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Laser thermal keratoplasty is a non-contact laser refractive surgery to the cornea of the eye.
Procedure
The procedure employs a holmium laser to place a ring of concentric laser burns on the cornea between 6 mm and 7 mm in diameter. These burns cause a ring of constriction on the peripheral cornea causing the cornea to steepen making the eye focus better at near | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A limbal ring is a dark ring around the iris of the eye, where the sclera meets the cornea. It is a dark-colored manifestation of the corneal limbus resulting from optical properties of the region. The appearance and visibility of the limbal ring can be negatively affected by a variety of medical conditions concerning the peripheral cornea | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The limbus sign is a ring of dystrophic calcification evident as a "milky precipitate" (i. e. abnormal white color) at the corneal limbus | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Lisch epithelial corneal dystrophy (LECD), also known as band-shaped and whorled microcystic dystrophy of the corneal epithelium, is a rare form of corneal dystrophy first described in 1992 by Lisch et al. In one study it was linked to chromosomal region Xp22. 3, with as yet unknown candidate genes | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Macular hypoplasia (or foveal hypoplasia) is a rare medical condition involving the underdevelopment of the macula, a small area on the retina (the eye's internal surface) responsible for seeing in detail and sensing light. Macular hypoplasia is often associated with albinism. When the foveal area of the eye is compromised, visual clarity and color perception are reduced | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Microcoria is a congenital disease in which the pupils of the subject are narrower than 2 mm in diameter. Microcoria is associated with juvenile-onset glaucoma. It is also associated with Pierson syndrome chararacterized by microcoria and congenital nephrotic syndrome | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Moll's gland, also known as the gland of Moll or ciliary gland, is a modified apocrine sweat gland that is found on the margin of the eyelid. They are next to the base of the eyelashes, and anterior to the meibomian glands within the distal eyelid margin. These glands are relatively large and tubular-shaped | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Moore's lightning streaks are lightning type streaks (photopsia) (seen to the temporal side) due to sudden head or eye movement in the dark. They are generally caused by shock waves in the vitreous humor hitting the retina or traction on the retina from fibers in the vitreous humor. The implication is that the vitreous is softer than normal, generally this is not a cause for alarm provided they are momentary, occur only in the dark, are due to sudden head movements (acceleration) and do not occur along with many new tiny black floating specks in the vision | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Multifocal choroiditis and panuveitis (MCP) is an inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology, affecting the choroid, retina, and vitreous of the eye that presents asymmetrically, most often in young myopic women with photopsias, enlargement of the physiologic blind spot and decreased vision. The first description of the disease was written in 1973.
Symptoms
Symptoms include blurry vision, with or without sensitivity to light, blind spots, floaters, eye discomfort and perceived flashes of light | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A myopic crescent is a moon-shaped feature that can develop at the temporal (lateral) border of disc (it rarely occurs at the nasal border) of myopic eyes. It is primarily caused by atrophic changes that are genetically determined, with a minor contribution from stretching due to elongation of the eyeball. In myopia that is no longer progressing, the crescent may be asymptomatic except for its presence on ocular examination | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In visual perception, the near point is the closest point at which an object can be placed and still form a focused image on the retina, within the eye's accommodation range. The other limit to the eye's accommodation range is the far point.
A normal eye is considered to have a near point at about 11 cm (4 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Ocular larva migrans (OLM), also known as ocular toxocariasis, is the ocular form of the larva migrans syndrome that occurs when Toxocara canis (dog roundworm) larvae invade the eye. They may be associated with visceral larva migrans. Unilateral visual disturbances, strabismus, and eye pain are the most common presenting symptoms | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Museum architecture has been of increasing importance over the centuries, especially more recently. A challenge for museum architecture is the differing purposes of the building. The museum collection must be preserved, but it also needs to be made accessible to the public | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The post of Surveyor of the Fabric of Westminster Abbey was established in 1698. The role is an architectural one, with the current holder being responsible for the upkeep and maintenance of the Abbey and its buildings. In the past, the role has involved overseeing new construction work as well as restoration and architectural conservation | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A rave (from the verb: to rave) is a dance party at a warehouse, club, or other public or private venue, typically featuring performances by DJs playing electronic dance music. The style is most associated with the early 1990s dance music scene when DJs played at illegal events in musical styles dominated by electronic dance music from a wide range of sub-genres, including drum and bass, dubstep, trap, break, happy hardcore, techno, hardcore, house, and alternative dance. Occasionally live musicians have been known to perform at raves, in addition to other types of performance artists such as go-go dancers and fire dancers | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Pratt and Buckingham Octagon House is a historic octagon house in Fredonia, Chautauqua County, New York that was built in ca. 1865. It is a private home at 99 Chestnut Street; the rear of the property is on Canadaway Creek | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Numerous interpretations of Noah's Ark have been built and proposed. Some were intended to be replicas, as close as possible to the Biblical Ark, the builders assuming that such a boat did exist and that it is not a mythological vessel. Others are looser derivatives which were inspired by the idea | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A lesene, also called a pilaster strip, is an architectural term for a narrow, low-relief vertical pillar on a wall. It resembles a pilaster, but does not have a base or capital. It is typical in Lombardic and Rijnlandish architectural building styles | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In library science and architecture, a stack or bookstack (often referred to as a library building's stacks) is a book storage area, as opposed to a reading area. More specifically, this term refers to a narrow-aisled, multilevel system of iron or steel shelving that evolved in the 19th century to meet increasing demands for storage space. An "open-stack" library allows its patrons to enter the stacks to browse for themselves; "closed stacks" means library staff retrieve books for patrons on request | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Lighting or illumination is the deliberate use of light to achieve practical or aesthetic effects. Lighting includes the use of both artificial light sources like lamps and light fixtures, as well as natural illumination by capturing daylight. Daylighting (using windows, skylights, or light shelves) is sometimes used as the main source of light during daytime in buildings | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Linenfold (or linen fold) is a simple style of relief carving used to decorate wood panelling with a design "imitating window tracery", "imitating folded linen" or "stiffly imitating folded material". Originally from Flanders, the style became widespread across Northern Europe in the 14th to 16th centuries. The name was applied to the decorative style by antiquarian connoisseurs in the early 19th century; the contemporary name was apparently lignum undulatum (Latin: "wavy wood"), Nathaniel Lloyd pointed out | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A lintel or lintol is a type of beam (a horizontal structural element) that spans openings such as portals, doors, windows and fireplaces. It can be a decorative architectural element, or a combined ornamented/structural item. In the case of windows, the bottom span is referred to as a sill, but, unlike a lintel, does not serve to bear a load to ensure the integrity of the wall | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A loading dock or loading bay is an area of a building where goods vehicles (usually road or rail) are loaded and unloaded. They are commonly found on commercial and industrial buildings, and warehouses in particular. Loading docks may be exterior, flush with the building envelope, or fully enclosed | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Loculus (Latin, "little place"), plural loculi, is an architectural compartment or niche that houses a body, as in a catacomb, hypogeum, mausoleum or other place of entombment. In classical antiquity, the mouth of the loculus might be closed with a slab, plain, as in the Catacombs of Rome, or sculptural, as in the family tombs of ancient Palmyra.
See also
Kokh (tomb): sometimes translated as "loculus"
Arcosolium: another niche-like tomb
Glossary of architecture
References
Sources
Curl, James Stevens (2006) | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A Lombard band is a decorative blind arcade, usually located on the exterior of building. It was frequently used during the Romanesque and Gothic periods of Western architecture. It resembles a frieze of arches | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In architecture, a long gallery is a long, narrow room, often with a high ceiling. In Britain, long galleries were popular in Elizabethan and Jacobean houses. They were normally placed on the highest reception floor of English country houses, usually running along a side of the house, with windows on one side and at the ends giving views, and doors to other rooms on the other | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Margent is a vertical arrangement of flowers, leaves or hanging vines used as a decorative ornament in architecture and furniture design in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries. This motif was developed as a complement to other decorative ornaments, hanging as "drops" at the ends of a festoon or swag. Also used to accentuate the vertical lines of window frames and centered in ornamental panels | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A mashrabiya or mashrabiyya (Arabic: مشربية) is an architectural element which is characteristic of traditional architecture in the Islamic world and beyond. It is a type of projecting oriel window enclosed with carved wood latticework located on the upper floors of a building, sometimes enhanced with stained glass. It was traditionally used to catch wind and for passive cooling | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A triforium is an interior gallery, opening onto the tall central space of a building at an upper level. In a church, it opens onto the nave from above the side aisles; it may occur at the level of the clerestory windows, or it may be located as a separate level below the clerestory. Masonry triforia are generally vaulted and separated from the central space by arcades | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
This article describes several characteristic architectural elements typical of European megalithic (Stone Age) structures.
Forecourt
In archaeology, a forecourt is the name given to the area in front of certain types of chamber tomb. Forecourts were probably the venue for ritual practices connected with the burial and commemoration of the dead in the past societies that built these types of tombs | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A minstrels' gallery is a form of balcony, often inside the great hall of a castle or manor house, and used to allow musicians (originally minstrels) to perform, sometimes discreetly hidden from the guests below.
Notable examples
A rare example of a minstrels' gallery in a sacred setting can be found in Exeter Cathedral. It is not clear why the term "musicians' gallery" has not been used here, as minstrels were always secular performers and would therefore have been forbidden from performing in a liturgical context | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A modillion is an ornate bracket, more horizontal in shape and less imposing than a corbel. They are often seen underneath a cornice which it helps to support. Modillions are more elaborate than dentils (literally translated as small teeth) | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Monofora is a type of the single-light window, usually narrow, crowned by an arch, and decorated by small columns or pilasters.
Overview
The term usually refers to a certain type of window designed during the Romanesque, Gothic, and Renaissance periods, and also during the nineteenth-century Eclecticism in architecture. In other cases, the term may mean an arched window with a single opening | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A mullion is a vertical element that forms a division between units of a window or screen, or is used decoratively. It is also often used as a division between double doors. When dividing adjacent window units its primary purpose is a rigid support to the glazing of the window | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A muntin (US), muntin bar, glazing bar (UK), or sash bar is a strip of wood or metal separating and holding panes of glass in a window. Muntins can be found in doors, windows, and furniture, typically in Western styles of architecture. Muntins divide a single window sash or casement into a grid system of small panes of glass, called "lights" or "lites" | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The narthex is an architectural element typical of early Christian and Byzantine basilicas and churches consisting of the entrance or vestibule, located at the west end of the nave, opposite the church's main altar. Traditionally the narthex was a part of the church building, but was not considered part of the church proper.
In early Christian churches the narthex was often divided into two distinct parts: an esonarthex (inner narthex) between the west wall and the body of the church proper, separated from the nave and aisles by a wall, arcade, colonnade, screen, or rail, and an external closed space, the exonarthex (outer narthex), a court in front of the church facade delimited on all sides by a colonnade as in the first St | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Newār window (Nepali: नेवार झ्याल; newār jhyāl) refers to the elaborately carved wooden window which is the distinguishing feature of traditional Nepalese architecture. The ornate windows have been described as a symbol of Newar culture and artistry. The level of design and carving of the Newar window reached its peak in the mid-18th century | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In architecture, a niche (CanE, UK: or US: ) is a recess, a cavity in a wall, typically holding a decorative element: a statue, a vase, etc. In Classical architecture examples are an exedra or an apse that has been reduced in size, retaining the half-dome heading usual for an apse.
Etymology
The word derives from the Latin nidus (lit | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
An obstacle (also called a barrier, impediment, or stumbling block) is an object, thing, action or situation that causes an obstruction. Different types of obstacles include physical, economic, biopsychosocial, cultural, political, technological and military.
Types
Physical
As physical obstacles, we can enumerate all those physical barriers that block the action and prevent the progress or the achievement of a concrete goal | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
An onion dome is a dome whose shape resembles an onion. Such domes are often larger in diameter than the tholobate (drum) upon which they sit, and their height usually exceeds their width. They taper smoothly upwards to a point | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In architecture and decorative art, ornament is decoration used to embellish parts of a building or object. Large figurative elements such as monumental sculpture and their equivalents in decorative art are excluded from the term; most ornaments do not include human figures, and if present they are small compared to the overall scale. Architectural ornament can be carved from stone, wood or precious metals, formed with plaster or clay, or painted or impressed onto a surface as applied ornament; in other applied arts the main material of the object, or a different one such as paint or vitreous enamel may be used | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Hindu temples are built in the Panchayatana layout: the main shrine is surrounded by four subsidiary shrines. The origin of the name are the Sanskrit words Pancha (five) et ayatana (containing).
Generally, Hindu temples are built along a west-east axis | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A parclose screen is a screen or railing used to enclose or separate-off a chantry chapel, tomb or manorial chapel, from public areas of a church, for example from the nave or chancel. It should be distinguished from the chancel screen which separates the chancel from the nave, in order to restrict access to the former to clerics and other select persons.
Location
As many chantry chapels and manorial chapels were situated at the east end (closest to the holy city of Jerusalem) of the north or south aisles, next to the chancel, frequently they lay within the area enclosed by the chancel screen | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Pargeting (or sometimes pargetting) is a decorative or waterproofing plastering applied to building walls. The term, if not the practice, is particularly associated with the English counties of Suffolk and Essex. In the neighbouring county of Norfolk the term "pinking" is used | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A parvis or parvise is the open space in front of and around a cathedral or church, especially when surrounded by either colonnades or porticoes, as at St. Peter's Basilica in Rome. It is thus a church-specific type of forecourt, front yard or apron | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Pediments are a form of gable in classical architecture, usually of a triangular shape. Pediments are placed above the horizontal structure of the cornice (an elaborated lintel), or entablature if supported by columns. In ancient architecture, a wide and low triangular pediment (the side angles 12 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A pergola is most commonly an outdoor garden feature forming a shaded walkway, passageway, or sitting area of vertical posts or pillars that usually support cross-beams and a sturdy open lattice, often upon which woody vines are trained. The origin of the word is the Late Latin pergula, referring to a projecting eave.
It also may be an extension of a building or serve as protection for an open terrace or a link between pavilions | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In classical architecture, a pilaster is an architectural element used to give the appearance of a supporting column and to articulate an extent of wall, with only an ornamental function. It consists of a flat surface raised from the main wall surface, usually treated as though it were a column, with a capital at the top, plinth (base) at the bottom, and the various other column elements. In contrast to a pilaster, an engaged column or buttress can support the structure of a wall and roof above | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A pinnacle is an architectural element originally forming the cap or crown of a buttress or small turret, but afterwards used on parapets at the corners of towers and in many other situations. The pinnacle looks like a small spire. It was mainly used in Gothic architecture | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Plasterwork is construction or ornamentation done with plaster, such as a layer of plaster on an interior or exterior wall structure, or plaster decorative moldings on ceilings or walls. This is also sometimes called pargeting. The process of creating plasterwork, called plastering or rendering, has been used in building construction for centuries | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Polifora is a type of the multi-light window. It appears in towers and belfries on top floors, where it is necessary to lighten the structure with wider openings. The term polifora usually refers to the window with at least five parts | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Portego ("porch" in Venetian dialect) is a characteristic compositional element of the Venetian civil buildings built during the years of the Republic of Venice. The portego is similar to a reception hall but has peculiar features.
History
The portego is known from the ancient times; it is present even in the oldest Venetian palaces | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In architecture, post and lintel (also called prop and lintel, a trabeated system, or a trilithic system) is a building system where strong horizontal elements are held up by strong vertical elements with large spaces between them. This is usually used to hold up a roof, creating a largely open space beneath, for whatever use the building is designed. The horizontal elements are called by a variety of names including lintel, header, architrave or beam, and the supporting vertical elements may be called columns, pillars, or posts | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The pulpitum is a common feature in medieval cathedral and monastic church architecture in Europe. It is a massive screen that divides the choir (the area containing the choir stalls and high altar in a cathedral, collegiate or monastic church) from the nave and ambulatory (the parts of the church to which lay worshippers may have access). It is usually constructed of stone, but there are also wooden examples as at Hexham Abbey and at Edington Priory | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Quadrifora is a type of four-light window. It appears in towers and belfries on top floors, where it is necessary to lighten the structure with wider openings. The quadrifora can also be a group closely set windows | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A quatrefoil (anciently caterfoil) is a decorative element consisting of a symmetrical shape which forms the overall outline of four partially overlapping circles of the same diameter. It is found in art, architecture, heraldry and traditional Christian symbolism. The word 'quatrefoil' means "four leaves", from the Latin quattuor, "four", plus folium, "leaf"; the term refers specifically to a four-leafed clover, but applies in general to four-lobed shapes in various contexts | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Quoins ( or ) are masonry blocks at the corner of a wall. Some are structural, providing strength for a wall made with inferior stone or rubble, while others merely add aesthetic detail to a corner. According to one 19th-century encyclopedia, these imply strength, permanence, and expense, all reinforcing the onlooker's sense of a structure's presence | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A rain gutter, eavestrough, eaves-shoot or surface water collection channel is a component of a water discharge system for a building. It is necessary to prevent water dripping or flowing off roofs in an uncontrolled manner for several reasons: to prevent it damaging the walls, drenching persons standing below or entering the building, and to direct the water to a suitable disposal site where it will not damage the foundations of the building. In the case of a flat roof, removal of water is essential to prevent water ingress and to prevent a build-up of excessive weight | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Dat () is a data distribution tool with a version control feature for tracking changes and publishing data sets. It is primarily used for data-driven science, but it can be used to keep track of changes in any data set. As a distributed revision control system it is aimed at speed, simplicity, security, and support for distributed, non-linear workflows | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In computer programming, derived objects are files (intermediate or not) that are not directly maintained, but get created.
The most typical context is that of compilation, linking, and packaging of source files.
Depending on the revision control (SCM) system, they may be
completely ignored,
managed as second class citizens or
potentially considered the archetype of configuration items | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In software development, distributed version control (also known as distributed revision control) is a form of version control in which the complete codebase, including its full history, is mirrored on every developer's computer. Compared to centralized version control, this enables automatic management branching and merging, speeds up most operations (except pushing and pulling), improves the ability to work offline, and does not rely on a single location for backups. Git, the world's most popular version control system, is a distributed version control system | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
An edit conflict is a computer problem that may occur when multiple editors edit the same file and cannot merge without losing part or all of their edit.
Description
The conflict occurs when an editor gets a copy of a shared document file, changes the copy, and attempts to save the changes to the original file, which has been altered by another editor after the copy was obtained.
Resolution
The simplest way to resolve an edit conflict is to ignore intervening edits and overwrite the current file | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Fork and pull model refers to a software development model mostly used on GitHub, where multiple developers working on an open, shared project make their own contributions by sharing a main repository and pushing changes after granted pull request by integrator users. Followed by the advent of distributed version control systems (DVCS), Git naturally enables the usage of a pull-based development model, in which developers can copy the project onto their own repository and then push their changes to the original repository, where the integrators will determine the validity of the pull request. Since its appearance, pull-based development has gained popularity within the open software development community | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Gitorious was a free and open source web application for hosting collaborative free and open-source software development projects using Git revision control. Although it was freely available to be downloaded and installed, it was written primarily as the basis for the Gitorious shared web hosting service at gitorious. org, until it was acquired by GitLab in 2015 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Kallithea is a cross-platform free software source code management system, the primary goal of which is to provide a repository hosting service with features for collaboration, such as forking, pull requests, code review, issue tracking etc. Kallithea is a fork of RhodeCode, created after the original developer had changed the license terms. While earlier versions of RhodeCode were licensed entirely under the GNU General Public License version 3, RhodeCode version 2 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In version control, merging (also called integration) is a fundamental operation that reconciles multiple changes made to a version-controlled collection of files. Most often, it is necessary when a file is modified on two independent branches and subsequently merged. The result is a single collection of files that contains both sets of changes | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In version control systems, a repository is a data structure that stores metadata for a set of files or directory structure. Depending on whether the version control system in use is distributed, like Git or Mercurial, or centralized, like Subversion, CVS, or Perforce, the whole set of information in the repository may be duplicated on every user's system or may be maintained on a single server. Some of the metadata that a repository contains includes, among other things, a historical record of changes in the repository, a set of commit objects, and a set of references to commit objects, called heads | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
RhodeCode is an open source self-hosted platform for behind-the-firewall source code management. It provides centralized control over Git, Mercurial, and Subversion repositories within an organization, with common authentication and permission management. RhodeCode allows forking, pull requests, and code reviews via a web interface | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Software versioning is the process of assigning either unique version names or unique version numbers to unique states of computer software. Within a given version number category (e. g | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Splice is a cloud-based music creation platform founded by Matt Aimonetti and Steve Martocci which includes a sample library, audio plug-ins on a subscription basis, and integration with several digital audio workstations (DAWs). The program is available for MacOS, Windows, iOS and Android.
History
The site and the MacOS version of Studio was launched in private beta in October 2013 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In integrated circuits, the stepping level or revision level is a version number that refers to the introduction or revision of one or more photolithographic photomasks within the set of photomasks that is used to pattern an integrated circuit. The term originated from the name of the equipment ("steppers") that exposes the photoresist to light.
Integrated circuits have two primary classes of mask sets: firstly, "base" layers that are used to build the structures, such as transistors, that comprise circuit logic and, secondly, "metal" layers that connect the circuit logic | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In configuration management (CM), one has to control (among other things) changes made to software and documentation. This is called revision control, which manages multiple versions of the same unit of information. Although revision control is important to CM, it is not equal to it | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to web design and web development, two very related fields:
Web design encompasses many different skills and disciplines in the production and maintenance of websites. The different areas of web design include web graphic design; interface design; authoring, including standardized code and proprietary software; user experience design; and search engine optimization. Often many individuals will work in teams covering different aspects of the design process, although some designers will cover them all | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Web development is the work involved in developing a website for the Internet (World Wide Web) or an intranet (a private network). Web development can range from developing a simple single static page of plain text to complex web applications, electronic businesses, and social network services. A more comprehensive list of tasks to which Web development commonly refers, may include Web engineering, Web design, Web content development, client liaison, client-side/server-side scripting, Web server and network security configuration, and e-commerce development | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Ajax (also AJAX ; short for "asynchronous JavaScript and XML") is a set of web development techniques that uses various web technologies on the client-side to create asynchronous web applications. With Ajax, web applications can send and retrieve data from a server asynchronously (in the background) without interfering with the display and behaviour of the existing page. By decoupling the data interchange layer from the presentation layer, Ajax allows web pages and, by extension, web applications, to change content dynamically without the need to reload the entire page | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Awwwards (Awwwards Online SL) is a professional web design and development competition body. It aims to recognize and promote the best of innovative web design. It is a website competition that developers can submit to | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Backend as a service (BaaS), also known as mobile backend as a service (MBaaS), is a service for providing web app and mobile app developers with a way to easily build a backend to their frontend applications. Features available include user management, push notifications, and integration with social networking services. These services are provided via the use of custom software development kits (SDKs) and application programming interfaces (APIs) | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Blisk is a freemium Chromium-based web browser that aims to improve productivity and code quality by providing a wide array of tools for Web development and testing for different type of devices: desktop, tablet and mobile.
History
The latest generation of Blisk applications started with the release of version 14 which was announced by the Blisk team on January 15, 2021. With version 14, Blisk started using the new reworked application core, enabling to use simultaneously multiple devices in a synchronized mode (devices follow each other by URL and Scroll position), full support of single-page applications, the possibilities to simulate different mobile networks, and control the device caching | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Browser sniffing (also known as browser detection) is a set of techniques used in websites and web applications in order to determine the web browser a visitor is using, and to serve browser-appropriate content to the visitor. It is also used to detect mobile browsers and send them mobile-optimized websites. This practice is sometimes used to circumvent incompatibilities between browsers due to misinterpretation of HTML, Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), or the Document Object Model (DOM) | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
CodePen is an online community for testing and showcasing user-created HTML, CSS and JavaScript code snippets. It functions as an online code editor and open-source learning environment, where developers can create code snippets, called "pens," and test them. It was founded in 2012 by full-stack developers Alex Vazquez and Tim Sabat and front-end designer Chris Coyier | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Comet is a web application model in which a long-held HTTPS request allows a web server to push data to a browser, without the browser explicitly requesting it. Comet is an umbrella term, encompassing multiple techniques for achieving this interaction. All these methods rely on features included by default in browsers, such as JavaScript, rather than on non-default plugins | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Content adaptation is the action of transforming content to adapt to device capabilities. Content adaptation is usually related to mobile devices, which require special handling because of their limited computational power, small screen size, and constrained keyboard functionality.
Content adaptation could roughly be divided to two fields:
Media content adaptation that adapts media files | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Content strategy is the planning, development, and management of content—written or in other media. The term has been particularly common in web development since the late 1990s. It is a recognized field in user experience design, and it also draws from adjacent disciplines such as information architecture, content management, business analysis, digital marketing, and technical communication | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A conversion path is a description of the steps taken by a user of a website towards a desired end from the standpoint of the website operator or marketer. The typical conversion path begins with a user arriving at a landing page and proceeding through a series of page transitions until reaching a final state, either positive (e. g | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In web development, the CSS box model refers to how HTML elements are modeled in browser engines and how the dimensions of those HTML elements are derived from CSS properties. It is a fundamental concept for the composition of HTML webpages. The guidelines of the box model are described by web standards World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) specifically the CSS Working Group | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
CSS HTML Validator (previously named CSE HTML Validator) is an HTML editor and CSS editor for Windows (and Linux when used with Wine) that helps web developers create syntactically correct and accessible HTML/HTML5, XHTML, and CSS documents by locating errors, potential problems like browser compatibility issues, and common mistakes. It is also able to check links, check spelling, suggest improvements, alert developers to deprecated, obsolete, or proprietary tags, attributes, and CSS properties, and find issues that can affect search engine optimization.
CSS HTML Validator is developed, marketed, and sold by AI Internet Solutions LLC located in Texas | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A dynamic web page is a web page constructed at runtime (during software execution), as opposed to a static web page, delivered as it is stored.
A server-side dynamic web page is a web page whose construction is controlled by an application server processing server-side scripts. In server-side scripting, parameters determine how the assembly of every new web page proceeds, and including the setting up of more client-side processing | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Electronic business (also known as online business or e-business) is any kind of business or commercial transaction that includes sharing information across the internet. Commerce constitutes the exchange of products and services between businesses, groups, and individuals and can be seen as one of the essential activities of any business.
Electronic commerce focuses on the use of information and communication technology to enable the external activities and relationships of the business with individuals, groups, and other businesses, while e-business refers to business with help of the internet | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Fabric. js is a Javascript HTML5 canvas library. It is a fully open-source project with many contributions over the years | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Far-Play (stylized fAR-Play, from augmented reality) is a software platform developed at the University of Alberta, for creating location-based, scavenger-hunt style games which use the GPS and web-connectivity features of a player's smartphone. According to the development team, "our long-term objective is to develop a general framework that supports the implementation of AARGs that are fun to play and also educational". It utilizes Layar, an augmented reality smartphone application, QR codes located at particular real-world sites, or a phone's web browser, to facilitate games which require players to be in close physical proximity to predefined "nodes" | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Front-end web development is the development of the graphical user interface of a website, through the use of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, so that users can view and interact with that website.
Tools used for front-end development
There are several tools and platforms, such as WordPress, Joomla, and Drupal, available that can be used to develop the front end of a website.
HyperText Markup Language
HyperText Markup Language (HTML) is the backbone of any website development process, without which a web page does not exist | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
HtmlUnit is a headless web browser written in Java. It allows high-level manipulation of websites from other Java code, including filling and submitting forms and clicking hyperlinks. It also provides access to the structure and the details within received web pages | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
HTTP compression is a capability that can be built into web servers and web clients to improve transfer speed and bandwidth utilization. HTTP data is compressed before it is sent from the server: compliant browsers will announce what methods are supported to the server before downloading the correct format; browsers that do not support compliant compression method will download uncompressed data. The most common compression schemes include gzip and Brotli; a full list of available schemes is maintained by the IANA | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In web development, hydration or rehydration is a technique in which client-side JavaScript converts a static HTML web page, delivered either through static hosting or server-side rendering, into a dynamic web page by attaching event handlers to the HTML elements. Because the HTML is pre-rendered on a server, this allows for a fast "first contentful paint" (when useful data is first displayed to the user), but there is a period of time afterward where the page appears to be fully loaded and interactive, but is not until the client-side JavaScript is executed and event handlers have been attached. Frameworks that use hydration include Next | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The International Webmasters Association (IWA), a non-profit professional association for web professionals, provides training courses and certification.
IWA reportedly has 100 official chapters representing over 22,000 individual members in 106 countries. IWA's accomplishments include the publishing of the industry's first guidelines for ethical and professional standards, web certification and education programs, specialized employment resources, and technical assistance to individuals and businesses | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Kimchi is a web management tool to manage Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM) infrastructure. Developed with HTML5, Kimchi is developed to intuitively manage KVM guests, create storage pools, manage network interfaces (bridges, VLANs, NAT), and perform other related tasks. The name is an extended acronym for KVM infrastructure management | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Link-richness is the quality, possessed by some websites, of having many hyperlinks. Classified advertising sites like Craigslist tend to be very link-rich, sometimes with hundreds of links on their main page. They help users find the links they are looking for by grouping links into clusters | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Microformats (μF) are a set of defined HTML classes created to serve as consistent and descriptive metadata about an element, designating it as representing a certain type of data (such as contact information, geographic coordinates, events, blog posts, products, recipes, etc. ). They allow software to process the information reliably by having set classes refer to a specific type of data rather than being arbitrary | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
OpenWebRTC (OWR) is a free software stack that implements the WebRTC standard, a set of protocols and application programming interfaces defined by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). It is an alternative to the reference implementation that is based on software from Global IP Solutions (GIPS).
It is published under the terms of the Simplified (2-clause) BSD license and officially supports iOS, Linux, OS X, and Android operating systems | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In software development, a polyfill is code that implements a feature of the development environment that does not natively support the feature. Most often, it refers to a JavaScript library that implements an HTML5 or CSS web standard, either an established standard (supported by some browsers) on older browsers, or a proposed standard (not supported by any browsers) on existing browsers. Polyfills are also used in PHP and Python | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
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