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Tropomyosin receptor kinase C (TrkC), also known as NT-3 growth factor receptor, neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 3, or TrkC tyrosine kinase is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NTRK3 gene. TrkC is the high affinity catalytic receptor for the neurotrophin NT-3 (neurotrophin-3). As such, TrkC mediates the multiple effects of this neurotrophic factor, which includes neuronal differentiation and survival | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
VEGF receptors (VEGFRs) are receptors for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). There are three main subtypes of VEGFR, numbered 1, 2 and 3. Depending on alternative splicing, they may be membrane-bound (mbVEGFR) or soluble (sVEGFR) | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FLT1 gene.
Function
FLT1 is a member of VEGF receptor gene family. It encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase which is activated by VEGF-A, VEGF-B, and placental growth factor | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Bridget Olivia Carragher (born 17 June 1957) is a South African physicist specialized in electron microscopy.
Carragher is an adjunct professor at the Columbia University (New York City, NY) and the founder and Chief Operations Officer of NanoImaging Services, Inc. She is also the director of the National Resources for Automated Molecular Microscopy (NRAMM), director of the Simons Electron Microscopy Center at New York Structural Biology Center (New York City, NY) and PI at the National Center for CryoEM Access and Training | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Protein structure is the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in an amino acid-chain molecule. Proteins are polymers – specifically polypeptides – formed from sequences of amino acids, which are the monomers of the polymer. A single amino acid monomer may also be called a residue, which indicates a repeating unit of a polymer | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
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3D-Jury is a metaserver that aggregates and compares models from various protein structure prediction servers. It takes in groups of predictions made by a collection of servers and assigns each pair a 3D-Jury score, based on structural similarity. The score is generated by counting the number of Cα atoms in the two predictions within 3 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The database of three-dimensional interacting domains (3did) is a biological database containing a catalogue of protein-protein interactions for which a high-resolution 3D structure is known. 3did collects and classifies all structural models of domain-domain interactions in the Protein Data Bank, providing molecular details for such interactions. 3did uses the Pfam database to define the position of protein domains in the protein structures | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Anfinsen's dogma, also known as the thermodynamic hypothesis, is a postulate in molecular biology. It states that, at least for a small globular protein in its standard physiological environment, the native structure is determined only by the protein's amino acid sequence. The dogma was championed by the Nobel Prize Laureate Christian B | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In biochemistry, avidity refers to the accumulated strength of multiple affinities of individual non-covalent binding interactions, such as between a protein receptor and its ligand, and is commonly referred to as functional affinity. Avidity differs from affinity, which describes the strength of a single interaction. However, because individual binding events increase the likelihood of occurrence of other interactions (i | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In protein structures, a beta barrel is a beta sheet composed of tandem repeats that twists and coils to form a closed toroidal structure in which the first strand is bonded to the last strand (hydrogen bond). Beta-strands in many beta-barrels are arranged in an antiparallel fashion. Beta barrel structures are named for resemblance to the barrels used to contain liquids | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In molecular biology, binding domain is a protein domain which binds to a specific atom or molecule, such as calcium or DNA. A protein domain is a part of a protein sequence and a tertiary structure that can change or evolve, function, and live by itself independent of the rest of the protein chain. Upon binding, proteins may undergo a conformational change | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In biochemistry and molecular biology, a binding site is a region on a macromolecule such as a protein that binds to another molecule with specificity. The binding partner of the macromolecule is often referred to as a ligand. Ligands may include other proteins (resulting in a protein-protein interaction), enzyme substrates, second messengers, hormones, or allosteric modulators | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
BriX is a database containing some protein fragments from 4 to 14 residue from non-homologous proteins. There are very few loops registered in Brix, so to address this issue, Loop Brix was added to the system to help structure non-regular elements. These are organized with clustering of end to end elements, and their distance between residues that flank the top of the peptide | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The C-terminus (also known as the carboxyl-terminus, carboxy-terminus, C-terminal tail, C-terminal end, or COOH-terminus) is the end of an amino acid chain (protein or polypeptide), terminated by a free carboxyl group (-COOH). When the protein is translated from messenger RNA, it is created from N-terminus to C-terminus. The convention for writing peptide sequences is to put the C-terminal end on the right and write the sequence from N- to C-terminus | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The CATH Protein Structure Classification database is a free, publicly available online resource that provides information on the evolutionary relationships of protein domains. It was created in the mid-1990s by Professor Christine Orengo and colleagues including Janet Thornton and David Jones, and continues to be developed by the Orengo group at University College London. CATH shares many broad features with the SCOP resource, however there are also many areas in which the detailed classification differs greatly | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Chemical modification refers to a number of various processes involving the alteration of the chemical constitution or structure of molecules.
In chemistry
Chemical modification describes the conversion of macromolecules through a chemical reaction or series of reactions.
Chemically modified electrodes
Chemically modified electrodes are electrodes that have their surfaces chemically converted to change the electrode's properties, such as its physical, chemical, electrochemical, optical, electrical, and transport characteristics | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The chemical shift index or CSI is a widely employed technique in protein nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy that can be used to display and identify the location (i. e. start and end) as well as the type of protein secondary structure (beta strands, helices and random coil regions) found in proteins using only backbone chemical shift data The technique was invented by David S | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Chemical specificity is the ability of binding site of a macromolecule (such as a protein) to bind specific ligands. The fewer ligands a protein can bind, the greater its specificity.
Specificity describes the strength of binding between a given protein and ligand | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In biomolecular structure, CING stands for the Common Interface for NMR structure Generation and is known for structure and NMR data validation. NMR spectroscopy provides diverse data on the solution structure of biomolecules. CING combines many external programs and internalized algorithms to direct an author of a new structure or a biochemist interested in an existing structure to regions of the molecule that might be problematic in relation to the experimental data | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Circular dichroism (CD) is dichroism involving circularly polarized light, i. e. , the differential absorption of left- and right-handed light | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Citrullination or deimination is the conversion of the amino acid arginine in a protein into the amino acid citrulline. Citrulline is not one of the 20 standard amino acids encoded by DNA in the genetic code. Instead, it is the result of a post-translational modification | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In computational chemistry, conformational ensembles, also known as structural ensembles, are experimentally constrained computational models describing the structure of intrinsically unstructured proteins. Such proteins are flexible in nature, lacking a stable tertiary structure, and therefore cannot be described with a single structural representation. The techniques of ensemble calculation are relatively new on the field of structural biology, and are still facing certain limitations that need to be addressed before it will become comparable to classical structural description methods such as biological macromolecular crystallography | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In chemical thermodynamics, conformational entropy is the entropy associated with the number of conformations of a molecule. The concept is most commonly applied to biological macromolecules such as proteins and RNA, but also be used for polysaccharides and other molecules. To calculate the conformational entropy, the possible conformations of the molecule may first be discretized into a finite number of states, usually characterized by unique combinations of certain structural parameters, each of which has been assigned an energy | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A conjugated protein is a protein that functions in interaction with other (non-polypeptide) chemical groups attached by covalent bonding or weak interactions. Many proteins contain only amino acids and no other chemical groups, and they are called simple proteins. However, other kind of proteins yield, on hydrolysis, some other chemical component in addition to amino acids and they are called conjugated proteins | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Conserved Domain Database (CDD) is a database of well-annotated multiple sequence alignment models and derived database search models, for ancient domains and full-length proteins.
Philosophy
Domains can be thought of as distinct functional and/or structural units of a protein. These two classifications coincide rather often, as a matter of fact, and what is found as an independently folding unit of a polypeptide chain also carries specific function | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The contact order of a protein is a measure of the locality of the inter-amino acid contacts in the protein's native state tertiary structure. It is calculated as the average sequence distance between residues that form native contacts in the folded protein divided by the total length of the protein. Higher contact orders indicate longer folding times, and low contact order has been suggested as a predictor of potential downhill folding, or protein folding that occurs without a free energy barrier | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Cooperative binding occurs in molecular binding systems containing more than one type, or species, of molecule and in which one of the partners is not mono-valent and can bind more than one molecule of the other species. In general, molecular binding is an interaction between molecules that results in a stable physical association between those molecules.
Cooperative binding occurs in a molecular binding system where two or more ligand molecules can bind to a receptor molecule | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is a cryomicroscopy technique applied on samples cooled to cryogenic temperatures. For biological specimens, the structure is preserved by embedding in an environment of vitreous ice. An aqueous sample solution is applied to a grid-mesh and plunge-frozen in liquid ethane or a mixture of liquid ethane and propane | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The cyclol hypothesis is the now discredited first structural model of a folded, globular protein, formulated in the 1930s. It was based on the cyclol reaction of peptide bonds proposed by physicist Frederick Frank in 1936, in which two peptide groups are chemically crosslinked. These crosslinks are covalent analogs of the non-covalent hydrogen bonds between peptide groups and have been observed in rare cases, such as the ergopeptides | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A cystine knot is a protein structural motif containing three disulfide bridges (formed from pairs of cysteine residues). The sections of polypeptide that occur between two of them form a loop through which a third disulfide bond passes, forming a rotaxane substructure. The cystine knot motif stabilizes protein structure and is conserved in proteins across various species | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In computational biology, de novo protein structure prediction refers to an algorithmic process by which protein tertiary structure is predicted from its amino acid primary sequence. The problem itself has occupied leading scientists for decades while still remaining unsolved. According to Science, the problem remains one of the top 125 outstanding issues in modern science | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In biochemistry, denaturation is a process in which proteins or nucleic acids lose the quaternary structure, tertiary structure, and secondary structure which is present in their native state, by application of some external stress or compound such as a strong acid or base, a concentrated inorganic salt, an organic solvent (e. g. , alcohol or chloroform), agitation and radiation or heat | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Denaturation midpoint of a protein is defined as the temperature (Tm) or concentration of denaturant (Cm) at which both the folded and unfolded states are equally populated at equilibrium (assuming two-state protein folding). Tm is often determined using a thermal shift assay.
If the widths of the folded and unfolded wells are assumed to be equal both these states will have identical free energies at the midpoint | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Desmosine is an amino acid found uniquely in elastin, a protein found in connective tissue such as skin, lungs, and elastic arteries.
Desmosine is a component of elastin and cross links with its isomer, isodesmosine, giving elasticity to the tissue. Detection of desmosine in urine, plasma or sputum samples can be a marker for elastin breakdown due to high elastase activity related to certain diseases | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Detyrosination is a form of posttranslational modification that occurs on alpha-tubulin. It consists of the removal of the C-terminal tyrosine to expose a glutamate at the newly formed C-terminus. Tubulin polymers, called microtubules, that contain detyrosinated alpha-tubulin are usually referred to as Glu-microtubules while unmodified polymers are called Tyr-microtubules | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A dihedral angle is the angle between two intersecting planes or half-planes. In chemistry, it is the clockwise angle between half-planes through two sets of three atoms, having two atoms in common. In solid geometry, it is defined as the union of a line and two half-planes that have this line as a common edge | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
DOPE, or Discrete Optimized Protein Energy, is a statistical potential used to assess homology models in protein structure prediction. DOPE is based on an improved reference state that corresponds to noninteracting atoms in a homogeneous sphere with the radius dependent on a sample native structure; it thus accounts for the finite and spherical shape of the native structures. It is implemented in the popular homology modeling program MODELLER and used to assess the energy of the protein model generated through many iterations by MODELLER, which produces homology models by the satisfaction of spatial restraints | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A dodecameric protein has a quaternary structure consisting of 12 protein subunits in a complex. Dodecameric complexes can have a number of subunit 'topologies', but typically only a few of the theoretically possible subunit arrangements are observed in protein structures.
A dodecamer (protein) is a protein complex with 12 protein subunits | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Downhill folding is a process in which a protein folds without encountering any significant macroscopic free energy barrier. It is a key prediction of the folding funnel hypothesis of the energy landscape theory of proteins.
Overview
Downhill folding is predicted to occur under conditions of extreme native bias, i | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
DreamLab is a volunteer computing Android and iOS app launched in 2015 by Imperial College London and the Vodafone Foundation.
Description
The app currently helps to research cancer, COVID-19, new drugs and tropical cyclones. To do this, DreamLab accesses part of the device's processing power, with the user's consent, while the owner is charging their smartphone, to speed up the calculations of the algorithms from Imperial College London | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
BPI fold containing family B, member 6 (BPIFB6), also known as bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein-like 3 (BPIL3), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BPIFB6 gene, also known as BPIL3 and LPLUNC6. It is expressed at high levels in hypertrophic tonsils, at relatively moderate levels in oronasal epithelium including nasal mucosa, tongue, and salivary gland, as well as esophageal mucosa at lesser levels. Orthologs are present in many vertebrate species including mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
BRCA1-associated ATM activator 1 is a protein in humans that is encoded by the BRAT1 gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this ubiquitously expressed gene interacts with the tumor suppressing BRCA1 (breast cancer 1) protein and the ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated) protein. ATM is thought to be a master controller of cell cycle checkpoint signalling pathways that are required for cellular responses to DNA damage such as double-strand breaks that are induced by ionizing radiation and complexes with BRCA1 in the multi-protein complex BASC (BRAC1-associated genome surveillance complex) | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Bromodomain-containing protein 9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BRD9 gene.
Structure and interaction
BRD9 contains a bromodomain. It is closely related to BRD7 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Fanconi anemia group J protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BRCA1-interacting protein 1 (BRIP1) gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the RecQ DEAH helicase family and interacts with the BRCT repeats of breast cancer, type 1 (BRCA1). The bound complex is important in the normal double-strand break repair function of breast cancer, type 1 (BRCA1) | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Bromo adjacent homology domain containing 1 (BAHD1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BAHD1 gene. BAHD1 is involved in heterochromatin formation and transcriptional repression.
Discovery
BAHD1 was first cloned from a human brain cDNA library and the coding sequence was named KIAA0945 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The bump-and-hole method is a tool in chemical genetics for studying a specific isoform in a protein family without perturbing the other members of the family. The unattainability of isoform-selective inhibition due to structural homology in protein families is a major challenge of chemical genetics. With the bump-and-hole approach, a protein–ligand interface is engineered to achieve selectivity through steric complementarity while maintaining biochemical competence and orthogonality to the wild type pair | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Butyrophilins are membrane proteins belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily (Ig). Butyrophilin (Btn) genes constitute a subgroup of at least 10 genes in the Ig superfamily identified in human, mouse, cow, goat and other species. The eponymous Btn gene (BTN1A1 in humans; Btn1a1 in mouse) is highly expressed in the secretory epithelium of the mammary gland during lactation | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A C-type lectin (CLEC) is a type of carbohydrate-binding protein known as a lectin. The C-type designation is from their requirement for calcium for binding. Proteins that contain C-type lectin domains have a diverse range of functions including cell-cell adhesion, immune response to pathogens and apoptosis | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Uncharacterized protein C1orf21, also known as Proliferation-Inducing Protein 13, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C1orf21 gene. C1orf21 is an intracellular protein that flows between the nucleus and the cytoplasm in the cell. It has been linked with cell growth and reproduction and there has been strong links with various types of cancers | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Chromosome 1 open reading frame 38 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C1orf38 gene. The gene is also known as ICB-1 and THEMIS2 in humans, and the orthologue in mice is BC013712. C1orf38 has been associated with cancer susceptibility | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
UPF0739 protein C1orf74 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C1orf74 gene.
Gene
The gene C1orf74 is a protein-encoding gene on chromosome 1 in humans. It is also known as URLC4 in humans | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Chromosome 1 open reading frame 185, also known as C1orf185, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C1orf185 gene. In humans, C1orf185 is a lowly expressed protein that has been found to be occasionally expressed in the circulatory system.
Gene
C1orf185 is located on chromosome 1 in humans on the positive strand between bases 51,102,221 and 51,148,086 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Chromosome 2 open reading frame 54, otherwise known as Mab21L4, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C2orf54 gene. The orthologue in mice is 2310007B03Rik.
Model organisms
Model organisms have been used in the study of C2orf54 function | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
C5orf34 (chromosome 5 open reading frame 34) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C5orf34 gene (5p12). C5orf34 is conserved in mammals, birds and reptiles with the most distant ancestor being the Burmese python, Python bivittatus. The C5orf34 protein contains two mammalian conserved domains: DUF 4520 and DUF 4524 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Chromosome 5 open reading frame 45 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C5orf45 gene. The orthologue in mice is 3010026O09Rik.
Model organisms
Model organisms have been used in the study of C5orf45 function | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
C5orf46 is a protein coding gene located on chromosome 5 in humans. It is also known as sssp1, or skin and saliva secreted protein 1. There are two known isoforms known in humans, with isoform 2 (analyzed throughout this page) being the longer of the two | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Chromosome 6 open reading frame 201, C6orf201, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C6orf201 gene.
In humans this gene encodes for a nuclear protein that is primarily expressed in the testis.
Gene
In humans, the gene is 51,558 base pairs long | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
C6orf222 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C6orf222 gene (6p21. 31). C6orf222 is conserved in mammals, birds and reptiles with the most distant ortholog being the green sea turtle, Chelonia mydas | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
C8orf48 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C8orf48 gene. C8orf48 is a nuclear protein specifically predicted to be located in the nuclear lamina. C8orf48 has been found to interact with proteins that are involved in the regulation of various cellular responses like gene expression, protein secretion, cell proliferation, and inflammatory responses | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
C11orf42 is an uncharacterized protein in homo sapiens that is encoded by the C11orf42 gene. It is also known as chromosome 11 open reading frame 42 and uncharacterized protein C11orf42, with no other aliases. The gene is mostly conserved in mammals, but it has also been found in rodents, reptiles, fish and worms | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
C11orf52 is an uncharacterized protein that in homo sapiens is encoded by the C11orf52 gene.
Gene
Location
C11orf52 is located on chromosome 11 at 11q23. 1, starting at 111908620 and ending at 112064278 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Chromosome 11 open reading frame 53 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C11orf53 gene. Reduction in C11orf53 gene expression is associated with increased odds of occurrence of colorectal cancer. Specifically sequence variation (rs3802842) close to the C11orf53 gene locus that lowers the expression of C11orf53 has been observed in the colonic mucosal cells immediately adjacent to colon cancer tumors | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
C13orf38 is a protein found in the thirteenth chromosome with an open reading frame number 38. It is 139 amino acids long. The protein goes by a number of aliases CCDC169-SOHLH2 and CCDC169 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Uncharacterized protein C14orf80 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the chromosome 14 open reading frame 80, C14orf80, gene.
Gene
Location
C14orf80 is located on chromosome 14 (14q32. 33) starting at 105,489,855bp and ending at 105,499,248bp | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Uncharacterized protein Chromosome 16 Open Reading Frame 71 is a protein in humans, encoded by the C16orf71 gene. The gene is expressed in epithelial tissue of the respiratory system, adipose tissue, and the testes. Predicted associated biological processes of the gene include regulation of the cell cycle, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell differentiation in those tissue types | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
C16orf90 or chromosome 16 open reading frame 90 produces uncharacterized protein C16orf90 in homo sapiens. C16orf90's protein has four predicted alpha-helix domains and is mildly expressed in the testes and lowly expressed throughout the body. While the function of C16orf90 is not yet well understood by the scientific community, it has suspected involvement in the biological stress response and apoptosis based on expression data from microarrays and post-translational modification data | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Chromosome 16 open reading frame 95 (C16orf95) is a gene which in humans encodes the protein C16orf95. It has orthologs in mammals, and is expressed at a low level in many tissues. C16orf95 evolves quickly compared to other proteins | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Chromosome 17 open reading frame 75 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C17orf75 gene. C17orf75 is also known as SRI2 (sensitization to ricin complex subunit 2) and is a human protein encoding gene located at 17q11. 2 on the complementary strand | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
C20orf202 (chromosome 20 open reading frame 202) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C20orf202 gene.
In humans, this gene encodes for a nuclear protein that is primarily expressed in the lung and placenta.
Gene
C20orf202 is located on the plus strand of chromosome 20 at 20p13 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
C22orf31 (chromosome 22, open reading frame 31) is a protein which in humans is encoded by the C22orf31 gene. The C22orf31 mRNA transcript has an upstream in-frame stop codon, while the protein has a domain of unknown function (DUF4662) spanning the majority of the protein-coding region. The protein has orthologs with high percent similarity in mammals | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CACNA1B gene. The α1B protein, together with β and α2δ subunits forms N-type calcium channel (Cav2. 2 channel) PMID 26386135 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Calcium homeostasis modulator 1 (CALHM1) is a pore-forming subunit of a voltage-gated ion channel and a voltage-gated ATP channel that in humans is encoded by the CALHM1 gene.
Function
Central nervous system
CALHM1 was identified by a tissue-specific gene expression profiling approach that screened for genes located on susceptibility loci for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) and that are preferentially expressed in the hippocampus, a brain region affected early in AD. CALHM1 is a plasma membrane calcium-permeable ion channel regulated by voltage and extracellular calcium levels | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
CARMIL1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CARMIL1 gene. The gene is also known as LRRC16, LRRC16A, CARMIL, or CARMIL1a.
Model organisms
Model organisms have been used in the study of CARMIL1 function | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 2, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CPT2 gene.
Function
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II precursor (CPT2) is a mitochondrial membrane protein which is transported to the mitochondrial inner membrane. CPT2 together with carnitine palmitoyltransferase I oxidizes long-chain fatty acids in the mitochondria | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Caspase-activated DNase (CAD) or DNA fragmentation factor subunit beta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DFFB gene. It breaks up the DNA during apoptosis and promotes cell differentiation. It is usually an inactive monomer inhibited by ICAD | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Chromobox homolog 7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CBX7 gene. The loss of CBX7 gene expression has been shown to correlate with a malignant form of thyroid cancer.
Model organisms
Model organisms have been used in the study of CBX7 function | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Coiled-coil domain 47 (CCDC47) is a gene located on human chromosome 17, specifically locus 17q23. 3 which encodes for the protein CCDC47. The gene has several aliases including GK001 and MSTP041 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Coiled-coil domain-containing 78 (CCDC78) is a protein in humans encoded by the CCDC78 gene. It has several aliases including C16orf25, FLJ34512, CNM4, and JFP10. It is located on the (-) strand on chromosome 16 (16p13 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Coiled-coil domain containing 104 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCDC104 gene.
Model organisms
Model organisms have been used in the study of CCDC104 function. A conditional knockout mouse line, called Ccdc104tm1a(EUCOMM)Wtsi was generated as part of the International Knockout Mouse Consortium program — a high-throughput mutagenesis project to generate and distribute animal models of disease to interested scientists | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 135, also known as CCDC135, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCDC135 gene.
Gene
CCDC90B is located on chromosome 16 in humans. It is neighbored by:
GPR97, G protein-coupled receptor 97 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Basal body-orientation factor 1 (BBOF1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the gene CCDC176, which is located on the plus strand of chromosome 14 at 14q24. 3. CCDC176 is neighbored by ALDH6A1 and ENTPD5 at the same locus | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
CD58, or lymphocyte function-associated antigen 3 (LFA-3), is a cell adhesion molecule expressed on Antigen Presenting Cells (APCs), particularly macrophages, and other tissue cells. CD58 binds to CD2 (LFA-2) on T cells and is important in strengthening the adhesion and recognition between the T cells and Professional Antigen Presenting Cells, facilitating signal transduction necessary for an immune response. This adhesion occurs as part of the transitory initial encounters between T cells and Antigen Presenting Cells before T cell activation, when T cells are roaming the lymph nodes looking at the surface of APCs for peptide:MHC complexes the T-cell receptors are reactive to | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Centrosomal protein 89, also known as Centrosomal protein of 89 kDa (CEP89), Centrosomal protein 123 (CEP123), or Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 123 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CEP89 gene.
Structure
The CEP89 gene is located on the q arm of chromosome 19 at position 13. 11 and it spans 96,104 base pairs | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Ceramide synthase 4 (CerS4) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CERS4 gene and is one of the least studied of the ceramide synthases.
Function and distribution
CerS4 synthesizes ceramides containing C18-22 fatty acids in a fumonisin B1-independent manner. It is expressed at highest levels in skin, leukocytes, heart and liver, although at much lower levels than other ceramide synthases | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Ceramide synthase 5 (CerS5) is the enzyme encoded in humans by the CERS5 gene.
Function
CerS5 robustly synthesizes C16-ceramide, which is often considered to be an important pro-apoptotic ceramide. De novo ceramide synthesis is an essential trigger for Bax activation in hypoxia/reoxygenation | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
CFAP47, or cilia and flagella associated protein 47, is a human gene encoded on the X chromosome. in humans. CXorf59 is located on chromosome X at locus Xp21 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Chorionic gonadotropin, beta polypeptide 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CGB5 gene.
Function
This gene is a member of the glycoprotein hormone beta chain family and encodes the beta 5 subunit of chorionic gonadotropin (CG). Glycoprotein hormones are heterodimers consisting of a common alpha subunit and a unique beta subunit which confers biological specificity | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The high-affinity choline transporter (ChT) also known as solute carrier family 5 member 7 is a protein in humans that is encoded by the SLC5A7 gene. It is a cell membrane transporter and carries choline into acetylcholine-synthesizing neurons.
Hemicholinium-3 is an inhibitor of the ChT and can be used to deplete acetylcholine stores, while coluracetam is an enhancer of the ChT and can increase cholinergic neurotransmission by enhancing acetylcholine synthesis | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are proteoglycans consisting of a protein core and a chondroitin sulfate side chain. They are known to be structural components of a variety of human tissues, including cartilage, and also play key roles in neural development and glial scar formation. They are known to be involved in certain cell processes, such as cell adhesion, cell growth, receptor binding, cell migration, and interaction with other extracellular matrix constituents | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
CHRNA7-FAM7A fusion protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CHRFAM7A gene. The nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are members of a superfamily of ligand-gated ion channels that mediate fast signal transmission at synapses. The family member CHRNA7, which is located on chromosome 15 in a region associated with several neuropsychiatric disorders, is partially duplicated and forms a hybrid with a novel gene from the family with sequence similarity 7 (FAM7A) | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Chemokine-like factor (CKLF) is a member of the CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing family of proteins that in humans is encoded by the CKLF gene. This gene is located on band 22. 1 in the long (i | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
CKLF like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing 1 (i. e. CMTM1), formerly termed chemokine-like factor superfamily 1 (i | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
CKLF like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing 4 (i. e. CMTM4), formerly termed chemokine-like factor superfamily 4 (i | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing 5 (CMTM5), previously termed chemokine-like factor superfamily 5 (i. e. CKLFSF5), designates any one of the six protein isoforms (termed CMTM5-v1 to CMTM5-v6) encoded by six different alternative splices of its gene, CMTM5; CMTM5-v1 is the most studied of these isoforms | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
CAP-Gly Domain Containing Linker Protein Family Member 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLIP4 gene. In terms of conserved domains, the CLIP4 gene contains primarily ankyrin repeats and the eponymous CAP-Gly domains. The structure of the CLIP4 protein is largely made up of coil, with alpha helices dominating the rest of the protein | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing protein 2 (i. e. CMTM2), previously termed chemokine-like factor superfamily 2 ( i | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
CCR4-NOT transcription complex, subunit 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CNOT4 gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of the CCR4-Not complex, a global transcriptional regulator and deadenylase. The encoded protein interacts with CNOT1 and has ubiquitin ligase activity | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the COA5 gene. This gene encodes an ortholog of yeast Pet191, which in yeast is a subunit of a large oligomeric complex associated with the mitochondrial inner membrane, and required for the assembly of the cytochrome c oxidase complex. Mutations in this gene are associated with mitochondrial complex IV deficiency | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 7 (putative) (COA7), also known as Beta-lactamase hap-like protein, Respiratory chain assembly factor 1 (RESA1), Sel1 repeat-containing protein 1 (SELRC1), or C1orf163 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the COA7 gene. The protein encoded by COA7 is an assembly factor important for the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Mutations in COA7 have been associated with cytochrome c oxidase deficiency resulting in spinocerebellar ataxia with axonal neuropathy type 3 and mitochondrial myopathy | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
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