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A tape transport is the collection of parts of a magnetic tape player or recorder that move the tape and play or record it. Transport parts include the head, capstan, pinch roller, tape pins, and tape guide. The tape transport as a whole is called the transport mechanism
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The telediphone was an early sound recording system, using cylindrical recording media. One such system was used from 20 December 1938 at the US Navy radio intercept station at Shanghai, to monitor the Moscow-Tokyo diplomatic circuit, using two recorders. In January 1939, this equipment was reported as more successful than automatic recording equipment trialed for the same purpose
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TonePort is a line of USB audio interfaces from Line 6 which extended the earlier GuitarPort interface. The TonePort line was eventually replaced, except for the UX8 model, by the POD Studio line. The TonePort line included the following models: GX - features: 1/4" instrument input, 1/8" line out/phones, USB output
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The transcription machine is a special purpose machine which is used for word or voice processing. This special device manages audio video recording to transcribe them into written or hard copy form. So transcription machines are combination of transcribers and dictation machines
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The Volta Laboratory (also known as the Alexander Graham Bell Laboratory, the Bell Carriage House and the Bell Laboratory) and the Volta Bureau were created in Georgetown, Washington, D. C. , by Alexander Graham Bell
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In magnetic tape recording, adaptive biasing is the technique of continuously varying the bias current to a recording head in accordance with the level of high-frequency audio signals. With adaptive biasing, high levels of high-frequency audio signals cause a proportionate decrease in bias current using either feedforward or preferably a negative feedback control system. Compared with the use of fixed bias current, adaptive biasing provides a higher maximum output level and higher dynamic range at the upper end of the audible spectrum and to a lesser extent, mid-range frequencies
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Since the widespread adoption of reel-to-reel audio tape recording in the 1950s, audio tapes and tape cassettes have been available in many formats. This article describes the length, tape thickness and playing times of some of the most common ones. All tape thicknesses here refer to the total tape thickness unless otherwise specified, including the base, the oxide coating and any back coating
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A cassette deck is a type of tape machine for playing and recording audio cassettes that does not have a built-in power amplifier or speakers, and serves primarily as a transport. It can be a part of an automotive entertainment system, a part of a portable mini system or a part of a home component system. In the latter case it is also called a component cassette deck or just a component deck
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Audio compact cassettes use magnetic tape of three major types which differ in fundamental magnetic properties, the level of bias applied during recording, and the optimal time constant of replay equalization. Specifications of each type were set in 1979 by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC): Type I (IEC I, 'ferric' or 'normal' tapes), Type II (IEC II, or 'chrome' tapes), Type III (IEC III, ferrichrome or ferrochrome), and Type IV (IEC IV, or 'metal' tapes). 'Type 0' was a non-standard designation for early compact cassettes that did not conform to IEC specification
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DC-International is a tape cassette format developed by Grundig and marketed in 1965. DC is the abbreviation of "Double Cassette", as the cassette contained two reels; International was intended to indicate that, from the beginning, several companies around the world supported the format with suitable tape cassette tape recorders, recorded music cassettes and blank cassettes. Since DC-International did not compete effectively against the similar Compact Cassette, it was discontinued in 1967
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Flanging is an audio effect produced by mixing two identical signals together, one signal delayed by a small and (usually) gradually changing period, usually smaller than 20 milliseconds. This produces a swept comb filter effect: peaks and notches are produced in the resulting frequency spectrum, related to each other in a linear harmonic series. Varying the time delay causes these to sweep up and down the frequency spectrum
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Helical scan is a method of recording high-frequency signals on magnetic tape. It is used in open-reel video tape recorders, video cassette recorders, digital audio tape recorders, and some computer tape drives. With this technique, magnetic tape heads are placed on a rotating head drum
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Preservation of magnetic audiotape comprises techniques for handling, cleaning and storage of magnetic audiotapes in an archival repository. Multiple types of magnetic media exist but are mainly in the form of open reels or enclosed cassettes. Although digitization of materials on fragile magnetic media in library and information science is a common practice, there remains a need for conserving the actual physical magnetic tape and playback equipment as artifacts
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Big Nose the Caveman is a side-scrolling platform game developed by Optimus Software and released in 1991 by Camerica for the Nintendo Entertainment System and by Codemasters for the Amiga and the Atari ST. A Master System and Game Gear version called Dinobasher was completed, but never published. Gameplay Big Nose runs through many islands to find his dinner, because he is very hungry
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Cobra Mission: Panic in Cobra City is an MS-DOS adventure game published in 1992 in North America by Megatech Software as a port of the 1991 PC-98 Cobra Mission (コブラミッション) game by INOS. This was the first eroge released in English. Gameplay The gameplay in Cobra Mission uses a simple point and click interface
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Discworld MUD is a popular MUD, a text-based online role-playing game, set in the Discworld as depicted in the Discworld series of books by Terry Pratchett. History The MUD was founded in 1991 and opened to the public in 1992 (receiving continuous updates since then, now thirty years later). Originally containing a small section of the then rather loosely defined Ankh-Morpork, over time more locations have been added as the world has been further described in the book series, and laid out in the map supplements (such as The Streets of Ankh-Morpork and The Discworld Mapp)
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Filth is a 1998 novel by Scottish writer Irvine Welsh. A sequel, Crime, was published in 2008. It was adapted into a 2013 film of the same name, directed by Jon S
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The Host is a 2008 science fiction romance novel by Stephenie Meyer. The book is about Earth, in a post-apocalyptic time, being invaded by a parasitic alien race known as "Souls", and follows one Soul's predicament when the consciousness of her human host refuses to give up her body. The Host was released on May 6, 2008, with an initial print run of 750,000 copies
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Metroid is a series of nonlinear science fiction action games published by Nintendo, featuring side-scrolling, metroidvania, and first-person shooter elements. The player character and protagonist of the series is Samus Aran, a spacefaring bounty hunter who battles Space Pirates and an extraterrestrial species called the Metroid. Overview A dark grey cell indicates that the character was not in the property or that the character's presence in the property has yet to be announced
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The Supernaturalist is a science fiction cyberpunk novel by Irish author Eoin Colfer. The book was influenced by film noir and other predecessors of the cyberpunk science fiction movement. Colfer has outlined plans for a sequel, The Supernaturalist 2
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Legend of Dinosaurs & Monster Birds (恐竜・怪鳥の伝説, Kyōryū Kaichō no Densetsu, lit. Legend of Dinosaurs and Ominous Birds), also known in the U. S
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"Boobs" is a fantasy short story by Suzy McKee Charnas. It was first published in Asimov's Science Fiction, in July 1989. Synopsis Kelsey Bornstein's classmates bully her because she is the first person their age to grow large breasts
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"The Compleat Werewolf" is a 1942 fantasy short story by Anthony Boucher. It was first published in Unknown Worlds. Synopsis When philology professor Wolfe Wolf learns a magic word that can transform him into a wolf, the consequences are not what he expected
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Werewolf fiction denotes the portrayal of werewolves and other shapeshifting therianthropes, in the media of literature, drama, film, games and music. Werewolf literature includes folklore, legend, saga, fairy tales, Gothic and horror fiction, fantasy fiction and poetry. Such stories may be supernatural, symbolic or allegorical
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Mirkwood is a name used for a great dark fictional forest in novels by Sir Walter Scott and William Morris in the 19th century, and by J. R. R
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The Caribbean Public Health Agency (CARPHA) is a regional public health agency headquartered in Trinidad and Tobago which was established by CARICOM leaders in July 2011 and began operation in 2013. CARPHA combines the functions of five pre-existing regional health institutions: The Caribbean Environmental Health Institute (CEHI), The Caribbean Epidemiology Centre (CAREC), The Caribbean Food and Nutrition Institute (CFNI), The Caribbean Health Research Centre (CHRC), and The Caribbean Research and Drug Treatment Laboratory (CRDTL). History The CARPHA was established in 2013
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Marburg virus (MARV) is a hemorrhagic fever virus of the Filoviridae family of viruses and a member of the species Marburg marburgvirus, genus Marburgvirus. It causes Marburg virus disease in primates, a form of viral hemorrhagic fever. The virus is considered to be extremely dangerous
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Nipah virus is a bat-borne virus that causes Nipah virus infection in humans and other animals, a disease with a high mortality rate. Numerous disease outbreaks caused by Nipah virus have occurred in North East Africa and Southeast Asia. Nipah virus belongs to the genus Henipavirus along with the Hendra virus, which has also caused disease outbreaks
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Zaire ebolavirus, more commonly known as Ebola virus (; EBOV), is one of six known species within the genus Ebolavirus. Four of the six known ebolaviruses, including EBOV, cause a severe and often fatal hemorrhagic fever in humans and other mammals, known as Ebola virus disease (EVD). Ebola virus has caused the majority of human deaths from EVD, and was the cause of the 2013–2016 epidemic in western Africa, which resulted in at least 28,646 suspected cases and 11,323 confirmed deaths
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The index case or patient zero is the first documented patient in a disease epidemic within a population, or the first documented patient included in an epidemiological study. It can also refer to the first case of a condition or syndrome (not necessarily contagious) to be described in the medical literature, whether or not the patient is thought to be the first person affected. An index case can achieve the status of a "classic" case study in the literature, as did Phineas Gage, the first known person to exhibit a definitive personality change as a result of a brain injury
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The curation of extraterrestrial samples (astromaterials) obtained by sample-return missions take place at facilities specially designed to preserve both the sample integrity and protect the Earth. Astromaterials are classified as either non-restricted or restricted, depending on the nature of the Solar System body. Non-restricted samples include the Moon, asteroids, comets, solar particles and space dust
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In philately a railway stamp is a stamp issued to pay the cost of the conveyance of a letter or parcel by rail. A wide variety of railway stamps have been issued by different countries and by private and state railways. Railway stamps of an unofficial or semi-official type are considered cinderella stamps
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A registered envelope is a form of postal stationery consisting of a strong envelope with an imprinted stamp or indicia used for sending registered mail. The envelopes usually include a perpendicular blue cross and an R in a circle symbol, both internationally recognised symbols of registered mail. The imprinted stamp (often on the flap) shows the fee for the registration service, while a space is left for a postage stamp to be affixed to pay the postage fee
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The Turks and Caicos Islands issued revenue stamps from 1988 to 1998. The Turks and Caicos Islands normally used postage stamps for fiscal purposes, however on 15 December 1988 they issued a $10 value intended for the payment of departure tax. This did not have any wording on it indicating fiscal use and thus was also accepted for postal purposes
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The Rocky Mountain Philatelic Library is a privately funded public library in Denver, Colorado. History The library opened on 1 August 1993. A number of moves followed but eventually on 3 August 1996 it opened at its current premises which it owns outright
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A rose engine lathe is a specialized kind of geometric lathe. The head stock rocks back and forth with a rocking motion and/or slides along the spindle axis in a pumping motion. A rosette or cam-like pattern mounted on the spindle is controlled by moving against a cam follower(s) while the lathe spindle rotates
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The Sacramento Philatelic Society is a philatelic organization serving stamp collectors in the Sacramento area of California. History The club was founded in 1914 by Mr. A
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Since the advent of Scouting in 1907, Scouts have been depicted on the postage stamps of almost every nation during different times of their political development. The Scouts on Stamps Society International, or SOSSI was created as a response to stamp collectors who want to specialize in the field of Scouting in their collections in particular. Individual nations have organizations for Scout philatelists as well
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A self-adhesive stamp is a postage stamp with a pressure-sensitive adhesive that does not require moistening in order to adhere to paper. They are usually issued on a removable backing paper. Stamp collectors criticized the format, because the rubber based adhesive used tended to progressively yellow the stamps
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The Small European Postal Administration Cooperation (SEPAC; also ". .
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The Society for the Suppression of Speculative Stamps (S. S. S
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A special stamp is a type of postage stamp typically intended for use on special occasions and holidays that occur repeatedly. Christmas stamps, with a seasonal design, and used in vast numbers to mail Christmas cards, are the most familiar, but in recent years a number of other types have appeared. The characteristics separating special stamps from definitive stamps and commemorative stamps are not precise; like definitives, they are "working stamps" printed in large quantities and mostly used on mails, but they also commemorate specific occasions and typically have a more elaborate and attractive design
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Stamp tongs are tweezers used to handle postage stamps. They are used by stamp collectors and philatelists, because they are a reliable way to hold and move stamps without damaging or getting skin oils on them. The jaws of stamp tongs are smooth in contrast to the striated jaws of the type of tweezers one might use to grasp and pull a thorn; such tweezers will damage stamps
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Stamp World London 90 was an international stamp exhibition held 3-13 May 1990 at the Alexandra Palace, London. The exhibition celebrated the 150th anniversary of the introduction of adhesive postage stamps, the first two being the Uniform Penny Post and the Penny Black. The centennial of this event occurred in 1940, and any celebration was overshadowed by the reality of World War II
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The Stamp-Collector's Magazine was one of the earliest philatelic magazines. It was published in twelve volumes between February 1863 and 1874. Contributors Among its regular contributors was the first female philatelist of note, Adelaide Lucy Fenton, who wrote under a variety of pen-names, including Herbert Camoens, the name of a Portuguese poet which she chose partly because it also included the name of the Belgian dealer Jean-Baptiste Moens, Fentonia, Celestina, Virginia and SJV after the name of her home, St
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The Stamp-Collector's Review and Monthly Advertiser (originally the Monthly Advertiser then The Stamp-Collector's Monthly Advertiser) was one of the earliest philatelic magazines. It was published by Edward Moore & Co. of Liverpool from 15 December 1862 (Vol
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An underprint is anything printed underneath the main design of a stamp, banknote or similar item. Underprinting is used as a security measure to prevent forgery, or the cleaning of a postmark from a used stamp. The most common form of underprinting is burelage which takes the form of a faint pattern of lines or dots
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The U. S. Post Office in Sycamore, Illinois is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as part of the Sycamore Historic District
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World War II postal acronyms were first used to convey messages between servicemen and their sweethearts back home. They were usually written on the back of an envelope. The acronyms, possibly including some more recent additions, include: S
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An armoured train (US: armored train) is a railway train protected with heavy metal plating and which often includes railway wagons armed with artillery, machine guns and autocannons. Some also had slits used to fire small arms from the inside of the train, especially in earlier armoured trains. For the most part they were used during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, when they offered an innovative way to quickly move large amounts of firepower into a new location
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Spectral Force 3: Innocent Rage (スペクトラルフォース3 ~イノセント レイジ~) is a tactical role-playing game developed by Idea Factory for the Xbox 360. Innocent Rage, like the previous PlayStation 2 Spectral Force titles, takes place in the fantasy world of Neverland, and details the First Neverland War. It is the first entry in the series to be released in the Western Hemisphere, with Atlus securing publishing rights in North America, where the game is simply titled Spectral Force 3
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Star Wars: Empire at War: Forces of Corruption is an expansion pack for the computer game Star Wars: Empire at War released in October 2006. It adds the "Zann Consortium" as a third faction in addition to a number of new features. Gameplay For further information see Star Wars: Empire at War Gameplay Star Wars: Empire at War: Forces of Corruption adds the organized crime syndicate the Zann Consortium as a third faction
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Sudoku Mania is a 2006 sudoku puzzle game developed by Frontline Studios and published by UFO Interactive Games. Released on June 30, 2006, Sudoku Mania received "generally unfavorable" reviews from critics, having a score of 25 out of 100 on review aggregator Metacritic. Critics criticized the game's controls for being "disappointingly" "simplistic" and "obtuse"
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Sword of the Stars is a space 4X game developed by Kerberos Productions. In the game the player chooses one of four unique races to form an interstellar empire and conquer the galaxy. In order to win, the player must expand territory by colonizing new star systems, exploit the resources available to their colonies, design and build starships, and improve their empire's technology through research and strategy
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This is How You Will Die is an interactive digital poetry and art game created by Jason Nelson, a new media artist, digital poet, and lecturer. Released in 2005, the game combines elements of poetry, digital art, and chance-based mechanics to explore the concept of death and the unpredictability of life. The work has been praised for its innovative approach to digital poetry and its thought-provoking content
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Titan Quest is a 2006 action role-playing game developed by Iron Lore Entertainment and published by THQ for Windows, first physically and then in 2007 through Steam. A mobile port was developed by DotEmu and published in 2016, and versions for PlayStation 4, Xbox One and Nintendo Switch were released in 2018. All these versions were published by THQ Nordic
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Tornado Mania! is a mobile game developed by Digital Chocolate. Players assume the role of a scientist who has decided to create his own Utopia by collecting buildings with the tornadoes he creates. Gameplay Players assume the role of a scientist who has grown weary of the world and therefore decides to create his own isolated Utopia
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Trendio. com was an online prediction game. Users, instead of buying stock in companies with real money, bought stock in certain news subjects with fake money
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Unauthorized Termination is a 2006 work of interactive fiction written by Richard Otter about a senior investigator given a murder enquiry that is not everything it appears to be. It is written in ADRIFT 4 and came 10th in the 2006 annual Interactive Fiction Competition. Unauthorized Termination was also a Nominee in the 2006 XYZZY Awards for Best Settings
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Undercover: Operation Wintersun is an adventure game developed by Sproing Interactive Media and published by Lighthouse Interactive. It was released in North America on September 4, 2007. The player is placed in control of Dr
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Universal Century Gundam Online was a massively multiplayer online role-playing game based in the Universal Century Gundam universe that launched in 2006. There was a monthly fee for this game which is ¥1575 for 30 days of access (approximately US$17). On June 15, 2007, Dimps announced that Gundam Online would be going offline at 10:00 JST on December 15, 2007
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Uno Free Fall is a 2006 puzzle game released on the Game Boy Advance and mobile phone based on the card game Uno. It is also included on the Nintendo DS 3-in-1 game, Uno / Skip-Bo / Uno Freefall. It was released in the PAL Region on March 2, 2007
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New Super Luigi U (stylized as New Super Luigi Bros. U) is a 2013 platform game developed by Nintendo for the Wii U. It is an expansion pack for New Super Mario Bros
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Norn9 is a 2013 otome game for PlayStation Portable. It was developed by Otomate and published by Idea Factory. A PlayStation Vita port, entitled Norn9: Var Commons, was released on December 11, 2014
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Playing History 2 - Slave Trade is a game developed and published by Serious Games Interactive, and released on September 13, 2013, for Windows and Mac OS X on the Steam platform. The game is intended to be an “edutainment” experience, teaching players about the Atlantic slave trade. The game caused a great deal of controversy for its inclusion of a "Slave Tetris" minigame, which was later removed, and other depictions of slavery seen to be offensive
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Prime World: Defenders is a cross-platform collectible card Tower Defense game set in the Prime World universe. The game uses a Free-to-play distribution model. In December 2012 Prime World: Defenders was announced and released for beta testing
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Ragnarok Online: Valkyrie Uprising was a free MMORPG developed by Gravity and published by NEOCYON for iOS and Android in 2013. The game's servers have been closed since 2018. In 2022, a sequel named Ragnarok V: Returns was released
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Trials is a racing game series developed by Ubisoft RedLynx and published by Ubisoft, loosely based on the real-life sport of motorcycle trials. It involves a motorcycle rider in a 2. 5D world, traversing obstacles under the influence of simulated physics
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A trilogy is a set of three distinct works that are connected and can be seen either as a single work or as three individual works. They are commonly found in literature, film, and video games. Three-part works that are considered components of a larger work also exist, such as the triptych or the three-movement sonata, but they are not commonly referred to with the term "trilogy"
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True Crime is a series of open world action-adventure video games told from the perspective of law enforcement. There are two games in the series, True Crime: Streets of LA, released in 2003, and True Crime: New York City, released in 2005. Each game features GPS-accurate open world recreations of parts of Los Angeles and New York City, respectively
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True Love Story (トゥルー・ラブストーリー, Turū Rabusutōrī) is a series of four dating sims. True Love Story and True Love Story 2 were released by ASCII for the PlayStation. True Love Story 3 and True Love Story: Summer Days, and yet
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Cyber Troopers Virtual-On (電脳戦機バーチャロン, Dennō Senki Bāchyaron, roughly "Computer Fighting Machine Virtual-On") is a series of video games created by Sega AM3 (Amusement Research and Development Department 3, later renamed Hitmaker). The series was created by Juro Watari. The original series was first published for arcades in January 1996
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Wedding Dash is a series of strategy casual video games by PlayFirst. It was released on October 18, 2007 as a spin-off to the Diner Dash series of games. Plot The player plays as Quinn, a hopeful wedding planner
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Westward is a series of Tycoon video games developed by Sandlot Games, the makers of the equally popular Tradewinds series. Westward Plot The game is a strategy game set in the Old West and revolves around a slew of characters making a name for themselves in various towns. These include Hope River, Lightning Bluff, and Paradise Falls
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World Championship Poker is a series of poker video games first developed by Coresoft and released in 2004 by Crave Entertainment. The series capitalizes on the recent popularity of poker due to the successful World Series of Poker. The first title of the series, World Championship Poker received generally favorable reviews when it was released
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World Heroes (ワールドヒーローズ, Wārudo Hīrōzu) is a series of four fighting games created originally by ADK with assistance from SNK for the Neo Geo family of arcade and home consoles. Over the years, the games have been ported to various non-SNK platforms as well including the Super NES and Sega Saturn. A fifth title World Heroes Pocket was announced for release on the Neo Geo Pocket around 1999 but later canceled
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Yetisports is a series of online flash games created in 2004 by Austrian studio Edelweiss Medienwerkst and later by ROOT9 Medialab. Original titles Yetisports: Pingu Throw Release date: January 19, 2004 Platforms: Flash, Mobile, PlayStation Portable, iOS, Android In this game, the player must click the mouse to hit the penguin with a baseball bat. Depending on when the player clicks the mouse, the yeti will hit the penguin a long distance, a short distance, or not hit the penguin at all
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Ys (イース, Īsu, IPA: [iːsɯ]) () is a series of action role-playing games developed by Nihon Falcom. The series chronicles the life of the adventurer Adol Christin. The first game in the series, Ys I: Ancient Ys Vanished, was released on the NEC PC-8801 in 1987
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4X (abbreviation of Explore, Expand, Exploit, Exterminate) is a subgenre of strategy-based computer and board games, and includes both turn-based and real-time strategy titles. The gameplay generally involves building an empire. Emphasis is placed upon economic and technological development, as well as a range of military and non-military routes to supremacy
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An action role-playing game (often abbreviated action RPG or ARPG) is a subgenre of video games that combines core elements from both the action game and role-playing genre. Definition The games emphasize real-time combat where the player has direct control over the characters as opposed to turn or menu-based combat while still having a focus on character's stats in order to determine relative strength and abilities. These games often use action game combat systems similar to hack and slash or shooter games
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An arena shooter is a subgenre of shooter games and multiplayer games that cover both the first-person shooter and third-person shooter genres. These games emphasize fast-paced movement in enclosed map designs that foster engagement between players. Game design Arena shooters are multiplayer shooter games with several key characteristics
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Artillery games are two or three-player (usually turn-based) video games involving tanks (or simply cannons) trying to destroy each other. The core mechanics of the gameplay is almost always to aim at the opponent(s) following a ballistic trajectory (in its simplest form, a parabolic curve). Artillery games are among the earliest computer games developed; the theme of such games is an extension of the original uses of computer themselves, which were once used to calculate the trajectories of rockets and other related military-based calculations
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An auto battler, also known as auto chess, is a subgenre of strategy video games that typically feature chess-like elements where players place characters on a grid-shaped battlefield during a preparation phase, who then fight the opposing team's characters without any further direct input from the player. The genre was popularized by Dota Auto Chess in early 2019 and saw other games in the genre released soon after by more established studios, such as Teamfight Tactics, Dota Underlords, and Hearthstone's Battlegrounds. Gameplay Auto battler games typically feature multiple players competing against each other as individuals, similar to a battle royale
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Bullet hell (弾幕, danmaku, literally "barrage" or "bullet curtain"), also known as manic shooter, is a subgenre of shoot 'em up video games featuring large amounts of projectiles the player character is required to dodge. Introduced in 1993 with Batsugun and initially limited to vertically scrolling shooters, bullet hell elements were later added to numerous other genres. Pure bullet hell games remained a niche genre due to their high level of difficulty, akin to masocore games
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Business simulation games, also known as economic simulation games or tycoon games, are games that focus on the management of economic processes, usually in the form of a business. Pure business simulations have been described as construction and management simulations without a construction element, and can thus be called simulations. Indeed, micromanagement is often emphasized in these kinds of games
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A collectible card game (CCG), also called a trading card game (TCG) among other names, is a type of card game that mixes strategic deck building elements with features of trading cards, introduced with Magic: The Gathering in 1993. Generally a player may begin playing a CCG with a pre-made starter deck, and then customize their deck with a random assortment of cards acquired through booster packs, or from trading with other players, building up their own library of cards. As a player obtains more cards, they may create new decks from scratch from their library
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Combat flight simulators are vehicle simulation games, amateur flight simulation computer programs used to simulate military aircraft and their operations. These are distinct from dedicated flight simulators used for professional pilot and military flight training which consist of realistic physical recreations of the actual aircraft cockpit, often with a full-motion platform. Combat flight simulation titles are more numerous than civilian flight simulators due to the variety of subject matter available and market demand
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Comedy in video games refers to the prevalence of comedy within the medium of video games. While some critics and designers believe the genre of comedic video games suffers from a lack of development, it has been argued that incidental comedy in video games is rather common, often coming in the form of "ludo-comedic consonance", an affinity between narrative and gameplay that reinforces comedy in a similar manner to how ludonarrative dissonance is a disconnect between narrative and gameplay. Both comedy and video games have historically had difficulty gaining recognition and status from academic institutions, and have been called trivial by critics
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A computer wargame is a wargame played on a digital device. Descended from board wargaming, it simulates military conflict at the tactical, operational or strategic level. Computer wargames are both sold commercially for recreational use and, in some cases, used for military purposes
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Construction and management simulation (CMS), sometimes also called management sim or building sim, is a subgenre of simulation game in which players build, expand or manage fictional communities or projects with limited resources. Strategy video games sometimes incorporate CMS aspects into their game economy, as players must manage resources while expanding their project. Pure CMS games differ from strategy games, however, in that "the player's goal is not to defeat an enemy, but to build something within the context of an ongoing process
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A dungeon crawl is a type of scenario in fantasy role-playing games in which heroes navigate a labyrinth environment (a "dungeon"), battling various monsters, avoiding traps, solving puzzles, and looting any treasure they may find. Video games and board games which predominantly feature dungeon crawl elements are considered to be a genre. Board games Dungeon crawling in board games dates to 1975 when Gary Gygax introduced Solo Dungeon Adventures
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Endless runner or infinite runner is a subgenre of platform game in which the player character runs for an infinite amount of time while avoiding obstacles. The player's objective is to reach a high score by surviving for as long as possible. The method by which the game level or environment appears to continuously spawn before the player is an example of procedural generation
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Farm life sims are a growing subgenre of life simulation games which fuse social simulation, dating sim and farm simulation elements. The games generally feature a protagonist going out to a rural setting and taking upon a farm, oftentimes because of an inheritance from a deceased relative, or because of urban boredom. The player-character grows crops and raises livestock to make money, and can interact with a wide cast of characters who are inhabitants of the town, and work toward the main plot's objective, if one exists
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First-person shooter (FPS) is a sub-genre of shooter video games centered on gun and other weapon-based combat in a first-person perspective, with the player experiencing the action through the eyes of a protagonist or antagonist which is armed, and then controlling the player character in a three-dimensional space. The genre shares common traits with other shooter games, and in turn falls under the action game genre. Since the genre's inception, advanced 3D and pseudo-3D graphics have challenged hardware development, and multiplayer gaming has been integral
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A god game is an artificial life game that casts the player in the position of controlling the game on a large scale, as an entity with divine and supernatural powers, as a great leader, or with no specified character (as in Spore), and places them in charge of a game setting containing autonomous characters to guard and influence. Definition God games are a subgenre of artificial life game, where players use supernatural powers to indirectly influence a population of simulated worshippers. It has also been categorized as a subgenre of strategy video games, though unlike other strategy video games, players are unable to tell specific units what to do
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A government simulation or political simulation is a game that attempts to simulate the government and politics of all or part of a nation. These games may include geopolitical situations (involving the formation and execution of foreign policy), the creation of domestic political policies, or the simulation of political campaigns. They differ from the genre of classical wargames due to their discouragement or abstraction of military or action elements
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Juniper EX-Series is a series of Ethernet network switches designed and manufactured by Juniper Networks. These switches run on Juniper's network operating system, JUNOS. Juniper's then CEO and present Chairman, Scott Kriens said that the product launch marked the beginning of a transcending chapter in Juniper's history, declaring, "The switch is on"
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Laplink (sometimes styled LapLink) was a proprietary piece of software developed by Mark Eppley and sold by Traveling Software. First available in 1983, LapLink was used to synchronize, copy, or move, files between two PCs, in an era before local area networks, using the parallel port and a LapLink cable or serial port and a null modem cable or USB and a USB adhoc network cable. Traveling Software is now known as LapLink Software, Inc
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TCP offload engine (TOE) is a technology used in some network interface cards (NIC) to offload processing of the entire TCP/IP stack to the network controller. It is primarily used with high-speed network interfaces, such as gigabit Ethernet and 10 Gigabit Ethernet, where processing overhead of the network stack becomes significant. TOEs are often used as a way to reduce the overhead associated with Internet Protocol (IP) storage protocols such as iSCSI and Network File System (NFS)
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LattisNet was a family of computer networking hardware and software products built and sold by SynOptics Communications (also rebranded by Western Digital) during the 1980s. Examples were the 1000, 2500 and 3000 series of LattisHub network hubs. LattisNet was the first implementation of 10 Megabits per second local area networking over unshielded twisted pair wiring in a star topology
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