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Agricultural machinery relates to the mechanical structures and devices used in farming or other agriculture. There are many types of such equipment, from hand tools and power tools to tractors and the countless kinds of farm implements that they tow or operate. Diverse arrays of equipment are used in both organic and nonorganic farming | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
An animal engine is a machine powered by an animal. Horses, donkeys, oxen, dogs, and humans have all been used in this way. An unusual example of an animal engine was recorded at Portland, Victoria in 1866 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In robotics, Cartesian parallel manipulators are manipulators that move a platform using parallel-connected kinematic linkages ('limbs') lined up with a Cartesian coordinate system. Multiple limbs connect the moving platform to a base. Each limb is driven by a linear actuator and the linear actuators are mutually perpendicular | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A grease fitting, grease nipple, Zerk fitting, grease zerk, or Alemite fitting is a metal fitting used in mechanical systems to feed lubricants, usually lubricating grease, into a bearing under moderate to high pressure using a grease gun.
Design
Grease fittings are permanently installed by either a (taper) thread or straight push-fit ('hammer in') arrangement, leaving a nipple connection that a grease gun attaches to. The pressure supplied by the grease gun forces a small captive bearing ball in the fitting to move back against the force of its retaining spring | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Guarding of Machinery Convention, 1963 is an International Labour Organization Convention.
It was established in 1963, with the preamble stating:
Having decided upon the adoption of certain proposals with regard to the prohibition of the sale, hire and use of inadequately guarded machinery,. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Mechanization is the process of changing from working largely or exclusively by hand or with animals to doing that work with machinery. In an early engineering text a machine is defined as follows:
Every machine is constructed for the purpose of performing certain mechanical operations, each of which supposes the existence of two other things besides the machine in question, namely, a moving power, and an object subject to the operation, which may be termed the work to be done.
Machines, in fact, are interposed between the power and the work, for the purpose of adapting the one to the other | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Machines include both fixed and moving parts. The moving parts have controlled and constrained motions. Moving parts are machine components excluding any moving fluids, such as fuel, coolant or hydraulic fluid | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A patented track crane is a crane with a bottom flange of hardened steel and a raised tread to improve rolling.
History
In 1867, William Louden was issued a patent for a hay carrier. Rerolled from old car rails, this system handled loads of approximately 250 pounds (110 kg) and was suspended by hairpin-shaped hanger rods nailed to the exposed barn rafters | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A snow blower or snowblower or snow thrower is a machine for removing snow from an area where it is problematic, such as a driveway, sidewalk, roadway, railroad track, ice rink, or runway. The commonly used term "snow blower" is a misnomer, as the snow is moved using an auger or impeller instead of being blown (by air). It can use either electric power (line power or battery), or a gasoline or diesel engine to throw snow to another location or into a truck to be hauled away | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The technical meaning of maintenance involves functional checks, servicing, repairing or replacing of necessary devices, equipment, machinery, building infrastructure, and supporting utilities in industrial, business, and residential installations. Over time, this has come to include multiple wordings that describe various cost-effective practices to keep equipment operational; these activities occur either before or after a failure.
Definitions
Maintenance functions can be defined as maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO), and MRO is also used for maintenance, repair and operations | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Asset health management or (AHM) is the field of study which looks at how to manage the "health" of an asset or assets. This often includes methods to establish asset health and effort to decide the appropriate actions to be taken to manage the assets' health. This also includes the discussion of health at end of life to ensure the asset's full life is used efficiently | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Aircraft maintenance is the performance of tasks required to ensure the continuing airworthiness of an aircraft or aircraft part, including overhaul, inspection, replacement, defect rectification, and the embodiment of modifications, compliance with airworthiness directives and repair.
Regulation
The maintenance of aircraft is highly regulated, in order to ensure safe and correct functioning during flight. In civil aviation national regulations are coordinated under international standards, established by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Asset Integrity Management Systems (AIMS) outline the ability of an asset to perform its required function effectively and efficiently whilst protecting health, safety and the environment and the means of ensuring that the people, systems, processes, and resources that deliver integrity are in place, in use and will perform when required over the whole life-cycle of the asset. The technical aspects of AIMS are illustrated in Figure 1. Originally developed in the UK, Asset Integrity Management was the result of a collaboration between the HSE and leading oil and gas operators resulting in a series of reports (Belfry Report) and workshops, the outcome being a group of documents called Key Programmes (KP Series), currently publicly available | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A backshop or back-shop is a specialized store or workshop found in service industries, such as locomotive and aircraft repair. Most repairs are carried out in small workshops, except where an industrial service is needed.
In the military, backshops repair parts are known as shop-replaceable units (SRUs) | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Bathtub refinishing (also known as bathtub reglazing, bathtub resurfacing, or bathtub re-enameling) is a process of restoring the surface of a bathtub to improve its appearance and durability. It involves applying a new coating or finish on the existing bathtub surface, which can be made of materials such as porcelain, fiberglass, acrylic, or enamel.
Bathtub refinishing offers several advantages over traditional bathtub replacement | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The term bicycle tools usually refers to specialty tools only used on bicycles, as opposed to general purpose mechanical tools
such as spanners and hex wrenches. Various bicycle tools' have evolved over the years into specialized tools for working on a bicycle. Modern bicycle shops will stock a large number of tools for working on different bicycle parts | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A built-in self-test (BIST) or built-in test (BIT) is a mechanism that permits a machine to test itself. Engineers design BISTs to meet requirements such as:
high reliability
lower repair cycle timesor constraints such as:
limited technician accessibility
cost of testing during manufactureThe main purpose of BIST is to reduce the complexity, and thereby decrease the cost and reduce reliance upon external (pattern-programmed) test equipment. BIST reduces cost in two ways:
reduces test-cycle duration
reduces the complexity of the test/probe setup, by reducing the number of I/O signals that must be driven/examined under tester control | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Cannibalization of machine parts, in the maintenance of mechanical or electronic systems with interchangeable parts, refers to the practice of removing parts or subsystems necessary for repair from another similar device, rather than from inventory, usually when resources become limited. The source system is usually crippled as a result, perhaps only temporarily, in order to allow the recipient device to function properly again.
Cannibalization usually occurs due to unavailability of spare parts, an emergency, long resupply times, physical distance, or insufficient planning/budget | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Computer maintenance is the practice of keeping computers in a good state of repair. A computer containing accumulated dust and debris may not run properly.
PC Components
Keyboard
The crumbs, dust, and other particulate that fall between the keys and build up underneath are loosened by spraying pressurized air into the keyboard, then removed with a low-pressure vacuum cleaner | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Corrosion loop(s) are systematized analysis "loops" used during Risk-based inspection analysis.
Both terms “RBI Corrosion loops” or “RBI corrosion circuits” are generic terms used to indicate the systematization of piping systems into usable and understandable parts associated with corrosion.
Systematized piping loops or circuits are systems used in Risk Based Inspection analysis to assess the likelihood and consequence of failure | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Darning is a sewing technique for repairing holes or worn areas in fabric or knitting using needle and thread alone. It is often done by hand, but using a sewing machine is also possible. Hand darning employs the darning stitch, a simple running stitch in which the thread is "woven" in rows along the grain of the fabric, with the stitcher reversing direction at the end of each row, and then filling in the framework thus created, as if weaving | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Deferred maintenance is the practice of postponing maintenance activities such as repairs on both real property (i. e. infrastructure) and personal property (i | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Dissolved gas analysis (DGA) is an examination of electrical transformer oil contaminants. Insulating materials within electrical equipment liberate gases as they slowly break down over time. The composition and distribution of these dissolved gases are indicators of the effects of deterioration, such as pyrolysis or partial discharge, and the rate of gas generation indicates the severity | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Condition monitoring (colloquially, CM) is the process of monitoring a parameter of condition in machinery (vibration, temperature etc. ), in order to identify a significant change which is indicative of a developing fault. It is a major component of predictive maintenance | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A dutchman, or in some uses graving piece, is a matching piece of good material used to replace a relatively small damaged area that has been cut out of a larger item, to avoid having to replace the entire item; or, any of various techniques for accomplishing such a repair. In some cases, the meaning has been extended to include small pieces that are inserted between units of a larger structure as a planned part of the construction process, rather than as an ad hoc repair. The term is used in woodworking, masonry, railroading, boatbuilding, theater, and other fields | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The fabric shaver (also known as a lint shaver or fuzz remover) is a handheld electrical device that has a rotating blade underneath a blade net. It allows users to remove fuzz and pills on a fabric without damaging the fabric. It can be applied on different fabric-made items such as bedding, curtain or carpet, but mostly used for removing fuzz on clothes, especially sweaters, hoodies, or clothes made from wool, angora or cashmere | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Failure is the social concept of not meeting a desirable or intended objective, and is usually viewed as the opposite of success. The criteria for failure depends on context, and may be relative to a particular observer or belief system. One person might consider a failure what another person considers a success, particularly in cases of direct competition or a zero-sum game | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Failure causes are defects in design, process, quality, or part application, which are the underlying cause of a failure or which initiate a process which leads to failure. Where failure depends on the user of the product or process, then human error must be considered.
Component failure / failure modes
A part failure mode is the way in which a component failed "functionally" on the component level | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Failure mode effects and criticality analysis (FMECA) is an extension of failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA).
FMEA is a bottom-up, inductive analytical method which may be performed at either the functional or piece-part level. FMECA extends FMEA by including a criticality analysis, which is used to chart the probability of failure modes against the severity of their consequences | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Fault forwarding is a maintenance technique which is used to decrease the time taken to repair a vehicle. The problem is reported by the vehicle while it is in use and the maintenance team plan their repair before they have access to the vehicle. Therefore, when the vehicle is with them they will already have gathered the necessary parts and expertise | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Fault reporting is a maintenance concept that increases operational availability and that reduces operating cost by three mechanisms:
Reduce labor-intensive diagnostic evaluation
Eliminate diagnostic testing down-time
Provide notification to management for degraded operationThat is a prerequisite for condition-based maintenance. Active redundancy can be integrated with fault reporting to reduce the down time to a few minutes per year.
History
Formal maintenance philosophies are required by organizations whose primary responsibility is to ensure systems are ready when expected, such as space agencies and military | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Ferrography is a method of oil analysis used to inspect the severity and mechanisms of wear in machinery. This is achieved by separating ferrous debris from lubricating oil by use of a magnetic field with an instrument called a ferrograph, the result is then examined with microscopy. A trained analyst can then diagnose faults or predict failures | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A field-replaceable unit (FRU) is a printed circuit board, part, or assembly that can be quickly and easily removed from a computer or other piece of electronic equipment, and replaced by the user or a technician without having to send the entire product or system to a repair facility. FRUs allow a technician lacking in-depth product knowledge to isolate faults and replace faulty components. The granularity of FRUs in a system impacts total cost of ownership and support, including the costs of stocking spare parts, where spares are deployed to meet repair time goals, how diagnostic tools are designed and implemented, levels of training for field personnel, whether end-users can do their own FRU replacement, etc | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Health and usage monitoring systems (HUMS) is a generic term given to activities that utilize data collection and analysis techniques to help ensure availability, reliability and safety of vehicles. Activities similar to, or sometimes used interchangeably with, HUMS include condition-based maintenance (CBM) and operational data recording (ODR). This term HUMS is often used in reference to airborne craft and in particular rotor-craft – the term is cited as being introduced by the offshore oil industry after a commercial Chinook crashed in the North Sea, killing all but one passenger and one crew member in 1986 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Home repair involves the diagnosis and resolution of problems in a home, and is related to home maintenance to avoid such problems. Many types of repairs are "do it yourself" (DIY) projects, while others may be so complicated, time-consuming or risky as to require the assistance of a qualified handyperson, property manager, contractor/builder, or other professionals.
Home repair is not the same as renovation, although many improvements can result from repairs or maintenance | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Integrated vehicle health management (IVHM) or integrated system health management (ISHM) is the unified capability of systems to assess the current or future state of the member system health and integrate that picture of system health within a framework of available resources and operational demand.
Aims of IVHM
The aims of IVHM are to enable better management of vehicle and vehicle fleet health.
Improve safety through use of diagnostics and prognostics to fix faults before they are an issue | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Technical Integrity Engineering/Asset Integrity: is a term applied to the engineering disciplines associated with the design, assurance, and verification functions that ensure a product, process, or system meets its appropriate and intended requirements under stated operating conditions. Application of these disciplines minimizes the cost, schedule, technical, and legal risks of a program and improves the overall life cycle cost.
is a term that relates to the process that improves operational reliability, safety, and asset protection while helping to maximize plant performance and mitigate the constant challenges and hazards facing heavy industries such as the Oil and Gas, Power Generation, and Nuclear Power industries | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Integrity Management Plan (part of an asset integrity management system) is a documented and systematic approach to ensure the long-term integrity of an asset or assets. Integrity management planning is a process for assessing and mitigating risks in an effort to reduce both the likelihood and consequences of incidents.
Asset integrity plans are maintained and reviewed regularly so that they:
Optimize operational and capital expenditures
Ensure adoption of best-in-class practices
Assist management of risk
Increase shareholder, senior management, regulator and public confidence
Identify risks, conducting assessments, taking preventive actions and implementing mitigate measuresAn effective IMP should contain:
A process outline – details the process envelope (temperature pressure and velocity) in which the system operates and any critical parameters that must be followed | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
An intelligent maintenance system (IMS) is a system that utilizes collected data from machinery in order to predict and prevent potential failures in them. The occurrence of failures in machinery can be costly and even catastrophic. In order to avoid failures, there needs to be a system which analyzes the behavior of the machine and provides alarms and instructions for preventive maintenance | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
An intermittent fault, often called simply an "intermittent", (or anecdotally "interfailing") is a malfunction of a device or system that occurs at intervals, usually irregular, in a device or system that functions normally at other times. Intermittent faults are common to all branches of technology, including computer software. An intermittent fault is caused by several contributing factors, some of which may be effectively random, which occur simultaneously | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Maintenance Engineering is the discipline and profession of applying engineering concepts for the optimization of equipment, procedures, and departmental budgets to achieve better maintainability, reliability, and availability of equipment.
Maintenance, and hence maintenance engineering, is increasing in importance due to rising amounts of equipment, systems, machineries and infrastructure. Since the Industrial Revolution, devices, equipment, machinery and structures have grown increasingly complex, requiring a host of personnel, vocations and related systems needed to maintain them | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Maintenance testing is a test that is performed to either identify equipment problems, diagnose equipment problems, or confirm that repair measures have been effective. It can be performed at either the system level (e. g | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In information technology and systems management, a maintenance window is a period of time designated in advance by the technical staff, during which preventive maintenance that could cause disruption of service may be performed.
High availability services
For a high-availability service, such as an Internet hosting service or Internet service provider, the purpose of stating a time period in advance is to allow clients of the service to prepare for possible disruption or prepare for any major changes to the functioning of the service. This type of disclosure is typically guaranteed as part of a service level agreement | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Marine Corps Communication-Electronics School (MCCES) is the Marine Corps training ground for the majority of the communications and air/ground electronic maintenance Military Occupational Specialties (MOS). MCCES is based at the Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center Twentynine Palms, California.
Mission
To train Marines in ground electronics maintenance, tactical communications, and air control/anti-air warfare operations and maintenance in order to ensure commanders at all levels within the Marine Corps have the ability to exercise command and control throughout the operational environment; and to participate in technical and logistical evaluations for new communication, electronic maintenance, air control, and anti-air warfare systems in support of fielding and training | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Metal stitching is an industrial technique for repairing cracked and broken cast iron, steel, bronze or aluminium structures and their components. The process is carried out cold, without welding. It allows the repair of cast iron and cast steel, often in-situ, without the distortion from welding, and can be used in other situations where heat cannot be used to achieve a repair | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A motive power depot (MPD) or locomotive depot, or traction maintenance depot (TMD), is where locomotives are usually housed, repaired and maintained when not being used. They were originally known as "running sheds", "engine sheds" or, for short, just sheds. Facilities are provided for refuelling and replenishing water, lubricating oil and grease and, for steam engines, disposal of the ash | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
No fault found (NFF), no trouble found (NTF) or no defect found (NDF) are terms used in the field of maintenance, where a unit is removed from service following a complaint of a perceived fault by operators or an alarm from its BIT (built-in test) equipment. The unit is then checked, but no anomaly is detected by the maintainer. Consequently, the unit is returned to service with no repair performed | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Nondestructive Evaluation 4. 0 (NDE 4. 0) has been defined by Vrana et al | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Operational maintenance is the care and minor maintenance of equipment using procedures that do not require detailed technical knowledge of the equipment’s or system’s function and design. This category of operational maintenance normally consists of inspecting, cleaning, servicing, preserving, lubricating, and adjusting, as required. Such maintenance may also include minor parts replacement that does not require the person performing the work to have highly technical skills or to perform internal alignment | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Photovoltaic system performance is a function of the climatic conditions, the equipment used and the system configuration. PV performance can be measured as the ratio of actual solar PV system output vs expected values, the measurement being essential for proper solar PV facility's operation and maintenance. The primary energy input is the global light irradiance in the plane of the solar arrays, and this in turn is a combination of the direct and the diffuse radiation | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Piping corrosion circuit or Corrosion loop
/ Piping Circuitization and Corrosion Modelling, is carried out as part of either a Risk Based Inspection analysis (RBI) or Materials Operating Envelope analysis (MOE). It is the systematization of the piping components versus failure modes analysis into materials operating envelope. It groups piping materials / chemical make-up into systems / sub systems and assigns corrosion mechanisms | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Predictive maintenance techniques are designed to help determine the condition of in-service equipment in order to estimate when maintenance should be performed. This approach promises cost savings over routine or time-based preventive maintenance, because tasks are performed only when warranted. Thus, it is regarded as condition-based maintenance carried out as suggested by estimations of the degradation state of an item | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Proactive maintenance is the maintenance philosophy that supplants “failure reactive” with “failure proactive” by activities that avoid the underlying conditions that lead to machine faults and degradation. Unlike predictive or preventive maintenance, proactive maintenance commissions corrective actions aimed at failure root causes, not failure symptoms. Its central theme is to extend the life of machinery as opposed to
making repairs when often nothing is wrong,
accommodating failure as routine or normal, or
detecting impending failure conditions followed by remediation | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Prognostics is an engineering discipline focused on predicting the time at which a system or a component will no longer perform its intended function. This lack of performance is most often a failure beyond which the system can no longer be used to meet desired performance. The predicted time then becomes the remaining useful life (RUL), which is an important concept in decision making for contingency mitigation | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Reliability-centered maintenance (RCM) is a concept of maintenance planning to ensure that systems continue to do what their user require in their present operating context. Successful implementation of RCM will lead to increase in cost effectiveness, reliability, machine uptime, and a greater understanding of the level of risk that the organization is managing.
Context
It is generally used to achieve improvements in fields such as the establishment of safe minimum levels of maintenance, changes to operating procedures and strategies and the establishment of capital maintenance regimes and plans | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Remote Visual Inspection or Remote Digital Video Inspection, also known as RVI or RDVI, is a form of visual inspection which uses visual aids including video technology to allow an inspector to look at objects and materials from a distance because the objects are inaccessible or are in dangerous environments. RVI is also a specialty branch of nondestructive testing (NDT).
Purposes
Technologies include, but not limited to, rigid or flexible borescopes, videoscopes, fiberscopes, push cameras, pan/tilt/zoom cameras and robotic crawlers | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Repair Café is an organisation with venues setup to provide people with a place to gather and work on repairing objects of everyday life, such as electronics, mechanical devices, computers, bicycles, and clothing. Repair Cafés are typically held at community locations including churches, libraries, and college campuses where tools are available and device owners can fix their broken goods with the help of volunteers. Repair Café is a part of the grassroots movement that aims to reduce waste, overconsumption, and planned obsolescence | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A repair kit or service kit is a set of items used to repair a device, commonly comprising both tools and spare parts. Many kits are designed for vehicles, such as cars, boats, airplanes, motorbikes, and bicycles, and may be kept with the vehicle in order to make on-the-spot repairs. Some are considered essential safety equipment, and may be included survival kits | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Repairability is a measure of the degree to and ease with which a product can be repaired and maintained, usually by end consumers. Repairable products are put in contrast to obsolescence or products designed with planned obsolescence.
Some private organizations and companies, mostly affiliated with the right to repair movement, assign repairability scores to products as a way of communicating to consumers how easily repairable the product is | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Right to repair is a legal right for owners of devices and equipment to freely modify and repair products such as automobiles, electronics, and farm equipment. This right is framed in opposition to restrictions such as requirements to use only the manufacturer's maintenance services, restrictions on access to tools and components, and software barriers.
Obstacles to owner repair can lead to higher consumer costs or drive consumers to single-use devices instead of making repairs | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A motor vehicle service or tune-up is a series of maintenance procedures carried out at a set time interval or after the vehicle has traveled a certain distance. The service intervals are specified by the vehicle manufacturer in a service schedule and some modern cars display the due date for the next service electronically on the instrument panel. A tune-up should not be confused with engine tuning, which is the modifying of an engine to perform better than the original specification, rather than using maintenance to keep the engine running as it should | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Shaft alignment is the process of aligning two or more shafts with each other to within a tolerated margin. The resulting fault if alignment is not achieved within the demanded specifications is shaft misalignment, which may be offset or angular. Faults can lead to premature wear and damage to systems | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Shock pulse method (SPM) is a technique for using signals from rotating rolling bearings as the basis for efficient condition monitoring of machines. From the innovation of the method in 1969 it has been further developed and broadened and is a worldwide accepted philosophy for condition monitoring of rolling bearings and machine maintenance.
Difference between shock pulse and vibration
Consider a metal ball hitting a metal bar | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Soft foot is a common term used for machine frame distortion. The distortion is caused when one or more foot of a machine differ in height from the others. This in turn may be due to differences when the machine was manufactured, a squishy footage with oil film etc | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Structural health monitoring (SHM) involves the observation and analysis of a system over time using periodically sampled response measurements to monitor changes to the material and geometric properties of engineering structures such as bridges and buildings.
For long term SHM, the output of this process is periodically updated information regarding the ability of the structure to perform its intended function in light of the inevitable aging and degradation resulting from operational environments. After extreme events, such as earthquakes or blast loading, SHM is used for rapid condition screening and aims to provide, in near real time, reliable information regarding the integrity of the structure | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In occupational health and safety, a tagging system is a system of recording and displaying the status of a machine or equipment, enabling staff to view whether it is in working order. It is a product of industry-specific legislation which sets safety standards for a particular piece of equipment, involving inspection, record-keeping, and repair. This sets standardized umbrella terms for equipment and machinery (e | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Inspection and maintenance of tires is about inspecting for wear and damage on tires so that adjustments or measures can be made to take better care of the tires so that they last longer, or to detect or predict if repairs or replacement of the tires becomes necessary. Tire maintenance for motor vehicles is based on several factors. The chief reason for tire replacement is friction from moving contact with road surfaces, causing the tread on the outer perimeter of tires to eventually wear away | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Toner refilling is the practice of refilling empty laser printer toner cartridges with new toner powder. This enables the cartridge to be reused, saving the cost of a complete new cartridge and the impact of the waste and disposal of the old one.
While toner cartridges are commonly refilled with results reported to be good, in at least some cases refilling without full remanufacturing may leave waste toner from each print and paper debris in the cartridge, potentially causing backgrounding problems and producing contamination in the refilled cartridge | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In mechanical engineering, ultimate failure describes the breaking of a material. In general there are two types of failure: fracture and buckling. Fracture of a material occurs when either an internal or external crack elongates the width or length of the material | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Iglesia de San Francisco de Paula, Havana is part of the ecclesiastical heritage of Havana. It is located at 110 Calle Leonor Pérez on the corner of Calle San Ignacio. It is near the bay on the south side of Havana Vieja | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Coliseo of Havana was the first theatre built in Havana, constructed on January 20, 1775. It was built near the Alameda de Paula between Calles Acosta, Oficios, and Luz, in Old Havana. The theatre was the site of the first ever opera performed in Havana | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Iglesia del Santo Cristo del Buen Viaje is located in Havana Vieja on Calle Cristo between Calles Lamparilla y Teniente Rey. Built at a time in which transatlantic crossings were risky, it acquired popularity during colonial times as a temple dedicated to travelers and navigators. Travelers and especially sailors would visit before leaving on a journey, and to pay their respects upon arriving back on land | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Plaza del Vapor was a covered market in Havana. Its name derives from its builder Francisco Martí who became later the impresario of the Tacón Theatre and who had a monopoly of fish trade in the city. Martí had a painting placed against a wall from a bar of the ship El Neptuno, the first vapor (steam ship) that made regular round trips between Havana and Matanzas | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Hotel Rosita De Hornedo (renamed Hotel Sierra Maestra), located in the Puntilla [2] area of Miramar, was one of the first major buildings to be built by a private developer in the 1950s in Havana.
Alfredo Hornedo
Alfredo Hornedo y Suárez entered politics and was elected by the Liberal Party, first in 1914, as Councilman of the City of Havana, until he became a Senator; elected 1938 and reelected in 1944 and 1948. He was also delegated to the Constitutional Assembly of 1940 and presided over the Liberal Party between 1939 and 1947 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
El Torreón de San Lázaro is round tower of masonry built on the shore of the Caleta de San Lazaro. The Torreón de San Lázaro is approximately 4. 57 metres (15 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The architecture of Hong Kong features great emphasis on contemporary architecture, especially Modernism, Postmodernism, Functionalism, etc. Due to the lack of available land, few historical buildings remain in the urban areas of Hong Kong. Therefore, Hong Kong has become a centre for modern architecture as older buildings are cleared away to make space for newer, larger buildings | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Architectural Services Department is a department of the Government of Hong Kong responsible for the design and construction of many public facilities throughout the territory. It is subordinate to the Works Branch of the Development Bureau and the current director is Mr. Tse Cheong Wo, Edward | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The architecture of Macau is the architecture that is found in Macau. Macau has diverse architecture from the casinos in its casino region to its tallest building, Grand Lisboa (which stands at 258 metres). Macau is influenced by both Cantonese and Portuguese cultures | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Like other aspects of the culture of Africa, the architecture of Africa is exceptionally diverse. Throughout the history of Africa, Africans have developed their own local architectural traditions. In some cases, broader regional styles can be identified, such as the Sudano-Sahelian architecture of West Africa | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The African round hut known in literature as cone on cylinder or cone on drum hut. The hut has different names in various African languages. It is constructed usually with a conical foundation and peaked thatched roof | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A bender tent is a simple shelter. A bender tent is made using flexible branches or withies, such as those of hazel or willow. These are lodged in the ground, then bent and woven together to form a strong dome-shape | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Igbo Architecture, particularly in the pre-colonial era, was deeply rooted in the culture, environment, and available local resources. While there might be variations based on different communities and regions within the Igbo territory, here are some detailed characteristics of traditional or pre-colonial Igbo architecture
Traditional Igbo Architecture
In traditional Igbo architecture, the entrance to a compound held cultural and symbolic significance. The design of the entrance was often carefully considered to reflect the status of the family or community residing within the compound | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The impluvium (pl. impluvia) is a water-catchment pool system meant to capture rain-water flowing from the compluvium, or slanted roof. Often placed "inside", instead of "outside", a building, it is a notable feature in many architectural traditions | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The architecture of Mesopotamia is ancient architecture of the region of the Tigris–Euphrates river system (also known as Mesopotamia), encompassing several distinct cultures and spanning a period from the 10th millennium BC (when the first permanent structures were built) to the 6th century BC. Among the Mesopotamian architectural accomplishments are the development of urban planning, the courtyard house, and ziggurats. No architectural profession existed in Mesopotamia; however, scribes drafted and managed construction for the government, nobility, or royalty | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The history of architecture traces the changes in architecture through various traditions, regions, overarching stylistic trends, and dates. The beginnings of all these traditions is thought to be humans satisfying the very basic need of shelter and protection. The term "architecture" generally refers to buildings, but in its essence is much broader, including fields we now consider specialized forms of practice, such as urbanism, civil engineering, naval, military, and landscape architecture | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The construction of Gothic cathedrals was an ambitious, expensive, and technically demanding aspect of life in the Late Middle Ages.
From the late 11th century until the Renaissance, largely in Western Europe, Gothic cathedral construction required substantial funding, highly skilled workers, and engineering solutions for complex technical problems. Completion of a new cathedral often took at least half a century, yet many took longer or were rebuilt after fires or other damage | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Gothic style of architecture was strongly influenced by the Romanesque architecture which preceded it. Why the Gothic style emerged from Romanesque, and what the key influences on its development were, is a difficult problem for which there is a lack of concrete evidence because medieval Gothic architecture was not accompanied by contemporary written theory, in contrast to the 'Renaissance' and its treatises. A number of contrasting theories on the origins of Gothic have been advanced: for example, that Gothic emerged organically as a 'rationalist' answer to structural challenges; that Gothic was informed by the methods of medieval Scholastic philosophy; that Gothic was an attempt to imitate heaven and the light referred to in various Biblical passages such as Revelation; that Gothic was 'medieval modernism' deliberately rejecting the 'historicist' forms of classical architecture | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The peoples of Oceania, spread across multiple island groups in the Pacific Ocean, developed unique architectural styles that made optimal use of the available resources. These included materials like timber, bamboo, pandanus, coconut palm, and coral.
Materials and Their Processing
Timber
In the Pacific Islands, timber was and remains a crucial building material, with diverse species being utilized for different purposes | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Inca architecture is the most significant pre-Columbian architecture in South America. The Incas inherited an architectural legacy from Tiwanaku, founded in the 2nd century B. C | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGF-R) are cell surface tyrosine kinase receptors for members of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) family. PDGF subunits -A and -B are important factors regulating cell proliferation, cellular differentiation, cell growth, development and many diseases including cancer. There are two forms of the PDGF-R, alpha and beta each encoded by a different gene | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor A, also termed CD140a, is a receptor located on the surface of a wide range of cell types. The protein is encoded in the human by the PDGFRA gene. This receptor binds to certain isoforms of platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) and thereby becomes active in stimulating cell signaling pathways that elicit responses such as cellular growth and differentiation | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Tyrosine-protein kinase-like 7 also known as colon carcinoma kinase 4 (CCK4) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that in humans is encoded by the PTK7 gene.
Function
Receptor protein tyrosine kinases transduce extracellular signals across the cell membrane. A subgroup of these kinases lack detectable catalytic tyrosine kinase activity but retain roles in signal transduction | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The RET proto-oncogene encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase for members of the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family of extracellular signalling molecules. RET loss of function mutations are associated with the development of Hirschsprung's disease, while gain of function mutations are associated with the development of various types of human cancer, including medullary thyroid carcinoma, multiple endocrine neoplasias type 2A and 2B, pheochromocytoma and parathyroid hyperplasia.
Structure
RET is an abbreviation for "rearranged during transfection", as the DNA sequence of this gene was originally found to be rearranged within a 3T3 fibroblast cell line following its transfection with DNA taken from human lymphoma cells | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Tyrosine-protein kinase transmembrane receptor ROR1, also known as neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor-related 1 (NTRKR1), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ROR1 gene. ROR1 is a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor (ROR) family.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a receptor tyrosine kinase that modulates neurite growth in the central nervous system | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase ROS is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ROS1 gene.
Function
This proto-oncogene, highly expressed in a variety of tumor cell lines, belongs to the sevenless subfamily of tyrosine kinase insulin receptor genes. The protein encoded by this gene is a type I integral membrane protein with tyrosine kinase activity | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Angiopoietin-1 receptor also known as CD202B (cluster of differentiation 202B) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TEK gene. Also known as TIE2, it is an angiopoietin receptor.
Function
The TEK receptor tyrosine kinase is expressed almost exclusively in endothelial cells in mice, rats, and humans | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin-like and EGF-like domains 1 also known as TIE1 is an angiopoietin receptor which in humans is encoded by the TIE1 gene.
Function
TIE1 is a cell surface protein expressed exclusively in endothelial cells, however it has also been shown to be expressed in immature hematopoietic cells and platelets. TIE1 upregulates the cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) VCAM-1, E-selectin, and ICAM-1 through a p38-dependent mechanism | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Trk receptors are a family of tyrosine kinases that regulates synaptic strength and plasticity in the mammalian nervous system. Trk receptors affect neuronal survival and differentiation through several signaling cascades. However, the activation of these receptors also has significant effects on functional properties of neurons | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA), also known as high affinity nerve growth factor receptor, neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 1, or TRK1-transforming tyrosine kinase protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NTRK1 gene. This gene encodes a member of the neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor (NTKR) family. This kinase is a membrane-bound receptor that, upon neurotrophin binding, phosphorylates itself (autophosphorylation) and members of the MAPK pathway | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), also known as tyrosine receptor kinase B, or BDNF/NT-3 growth factors receptor or neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NTRK2 gene. TrkB is a receptor for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Standard pronunciation is "track bee" | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
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