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In Token Ring networks, A Lobe Attachment Module is a box with multiple interfaces to which new network nodes (known as lobes) can be attached. A LAM may have interfaces up to 20 lobes. Functionally a LAM is like a multi-station access unit (MAU), but with a larger capacity: 20 nodes as opposed to 8 nodes for MAU | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Look-Aside Interface is a computer interface that was specified by an interface interoperability agreement produced by the Network Processing Forum. It specifies the method to interface a Network Processing Element (of which an NPU is an example) to a Network Search Element (of which a CAM is an example). The interface is used by devices that off-load certain tasks from the network processor | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A media access unit (MAU), also known as a multistation access unit (MAU or MSAU), is a device to attach multiple network stations in a star topology as a Token Ring network, internally wired to connect the stations into a logical ring (generally passive i. e. non-switched and unmanaged; however managed Token Ring MAUs do exist in the form of CAUs, or Controlled Access Units) | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Metallic path facility (MPF) are the unshielded twisted pair of copper wires that run from a main distribution frame (MDF) at a local telephone exchange to the customer. In this variant, both broadband and voice (baseband) services, together potentially with a video on demand service, are provided to the end user by a single communications provider. MPF services are typically delivered through use of an MSAN | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Metro Ethernet Routing Switch 8600 or MERS 8600 is a modular chassis router and/or switch manufactured by Nortel now acquired by Ciena. The MERS 8600 supports the Provider Backbone Bridges (PBB), Provider Backbone Transport (PBT) technologies and carrier class Operations Administration & Maintenance (OAM) tools.
Configurable as a 1 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Modified Modular Jack (MMJ) is a small form-factor serial port connector developed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC). It uses a modified version of the 6P6C modular connector with the latch displaced off-center so standard modular connectors found on Ethernet cables or phone jacks cannot accidentally be plugged in. MMJ connections are used on Digital minicomputers, such as the PDP-11, VAX and Alpha systems, and to connect terminals, printers, and serial console servers | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A modular connector is a type of electrical connector for cords and cables of electronic devices and appliances, such as in computer networking, telecommunication equipment, and audio headsets.
Modular connectors were originally developed for use on specific Bell System telephone sets in the 1960s, and similar types found use for simple interconnection of customer-provided telephone subscriber premises equipment to the telephone network. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) mandated in 1976 an interface registration system, in which they became known as registered jacks | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A modular switch or chassis switch is a type of network switch which can be configured using field-replaceable units. These units, often referred to as blades, can add more ports, bandwidth, and capabilities to a switch. These blades can be heterogenous, and this allows for a network based on multiple different protocols and cable types | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A multi-service business gateway (MSBG) is a device that combines multiple network voice and data communications functions into a single device. Targeted at small and medium enterprises (SMEs), the MSBG integrates critical functions such as routing, VoIP, and security (virtual private networking, firewall, intrusion detection/prevention) into a single fault-tolerant platform, with a common control & management plane oriented around services. An MSBG may also include functionality such as web/e-mail server and filtering, storage, and wireless networking | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A multilayer switch (MLS) is a computer networking device that switches on OSI layer 2 like an ordinary network switch and provides extra functions on higher OSI layers. The MLS was invented by engineers at Digital Equipment Corporation.
Switching technologies are crucial to network design, as they allow traffic to be sent only where it is needed in most cases, using fast, hardware-based methods | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Multiservice Switch (MSS) is originally a Nortel line of routers, historically called Passport, designed for carrier core and edge routing. They run the Passport Carrier Release operating system. The MSS has a significant installed base, with over 40,000 switches sold | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The NE1000 and NE2000 are members of an early line of low cost Ethernet network cards introduced by Novell in 1987. Its popularity had a significant impact on the pervasiveness of networks in computing. They are based on a National Semiconductor prototype design using their 8390 Ethernet chip | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The NetFPGA project is an effort to develop open-source hardware and software for rapid prototyping of computer network devices. The project targeted academic researchers, industry users, and students. It was not the first platform of its kind in the networking community | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
NetGenie is a wireless router that offers security and protection against internet and network threats. It is a part of the Cyberoam's product portfolio and was launched in 2011.
Product Range
Considering the product range, NetGenie offers 4 basic products, two for HOME users and two for SOHO users | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
NetScaler is a line of networking products owned by Cloud Software Group. The products consist of NetScaler, an application delivery controller (ADC), NetScaler AppFirewall, an application firewall, NetScaler Unified Gateway, NetScaler Management & Analytics System, and NetScaler SD-WAN, which provides software-defined wide-area networking management. NetScaler was initially developed in 1997 by Michel K Susai and acquired by Citrix Systems in 2005 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Network intelligence (NI) is a technology that builds on the concepts and capabilities of deep packet inspection (DPI), packet capture and business intelligence (BI). It examines, in real time, IP data packets that cross communications networks by identifying the protocols used and extracting packet content and metadata for rapid analysis of data relationships and communications patterns. Also, sometimes referred to as Network Acceleration or piracy | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A network interface controller (NIC, also known as a network interface card, network adapter, LAN adapter or physical network interface, and by similar terms) is a computer hardware component that connects a computer to a computer network. Early network interface controllers were commonly implemented on expansion cards that plugged into a computer bus. The low cost and ubiquity of the Ethernet standard means that most newer computers have a network interface built into the motherboard, or is contained into a USB-connected dongle | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Network isolators are installed as part of a wired Ethernet system as galvanic isolators to reduce the potential for electrical injury and limit the extent of damage due to lightning strikes.
Through the applied principle of electromagnetic induction, network data is transmitted across an electrically non-conducting barrier. High frequency AC voltages conveying data are induced across an isolating gap | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A network monitoring interface card or NMIC is similar to a network card (NIC). However, unlike a standard network card, an NMIC is designed to passively (and silently) listen on a network. At a functional level, an NMIC may differ from a NIC, in that the NMIC may not have a MAC address, may lack the ability to transmit and may not announce its presence on a network | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A network processor is an integrated circuit which has a feature set specifically targeted at the networking application domain.
Network processors are typically software programmable devices and would have generic characteristics similar to general purpose central processing units that are commonly used in many different types of equipment and products.
History of development
In modern telecommunications networks, information (voice, video, data) is transferred as packet data (termed packet switching) which is in contrast to older telecommunications networks that carried information as analog signals such as in the public switched telephone network (PSTN) or analog TV/Radio networks | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Computer networks are connected together to form larger networks such as campus networks, corporate networks, or the Internet. Routers are network devices that may be used to connect these networks (e. g | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Networking cables are networking hardware used to connect one network device to other network devices or to connect two or more computers to share devices such as printers or scanners. Different types of network cables, such as coaxial cable, optical fiber cable, and twisted pair cables, are used depending on the network's topology, protocol, and size. The devices can be separated by a few meters (e | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Norton Core is a discontinued mesh WiFi router that was introduced at the 2017 CES by Symantec (now NortonLifeLock) as a part of their Norton brand. It was marketed as a "Secure WiFi Router," as it protects connected devices by defending the network against online threats and blocking unsafe websites. The network can be controlled through a mobile app where users can view their "security score," set up and manage their router, and manage devices connected to it | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The office controller was a networking concept of the early to mid-1980s. The concept was used by PABX manufacturers as the basis of families of products in which the PBX would supply data connectivity and applications along with its traditional voice services. The office controller would be a central switch which would link users to applications and provide necessary services such as security | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Open Transport Network (OTN) is a flexible private communication network based on fiber optic technology, manufactured by OTN Systems.
It is a networking technology used in vast, private networks with a great diversity of communication requirements, such as subway systems, pipelines, the mining industry, tunnels and the like (ref). It permits all kinds of applications such as video images, different forms of speech and data traffic, information for process management and the like to be sent flawlessly and transparent over a practically unlimited distance | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Project 25 Inter RF Subsystem Interface (P25 ISSI) is a non-proprietary interface that enables RF subsystems (RFSSs) built by different manufacturers to be connected together into wide area networks so that users on different networks can talk with each other. The wide area network connections using the ISSI provide an extended coverage area for subscriber units (SUs) that are roaming. The extended coverage area is important for public safety first responders that provide assistance in other jurisdictions during an emergency | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A packet capture appliance is a standalone device that performs packet capture. Packet capture appliances may be deployed anywhere on a network, however, most commonly are placed at the entrances to the network (i. e | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
PACX (Private Automatic Computer eXchange) was a name given by Gandalf Technologies to their family of data switching products.
Architecture
The PACX was a centralized switch that allowed serial connections from end users to be connected to any one of a number of computers, typically mainframes. Users were equipped with small boxes with two thumbwheels on them, and by rolling the wheels to a given two-digit number they could select among the machines connected to the PACX | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Passport Carrier Release (PCR) is a version of the Passport Switch (now Multiservice Switch) software designed to run in telecommunications carrier environments. It was formerly developed by Nortel. After the sale in 2009 of most Nortel's assets, the passport SW is still used in several products of Alcatel-Lucent, Ericsson and Kapsch | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A patch cable, patch cord or patch lead is an electrical or optical cable used to connect ("patch in") one electronic or optical device to another for signal routing. Devices of different types (e. g | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A patch panel is a device or unit featuring a number of jacks, usually of the same or similar type, for the use of connecting and routing circuits for monitoring, interconnecting, and testing circuits in a convenient, flexible manner. Patch panels are commonly used in computer networking, recording studios, and radio and television.
The term patch came from early use in telephony and radio studios, where extra equipment kept on standby could be temporarily substituted for failed devices | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Pluribus multiprocessor was an early multi-processor computer designed by BBN for use as a packet switch in the ARPANET. Its design later influenced the BBN Butterfly computer.
The Pluribus had its beginnings in 1972 when the need for a second-generation interface message processor (IMP) became apparent | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Power over Ethernet, or PoE, describes any of several standards or ad hoc systems that pass electric power along with data on twisted-pair Ethernet cabling. This allows a single cable to provide both a data connection and enough electricity to power devices such as wireless access points (WAPs), Internet Protocol (IP) cameras and voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) phones.
There are several common techniques for transmitting power over Ethernet cabling | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In computer networking, a print server, or printer server, is a type of server that connects printers to client computers over a network. It accepts print jobs from the computers and sends the jobs to the appropriate printers, queuing the jobs locally to accommodate the fact that work may arrive more quickly than the printer can actually handle. Ancillary functions include the ability to inspect the queue of jobs to be processed, the ability to reorder or delete waiting print jobs, or the ability to do various kinds of accounting (such as counting pages, which may involve reading data generated by the printer(s)) | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A residential gateway is a small consumer-grade gateway which bridges network access between connected local area network (LAN) hosts to a wide area network (WAN) (such as the Internet) via a modem, or directly connects to a WAN (as in EttH), while routing. The WAN is a larger computer network, generally operated by an Internet service provider.
Devices
Multiple devices have been described as residential gateways:
Cable modem
DSL modem
FTTx modem
IP-DECT telephone (base station)
Network switch
Smart home hub
TV/VoD Set-top box
Voice over Internet protocol (VoIP) analog telephone adapter
Wired router
Wireless access point
Wireless routerA modem (e | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In computer networking, a rich client (also called heavy, fat or thick client) is a computer (a "client" in client–server network architecture) that typically provides rich functionality independent of the central server. This kind of computer was originally known as just a "client" or "thick client," in contrast with "thin client", which describes a computer heavily dependent on a server's applications. A rich client may be described as having a rich user interaction | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
SpeedTouch is the brand name of a line of networking equipment produced by Alcatel and Technicolor SA. Before 27 January 2010 Technicolor was known as Thomson SA.
Under the SpeedTouch name Alcatel and Technicolor retail a variety of equipment including ADSL and ADSL2+ modems, residential gateways, wireless access equipment, VoIP handsets and SHDSL interconnect equipment | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A stackable switch is a network switch that is fully functional operating standalone but which can also be set up to operate together with one or more other network switches, with this group of switches showing the characteristics of a single switch but having the port capacity of the sum of the combined switches.
The term stack refers to the group of switches that have been set up in this way.
The common characteristic of a stack acting as a single switch is that there is a single IP address for remote administration of the stack as a whole, not an IP address for the administration of each unit in the stack | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Stofor, pronounced as in "Stow Four", is a store and forward message switching system designed by Fenwood Designs Ltd, UK in 1980.
Market and specification
Stofor was aimed squarely at the bottom end of the market and its competitors were from companies such as Chernikeeff (now John Lilley and Gillie Ltd) and Racal but Stofor was soon outselling both with ease. The Stofor range was based on a 4 MHz Zilog Z80 processor with 64K RAM and provided from 4 to 64 ports | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A network switch (also called switching hub, bridging hub, and, by the IEEE, MAC bridge) is networking hardware that connects devices on a computer network by using packet switching to receive and forward data to the destination device.
A network switch is a multiport network bridge that uses MAC addresses to forward data at the data link layer (layer 2) of the OSI model. Some switches can also forward data at the network layer (layer 3) by additionally incorporating routing functionality | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A network tap is a system that monitors events on a local network. A tap is typically a dedicated hardware device, which provides a way to access the data flowing across a computer network.
The network tap has (at least) three ports: an A port, a B port, and a monitor port | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A telecommunication control unit (TCU), line control unit, or terminal control unit (although terminal control unit may also refer to a terminal cluster controller) is a Front-end processor for mainframes and some minicomputers which supports attachment of one or more telecommunication lines. TCUs free processors from handling the data coming in and out of RS-232 ports. The TCU can support multiple terminals, sometimes hundreds | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A terminal server connects devices with a serial port to a local area network (LAN). Products marketed as terminal servers can be very simple devices that do not offer any security functionality, such as data encryption and user authentication. The primary application scenario is to enable serial devices to access network server applications, or vice versa, where security of the data on the LAN is not generally an issue | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In computer networking, a thin client is a simple (low-performance) computer that has been optimized for establishing a remote connection with a server-based computing environment. They are sometimes known as network computers, or in their simplest form as zero clients. The server does most of the work, which can include launching software programs, performing calculations, and storing data | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In radio communication, a transceiver is an electronic device which is a combination of a radio transmitter and a receiver, hence the name. It can both transmit and receive radio waves using an antenna, for communication purposes. These two related functions are often combined in a single device to reduce manufacturing costs | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A unidirectional network (also referred to as a unidirectional gateway or data diode) is a network appliance or device that allows data to travel in only one direction. Data diodes can be found most commonly in high security environments, such as defense, where they serve as connections between two or more networks of differing security classifications. Given the rise of industrial IoT and digitization, this technology can now be found at the industrial control level for such facilities as nuclear power plants, power generation and safety critical systems like railway networks | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Vector Packet Processing (VPP) platform is an extensible, open-source framework, which offers the functionality of network switches or routers. Vector processing is the process of processing multiple packets at a time, with low latency. Single packet processing and high latency are present in the scalar processing approach, which VPP aims to make obsolete | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A wireless gateway routes packets from a wireless LAN to another network, wired or wireless WAN. It may be implemented as software or hardware or a combination of both. Wireless gateways combine the functions of a wireless access point, a router, and often provide firewall functions as well | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
An XML appliance is a special-purpose network device used to secure, manage and mediate XML traffic. They are most popularly implemented in service-oriented architectures (SOA) to control XML-based web services traffic, and increasingly in cloud-oriented computing to help enterprises integrate on premises applications with off-premises cloud-hosted applications. XML appliances are also commonly referred to as SOA appliances, SOA gateways, XML gateways, and cloud brokers | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Network management is the process of administering and managing computer networks. Services provided by this discipline include fault analysis, performance management, provisioning of networks and maintaining quality of service. Network management software is used by network administrators to help perform these functions | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A network administrator is a person designated in an organization whose responsibility includes maintaining computer infrastructures with emphasis on local area networks (LANs) up to wide area networks (WANs). Responsibilities may vary between organizations, but installing new hardware, on-site servers, enforcing licensing agreements, software-network interactions as well as network integrity and resilience are some of the key areas of focus.
Duties
The role of the network administrator can vary significantly depending on an organization's size, location, and socioeconomic considerations | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
An automounter is any program or software facility which automatically mounts filesystems in response to access operations by user programs. An automounter system utility (daemon under Unix), when notified of file and directory access attempts under selectively monitored subdirectory trees, dynamically and transparently makes local or remote devices accessible.
The automounter has the purpose of conserving local system resources and of reducing the coupling between systems which share filesystems with a number of servers | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Autoscaling, also spelled auto scaling or auto-scaling, and sometimes also called automatic scaling, is a method used in cloud computing that dynamically adjusts the amount of computational resources in a server farm - typically measured by the number of active servers - automatically based on the load on the farm. For example, the number of servers running behind a web application may be increased or decreased automatically based on the number of active users on the site. Since such metrics may change dramatically throughout the course of the day, and servers are a limited resource that cost money to run even while idle, there is often an incentive to run "just enough" servers to support the current load while still being able to support sudden and large spikes in activity | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Avaya Unified Communications Management in computer networking is the name of a collection of GUI software programs from Avaya utilizing a service-oriented architecture (SOA) that serves as a foundation for unifying configuration and monitoring of Avaya Unified Communications Servers and data systems.
History
Origins
These management tools were originally named and created by Synoptics, carried on by Bay Networks, and later updated with the family name Unified Communications Management by Nortel. The products, in a similar fashion as the Optivity product predecessors are notable for their innovative use of web browser based user interface not only for access to network management data, but also for configuration of the network | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) is a network protocol that is used to detect faults between two routers or switches connected by a link. It provides low-overhead detection of faults even on physical media that doesn't support failure detection of any kind, such as Ethernet, virtual circuits, tunnels and MPLS label-switched paths.
BFD establishes a session between two endpoints over a particular link | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Big Brother (alias BB) was a tool for systems and network monitoring, generally used by system administrators. The advent of the dynamic web page allowed Big Brother to be one of the first monitoring systems to use the web as its user interface. Prior to this, monitoring tools were generally console based, or required graphic terminals such as X Window to operate | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Bipartite network projection is an extensively used method for compressing information about bipartite networks. Since the one-mode projection is always less informative than the original bipartite graph, an appropriate method for weighting network connections is often required. Optimal weighting methods reflect the nature of the specific network, conform to the designer's objectives and aim at minimizing information loss | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In computer networking, if the network is bisected into two equal-sized partitions, the bisection bandwidth of a network topology is the bandwidth available between the two partitions. Bisection should be done in such a way that the bandwidth between two partitions is minimum. Bisection bandwidth gives the true bandwidth available in the entire system | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Capacity management's goal is to ensure that information technology resources are sufficient to meet upcoming business requirements cost-effectively. One common interpretation of capacity management is described in the ITIL framework. ITIL version 3 views capacity management as comprising three sub-processes: business capacity management, service capacity management, and component capacity management | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Common Management Information Protocol (CMIP) is the OSI specified network management protocol.
Defined in ITU-T Recommendation X. 711, ISO/IEC International Standard 9596-1 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
RCS, originally Radio Computing Services, is a provider of scheduling and broadcast software for radio, Internet and television stations.
History
RCS was founded in 1979 by Dr. Andrew Economos | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Taxware, LLC is a division of Vista Equity Partners that specializes in sales, use and value-added tax calculation. Taxware is based in Wilmington, MA. Founded in 1979, Taxware is Sarbanes-Oxley Section 404 compliant and one of six Certified Service Provider Platforms available to retailers | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
New Implementation of LISP (NIL) is a programming language, a dialect of the language Lisp, developed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) during the 1970s, and intended to be the successor to the language Maclisp. It is a 32-bit implementation, and was in part a response to Digital Equipment Corporation's (DEC) VAX computer. The project was headed by Jon L White, with a stated goal of maintaining compatibility with MacLisp while fixing many of its problems | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Dog Star Adventure is a text adventure game written by Lance Micklus in TRS-80 BASIC and published as the cover article in the May 1979 issue of SoftSide magazine. It is historically notable as the first example of the source code to a text adventure being published, and as a result, many later text adventures are based on its concepts.
The game takes place in the Star Wars universe, loosely following the plot of the movie during the action that takes place on the Death Star | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Video Chess is a chess game for the Atari VCS (renamed to the Atari 2600 in 1982) programmed by Larry Wagner and Bob Whitehead and released by Atari in 1979. Both programmers later developed games for Activision.
Gameplay
The game is played from an overhead perspective | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Institute of Audio Research (IAR) was an educational institution in New York City. Students of IAR were offered a wide variety of academic programs in the field of music production and audio engineering. Students could choose from courses in audio electronics, digital music production, mixing music, and audio processing and storage, among others | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Los Angeles Recording School is a private, for-profit college and is a division of the larger Los Angeles Film School. It is located in Hollywood, California. The school offers Associate of Science degree programs in Recording Arts and Music Production | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Mid-Ocean School of Media Arts (MOSMA) is a private vocational institution located in Winnipeg, Manitoba.
MOSMA was founded in 1994 with a specific focus in delivering education in audio production technology through theoretical and practical study including mentorships with recording artists, audio engineers, and producers. The institution offers a six-month diploma programme (Audio in Media) as well as a series of self-interest part-time courses | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Point Blank is a global network of music production schools founded in London in 1994 by musician and producer Robert Cowan, offering a variety of courses in electronic music production, sound engineering, DJing, singing, songwriting, radio broadcasting, and music business. In addition to its original location in Hoxton, North London, Point Blank now has schools in Los Angeles, Ibiza, Mumbai, Hangzhou, Shenzhen, and online.
History
Point Blank started as a recording studio in Greenwich, London in 1994 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Recording Workshop (RECW) is a school that teaches the process of music recording and audio production. It is located seven miles south of Chillicothe, Ohio, USA.
History
Founded in 1977 as "The Recording Workshop", the school was associated with Appalachia Sound Recording Studio | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Salford Acoustics offers acoustics and audio engineering courses, undertakes public and industrial research in acoustics, carries out commercial testing, and undertakes activities to engage the public in acoustic science and engineering. It is based in two locations: (i) 3 km west of Manchester city centre, UK, in the Newton Building on the Peel Park Campus of the University of Salford, and (ii) on the banks of the Manchester Ship Canal in Manchester at MediaCityUK.
History and current structure
The first acoustic laboratories were established in Salford in 1965; in the early 1970s the Department of Applied Acoustics was formed | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Spirit Studios, formerly known as SSR and The School of Sound Recording, is a music and media training academy producing graduates within the music, television, film and radio industries. It is based in Manchester in northern England, and has offshoots in London and Jakarta.
History
Commercial studio
Spirit Studios, based on Tariff Street in Manchester, began as a commercial recording studio in 1980 as part of the Northern Quarter, also known as the creative quarter | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Audio Engineering Society (AES) is a professional body for engineers, scientists, other individuals with an interest or involvement in the professional audio industry. The membership largely comprises engineers developing devices or products for audio, and persons working in audio content production. It also includes acousticians, audiologists, academics, and those in other disciplines related to audio | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI) standardized as AES10 by the Audio Engineering Society (AES) defines the data format and electrical characteristics of an interface that carries multiple channels of digital audio. The AES first documented the MADI standard in AES10-1991 and updated it in AES10-2003 and AES10-2008. The MADI standard includes a bit-level description and has features in common with the two-channel AES3 interface | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The AES11 standard published by the Audio Engineering Society provides a systematic approach to the synchronization of digital audio signals. AES11 recommends using an AES3 signal to distribute audio clocks within a facility. In this application, the connection is referred to as a Digital Audio Reference Signal (DARS) | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
AES31 is a standard developed by the Audio Engineering Society for the interchange of digital audio projects between different systems. The primary purpose of the standard is to allow exchange of audio editing projects between digital audio workstations (DAWs). The standard is divided into three parts, the most critical of which is the project interchange format, which defines a standard for edit decision lists | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
AES47 is a standard which describes a method for transporting AES3 professional digital audio streams over Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) networks.
The Audio Engineering Society (AES) published AES47 in 2002. The method described by AES47 is also published by the International Electrotechnical Commission as IEC 62365 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
AES51 is a standard first published by the Audio Engineering Society in June 2006 that specifies a method of carrying Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) cells over Ethernet physical structure intended in particular for use with AES47 to carry AES3 digital audio transport structure. The purpose of this is to provide an open standard, Ethernet based approach to the networking of linear (uncompressed) digital audio with extremely high quality-of-service alongside standard Internet Protocol connections.
This standard specifies a method, also known as "ATM-E", of carrying ATM cells over hardware specified for IEEE 802 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
AES52 is a standard first published by the Audio Engineering Society in March 2006 that specifies the insertion of unique identifiers into the AES3 digital audio transport structure.
Background
The AES3 transport stream continues to be used extensively in both discrete and network based audio systems alongside audio stored as files. Audio content is moving towards being handled by asset management systems and descriptive metadata is associated with that content is also being stored within systems | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
AES67 is a technical standard for audio over IP and audio over Ethernet (AoE) interoperability. The standard was developed by the Audio Engineering Society and first published in September 2013. It is a layer 3 protocol suite based on existing standards and is designed to allow interoperability between various IP-based audio networking systems such as RAVENNA, Livewire, Q-LAN and Dante | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Open Control Architecture (OCA) is a communications protocol architecture for control, monitoring, and connection management of networked audio and video devices. Such networks are referred to as "media networks".
The official specification of OCA is the Audio Engineering Society (AES) standard known as AES70-2015, or just AES70 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
An audio engineer (also known as a sound engineer or recording engineer) helps to produce a recording or a live performance, balancing and adjusting sound sources using equalization, dynamics processing and audio effects, mixing, reproduction, and reinforcement of sound. Audio engineers work on the "technical aspect of recording—the placing of microphones, pre-amp knobs, the setting of levels. The physical recording of any project is done by an engineer | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Đani Pervan is a Bosnian musician, songwriter, record producer, and sound engineer.
Life and career
Pervan was born and raised in Sarajevo, SR Bosnia and Herzegovina. He is a self-taught musician | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
An audio plug-in, in computer software, is a plug-in that can add or enhance audio-related functionality in a computer program. Such functionality may include digital signal processing or sound synthesis. Audio plug-ins usually provide their own user interface, which often contains GUI widgets that can be used to control and visualise the plug-in's audio parameters | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
AllJoyn is an open source software framework that allows compatible devices and applications find each other, communicate and collaborate across the boundaries of product category, platform, brand, and connection type. Originally the AllSeen Alliance promoted the project, from 2013 until 2016 when the alliance merged with the Open Connectivity Foundation (OCF). In 2018 the source code became hosted by GitHub | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Altacast (formerly known as Edcast and Oddcast) is a free and open-source audio encoder that can be used to create Internet streams of varying types. Many independent and commercial broadcasters use Altacast to create Internet radio stations, such as those listed on the Icecast, Loudcaster and Shoutcast station directories.
Development
The original streaming software, Oddcast, was developed from 2000 to 2010 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
An audio converter is a device or software that converts an audio signal from one format to another.
Hardware audio converters include analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), which convert analog audio to uncompressed digital form (e. g | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
An audio search engine is a web-based search engine which crawls the web for audio content. The information can consist of web pages, images, audio files, or another type of document. Various techniques exist for research on these engines | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Block Error Rate (BLER) is a ratio of the number of erroneous blocks to the total number of blocks transmitted on a digital circuit.
It is used in measuring the error rate when extracting data frames from a Compact Disc (CD). The BLER measurement is often used as a quality control measure with regards to how well audio is retained on a compact disc over time | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Cthugha is a music visualization computer program. It was written in the mid-1990s by Kevin "Zaph" Burfitt, originally for the PC, and was later ported to other platforms. It was freely distributed | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
EasyEffects (formerly known as PulseEffects) is a free and open-source GTK application for Unix-like systems which provides a large array of audio effects and filters to apply to input and output audio streams. The application originally used the Pulseaudio sound server as it allowed effects to be added to audio streams with ease, however, now runs exclusively on the PipeWire sound server after a port in 2021. It is published under the GPL-3 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Electronic skip protection is a data buffer system used in some portable compact disc (CD) players and all MiniDisc (MD) units so that audio will not be disrupted while the disk cannot be read due to movement.
Technology
When the buffering circuitry is in operation, the compact disc is read at a fixed read speed or CAV and the content is buffered (with optional ADPCM compression) and fed to RAM within the player. The audio content is read from RAM, optionally decompressed, and then sent to the digital-to-analog converter | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Freemake Audio Converter is an ad-supported audio conversion utility developed by Ellora Assets Corporation. The program is used to convert across different audio formats, merge audio files, and extract audio from video files. Freemake Audio Converter 1 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Gig Performer is a cross-platform audio plug-in host software package developed by Deskew Technologies. It is designed to provide a solution for playing an instrument and effect plug-ins live, without using a DAW. It was originally released in late 2016 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
I-Doser is an application for the playback of proprietary audio content. The developer claims the separately purchasable content aims to simulate specific mental states through the use of binaural beats, some of it is named after various recreational drugs. The I-Doser player has been downloaded millions of times and is based on the audio technology of a GPL-licensed binaural beat generator, SBaGen | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
JamKazam is proprietary networked music performance software that enables real-time rehearsing, jamming and performing with musicians at remote locations, overcoming latency - the time lapse that occurs while (compressed) audio streams travel to and from each musician. JamKazam is available in free and premium versions; the free version is peer-to-peer only, while the paid version offers the client-server model too, choosing whichever route is faster. It also allows streaming to social media, and has pre-recorded "JamTracks" for subscribers to play along to | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Jamulus is open source (GPL) networked music performance software that enables live rehearsing, jamming and performing with musicians located anywhere on the internet. Jamulus is written by Volker Fischer and contributors using C++. The Software is based on the Qt framework and uses the OPUS audio codec | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Korg Collection 4 (Formerly Known as the Korg Legacy Collection and then simply the Korg Collection with Numbers denoting major updates) is the one of the largest collections of VST instruments from Korg and was released in 2004 with updates and more Synths added over time. The original 2004 release consists of the Korg MS-20, Korg Polysix and Korg Wavestation, and LegacyCell, a VST which layers combinations of any of the past 3 synths mentioned. In 2006, they added the Korg Mono/Poly, Korg M1, and Korg MDE-X Multi FX processor | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Renoise is a digital audio workstation (DAW) based upon the heritage and development of tracker software. Its primary use is the composition of music using sound samples, soft synths, and effects plug-ins. It is also able to interface with MIDI and OSC equipment | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
LoLa (low latency audio visual streaming system) is proprietary networked music performance software, first conceived in 2005, that enables real-time rehearsing and performing with musicians at remote locations, overcoming latency - the time lapse that occurs while (compressed) audio streams travel to and from each musician.
Unlike similar systems, LoLa offers ultra-low latency video as well as audio streaming, and for this reason has extremely stringent hardware requirements (estimated cost over 12,600 euros). The current version supports up to 3 connections, with up to 4 cameras per site | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
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