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A containment building is a reinforced steel, concrete or lead structure enclosing a nuclear reactor. It is designed, in any emergency, to contain the escape of radioactive steam or gas to a maximum pressure in the range of 275 to 550 kPa (40 to 80 psi). The containment is the fourth and final barrier to radioactive release (part of a nuclear reactor's defence in depth strategy), the first being the fuel ceramic itself, the second being the metal fuel cladding tubes, the third being the reactor vessel and coolant system | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A cubby-hole, cubby-house or cubby is a small play house, or play area, for children. This may be constructed by the children themselves and used as a place of play.
Children may have a small shed, play-house or tent which they use as a cubby-house | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
An engine house is a building or other structure that holds one or more engines. It is often practical to bring engines together for common maintenance, as when train locomotives are brought together.
Types of engine houses include:
motive power depots (MPD), where locomotives are stored and maintained
Buildings that housed a steam engine on a mine | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A freeway lid (also known as a lidded freeway, freeway cap, highway cap or highway deck) is a type of deck bridge built on top of a controlled-access highway or other roadway. It is commonly used to create new parkland in urban areas, but can also be used to house buildings or other heavy structures like convention centers. In some locations, the terms stitch or cap-and-stitch are used to describe overpasses containing widened bridges that accommodate wider sidewalks or small amenity space beside the roadway above the highway | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Green building (also known as green construction or sustainable building) refers to both a structure and the application of processes that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's life-cycle: from planning to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and demolition. This requires close cooperation of the contractor, the architects, the engineers, and the client at all project stages. The Green Building practice expands and complements the classical building design concerns of economy, utility, durability, and comfort | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Honeycomb structures are natural or man-made structures that have the geometry of a honeycomb to allow the minimization of the amount of used material to reach minimal weight and minimal material cost. The geometry of honeycomb structures can vary widely but the common feature of all such structures is an array of hollow cells formed between thin vertical walls. The cells are often columnar and hexagonal in shape | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A hotel is an establishment that provides paid lodging on a short-term basis. Facilities provided inside a hotel room may range from a modest-quality mattress in a small room to large suites with bigger, higher-quality beds, a dresser, a refrigerator, and other kitchen facilities, upholstered chairs, a flat-screen television, and en-suite bathrooms. Small, lower-priced hotels may offer only the most basic guest services and facilities | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
An inflatable building is a structure constructed using two layers of membrane connected together, typically using spars made from the same material. The cavity formed between the layers is pressurized with air producing a rigid structural element which allows large span structures to be achieved. The key difference between air-supported buildings and inflatable buildings is that air-supported buildings require airlocks at all the access points to prevent air being lost when doors are opened since the entire occupied space of the building is pressurized | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A lightning splitter is an architectural design referring to wood-framed homes with sharply angled multi-story gable roof. The sharply angled gable was believed in local Rhode Island folklore to split or deflect bolts of lightning. Architectural evidence suggests that new constructions and modification of existing homes to the style were predominantly in the mid-19th century | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Miners' institutes, sometimes known as workingmen's institutes, mine workers' institutes, or miners' welfare halls are large institutional buildings that were typically built during the height of the industrial period as a meeting and educational venue. More commonly found in Britain, miners' institutes were owned by miner groups who gave a proportion of their wage into a communal fund to pay for the construction and running of the building. The institutes would normally contain a library, reading room and meeting room | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A modular building is a prefabricated building that consists of repeated sections called modules. Modularity involves constructing sections away from the building site, then delivering them to the intended site. Installation of the prefabricated sections is completed on site | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A music venue is any location used for a concert or musical performance. Music venues range in size and location, from a small coffeehouse for folk music shows, an outdoor bandshell or bandstand or a concert hall to an indoor sports stadium. Typically, different types of venues host different genres of music | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A natural building involves a range of building systems and materials that place major emphasis on sustainability. Ways of achieving sustainability through natural building focus on durability and the use of minimally processed, plentiful or renewable resources, as well as those that, while recycled or salvaged, produce healthy living environments and maintain indoor air quality. Natural building tends to rely on human labor, more than technology | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
An observation deck, observation platform, or viewing platform is an elevated sightseeing platform usually situated upon a tall architectural structure, such as a skyscraper or observation tower. Observation decks are sometimes enclosed from weather, and a few may include coin-operated telescopes for viewing distant features.
List of public observation decks
List of highest observation decks by type
Timeline of world's highest observation decks
This is a timeline of the development of world's highest observation decks since the inauguration of the Washington Monument in 1885 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A prefabricated building, informally a prefab, is a building that is manufactured and constructed using prefabrication. It consists of factory-made components or units that are transported and assembled on-site to form the complete building.
History
Buildings have been built in one place and reassembled in another throughout history | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Relocatable Buildings are partially or completely assembled buildings that are constructed in a building manufacturing facility using a modular construction process. They are designed to be reused or repurposed multiple times and transported to different locations.
Relocatable buildings can offer more flexibility and a much quicker time to occupancy than conventionally built structures | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A ropewalk is a long straight narrow lane, or a covered pathway, where long strands of material are laid before being twisted into rope. Due to the length of some ropewalks, workers may use bicycles to get from one end to the other.
Many ropewalks were in the open air, while others were covered only by roofs | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A secular building is a building for secular purposes. The term is used in fine arts and the cultural science, for example in the history of architecture, to define the secular buildings and its usage from each other, and to standardardise.
The antonym of "secular building" is the "religious building", which clerical or religious purpose is reserved | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A spite house is a building constructed or substantially modified to irritate neighbors or any party with land stakes. Because long-term occupation is not the primary purpose of these houses, they frequently sport strange and impractical structures.
Spite houses may create obstructions, such as blocking out light or blocking access to neighboring buildings, or they can be flagrant symbols of defiance | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Transitional shelter is any of a range of shelter options that help people affected by conflict or natural disasters who have lost or abandoned their housing until they can return to or recover acceptable permanent accommodation. The term refers to an incremental process rather than a product, in which a shelter can be:
upgraded into part of a permanent house;
reused for another purpose;
relocated from a temporary site to a permanent location;
resold, to generate income to aid with recovery; and
recycled for reconstruction. This relatively new terminology arose to fill a conceptual gap in traditional refugee camp disaster responses, which left populations living often for many years in decrepit emergency shelter | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A tuberculosis hut or TB hut is a small wooden building that was used, mostly in the early twentieth century, by tuberculosis patients to recover in solitude.
Introduction
By the end of the 19th century, one out of four deaths in Europe was related to tuberculosis. The disease was often associated with bad hygienical circumstances and air pollution in the cities | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
PitchYaGame or #PitchYaGame (sometimes abbreviated to PYG) is a volunteer movement hosted on the social media platform Twitter to showcase, and present awards for, independent video games from around the world.
Description
PitchYaGame is hosted on the social media platform Twitter to showcase independent video games from around the world. Video pitches are presented by developers in June and November each year, and use the hashtag #PitchYaGame to identify and reference news about the showcase and the individual pitches, and the presentation of awards | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In computing, a private message, personal message, or direct message (abbreviated as PM or DM) refers to a private communication sent or received by a user of a private communication channel on any given platform. Unlike public posts, PMs are only viewable by the participants. Though long a function present on IRCs and Internet forums, private channels for PMs have recently grown in popularity due to the increasing demand for privacy and private collaboration on social media | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Experts from many different fields have conducted research and debates and debating about the links between using digital media and mental health. Research suggests that mental health issues arising from social media use affect women more than men and vary according to the particular social media platform used. Psychological or behavioral dependence on social media platforms can result in significant negative functions in individuals' daily lives | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Radical trust is the confidence that any structured organization, such as a government, library, business, religion, or museum, has in collaboration and empowerment within online communities. Specifically, it pertains to the use of blogs, wiki and online social networking platforms by organizations to cultivate relationships with an online community that then can provide feedback and direction for the organization's interest. The organization 'trusts' and uses that input in its management | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Sentiment analysis (also known as opinion mining or emotion AI) is the use of natural language processing, text analysis, computational linguistics, and biometrics to systematically identify, extract, quantify, and study affective states and subjective information. Sentiment analysis is widely applied to voice of the customer materials such as reviews and survey responses, online and social media, and healthcare materials for applications that range from marketing to customer service to clinical medicine. With the rise of deep language models, such as RoBERTa, also more difficult data domains can be analyzed, e | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Simply Local is a decentralized community social networking and neighborhood broadcasting service developed by Simply Local, based in New Delhi. The app is used as a tool by residents to bridge the information gap and know what is happening in the locality. Simply Local creates private geo-fenced networks for people living in an area and provides social and community related services within that network | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A social bot, or also described as a social AI or social algorithm, is a software agent that communicates autonomously on social media. The messages (e. g | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Social collaboration refers to processes that help multiple people or groups interact and share information to achieve common goals. Such processes find their 'natural' environment on the Internet, where collaboration and social dissemination of information are made easier by current innovations and the proliferation of the web.
Sharing concepts on a digital collaboration environment often facilitates a "brainstorming" process, where new ideas may emerge due to the varied contributions of individuals | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Social computing is an area of computer science that is concerned with the intersection of social behavior and computational systems. It is based on creating or recreating social conventions and social contexts through the use of software and technology. Thus, blogs, email, instant messaging, social network services, wikis, social bookmarking and other instances of what is often called social software illustrate ideas from social computing | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A social employee is a worker operating within a social business model. Following an organization's social computing guidelines, social employees use social media tools both for internal workflow and collaboration purposes and for external engagement with customers, prospects and stakeholders through a combination of social media marketing, content marketing, social marketing, and social selling. Social employee programs are considered to be as much about culture and engagement as they are about business processes and best practices | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The social influence bias is an asymmetric herding effect on online social media platforms which makes users overcompensate for negative ratings but amplify positive ones. Positive social influence can accumulate and result in a rating bubble, while negative social influence is neutralized by crowd correction. This phenomenon was first described in a paper written by Lev Muchnik, Sinan Aral and Sean J | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Knowledge management is a multidisciplinary business model that seeks to explore and provide models and concepts. Knowledge management has its roots in many disciplines, such as business, economics, psychology, and information management. The goal of knowledge management is to promote the achievement of organizations' goals, competitiveness and competitive advantage through long-term processes by utilizing the intangible capital of companies and organizations (personnel, know-how, technology, customers, networks, etc | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Social media can have both positive and negative impacts on a user's identity. Psychology and Communication scholars study the relationship between social media and identity in order to understand individual behavior, psychological impact, and social patterns. Communication within political or social groups online can result in practice application of those identities or adoption of them as a whole | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Social media began in the form of generalized online communities. These online communities formed on websites like Geocities. com in 1994, Theglobe | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Researchers study Social media and suicide to find if a correlation exists between the two. Some research has shown that there may be a correlation.
Background
Suicide is one of the top leading causes of death worldwide, and as of 2020, the third leading cause of death in those aged 15–24 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Social media and television have a number of connections and interrelationships that have led to the phenomenon of Social Television, which is an emerging communication digital technology that centers around real-time interactivity involving digital media displayed on television. The main idea behind Social Television is to make television consumption a more active content experience for audiences. In the 2010s, social media platforms and websites allow for television shows to be accessed online on a range of desktop and mobile computer devices, smartphones and smart TVs that are still evolving today in the 2020s | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
This article explains the positive and negative impacts to adolescents’ exposure to social media.
Research
Positive impacts
Social media may positively affect adolescents by promoting a feeling of inclusion, providing greater access to more friends, and enhancing romantic relationships. Social media allows people to communicate with other people, no matter the distance between them | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Social media as a news source is the use of online social media platforms rather than moreover traditional media platforms to obtain news. Just as television turned a nation of people who listened to media content into watchers of media content in the 1950s to the 1980s, the emergence of social media has created a nation of media content creators. Almost half of Americans use social media as a news source, according to the Pew Research Center | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Over the years, television broadcast rights have distinguished what Olympic-related content can be accessed by fans online. By doing so, mobile-friendly social platforms began to integrate into the Olympics. Athletes and fans use these platforms to share live updates, special moments, and behind-the-scenes specials | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Social media in education is the practice of using social media platforms or technology to enhance the education of students. Social media is defined as "a group of Internet-based applications that build on the ideological and technological foundations of Web 2. 0, and that allow the creation and exchange of user-generated content" | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Social media in the fashion industry refers to the use of social media platforms by fashion designers and users to promote and participate in trends. Over the past several decades, the development of social media has increased along with its usage by consumers. The COVID-19 pandemic was a sharp turn of reliance on the virtual sphere for the industry and consumers alike | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Social media has affected the financial services sector by allowing for a global reach, improving customer service, advancing marketing strategies, and even creating new products and services offered to customers. Financial companies are able to overcome geographical obstacles and reach customers across the globe by connecting with their customers on a more personal level by using social media as a real-time platform of communication. Being an integral part of everyday life, social media and technology have also led to the development of a new industry, financial technology (fintech) | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Social media intelligence (SMI or SOCMINT) refers to the collective tools and solutions that allow organizations to analyze conversations, respond to social signals and synthesize social data points into meaningful trends and analysis, based on the user's needs. Social media intelligence allows one to utilize intelligence gathering from social media sites, using both intrusive or non-intrusive means, from open and closed social networks. This type of intelligence gathering is one element of OSINT (Open- Source Intelligence) | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Social media marketing is the use of social media platforms and websites to promote a product or service. Although the terms e-marketing and digital marketing are still dominant in academia, social media marketing is becoming more popular for both practitioners and researchers. Most social media platforms have built-in data analytics tools, enabling companies to track the progress, success, and engagement of ad campaigns | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Social media measurement, also called social media controlling, is the management practice of evaluating successful social media communications of brands, companies, or other organizations. Key performance indicators may be measured by extracting information from social media channels, such as blogs, wikis, micro-blogs such as Twitter, social networking sites, or video/photo sharing websites, forums from time to time. It is also used by companies to gauge current trends in the industry | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Social media mining is the process of obtaining big data from user-generated content on social media sites and mobile apps in order to extract actionable patterns, form conclusions about users, and act upon the information, often for the purpose of advertising to users or conducting research. The term is an analogy to the resource extraction process of mining for rare minerals. Resource extraction mining requires mining companies to shift through vast quantities of raw ore to find the precious minerals; likewise, social media mining requires human data analysts and automated software programs to shift through massive amounts of raw social media data in order to discern patterns and trends relating to social media usage, online behaviours, sharing of content, connections between individuals, online buying behaviour, and more | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A social media policy is a policy which advises representatives of an organization on their use of social media.
Various businesses have social media policies. Various health care organizations have social media policies | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Social media therapy is a form of expressive therapy. It uses the act of creating and sharing user-generated content as a way of connecting with and understanding people. Social media therapy combines different expressive therapy aspects of talk therapy, art therapy, writing therapy, and drama therapy and applies them to the web domain | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Social media use by businesses includes a range of applications. Although social media accessed via desktop computers offer a variety of opportunities for companies in a wide range of business sectors, mobile social media, which users can access when they are "on the go" via tablet computers or smartphones, benefit companies because of the location- and time-sensitive awareness of their users. Mobile social media tools can be used for marketing research, communication, sales promotions/discounts, informal employee learning/organizational development, relationship development/loyalty programs, and e-commerce | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Social media use in hiring refers to the examination by employers of job applicants' social media profiles as part of the hiring assessment. The vast majority of Fortune 500 companies use social media as a tool to screen prospective employees and as a tool for talent acquisition.
Ethical implications
This issue raises many ethical questions that some consider an employer's right and others consider discrimination | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Social media use in politics refers to the use of online social media platforms in political processes and activities. Political processes and activities include all activities that pertain to the governance of a country or area. This includes political organization, global politics, political corruption, political parties, and political values | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A social news website is a website that features user-posted stories. Such stories are ranked based on popularity, as voted on by other users of the site or by website administrators. Users typically comment online on the news posts and these comments may also be ranked in popularity | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Social recruiting (social hiring or social media recruitment) is recruiting candidates by using social platforms as talent databases or for advertising. Social recruiting uses social media profiles, blogs, and other Internet sites to find information on candidates. It also uses social media to advertise jobs either through HR vendors or through crowdsourcing where job seekers and others share job openings within their online social networks | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Social trading is a form of investing that allows investors to observe the trading behavior of their peers and expert traders. The primary objective is to follow their investment strategies using copy trading or mirror trading. Social trading requires little or no knowledge about financial markets | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In social media, a story is a function in which the user tells a narrative or provides status messages and information in the form of short, time-limited clips from several automatically running sequences. A story is usually displayed on a user's profile page and thus represents an audiovisual extension to the text-based status function.
Definition
A story is usually a short, automatic sequence of images or videos that is divided into several sequences, which is accompanied by backgrounds, music, texts, stickers, animations, effects and emojis | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Terrorism, fear, and media are interconnected. Terrorists uses the media to advertise their attacks and or messages, and the media uses terrorism events to further aid their ratings. Both promote unwarranted propaganda that instills mass amounts of public fear | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A thirst trap is a type of social media post intended to entice viewers sexually. It refers to a viewer's "thirst", a colloquialism likening sexual frustration to dehydration, implying desperation, with the afflicted individual being described as "thirsty. " The phrase entered into the lexicon in the late 1990s, but is most related to Internet slang that developed in the early 2010s | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A trust federation is part of the evolving Identity Metasystem that will bring a new layer of persistent identity and trusted data sharing to the Internet. Although the concept of trust federations is technology neutral, several protocols like SAML, OpenID, Information Card, XDI can handle the challenges of technical interoperability. The challenge of business and social interoperability requires a new type of cooperative association similar to a credit card association | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Twitter verification, currently rebranding to X, thus X verification, is a system intended to communicate the authenticity of a Twitter account. Since November 2022, Twitter users whose accounts are at least 90 days old and have a verified phone number receive verification upon subscribing to Twitter Blue or Verified Organizations; this status persists as long as the subscription remains active. When introduced in June 2009, the system provided the site's readers with a means to distinguish genuine notable account holders, such as celebrities and organizations, from impostors or parodies | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
ISIL is known for its extensive and effective use of propaganda. It uses a version of the Muslim Black Standard flag and developed an emblem which has clear symbolic meaning in the Muslim world. Videos by ISIL are commonly accompanied by nasheeds (chants), notable examples being the chant Dawlat al-Islam Qamat, which came to be viewed as an unofficial anthem of ISIL, and Salil al-sawarim | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Islamic State is a militant group and a former unrecognised proto-state. The group sophisticatedly utilizes social media as a tool for spreading its message and for international recruitment. The Islamic State is widely known for its posting of disturbing contents, such as beheading videos, on the internet | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
VidCon is an annual convention for influencers, fans executives, and online brands. The event primarily features prominent video stars from across the internet. In October 2020, VidCon Now relaunched as an ongoing, free digital offering | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Viral marketing is a business strategy that uses existing social networks to promote a product mainly on various social media platforms. Its name refers to how consumers spread information about a product with other people, much in the same way that a virus spreads from one person to another. It can be delivered by word of mouth, or enhanced by the network effects of the Internet and mobile networks | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Virtual collective consciousness (VCC) is a term rebooted and promoted by two behavioral scientists, Yousri Marzouki and Olivier Oullier in their 2012 Huffington Post article titled: “Revolutionizing Revolutions: Virtual Collective Consciousness and the Arab Spring”, after its first appearance in 1999-2000. VCC is now defined as an internal knowledge catalyzed by social media platforms and shared by a plurality of individuals driven by the spontaneity, the homogeneity, and the synchronicity of their online actions. VCC occurs when a large group of persons, brought together by a social media platform think and act with one mind and share collective emotions | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Visual networking refers to an emerging class of user applications that combine digital video and social networking capabilities. It is based upon the premise that visual literacy, "the ability to interpret, negotiate and make meaning from information presented in the form of a moving image", is a powerful force in how humans communicate, entertain and learn. The duality of visual networking—subsuming entertainment and communications, professional and personal content, video and other digital media, data networks and social networks to create immersive experiences, when, where and how the user wants it | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A web presence is a location on the World Wide Web where a person, business, or some other entity is represented (see also web property and point of presence).
Examples of a web presence for a person could be a personal website, a blog, a profile page, a wiki page, or a social media point of presence (e. g | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Weird SoundCloud, or SoundClown, is a mashup parody music scene taking place on the online distribution platform SoundCloud. The scene has been described by its producers and music journalists to be a satirical take on electronic dance music, and useless, throwaway internet content. One critic, Audra Schroeder, categorized it as an in-joke that is "deconstructing and reshaping memes and popular music, recontextualizing the sacred texts of millennial chat rooms | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In social media, a wife guy is a man whose fame is owed to the content he posts about his wife. The term has been applied more broadly to men who use their wife to upgrade their social standing or public persona.
History
The term was first coined for Internet memes about wives, notably a much-parodied "Email to my girlfriend's husband" circulating in 2016 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Since the proliferation of the internet, social media has increasingly played a direct role in modern political issues like civil rights. An example of this is the use of social media during the 2011 Wisconsin protests over public unions that occurred between February and March 2011. Both sides of Wisconsin labor debate used social media networks to galvanize support, though social media use was particularly prevalent amongst the pro-labor side | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A social networking service or SNS (sometimes called a social networking site) is a type of online social media platform which people use to build social networks or social relationships with other people who share similar personal or career content, interests, activities, backgrounds or real-life connections. Social networking services vary in format and the number of features. They can incorporate a range of new information and communication tools, operating on desktops and on laptops, on mobile devices such as tablet computers and smartphones | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The advent of social networking services has led to many issues spanning from misinformation and disinformation to privacy concerns related to public and private personal data.
Spamming
Spamming on online social networks is quite prevalent. The primary motivation for spamming is to make money, usually from some form of advertising | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Bugatti made two V-12 internal combustion piston engines. The first was a quad-turbocharged, 3. 5-liter engine, used in their EB 110 sports car, in 1991 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Menard engine was a modified Buick V6 engine designed for the newly formed Indy Racing League by John Menard, the owner of Team Menard. The engine only lasted through 1996, the IRL's only season without its own unique chassis and engine combination. Before being used in the IRL, the Menard engine was used almost exclusively in the Indianapolis 500, with its first appearance being in the 1993 race | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The BMC C-Series is a straight-6 automobile engine produced from 1954 to 1971. Unlike the Austin-designed A-Series and B-Series engines, it came from the Morris Engines drawing office in Coventry and therefore differed significantly in its layout and design from the two other designs which were closely related. This was due to the C-Series being in essence an enlarged overhead valve development of the earlier 2 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Chrysler A engine is a small-block V8 gasoline engine built by Chrysler with polyspherical combustion chambers. It was produced from 1956 until 1967, when it was replaced by the wedge-head LA engine, although the LA was in production alongside the A from 1964 - 1967. It is not related to the hemispherical-head Hemi engine of the 1950s | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Chrysler B and RB engines are a series of big-block V8 gasoline engines introduced in 1958 to replace the Chrysler FirePower (first generation Hemi) engines. The B and RB engines are often referred to as "wedge" engines because they use wedge-shaped combustion chambers; this differentiates them from Chrysler's 426 Hemi big block engines that are typically referred to as "Hemi" or "426 Hemi" due to their hemispherical shaped combustion chambers. The corporation had been seeking a smaller and lighter replacement for its FirePower engines, in part because new styling dictates meant moving the engine forward in the chassis which negatively affected weight distribution | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Chrysler flathead engine is a flathead automotive engine manufactured by the Chrysler Corporation from 1924 through the early 1960s. The flathead engine came in four-,six-, and eight-cylinder configurations and varying displacement, with both a cast iron and cast aluminum cylinder head. It was installed in Chrysler, DeSoto, Dodge and Plymouth branded vehicles | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The LA engines are a family of pushrod OHV small block 90° V-configured gasoline engines built by Chrysler Corporation. They were factory-installed in passenger vehicles, trucks and vans, commercial vehicles, marine and industrial applications from 1964 through 1991 (318) & 1992 (360). Their combustion chambers are wedge-shaped, rather than polyspherical, as in the predecessor A engine, or hemispherical in the Hemi | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The LH engine was a series of V6 engines developed by Chrysler Corporation for its LH platform cars. It is a 60-degree V6 designed for front-wheel drive applications, later adapted to rear-wheel drive ones. The 2 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Chrysler Pentastar engine family is a series of aluminium (die-cast cylinder block) dual overhead cam 24-valve gasoline V6 engines introduced for the 2011 model year in Chrysler, Dodge, and Jeep vehicles. The engine was initially named "Phoenix," but the name was changed before the official launch due to a trademark conflict; the Pentastar name is derived from the trademark of the former Chrysler Corporation, which dates back to 1963.
Production
The Pentastar engines are made in three different factories: Dundee Engine Plant, Trenton Engine Plant and Saltillo South Engine Plant | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Slant-Six is the popular name for a Chrysler inline-6 internal combustion engine with an overhead valve reverse-flow cylinder head and cylinder bank inclined at a 30-degree angle from vertical. Introduced in 1959, it was known within Chrysler as the G-engine. It was a clean-sheet design that began production in 1959 at 170 cubic inches (2 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The GPV8 is a 3. 5-litre and 3. 8-litre, naturally-aspirated V8 engine, originally designed, developed and produced by Cosworth, for the Lotus T125 open-wheel sports car | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
S-TEC or M-TEC is a low-displacement engine range co-developed by Suzuki and Daewoo Motors for use in micro and subcompact cars.
S-TEC
The first model was 0. 8 L (796 cc) SOHC straight-three engine based on the powerplant of the Suzuki Alto | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The F160 is a 60° V6 gasoline engine that displaces 2,979 cc (181. 8 cu in). It utilizes a turbocharger for each cylinder bank, twin intercoolers and direct injection | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Designed by Dante Giacosa, the Fiat 100 engine first appeared in a 633 cc (38. 6 cu in) form in the all-new Fiat 600 in 1955. The in-line four-cylinder engine comprised an iron block and an aluminium cylinder head with pushrod actuated valves | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Designed by Aurelio Lampredi, the Fiat 124 engine first appeared in the all-new Fiat 124 in April 1966. The in-line four-cylinder engine comprised an iron block with an aluminium cylinder-head with pushrod actuated valves. The belt-driven design was ahead of its time when introduced | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Designed by Aurelio Lampredi, the Fiat SOHC engine first appeared in the front-wheel drive (FWD) Fiat 128 of 1969. The in-line four-cylinder engine comprised an iron block with an aluminium cylinder-head containing a single overhead camshaft operating directly on both the inlet and exhaust valves in a reverse-flow cylinder-head configuration. The camshaft was driven by a belt rather than chain | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The FCA Global Small Engine (or GSE, marketed as FireFly) is a new family of engines produced by Fiat Chrysler Automobiles starting in 2016, and subsequently Stellantis, gradually replacing the FIRE (including MultiAir versions) and SGE (TwinAir) units. It is a modular design (thus, inline-3 and inline-4 guises share the same unitary displacement and components such as pistons and connecting rods, so are able to be produced on the same production line), with aluminum cylinder heads and blocks and 77. 0mm cylinder bore spacing for all types | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Fiat Pratola Serra modular engines (also known as family B engines for the 4 cylinder units, and family C engines for the 5 cylinder units) are a family of engines produced by the Fiat Group since 1994 and used in Fiat, Alfa Romeo, Lancia and Jeep vehicles. They are named after the Pratola Serra municipality in which they're being produced.
Story
This new engine family debuted with the Lancia Kappa, and were designed to allow the production of different units, both diesel and petrol, in various displacements and configurations while decreasing development and production costs thanks to the modular architecture | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The engine used in the Fiat S. 76 land speed record vehicle is a large-displacement, four-cylinder engine, designed and developed by Fiat, in 1910.
Overview
The S | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Fiat's TwinAir engine is a Straight-twin engine designed by Fiat Powertrain Technologies as part of its Small Gasoline Engine (SGE) family — employing Fiat’s MultiAir hydraulically actuated variable valve timing and lift technology.
Offered in a variety of FCA vehicles in turbocharged and naturally aspirated variants, the engine is noted for its reduced size, weight, fuel consumption and CO2 emissions.
In the 2011 International Engine of the Year awards, the 875 cc (53 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Ethnography Museum of Ankara is dedicated to the cultures of Turkic civilizations. The building was designed by architect Arif Hikmet Koyunoğlu and was built between 1925 and 1928. The museum temporarily hosted the sarcophagus of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk from 1938 to 1953, during the period of the construction of Anıtkabir, his final resting place | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In traditional Persian architecture, a dome is referred to as a gonbad (Persian: گنبد).
A gonbad is often double layered, and can have many shapes, such as semi-spherical, partial spherical, onion shaped, paraboloid, polygonal conical, and circular conical. For centuries, interiors were made to simulate the celestial dome, reminding the Muslim of Man's place in the cosmos compared to God and creation | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Old Simferopol, known locally as the Old Town (Crimean Tatar: Eski şeer, Ukrainian: Старе місто), is an area of the city of Simferopol which until the end of the 18th century served as the centre of the city of Aqmescit. The old town consists of narrow, short streets constructed in a traditional Turkic style. In the 19th century it was also referred to by travellers as the "Asian town" because of the contrast with Simferopol's other regular, European-style neighbourhoods | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The vernacular architecture of the Carpathians draws on environmental and cultural sources to create unique designs.
Vernacular architecture refers to non-professional, folk architecture, including that of the peasants. In the Carpathian Mountains and the surrounding foothills, wood and clay are the primary traditional building materials | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A windcatcher, wind tower, or wind scoop (Arabic: ملقف, Persian: بادگیر) is a traditional architectural element used to create cross ventilation and passive cooling in buildings. Windcatchers come in various designs, depending on whether local prevailing winds are unidirectional, bidirectional, or multidirectional, on how they change with altitude, on the daily temperature cycle, on humidity, and on how much dust needs to be removed. Despite the name, windcatchers can also function without wind | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Architects' Journal is an architectural magazine published in London by Metropolis International.
History
The first edition was produced in 1895. Originally named The Builder's Journal and Architectural Record, from 1906 to 1910 it was known as The Builder's Journal and Architectural Engineer, and it then became The Architects and Builder's Journal from 1911 until 1919, at which point it was given its current name | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Architectural Review is a monthly international architectural magazine. It has been published in London since 1896. Its articles cover the built environment – which includes landscape, building design, interior design and urbanism – as well as theory of these subjects | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Architecture for Everyone is a UK-wide initiative designed to enable young people aged 16–25 to use their talents for design and enthusiasm for their community in a range of creative ways related to architecture and urban design.
The initiative is a partnership between the Stephen Lawrence Charitable Trust and international architects RMJM. The project seeks to break down barriers to accessing a career in architecture, urban design, the built environment and related professions, particularly for those from Black, minority ethnic and socially excluded groups | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
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