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2022-01-01 | FinFETs are significant and at front runner among integrated circuits (ICs) because of their significant scalability and reduced impact of short channel effects (SCEs). The present paper provides a study on the device structure and traits of device, namely silicon on insulator (SOI-FinFET). On optimizing the Fin aspect... | Performance Investigation of Short Channel Impacts and Analog/RF Figure of Merits (FOMs) of SOI-FinFET | 10.1007/978-981-16-8721-1_44 |
2022-01-01 | Measurement studies using particle into liquid sampler coupled with an ion chromatograph (PILS-IC), aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS), or aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM) show a large fraction of organics and sulfate in fine particles in summer over the western and eastern Mediterranean. Different formation pat... | Secondary Aerosol Formation and Their Modeling | 10.1007/978-3-030-82385-6_10 |
2022-01-01 | This paper presents a low-voltage low-power fully differential bulk-driven operational transconductance amplifier (OTA). The input core of this OTA is based on the double recycling structure where input PMOS are bulk-driven. The flipped-voltage-follower adaptive biased input differential pairs operating in class AB mod... | Ultra Low Power Fully Differential Double Recycling Current Mirror OTA for Biomedical Applications | 10.1007/978-981-19-2631-0_42 |
2022-01-01 | As one of the feasible technologies suitable for industrial boilers and kilns to reduce pollutant emissions to ultra low emission standards, combined removal technology of multi-pollutant is attracting more attention in recent years. As a combined removal technology of multi-pollutant, a low temperature flue gas deep p... | Experimental Research on NOx Emission Characteristics Based on Combined Removal Technology of Multi-pollutant with Ash Calcium Recycling | 10.1007/978-981-16-1657-0_62 |
2022-01-01 | Exposure to particulate matter (PM) pollution poses a major risk to the environment and human health. Monitoring PM pollution is thus crucial to understand particle distribution and mitigation. There has been rapid development of low-cost PM sensors and advancement in the field of Internet of Things (IoT) that has led ... | Evaluation of Crowd-Sourced PM2.5 Measurements from Low-Cost Sensors for Air Quality Mapping in Stuttgart City | 10.1007/978-3-030-92096-8_14 |
2022-01-01 | In recent years, due to the improvement of people’s living environment requirements and the aggravation of building energy consumption, passive house, as a new exploration of energy-saving building development, has been widely concerned by the construction industry at home and abroad. Through the research of prefabrica... | Energy Saving Design of Passive House with Ultra Low Energy Consumption | 10.1007/978-981-16-8052-6_200 |
2022-01-01 | With the advantages of large reserves and easy access, low-grade bauxite Low-grade bauxite was an important proportion of aluminum resources. However, low-grade bauxite Low-grade bauxite was difficult to meet the grade requirements of the Bayer process, and it was necessary for low-grade bauxite Low-grade bauxite to be... | Effect of Thermal Activation on Phase Transformation and Pre-desiliconization of Low-Grade Bauxite | 10.1007/978-3-030-92529-1_9 |
2022-01-01 | Abstract We consider the possibility of diagnosing and predicting the reliability of semiconductor products both by the parameters of their eigen low-frequency (LF) noise and by the combined testing parameters, e.g., by the measured LF noise during electrostatic discharge and (or) thermal annealing and describe practic... | Testing Semiconductor Products Using Low-Frequency Noise Parameters | 10.1134/S1061830922010028 |
2022-01-01 | Following the state of the art presented within Chap. 6 , this chapter wants to lay the groundwork for further research stages, focusing on the actual performance of technologies investigated. To allow side-by-side comparison avoiding unbiased performance information, a lot of data coming from different producers, abou... | Smart Windows Technologies | 10.1007/978-3-030-77606-0_7 |
2022-01-01 | Magnetorelaxometry (MRX) of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with optically pumped atomic magnetometers (OPMs) demands very specific and not commonly attainable performance characteristics of the sensors. While calling for ultimate magnetometric sensitivity, magnetorelaxometry relies on the capability of the sensor to det... | Unshielded High-Bandwidth Magnetorelaxometry of Magnetic Nanoparticles with Optically Pumped Magnetometers | 10.1007/978-3-031-05363-4_13 |
2022-01-01 | Nowadays, the vertiginous development of wireless communications systems entails an exponential increase in the necessities of a digital society. Internet of Things (IoT) concept has played a key role in the delivery of remote control and monitoring of applications to the final user, which include but are not limited t... | Simulation and Implementation of an Environmental Monitoring System Based on LPWAN/IoT | 10.1007/978-3-031-18082-8_16 |
2022-01-01 | The growing demand for disposable gloves, especially from the healthcare industry amidst the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic and rising awareness about Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs). One of the ways to produce disposable gloves is using cast LDPE film machine. The quality of the products depends on material resin u... | Optimising Casting Film Parameters for LPDE Material Assessment | 10.1007/978-981-19-2890-1_7 |
2022-01-01 | Bacterial community dynamics and copper leaching with applied forced aeration were investigated during low-grade copper sulphide bioleaching to obtain better bioleaching efficiency. Results illustrated that appropriate aeration improved bacterial concentrations and leaching efficiencies. The highest bacterial concentra... | Effects of forced aeration on community dynamics of free and attached bacteria in copper sulphide ore bioleaching | 10.1007/s12613-020-2125-x |
2022-01-01 | To meet current emission regulations and increasingly demanding global fleet CO 2 standards on fuel economy and future trends towards life cycle GHG emissions, advanced combustion engines remain significant in the passenger vehicle sector to achieve high efficiency and low emissions over the full operating range. Lean ... | Technology Enablers for Advanced Gasoline Compression Ignition Engines | 10.1007/978-981-16-8735-8_2 |
2022-01-01 | Radar is a kind of radio detection equipment, which can measure the distance, direction, speed and other state parameters of the target by transmitting electromagnetic wave and receiving the echo generated by electromagnetic wave on the object. | Digital T/R Module SiP Design Case | 10.1007/978-981-19-0083-9_25 |
2022-01-01 | We survey some recent accumulated body of works on hyperfine-mediated transport in a confined one-dimensional channel, realized typically by electrostatic gating. Our review begins with how the spin-polarized edge current can be used as a means to dynamically generate and detect an ensemble of nuclear spins in the chan... | Hyperfine-Mediated Transport in a One-Dimensional Channel | 10.1007/978-981-19-1201-6_12 |
2022-01-01 | Climate change is one of the major trends that have been affecting cooperative banks in recent times. The cooperative banking sector has a central role to play in providing the finance needed to catalyse the low-carbon transition and accomplish existing climate change-related targets. The aim of this chapter is to esta... | How Do Cooperative Banks Consider Climate Risk and Climate Change? | 10.1007/978-3-030-98194-5_9 |
2022-01-01 | The low permeability reservoir in Jiangsu Oilfield accounts for 45% of the geological reserves. The recovery rate of water flooding development is low, and it has a certain reserve base. The conventional oil displacement agent has the problems of poor injectability and high investment cost, and it can not form a large-... | Development and Application of Active Microemulsion for Oil Displacement in Low Permeability Reservoir | 10.1007/978-981-19-2149-0_62 |
2022-01-01 | Ever increasing the demand of petroleum diesel, environmental degradation, fuel-hike and depleting petroleum stashes encourage the study of alternate fuel to diesel engines. Several low-cost and accessible bio-resources and agro-industrial waste are available for alternate liquid fuel production including the biodiesel... | Biodiesel and Its Environmental Impact and Sustainability | 10.1007/978-3-030-95542-7_15 |
2022-01-01 | Vaccines Vaccines consisting of whole inactivated bacteria (bacterins) are generated by incubation of the pathogen with chemicals. This is a time-consuming procedure which may lead to less immunogenic material, as critical antigenic structures can be altered by chemical modification. A promising alternative approach is... | Low-Energy Electron Irradiation (LEEI) for the Generation of Inactivated Bacterial Vaccines | 10.1007/978-1-0716-1900-1_7 |
2022-01-01 | A FinFET-based 8-bit low-power arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) with full-swing 9-transistor GDI-hybrid full adder has been presented in this research paper. An intelligent signal gating-aware energy-efficient ALU is proposed using this adder and signal gating circuit. An adaptive signal gating is applied according to t... | Intelligent Signal Gating-Aware Energy-Efficient 8-Bit FinFET Arithmetic and Logic Unit | 10.1007/s00034-021-01775-w |
2022-01-01 | The influence mechanism of the localized corrosion initiation and expansion of the pearlite structure and the grain boundaries of low-alloy weathering steel S500AW was studied. The structure of the material was studied by means of metallographic microscope, XRD, SEM, TEM and EBSD spectrum. The surface potential between... | Microstructure and Grain Boundary Corrosion Mechanism of Pearlitic Material | 10.1007/s11665-021-06171-8 |
2022-01-01 | Finite element analysis enables better understanding of damage behaviour of FRP composite laminate. Because the FRP composite laminate is highly anisotropic and heterogeneous, thus the damage mechanism associated becomes highly complex. In this chapter, the numerical analysis of FRP composite laminate under low velocit... | Numerical Analysis of Low Velocity Impact and Compression After Impact on Fibre Reinforced Composite Laminates | 10.1007/978-981-16-9439-4_9 |
2022-01-01 | Nowadays, the usage of concrete in civil engineering is remarkably increased, and the resources required for concrete-like cement, which was emitting about two-third of polluting gases like CO 2 and other greenhouse gases. Concrete panels and reinforcement are used to support the backfill construction of the retaining ... | Effective Stabilization of the Retaining Wall with Inclusion of Geo-Cell: A Review and Critique of Research | 10.1007/978-981-19-4364-5_74 |
2022-01-01 | Power management is a very vast topic and the solution spans around hardware and software approaches. The power efficiency of IoT low-power devices becomes an important component of modern communication environments since it is very costly or impossible to replace or change device batteries in deployed environments. En... | Investigations on Power-Aware Solutions in Low Power Sensor Networks | 10.1007/978-981-16-5529-6_69 |
2022-01-01 | The chapter presents a numerical study of the parameters of a heated region created in the D region of the ionosphere (~35–100 km) by radio waves from powerful high-frequency facilities (for example, HAARP). In order to understand the role of the most important processes in this study, a number of assumptions were made... | Numerical Study of the Perturbed Region Produced by a Heating Facility in the Lower Ionosphere | 10.1007/978-981-16-8926-0_15 |
2022-01-01 | Cyclodextrins (CDs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are emerging absorbent materials for the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In this study, we have used combination of modified CDs and levulinic acid to form four DESs analogs, referred to as supramolecular low-melting mixtures (LMMs), to study their abs... | Cyclodextrin-based supramolecular low melting mixtures: efficient absorbents for volatile organic compounds abatement | 10.1007/s11356-021-16279-y |
2022-01-01 | Research in the IC Engines domain is directed towards novel combustion technologies to improve engine efficiency and reduce harmful pollutants. Technologies are also being developed to adopt alternative, cleaner fuels that meet stricter emission norms globally and reduce dependence on conventional fuels. This book cove... | Introduction to Advanced Combustion for Sustainable Transport | 10.1007/978-981-16-8418-0_1 |
2022-01-01 | DNA analysis is a vital tool in forensic sciences – particularly criminal science – since the introduction of PCR at the beginning of the 1990s. However, many challenges remain that must be solved, such as inhibition of the reaction, DNA degradation, low copy number (LCN) DNA, and DNA contamination. The aim of this cha... | Challenges in the DNA Analysis of Compromised Samples | 10.1007/978-981-16-4318-7_51 |
2022-01-01 | Induced mutations have been used to facilitate plant breeding for more than 80 years. Success requires the development of a mutant population and methods to evaluate that population. In this protocol we provide methods for the development of a chickpea mutant population using gamma irradiation, and low-cost methods for... | Generation of Mutant Plants by Gamma Ray Exposure and Development of Low-Cost TILLING Population in Chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.) | 10.1007/978-1-0716-2253-7_12 |
2022-01-01 | Low back pain, a painful condition that affects the lower portion of human spine, generally appears due to muscle injury, strain, or sprain. The reasons for lower back pain are inappropriate lifting of weight, bad posture, fractured disc, or disc rupture. Doctors advise several exercises depending upon the patient cond... | Design and Development of a Multivariant Exercise Machine (MEM) for the Patients Suffering from Spine-Related Problems | 10.1007/978-981-16-2900-6_6 |
2022-01-01 | The aim of this experimental work is to explore the effect of a thermal barrier coating (TBC) on an Annona biodiesel-fueled diesel engine, where NiCrAl was a bond coat in which the cylinder head, piston crown, and valves were coated with a plasma spray process consisting of two layers. Furthermore, the mixing of Al 2 O... | Experimental Investigation on Performance and Emission Characteristics of Low Heat Rejection Engine Operating on Biodiesel | 10.1007/978-981-16-2794-1_84 |
2022-01-01 | The chapter summarizeds the results of research of the destruction of an ice block with ogival, conical and blunt penetrators at low velocity (<325 m/s). Perforation duration, level of ice damage, diameter of crater into ice block, time of formation foci of destruction and crack path were examined. Time dependencies of... | Numerical Simulation of Deep Penetration Low Velocity Projectiles into Ice Block | 10.1007/978-3-030-97634-7_4 |
2022-01-01 | Dry lubricant Nickel-MoS 2 composites were developed through brush plating by dispersion MoS 2 particles in the electrolyte. The good distribution of lubricant MoS 2 particles in the nickel matrix was confirmed by surface and cross-section analysis. The co-deposited MoS 2 can be up to 35 vol % in the coating with 45 g/... | Development of Dry Lubricant Nickel-MoS2 Composite Through Brush Plating | 10.1007/978-981-16-5763-4_31 |
2022-01-01 | Most of the propulsion engines use Low-Emissions rich-quench lean combustors LEC except recently introduced GEnx (2009) and LEAP-X (2016) based on the application of a second-generation lean dome combustion technology TAPS demonstration (2003). These two technologies are targeted for replacing pre-LEC rich domes or the... | Low Emissions Propulsion Engine Characterization Process | 10.1007/978-981-16-2648-7_2 |
2022-01-01 | In this chapter, we will describe the detection of gravitational waves with space-based interferometric gravitational wave observatories. We will provide an overview of the key technologies underlying their operation, illustrated using the specific example of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). We will then ... | Space-Based Gravitational WaveObservatories | 10.1007/978-981-16-4306-4_3 |
2022-01-01 | The SP with LNCZ is a large surface area thermal storage device. Heat energy stored for a long time at a lower temperature range can be used for various applications. Using more copper tubes for a large HE area is much expensive and its welding cost also increases expenditure. The demerit is copper gets corroded very e... | Experimental Analysis on a Designed and Fabricated Cost Effective Solar Pond Model | 10.1007/978-981-16-4489-4_2 |
2022-01-01 | Seeking a potential of low carbon-based energy use for additive manufacturing, we present a preliminary experimental test using open source IoT tools on FDM (Fused Deposit Modelling) type of 3D printing. In our test we determine and categorize the electricity consumption of processes of a commercial grade FDM printer u... | Experiment to Scope Low Carbon Electricity Based Additive Manufacturing with IoT | 10.1007/978-3-031-20936-9_33 |
2022-01-01 | A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped (0.3–0.5 × 1.0–1.9 µm), non-motile marine bacterium designated as ALE3EI T was isolated from a saline volcanic rock aquifer (lava sea-water) on Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain ALE3EI T showed high similarity to ‘ Altibac... | Constantimarinum furrinae gen. nov., sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from saline volcanic rock aquifer (lava seawater) at Jeju Island, Republic of Korea | 10.1007/s12275-022-1468-6 |
2022-01-01 | In recent military warfare, lower extremities (LE) accounted for 70% of the total combat fractures [ 1 , 2 ]. Despite orthopedic blast injuries on the lower extremities being the most prevalent, there is a dearth of human cadaver studies investigating the relevant injury mechanism. To the best of the authors’ knowledge... | Failure Analysis of Human Lower Extremity During Lateral Blast: A Computational Study | 10.1007/978-981-16-4138-1_24 |
2022-01-01 | Our environment is being subjected to drastic changes over the past couple of years. The increasing population in urban areas and their demands in basic resources like quality of food, air, water, and hygiene surroundings are challenging. In urban cities like Pune, these requirements of human are not yet fully organize... | Feasibility Assessment of Low-Cost Filter to Adopt in Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting (RWH) | 10.1007/978-3-031-04707-7_23 |
2022-01-01 | Heavy metals (HMs) accumulate in milieu due to various human activities that persist leading to biomagnification in food chains and cause unpleasant effects on human health and environment. Pollutants such as organic matter and HMs are remediated traditionally by chemical precipitation, electrochemical treatment, adsor... | Bioremediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Sites Using Phytogenic Nanoparticles | 10.1007/978-981-19-4811-4_11 |
2022-01-01 | Oxygen is a good activator for the rapid preparation of the powdered activated coke (PAC) in the low oxygen atmosphere, and the oxygen-coal equivalent ratio is an important parameter in the preparation process. In order to obtain the optimal range of oxygen-coal equivalent ratio, it was adjusted by changing the amount ... | The Effect of Oxygen-Coal Equivalent Ratio on the Rapid Preparation of Powdered Activated Coke in Low Oxygen Atmosphere | 10.1007/978-981-16-1657-0_53 |
2022-01-01 | Capacitive and resistive electric transfer (TECAR) modes of therapy use radiant energy to generate endogenous heat and are used for musculoskeletal disorders for their analgesic, decontracting, and elasticizing properties. While the capacitive mode is supposed to interact with soft tissues, the resistive mode interacts... | Capacitive and Resistive Electric Transfer Therapy: A Comparison of Operating Methods in Non-specific Chronic Low Back Pain | 10.1007/5584_2021_692 |
2022-01-01 | All anatomic pathology terminology systems include one category to communicate that the patient has little, if any, risk of significant disease. Cytologic terminology systems conform to that convention, although identifying cellular criteria that fit into that category, can be challenging. The primary goal of The Paris... | Negative for High-Grade Urothelial Carcinoma (NHGUC) | 10.1007/978-3-030-88686-8_3 |
2022-01-01 | Diagnosing and treating annulogenic, discogenic low back pain is still challenging. Although various intradiscal and extradiscal minimally invasive interventions have been introduced, neither procedure alone seems sufficient for success because each has limitations and risks. Transforaminal epiduroscopic laser annulopl... | Transforaminal Discoplasty with Endoscopy | 10.1007/978-981-16-9547-6_9 |
2022-01-01 | Low-flow hydrology shifts can change streamflow criteria such as dissolved oxygen content, nutrient concentration, and terrestrial and aquatic qualities, as well as different water and wastewater functions, including water allocation, power plant generation, navigation, and waste load allocation. Climate changes play a... | Analysis of Low-Flow Indices in the Era of Climate Change: An Application of CanESM2 Model | 10.1007/978-3-031-15501-7_4 |
2022-01-01 | The ultimate goal of a “smart city” is improving the quality of life of citizens, optimizing city functions and promote economic growth, through the use of technologies and data analysis. Attention should be placed in how the technology is used rather than on how much technology is available. The “smartness” of a city ... | Low-cost Real-time IoT-Based Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting | 10.1007/978-3-031-06371-8_20 |
2022-01-01 | Surface modifications and surface treatments have a significant impact on the service life of so many critical parts of various materials being used in industrial applications. As a result, significant attention has been given to post-machining processes because traditional machining operations such as turning and mill... | Preliminary Investigations of Low Plasticity Burnishing Process on Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Alloy | 10.1007/978-981-16-7787-8_64 |
2022-01-01 | Indoor and outdoor air quality monitoring is essential for the prevention of undesired exposure to air pollutants, especially for sensitive groups. Extensive exposure to particulate and gaseous pollutants can cause temporary and chronic respiratory and other diseases and even lead to premature death. The emergence of l... | An IoT Integrated Air Quality Monitoring Device Based on Microcomputer Technology and Leading Industry Low-Cost Sensor Solutions | 10.1007/978-3-031-15101-9_9 |
2022-01-01 | World is fighting one of its greatest battle against COVID-19 (a highly infectious disease), leading to death of hundreds of thousands of people around the world, with severe patients requiring artificial breathing. To overcome the shortage of ventilators in medical infrastructure, various low-cost, easy to assemble, p... | Recent advances in low-cost, portable automated resuscitator systems to fight COVID-19 | 10.1007/s12553-021-00629-4 |
2022-01-01 | Over the past few years, studies have been carried out on cement less geopolymer concrete due to its substantial reduction in carbon footprint. Limited literature is available about impact resistance of geopolymer reinforced concrete. This study focuses on low and high-velocity impact simulations on reinforced concrete... | Finite Element Analysis of Impact Load on Reinforced Concrete | 10.1007/978-981-16-7160-9_26 |
2022-01-01 | In recent years, people’s concept of energy conservation and environmental protection is becoming stronger and stronger. Therefore, in the face of the above problems, we should pay more attention to the green and healthy development of the construction industry. In the context of the new era, new materials, technologie... | The Application of New Energy in Architectural Design Under the Influence of Green Low-carbon Concept | 10.2991/978-2-494069-31-2_2 |
2022-01-01 | Fiber-optic sensors have several advantages, more important of which include the immunity to electromagnetic disturbances, little weight and possibility to be included into the structure being measured. The most perspective are the sensors based on the Bragg fiber gratings. Bragg fiber gratings have several advantages,... | Application of Apodized Fiber Bragg Gratings in Information Security Systems | 10.1007/978-3-030-87383-7_49 |
2022-01-01 | Traditional urbanism of Jaipur was designed with concept derived from ancient Indian texts on architecture and planning principles that were specific for geographical context. The traditional urbanism of Jaipur embedded the traditional lifestyles; space syntax and traditional praxis that responded to climate. The clima... | Climate Responsive Traditional Urbanism of Jaipur | 10.1007/978-981-19-4089-7_7 |
2022-01-01 | Combustion Combustion involves the burning of a fuel with oxygen or a gas containing oxygen such as atmospheric air. A chemical reaction equation relates the components before and after the chemical process takes place. | Combustion | 10.1007/978-3-030-89216-6_7 |
2022-01-01 | Ovarian cancer (OVCA) is frequently detected at late stages of disease, often with dissemination throughout the peritoneal cavity surface, abdomen, and ascites fluid. Tumor signaling via mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways can promote OVCA progression and depend on loca... | Confocal Imaging of Single-Cell Signaling in Orthotopic Models of Ovarian Cancer | 10.1007/978-1-0716-1956-8_19 |
2022-01-01 | The behavior of steel in low-cycle fatigue (LCF) is tested experimentally, in accordance with ISO 12106:2017 (E) and/or ASTM E 606-04. For this purpose, smooth specimens which are exposed to low-cycle fatigue at several levels of regulated strains and/or loads at room, elevated or reduced temperatures are used. Stress–... | Determination of LCF Plastic and Elastic Strain Components of Steel | 10.1007/978-3-030-88465-9_32 |
2022-01-01 | Policies and management plans in the Danube River basin were first developed and applied at its entire scale in the second part of the twentieth century and were exclusively based on the principles of neoclassical economy. These principles were translated in a high number of economic and social objectives, some of whic... | A Transdisciplinary Approach Using Danube River Multi-connectivity in Wetland Management | 10.1007/978-3-031-03865-5_14 |
2022-01-01 | In this chapter, we explore in detail the synoptic conditions associated to the floods occurred on the Lower Danube River (from the entrance of the river in Romania through the Iron Gates gorge to the Danube Delta), as well as to the highest discharges recorded at Ceatal Izmail hydrometric station, before the entrance ... | Synoptic Conditions Associated with Floods and Highest Discharges on Lower Danube River (1980–2010) | 10.1007/978-3-031-03865-5_11 |
2022-01-01 | Until recently, automated central control of building-wide systems was found only in larger commercial buildings and expensive homes. Typically involving only lighting, heating, and cooling systems, building automation rarely provided more than basic control, monitoring, and scheduling functions and was accessible only... | Home Automation: A Novel Approach | 10.1007/978-981-16-2911-2_49 |
2022-01-01 | This chapter presents the metallurgical of various metal joining processes like adhesive joining, brazing, soldering and braze welding, fusion, resistance and solid state joining processes. Relation between metal strengthening mechanism and metal joint properties has been explained. | Welding Metallurgy | 10.1007/978-981-16-4819-9_20 |
2022-01-01 | SDGs shows value which no one denies, and private companies can contribute to SDGs. Some of 17 goals are easy for companies to work on, while others have limitations for corporate activities. The goal which private sector is most actively contributing through Voluntary Initiatives is Climate Change (SDG 13). Voluntary ... | Beyond Voluntary Initiative – SDGs by Business Sector and SDGs for Business Sector | 10.1007/978-981-16-6734-3_17 |
2022-01-01 | An overview of the field of plant tissue culture is presented in this chapter, which includes a general history, successive developments, and key contributions by several leading scientists. The development of cell and tissue culture of plant organs has contributed to promoting research in several areas of plant biotec... | General Information: Some Aspects of Plant Tissue Culture | 10.1007/978-981-16-6498-4_1 |
2022-01-01 | Sustainable procurement has attracted a great deal of attention of leaders, policymakers, and practitioners. The strategic use of public procurement for achieving diverse environmental and social objectives has seen a dramatic rise around the world and its practices are continuously evolving to address emerging situati... | Evolving Role of Sustainable Procurement in Coming Decades | 10.1007/978-3-031-08258-0_7 |
2022-01-01 | Conventional in vitro mass propagation methods are labour-intensive, costly and have a low degree of automation. Bioreactor or automated growth vessel systems using liquid media were developed to overcome these problems. The use of liquid instead of solid culture medium for plant micropropagation offers better access t... | Protocol for Mass Propagation of Plants Using a Low-Cost Bioreactor | 10.1007/978-3-662-64915-2_11 |
2022-01-01 | The global vehicle population is increasing, resulting in increased fuel demand. Diesel engines are highly efficient, but there are environmental concerns about their emissions. However, diesel engines are the main prime movers for heavy-duty transport globally. Global demand for diesel and jet fuel is expected to incr... | Review of Life Cycle Analysis Studies of Less Processed Fuel for Gasoline Compression Ignition Engines | 10.1007/978-981-16-8735-8_9 |
2022-01-01 | Opposed-piston (OP) engines were used in many applications in the 1930s–1960s, largely because their high thermal efficiency was important in applications that valued long-range, like aviation, marine vessels, and military vehicles. The engine architecture largely fell into disuse when modern emissions standards began ... | Opposed-Piston Engine Potential: Low CO2 and Criteria Emissions | 10.1007/978-981-16-8717-4_4 |
2022-01-01 | In this chapter, we discuss signal conditioning circuits for wearable sensor applications. Specifically, signal conditioning circuit for resistive, capacitive, and impedance sensors will be covered. We briefly discuss the underlying challenges and trade-offs associated with the accuracy, effect of noise, power consumpt... | Low-Noise CMOS Signal Conditioning Circuits | 10.1007/978-3-030-98538-7_3 |
2022-01-01 | Four oil samples were collected from oilfields in the western Siberian Basin, and analyzed using conventional geochemical and physical methods. The results of this study were used to evaluate the oil samples, focusing on the characteristics of their source rocks, including the origin of organic matter input; redox depo... | The origins of paraffinic oils collected from oilfields in the western Siberian Basin, Russia: implications from geochemical and physical characteristics | 10.1007/s13202-021-01325-9 |
2022-01-01 | Welding is a process of joining two similar and non-similar metals or non-metals with the application of heat and pressure. Depth level of penetration is a key in fillet welded joints because the penetration gives the effects on the strength of the welded joint. The present work investigates the influence of the metal ... | Effect of Welding Parameters on Bead Dimension Using MIG Welding of EN 10025 Carbon Steel | 10.1007/978-3-031-01488-8_10 |
2022-01-01 | Nowadays, consumer prefers product and services from companies which adhere the principle of sustainability and operation with Sustainable Commitments. The main objective of this study is the reduction of GHG emission by the use of Renewable Energy and Energy Efficient processes and equipment. Detailed assessment of an... | An Assessment of GHG Emission Reduction by Using Renewable Energy and Energy Efficient Processes | 10.1007/978-3-030-96554-9_26 |
2022-01-01 | An interim prosthesis is proposed to be used by amputees living in rural environment in situations where the amputee is in between prescribed prosthesis by an endorsed organization. The design and development of using the Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) pipe as socket, bamboo to replace the common aluminum pylon and hand-craf... | Design and Testing of an Interim Transtibial Prosthetic Leg for Amputees Living in Rural Areas: A Case Study | 10.1007/978-3-030-90724-2_30 |
2022-01-01 | Human activities are responsible for vast environmental impacts, including carbon emissions contributing to climate change. The urban environment is a main source of many of these impacts, and accordingly, the European Union has launched the “100 climate-neutral cites” mission to operationalize a carbon-free urban futu... | Supporting the EU Mission “100 Climate-Neutral Cities by 2030”: A Review of Tools to Support Decision-Making for the Built Environment at District or City Scale | 10.1007/978-3-031-10542-5_11 |
2022-01-01 | Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML)-based decision-making is proliferating to application spaces with dynamic and evolving inputs such as Internet of things (IoTs). The need for real-time decision-making in such applications requires the edge devices in IoT networks to possess in situ intelligence pr... | Architectures for Self-Powered Edge Intelligence | 10.1007/978-981-15-6401-7_9-1 |
2022-01-01 | To improve the performance of power batteries for all climate application, a novel online model-based resistance algorithm (OMRA) has been developed to obtain the impedance of batteries at different temperatures and current amplitudes. The Butler-Volmer (BV) equation has been proposed to describe the electrochemical re... | An Online Impedance Algorithm for All-Climate Batteries Used on Electric Vehicle | 10.1007/978-981-16-5429-9_22 |
2022-01-01 | This paper presents a design of an ultralow-poweroperational transconductance amplifier (OTA) intended for biomedical application and realized in a 0.18 µm CMOS technology. The proposed OTA take advantages of bulk-drive (OTA) scheme to reduce power consumption . The OTA uses a single 0.8 v supply and dissipates 5.5 pw ... | Design and Implementation of Ultra Low Power Operational Trans-conductance Amplifier (OTA) for Biomedical Applications | 10.1007/978-981-16-4435-1_47 |
2022-01-01 | A methods is proposed for modeling the stress-deformed state of low-plastic material surface layer, using the example of SCH20 cast iron, processed by deforming broaching. From the standpoint of the plasticity resource exhaustion, the analysis of the surface layer was carried out, which made it possible to establish th... | Studying the Mechanics of Low-Plastic Materials Surface Layer Processed by Deforming Broaching | 10.1007/978-3-031-05230-9_15 |
2022-01-01 | Aim of this study is to develop a calibration procedure through Machine Learning to upgrade the low-cost air quality sensor performance and investigate the generalization of this function over a specific area towards air quality data fusion. | Data Fusion for the Improvement of Low-Cost Air Quality Sensors | 10.1007/978-3-031-12786-1_24 |
2022-01-01 | Nowadays, nobody can deny that advanced technology is widespread in almost every aspect of our daily lives. Our main objective in this research is to provide a tool that is complementary to the work of rescuers in the face of a natural disaster that minimizes the risks of loss of life during the SAR (Search And Rescue)... | Rescue Robot Against Risks in Natural Disasters Using Arduino | 10.1007/978-3-031-06862-1_30 |
2022-01-01 | After decades of mostly rhetoric on climate change, robust and urgent actions must be taken to avoid its worst effects. However, the energy transition discourse reflects an anti-humanitarian philosophy that will undermine any serious efforts of achieving decarbonisation, as well as merely entrenching already-existing g... | The Humanitarian Atom: The Role of Nuclear Power in Addressing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals | 10.1007/978-94-6265-495-2_13 |
2022-01-01 | Samples subjected to low cycle fatigue (LCF) under relatively high stress, fail at a low number of cycles. Below 10 5 cycles low cycle fatigue prevails. Thermal cycles induce low cycle fatigue in material and stresses arise from the difference in the thermal expansion coefficients and repeated shut down and reopen of t... | Stress Cycles | 10.1007/978-3-030-86118-6_3 |
2022-01-01 | Abstract Devices for direct measurement of the plasma potential and floating potential in the gas discharge in a reactive ion–plasma etching system are presented. The action of the devices developed for this purpose is based on the creation of a local magnetic field that makes it possible to purposefully change the con... | Direct Measurement of Potentials in the Reactive Ion–Plasma Etching System | 10.1134/S1063780X22010019 |
2022-01-01 | Generally, the implementation of intelligent controllers based on fuzzy logic is done by using blocks from the Matlab/Simulink fuzzy logic library. Indeed, the use of these blocks makes the implementation of the algorithm in real-time very difficult and requires a powerful microcontroller. In this paper, we propose low... | An Effective Low Cost Implementation of Adaptive Fuzzy Logic Based Indirect MPPT Method Using ARDUINO DUE Board | 10.1007/978-3-030-92038-8_29 |
2022-01-01 | Glycosaminoglycans like heparin and heparan sulfate exhibit a high degree of structural microheterogeneity. This structural heterogeneity results from the biosynthetic process that produces these linear polysaccharides in cells and tissues. Heparin and heparan sulfate play critical roles in normal physiology and pathop... | Mass Spectrometric Methods for the Analysis of Heparin and Heparan Sulfate | 10.1007/978-1-0716-1398-6_19 |
2022-01-01 | Design patterns as introduced by Christopher Alexander and colleagues are proposed in this paper as a means of guiding building designers through the often complex processes of low-carbon building design. The patterns are intended to be integrated into the Building Information Modelling (BIM) environments that are incr... | Design Patterns for Low-Carbon Buildings: A Proposal | 10.1007/978-981-16-6269-0_21 |
2022-01-01 | To improve oil production rate, surfactant polymer (SP) injection technique has attracted more and more attention comparing to alkaline surfactant polymer (ASP) injection. This is because of the problems encountered in ASP like demulsification difficulty and the scale formation with the addition of alkali. In SP floodi... | Low Concentration Surfactant and Polymer Formulations for SP Injection at HTHS Condition | 10.1007/978-981-16-9427-1_52 |
2022-01-01 | Airborne particulates are of particular significance for their human health impacts and their roles in both atmospheric radiative transfer and atmospheric chemistry. Observations of airborne particulates are typically made by environment agencies using rather expensive instruments. Due to the expense of the instruments... | Advancement in Airborne Particulate Estimation Using Machine Learning | 10.1007/978-3-030-71377-5_13 |
2022-01-01 | In order to resolve the critical problems such as unclear internal mechanism of different miscible displacement effects and unclear understanding of the dynamic change of miscible type between actual injection and production wells in CO 2 flooding, the dynamic change rules of miscible range and its influence on oil dis... | Study on the Dynamic Variation of Miscible Range During CO2 Flooding and Its Influence on Displacement Efficiency in Ultra-low Permeability Reservoirs | 10.1007/978-981-19-2149-0_352 |
2022-01-01 | Climate change is the most urgent environmental crisis we are facing today and the fact that it threatens the survival of communities that are affected by natural disasters, as well as the prosperity of their businesses means that it also raises social and economic concerns. Several international agreements and program... | Transition Toward a Low-Carbon Economy: The Contribution of Italian Listed Utilities | 10.1007/978-3-030-94036-2_6 |
2022-01-01 | Using the well-known equation for a “thin layer” of fluid flow with truly viscous rheological properties, the continuity equation, as well as the equation defining the profile of the molten profile of the pilot taking into account the expression for the mechanical energy dissipation rate, an asymptotic solution is prop... | Mathematical Model of a Lubricant in a Bearing with a Fusible Coating on the Pilot and Irregular Slider Profile | 10.1007/978-3-030-85233-7_97 |
2022-01-01 | The development of blisk structure has made the low cycle fatigue (LCF) life test more expensive for the critical components. This paper aims at design several simulating specimen to simulate the working condition and stress distribution of a high-loaded fan blisk. The finite element analysis was performed to confirm t... | Design Simulation of the Low Fatigue Life of a Fan Blisk Using the Simulating Specimen Approach | 10.1007/978-981-16-7423-5_53 |
2022-01-01 | This work discusses the design of 1310/1550 nm fully integrated optical receivers in bulk CMOS, suitable for single-mode fiber communication. The key enabler for detection of these sub-band gap wavelengths is internal photoemission in Schottky photodiodes. With standard bulk CMOS processes not conceived for these type ... | Optical Communication in CMOS—Bringing New Opportunities to an Established Platform | 10.1007/978-3-030-91741-8_17 |
2022-01-01 | This study focuses on the effects of continuous volumetric discharge of sinusoidal plasma actuator at 20 kHz coupled directly with methane-air premixed flame in the near field of the injector exit. A plasma actuator composed of a needle-type electrode placed at the center of the nozzle, connected with high-voltage, whi... | Enhancement of Blowout Limits in Lifted Swirled Flames in Methane-Air Combustor by the Use of Sinusoidally Driven Plasma Discharges | 10.1007/978-3-030-90727-3_5 |
2022-01-01 | This chapter reports on the creation of a massive parallel corpus—towards the development of a Hausa (Afroasiatic)-to-English machine translation (MT) system. We discuss the progress so far made in MT and the rapid evolution of commercial MT systems. We found that none of these systems has satisfactorily addressed MT r... | Towards Massive Parallel Corpus Creation for Hausa-to-English Machine Translation | 10.1007/978-981-19-2932-8_36 |
2022-01-01 | Low carbon fuels seem to be a preferable class of fuels for Internal Combustion Engines (ICEs). It is the simple understanding that if input fuel has low carbon content in its constituents, tailpipe emissions will have lower carbonaceous emissions. Also, low carbon fuels can be produced using renewable resources, and t... | Introduction of Potential and Challenges of Low Carbon Fuels for Sustainable Transport | 10.1007/978-981-16-8414-2_1 |
2022-01-01 | Production, exploitation and discharge of a wide variety of organic dyes by different industrial houses have thrown a critical challenge to maintain the effluent quality. Industrial reluctance in third world countries made significant deterioration of ground and fresh water quality and overall environment. Though diffe... | Photo (Catalytic) Oxidation Processes for the Removal of Dye: Focusing on TiO2 Performance | 10.1007/978-981-19-0987-0_5 |
2022-01-01 | This chapter will explain the benefits of kangaroo mother care (KMC) for all preterm and low birth weight (LBW) neonates. It will highlight the importance of KMC especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Additionally, this chapter will provide a broad overview of KMC and basic instructions as well as exam... | Kangaroo Mother Care in a Low-Resource Setting | 10.1007/978-3-030-99955-1_9 |
2022-01-01 | Yam ( Dioscorea spp.) is an important crop providing food, income and medicine in tropics and subtropics. Major yam species in West Africa such as D. alata and D. rotundata are subject to several biotic and abiotic stresses throughout the cropping cycle and post-harvest periods, resulting in substantial tuber yield and... | Breeding for Abiotic Stress Resistance in Yam (Dioscorea Spp.) Using Biotechnology Approaches: Present Practices and Prospects | 10.1007/978-3-031-05706-9_11 |
2022-01-01 | We propose Masked Siamese Networks (MSN), a self-supervised learning framework for learning image representations. Our approach matches the representation of an image view containing randomly masked patches to the representation of the original unmasked image. This self-supervised pre-training strategy is particularly ... | Masked Siamese Networks for Label-Efficient Learning | 10.1007/978-3-031-19821-2_26 |
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