteria living in termite hindguts, and has not yet been detected in any known cultivated organism. In many cases, Termite-leu RNAs are found in the likely 5′ untranslated regions of multive genes related to the synthesis of the amino acid leucine | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Tetrahydrofolate riboswitches are a class of homologous RNAs in certain bacteria that bind tetrahydrofolate (THF). It is almost exclusively located in the probable 5' untranslated regions of protein-coding genes, and most of these genes are known to encode either folate transporters or enzymes involved in folate metabolism. For these reasons it was inferred that the RNAs function as riboswitches | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (or TFPI) is a single-chain polypeptide which can reversibly inhibit factor Xa (Xa). While Xa is inhibited, the Xa-TFPI complex can subsequently also inhibit the FVIIa-tissue factor complex.
TFPI contributes significantly to the inhibition of Xa in vivo, despite being present at concentrations of only 2 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Tombusvirus 3′ UTR is an important cis-regulatory region of the Tombus virus genome. Tomato bushy stunt virus is the prototype member of the family Tombusviridae. The genome of this virus is positive sense single stranded RNA | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Tombusvirus 5′ UTR is an important cis-regulatory region of the Tombus virus genome.
Tomato bushy stunt virus is the prototype member of the Tombusviridae family. The genome of this virus is positive sense single stranded RNA | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The TPP riboswitch, also known as the THI element and Thi-box riboswitch, is a highly conserved RNA secondary structure. It serves as a riboswitch that binds thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) directly and modulates gene expression through a variety of mechanisms in archaea, bacteria and eukaryotes. TPP is the active form of thiamine (vitamin B1), an essential coenzyme synthesised by coupling of pyrimidine and thiazole moieties in bacteria | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The traJ 5' UTR is a cis acting RNA element which is involved in regulating plasmid transfer in bacteria.
In conjugating bacteria the FinOP system regulates the transfer of F-like plasmids. The FinP gene encodes an antisense RNA product that is complementary to part of the 5' UTR of the traJ mRNA | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The HIV trans-activation response (TAR) element is an RNA element which is known to be required for the trans-activation of the viral promoter and for virus replication. The TAR hairpin is a dynamic structure that acts as a binding site for the Tat protein, and this interaction stimulates the activity of the long terminal repeat promoter. Further analysis has shown that TAR is a pre-microRNA that produces mature microRNAs from both strands of the TAR stem-loop | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Tryptophan operon leader is an RNA element found at the 5′ of some bacterial tryptophan operons. The leader sequence can form two different structures known as the terminator and the anti-terminator, based on the Tryptophan amounts in the cell. The leader also codes for very short peptide sequence that is rich in tryptophan | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
U4atac minor spliceosomal RNA is a ncRNA which is an essential component of the minor U12-type spliceosome complex. The U12-type spliceosome is required for removal of the rarer class of eukaryotic introns (AT-AC, U12-type). U4atac snRNA is proposed to form a base-paired complex with another spliceosomal RNA U6atac via two stem loop regions | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
U5 snRNA is a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) that participates in RNA splicing as a component of the spliceosome. It forms the U5 snRNP (small nuclear ribonucleoprotein) by associating with several proteins including Prp8 - the largest and most conserved protein in the spliceosome, Brr2 - a helicase required for spliceosome activation, Snu114, and the 7 Sm proteins. U5 snRNA forms a coaxially-stacked series of helices that project into the active site of the spliceosome | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
U6atac minor spliceosomal RNA is a non-coding RNA which is an essential component of the minor U12-type spliceosome complex. The U12-type spliceosome is required for removal of the rarer class of eukaryotic introns (AT-AC, U12-type). U6atac snRNA is proposed to form a base-paired complex with another spliceosomal RNA U4atac via two stem loop regions | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In molecular biology, U8 small nucleolar RNA (also known as SNORD118) is the RNA component of a small RNA:protein complex (the U8 snoRNP) which is required for biogenesis of mature large subunit ribosomal RNAs, 5. 8S and 28S rRNAs. More specifically, U8 is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
U12 minor spliceosomal RNA is formed from U12 small nuclear (snRNA), together with U4atac/U6atac, U5, and U11 snRNAs and associated proteins, forms a spliceosome that cleaves a divergent class of low-abundance pre-mRNA introns. Although the U12 sequence is very divergent from that of U2, the two are functionally analogous.
Structure
The predicted secondary structure of U12 RNA is published, | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
U98 small nucleolar RNA also is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the biogenesis (modification) of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a "guide" RNA | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The VA (viral associated) RNA is a type of non-coding RNA found in adenovirus. It plays a role in regulating translation. There are two copies of this RNA called VAI or VA RNAI and VAII or VA RNAII | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Viable but nonculturable (VBNC) bacteria refers as to bacteria that are in a state of very low metabolic activity and do not divide, but are alive and have the ability to become culturable once resuscitated. Bacteria in a VBNC state cannot grow on standard growth media, though flow cytometry can measure the viability of the bacteria. Bacteria can enter the VBNC state as a response to stress, due to adverse nutrient, temperature, osmotic, oxygen, and light conditions | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
This family represents the Kv1. 4 voltage-gated potassium channel internal ribosome entry site (IRES). This region has been shown to mediate internal ribosome entry in cells derived from brain, heart, and skeletal muscle; tissues known to express Kv1 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Whalefall-1 RNA motif (also called wf-1) refers to a conserved RNA structure that was discovered using bioinformatics. Structurally, the motif consists of two stem-loops (see diagram), the second of which is often terminated by a CUUG tetraloop, which is an energetically favorable RNA sequence. Whalefall-1 RNAs are found only in DNA extracted from uncultivated bacteria found on whale fall, i | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
U1 is a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) component of the spliceosome and is involved in pre-mRNA splicing.
In the splicing process the 5' end of the U1 snRNA forms complementary base pairing with the 5' splice junction of the intron to be excised, thus defining the 5' donor site of an intron.
There are significant differences in sequence and secondary structure between metazoan and yeast U1 snRNAs, the latter being much longer (568 nucleotides as compared to 164 nucleotides in human) | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Ykok leader or M-box is a Mg2+-sensing RNA structure that controls the expression of Magnesium ion transport proteins in bacteria. It is a distinct structure to the Magnesium responsive RNA element.
The Ykok leader was originally described as a conserved sequence with potential riboswitch function found upstream of the B | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The yybP-ykoY leader RNA element was originally discovered in E. coli during a large scale screen and was named SraF. This family was later found to exist upstream of related families of protein genes in many bacteria, including the yybP and ykoY genes in B | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Casino, Inc. is a business simulation game for Windows. The player must construct a casino, fill it with attractions such as blackjack and poker tables, and hire staff to maintain the casino | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Castle Infinity was the first commercially launched MMOG for children. It was launched by Starwave Corporation in 1996, and featured personalized avatars, an embedded message system and live chat in a 2D side scrolling game world. It survives as a freeware MMOG | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
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