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2022-01-01 | This paper presents a low-power voltage-controlled ring oscillator (VCO) designed using TSMC 0.18 μm CMOS technology. A resistive-capacitive tuning method is adopted to achieve a variable frequency in the proposed VCO design. The results show that the proposed VCO oscillates from 0.593 to 1.557 GHz by changing drain/so... | An Improved CMOS Ring VCO Design with Resistive-Capacitive Tuning Method | 10.1007/978-981-16-5747-4_4 |
2022-01-01 | Rapid advancements in affordable, miniaturised air pollution sensor technologies offer the potential to capture the high variability of personal exposure to air pollution during daily life with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution. However, concerns remain regarding the suitability of these novel technologies ... | Sensor Networks with Edge Intelligence for Reliable Air Quality Monitoring in the Covid-19 Era | 10.1007/978-3-031-14054-9_36 |
2022-01-01 | The soil is a mixture of mineral and organic particles of various sizes, water and the air. The proportion of these soil components determine the physical makeup and other properties of the soil. The mineral matter constitutes of three primary soil particles based on their equivalent spherical diameter (esd), sand (2–0... | The Soil That We Attempt To Classify | 10.1007/978-3-030-95297-6_2 |
2022-01-01 | The use of acoustic emission (AE) for damage assessment and detection technique in structural engineering is widely used and has earned a reputation as one of the reliable non-destructive techniques. AE source is produced based on the elastic wave propagation through the specimen which converted into the electrical AE ... | Unsupervised Classification of Acoustic Emission Signal to Discriminate Composite Failure at Low Frequency | 10.1007/978-981-16-2183-3_75 |
2022-01-01 | Aluminum is an important base metal that is widely used in various industries owing to its excellent properties, such as light weight (2.7 g cm −3 ), high specific strength, and high corrosion resistance. However, the extraction and smelting process of aluminum from aluminum ore is extremely energy-intensive, such that... | Recycling Aluminum Casting Alloy Scrap Using Molten Salt Electrolysis | 10.1007/978-3-030-92529-1_136 |
2022-01-01 | Low salinity waterflooding (LSW) is an emerging enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technology where the salinity of the injection water is reduced/controlled to improve oil recovery by reservoir rock wettability alteration. Earlier studies have shown that tertiary oil recovery associated with low salinity water injection is v... | Experimental Analysis of Low Salinity Waterflooding in Tertiary Recovery Mode in Geleki Oil Field of Upper Assam Basin, India | 10.1007/978-3-030-73026-0_95 |
2022-01-01 | Practice and theoretical research have proved that CO 2 flooding is not only the most realistic path of greenhouse gas resource utilization and emission reduction, but also one of the most effective technologies to enhance oil recovery in tight sandstone reservoirs. Gas channeling is the key to restrict the effect of g... | Research on Gas Channeling Identification Technology for CO2 Flooding in Ultra-low Permeability Reservoirs | 10.1007/978-981-19-2149-0_246 |
2022-01-01 | Surfactant flooding is one of the effective development methods for low permeability reservoirs, but the loss of surfactant due to reservoir adsorption has a great economic impact on EOR of surfactant flooding. Two kinds of surfactant flooding systems were developed according to the reservoir conditions in block S of C... | Sacrifice Selection and Adsorption Competition Mechanism of Surfactant Flooding System | 10.1007/978-981-19-2149-0_408 |
2022-01-01 | Existing neural networks for computer vision tasks are vulnerable to adversarial attacks: adding imperceptible perturbations to the input images can fool these models into making a false prediction on an image that was correctly predicted without the perturbation. Various defense methods have proposed image-to-image ma... | All You Need Is RAW: Defending Against Adversarial Attacks with Camera Image Pipelines | 10.1007/978-3-031-19800-7_19 |
2022-01-01 | In practice, it is possible to combine an acoustic extinguishing of flames with their detection using artificial intelligence, which is the main aim of this article. This paper presents the possibility of using DNN (Deep Neural Network) in an autonomous acoustic extinguisher for flame detection. It is a developed robot... | The Artificial Intelligence Platform with the Use of DNN to Detect Flames: A Case of Acoustic Extinguisher | 10.1007/978-3-030-93247-3_3 |
2022-01-01 | Remote sensing is important for obtaining information associated with the earth’s resources and its environment. The tracking of LEO satellites is increasing rapidly. At ground station, on a daily basis, we track multiple remote sensing satellites in different modes of tracking, and we acquire data from them. This pape... | Evaluation of Antenna Control System for Tracking Remote Sensing Satellites | 10.1007/978-981-16-7088-6_49 |
2022-01-01 | Design must challenge prevailing, traditional methods for engaging with place that is often static, linear and didactic. In this chapter, the use of latent and inherently mutable features of low-density landscapes will be endorsed to unlock regenerative futures through design. Elements in landscapes are continually sus... | Lake District 2.0: Mutability and Low-Density Landscapes in an Accelerated Culture | 10.1007/978-3-030-97023-9_4 |
2022-01-01 | Low molecular weight (LMW) cationic polymers show safety profile and biocompatibility, but are hindered of limited efficacy in gene delivery. This protocol describes a zinc(II) coordinative strategy to transform common LMW cationic polymers to highly efficient and safe gene vehicles. LMW cationic polymers exhibit lower... | Bioreducible Zinc (II)-Coordinative Polyethylenimine with Low Molecular Weight for Robust Gene Delivery of Primary and Stem Cells | 10.1007/978-981-16-5419-0_20 |
2022-01-01 | The bioluminescent assay in real time (BART) is a molecular diagnostic tool for the detection of nucleic acid amplification by recording light output. The key component for BART is a thermostable luciferase derived from the firefly Photinus pyralis . Coupling BART detection with the isothermal amplification method loop... | Optimized Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) Allows Single Copy Detection Using Bioluminescent Assay in Real Time (BART) | 10.1007/978-1-0716-2453-1_8 |
2022-01-01 | The increased availability of atmospheric measurements and machine learning techniques allows any data scientist to make his own air quality model and the most common application in this domain is the short-term prediction of pollution levels at monitoring sites, by means of regression techniques, including neural netw... | An Evaluation of Data-Driven Models | 10.1007/978-3-031-12786-1_25 |
2022-01-01 | In this study, low-velocity impact on fiber metal laminate (FML) plate with nanoclay reinforcement particles has been investigated. Rectangular FML specimens have been made by hand lay-up method using two 2024 aluminum sheets and 4 layers of basalt fibers. The ultrasonic device is used for nanoclay in samples, and the ... | Investigation of the Effect of Nanoclay on Composite Plates Under Low-Speed Impact Using Artificial Neural Networks | 10.1007/978-981-19-2948-9_32 |
2022-01-01 | Static Random-Access Memory (SRAM) is the most significant building block of embedded Systems and microprocessor. Traditional 6T cell used as a data storage element in the SRAM cell but is suffered from low stability, low process tolerance and high-power consumption issue. Technology is continuously scaling down into t... | Read–Write Decoupled Single-Ended 9T SRAM Cell for Low Power Embedded Applications | 10.1007/978-981-16-3728-5_4 |
2022-01-01 | Intrinsic brain activity, that is, neural processes unrelated to immediate sensory and motor functions, has been known to exist for nearly a century. However, the physiological functions of this activity remain poorly understood. Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI) has emerged as a major techn... | Intrinsic Brain Activity and Resting State Networks | 10.1007/978-3-030-88832-9_133 |
2022-01-01 | In the designing of an SRAM cell, the bit line plays an important role in the power optimization of the complete circuit. The critical parameters of a memory cell such as power dissipation in different modes of operation read, write, hold, and associated delays with them. Power Delay Product (PDP) and Static Noise Marg... | Power Optimized 7 T SRAM Cell with Single Bit Line Using FinFET Technology | 10.1007/978-981-19-2631-0_49 |
2022-01-01 | A ring voltage controlled oscillator (RVCO) is one of the most significant electronic devices in the various fields of a wireless communication system, having excellent stability and controllability. This paper reports RVCOs of different topology such as NMOS active-load (AL) (VCO-I), PMOS AL (VCO-II), and CMOS AL (VCO... | A Low Power 3-Stage Ring Voltage Controlled Oscillator with Wide Tuning Range and Active Load | 10.1007/978-981-16-2761-3_59 |
2022-01-01 | Multiple access, in a mobile environment, implies two-way communication between a base station and multiple surrounding mobile units. Multi-carrier implies communication via a plurality of radio-frequency carriers, normally referred to as subcarriers. In this chapter we explore multi-carrier-based multiple-access techn... | Multi-Carrier-Based Multiple-Access Techniques | 10.1007/978-3-030-89209-8_7 |
2022-01-01 | T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are a subset of specialized CD4 + T cell residing in B cell follicles and confer essential support for germinal center responses, which lead to the generation of long-lived humoral immunity. A great deal of evidence from the past 15 years indicate that excessive differentiation and dysre... | Therapeutic Modulation of T Follicular Helper Cells by Low-Dose IL-2 Treatment | 10.1007/978-1-0716-1736-6_21 |
2022-01-01 | This chapter will cover key topics within Physical Optics in contrast with Geometric Optics discussed thus far in Section I. First, a brief introduction regarding alternative theories of light used outside of Geometric Optics will be presented, emphasizing wave theory and particle theories of light. Next, a discussion ... | Physical Optics and Advanced Optical Principles | 10.1007/978-3-030-95251-8_14 |
2022-01-01 | The reactor coolant pump (i.e., the ‘main pump’) is critical equipment in the pressurized water reactor nuclear power plants. The speed of the main pump is an important indicator to identify the operating status of the primary loop of nuclear power plants. Therefore, the reliability of the related speed measuring syste... | Troubleshooting of Frequent False Alarms on Low-Low Speed of the Main Pump in Nuclear Power Plants | 10.1007/978-981-19-1181-1_15 |
2022-01-01 | Energy resolving, single photon counting detectors sensitive to light in the ultraviolet to near-infrared wavelength range are useful in a variety of different fields. In bio-analysis research, there is demand for detectors that can measure fast, low-light biological processes with energy sensitivity (Niwa et al., Sci ... | Introduction and Motivation | 10.1007/978-3-031-17956-3_1 |
2022-01-01 | The overall prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) based on objective data has been evaluated in several epidemiological studies and is in the range of 3–10%, which increases to 10–20% in people over the age of 70 years. The prevalence of asymptomatic PAD of the lower extremity can only be estimated using noni... | Overview of Peripheral Arterial Disease of the Lower Extremity | 10.1007/978-3-030-60626-8_21 |
2022-01-01 | This chapter summaries results of numerical simulations only. The results obtained using computer code Impact 2D. We obtained computed values of deep penetration of low-velocity penetrator into ice block, and compared with experimental results. We made numerical simulation of full-scale experimental from previous chapt... | Numerical Modeling of Ice Fracture Subjected to Shock and Explosive Loads | 10.1007/978-3-030-97634-7_3 |
2022-01-01 | The purpose of the R&D is the technology for welding high-manganese steel 110G13L in manufacturing and repairing large castings of dredging equipment. This steel in the quenched state has an austenitic structure and high plastic properties and a tendency to harden in the working area. Therefore, it is used to make larg... | Welding Technology in the Manufacture, Repair, and Restoration of Large Castings Made of High-Manganese Steel | 10.1007/978-3-030-85233-7_93 |
2022-01-01 | Because of growing interest in deploying newer very low head (VLH) turbine technology to generate electricity in rivers, there is a need to assess how fish fare in interactions with VLH turbines. We assessed injury and mortality rates from experimental VLH turbine entrainment of fish species local to the study site at ... | Extent of injury and mortality arising from entrainment of fish through a Very Low Head hydropower turbine in central Ontario, Canada | 10.1007/s10750-020-04376-x |
2022-01-01 | Thangy dara (34° 38 to 35° 52´ N and 71° 45 to 71° 59´ E) is a rural area in District Dir, lower Pakistan, with a population of 878 (434 male and 444 females). The area includes Sino-Japanese floral elements. Average altitude is 2316.48 m asl, with 117 mm average rainfall, a rural area, highly using indigenous plant ba... | Floristic Inventory of Ethnobotanically Important Plants of Thangy Dara District Dir Lower Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan | 10.1007/978-3-030-73943-0_24 |
2022-01-01 | We consider a classical problem in optimal design which involves a finite number of electric or thermic materials defined by their corresponding diffusion matrices. It consists in obtaining a matrix function in a bounded open set $$\varOmega \subset \mathbb R^N$$ Ω ⊂ R N by placing in each point one of the materials in... | The Relaxed Formulation of an Optimal Design Problem via Homogenization Theory | 10.1007/978-3-030-98191-4_2 |
2022-01-01 | Electric submersible plunger pump is a new rodless lifting technology proposed for unconventional oil reservoirs. Platform directional wells and highly deviated wells. It has a broad application prospect. The study of its fault diagnosis method is helpful to improve the reliability of the process. Carry out research on... | Research on Fault Diagnosis Method of Electric Submersible Plunger Pump Lifting Technology | 10.1007/978-981-19-2149-0_506 |
2022-01-01 | Due to the limited effects of conventional antibiotics on the increasing emergence of drug-resistant bacteria and fungi, novel antimicrobial agents were urgently needed to alleviate this phenomenon. Nowadays, antimicrobial peptides are believed to be a promising candidate for a new generation of antimicrobial drugs. An... | The effects of incorporation of the counterparts and mimics of l-lysine on the antimicrobial activity, hemolytic activity, cytotoxicity and tryptic stability of antimicrobial peptide polybia-MPII | 10.1007/s00726-021-03099-0 |
2022-01-01 | The fatigue crack growth kinetics were studied under regular and irregular cyclic loading with different asymmetry ratios, as well as spectral loading typical for the operation of various structural objects, in the middle section of the fatigue crack growth diagram on C (T) type specimens cut from low-alloy steel used ... | Fatigue Crack Growth Estimation in Low-Alloy Steel Under Random Loading in Middle Section of Fatigue Diagram | 10.1007/978-3-030-85233-7_81 |
2022-01-01 | The purpose of the study is to develop a method and device for intensifying the process of coagulation and precipitation in the treatment of low-turbidity waters using reagent-free technologies, to identify the effectiveness of their use and to determine the optimal technological parameters for this process. The resear... | Development of Method and Device to Improve the Efficiency of Natural and Wastewater Treatment | 10.1007/978-3-030-91145-4_50 |
2022-01-01 | It is common for state-of-the-art research to demand higher granularity data to effectively model the atmospheric composition and personal exposure to air pollution. With the advent of Low-Cost Sensors (LCS) technology, the potential of increased spatiotemporal monitoring resolution arises, however, low cost comes with... | Distribution Guided Neural Disaggregation of PM10 and O3 Hourly Concentrations from Daily Statistics and Low-Cost Sensors | 10.1007/978-3-031-08337-2_16 |
2022-01-01 | The energy sector, which is crucial for the Arctic economies and communities, has entered into a major transformation phase reflecting world market trends. The ongoing low-carbon transition is largely spurred by the global warming, international climate policies (notably the 2015 Paris Agreement), a rapid progress of r... | Arctic Energy Sector Under Low-Carbon Transition | 10.1007/978-981-16-9250-5_13-1 |
2022-01-01 | The association of quality of life and air quality are intrinsic to the factors of analysis of the development of urban spaces and their sustainable assessment. Inserted in urban expansion and population growth, factors such as air pollution are commonly related to the understanding of the dynamics of the city and ther... | A New Approach for Air Quality Monitoring: A Case Study of Recife, Brazil | 10.1007/978-3-031-20316-9_4 |
2022-01-01 | Apical-to-basal transcytosis by endothelial cells can be visualized and quantified using total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy of the basal membrane. Past techniques to study transcytosis including electron microscopy and transwells have several limitations such as confounding from paracellular leaka... | Quantifying Endothelial Transcytosis with Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy (TIRF) | 10.1007/978-1-0716-2051-9_7 |
2022-01-01 | The integration of green technology in urban development has become an imperative measure towards effective implementation of low carbon city policy. Therefore, this study aims to identify the strengths-weaknesses-opportunities-threats (SWOT) of green technologies adoption in low carbon city development. Responses from... | SWOT Analysis of Green Technology Application for the Development of Low Carbon Cities | 10.1007/978-981-16-6383-3_13 |
2022-01-01 | Gamma-ray telescopes in space are bombarded by large fluxes of charged particles, photons, and secondary neutrons. These particles and radiation pose a threat to the nominal operation of satellites and limit the detection sensitivity of gamma-ray instruments. The background noise generated in gamma-ray space detectors ... | Orbits and Background of Gamma-Ray Space Instruments | 10.1007/978-981-16-4544-0_47-1 |
2022-01-01 | Diseases of the arterial and venous vessels and, as well, all stages of the CEAP classification are detected by duplex ultrasound, photopletismography, and ankle index measurement. Chronic wounds are divided into venous (the most common type), arterial, and mixed ulcers. In addition to vascular ulcers, chronic wounds m... | Diseases of the Veins and Arteries (Leg Ulcers), Chronic Wounds, and their Treatment | 10.1007/978-3-319-53808-2_66 |
2022-01-01 | Background Severe low back pain (LBP) is an occasional complaint in patients with neuromuscular disorders (NMDs). Accurate diagnosis and treatment are required to manage LBP; however, the precise pathophysiology differs for each patient. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of lumbar facet joint denervation (FJD) ... | Multimodal treatment including lumbar facet joint denervation for severe low back pain in patients with neuromuscular disorders | 10.1007/s10072-021-05298-9 |
2022-01-01 | The cooperative response to global climate change has become a broad consensus of the international community. As an important participant and active practitioner in this field, China has proactively put forward the goal of “achieving carbon peaking by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060”. The realization of carbon peak... | Analysis on the Path to Promote Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality from the Consumer Side | 10.1007/978-3-031-10385-8_39 |
2022-01-01 | The intent of this chapter is to introduce the concept of chiropractic as a specialized care that utilizes the belief that a vertebra, when misaligned, can cause nerve interference leading to disease or dysfunction. It delineates the subjective symptoms that are caused by subluxations of the spine and its contiguous st... | Chiropractic: An Integrative Approach to the Evaluation and Treatment of Elite Athletes Utilizing Spinal Manipulation | 10.1007/978-3-030-88227-3_7 |
2022-01-01 | Crenobalneotherapy is a treatment commonly used in Europe and Middle East. It uses mineral water sometimes combined with different hydrotherapy techniques. Most patients treated in spa centers suffer from low back pain. The purpose of this work is to identify clinical trials on crenobalneotherapy for low back pain. Pub... | Crenobalneotherapy for low back pain: systematic review of clinical trials | 10.1007/s00484-021-02188-9 |
2022-01-01 | Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is the gold standard in bioanalysis for the development of quantitative assays to support drug development or therapeutic drug monitoring. High-throughput and low-cost gene sequencing have enabled a paradigm shift from one treatment fits all to personalized med... | Mass spectrometry based high-throughput bioanalysis of low molecular weight compounds: are we ready to support personalized medicine? | 10.1007/s00216-021-03583-2 |
2022-01-01 | Abstract A low-pressure (ν ≪ ω) capacitive high-frequency discharge with large-area electrodes when it is excited by an electromagnetic field with a frequency from 13 to 900 MHz is considered. General analytical formulas are obtained for the amplitudes of natural waves and the impedance of the discharge. It is taken in... | On the Impedance of the High-Frequency Capacitive Discharge at Different Excitation Methods | 10.1134/S1063780X22010044 |
2022-01-01 | Designing A highly-reliable modular joint system for low speed and large inertia space manipulators has been one of the grand challenges in robotics research. It is too difficult for the conventional joints for satisfy the requirements of aerospace applications. To address this challenge, this paper details the hardwar... | A Highly-Reliable Modular Joint Design for Space Robots | 10.1007/978-981-16-6328-4_32 |
2022-01-01 | Recently, new low-cost multispectral sensors have been commercialized, paving the way for a large number of new agricultural applications (fertilization, grass cover, etc.), particularly for small farms. However, such sensors have never been tested for agricultural applications taking into account practical constraints... | The AS7265x Chipset as an Alternative Low-Cost Multispectral Sensor for Agriculture Applications Based on NDVI | 10.1007/978-981-19-4884-8_21 |
2022-01-01 | Self-supervised (SS) learning has achieved remarkable success in learning strong representation for in-domain few-shot and semi-supervised tasks. However, when transferring such representations to downstream tasks with domain shifts, the performance degrades compared to its supervised counterpart, especially at the few... | DnA: Improving Few-Shot Transfer Learning with Low-Rank Decomposition and Alignment | 10.1007/978-3-031-20044-1_14 |
2022-01-01 | Rainfed rice cultivation in lowland ecosystems of coastal Karnataka is largely dominated by the traditional varieties. They are characterized by tall plant types prone to lodging, poor responsive to fertilizer inputs and generally low yielding. Yearly, more than 500 ha area is being affected by flood, because of incess... | Sahyadri Panchamukhi: A Red Rice Variety Identified for Lowland Situation of Coastal Karnataka | 10.1007/978-3-030-95618-9_7 |
2022-01-01 | The acquisition conditions for low-dose and high-dose CT images are usually different, so that the shifts in the CT numbers often occur. Accordingly, unsupervised deep learning-based approaches, which learn the target image distribution, often introduce CT number distortions and result in detrimental effects in diagnos... | Patch-Wise Deep Metric Learning for Unsupervised Low-Dose CT Denoising | 10.1007/978-3-031-16446-0_60 |
2022-01-01 | The integration of technologies under the underwater internet of things (UIoT) paradigm allows the interconnectivity of sensors, smartphones, cameras, animals, people, plants, etc., in aquatic environments, promoting accessible communication and the generation of information on topics of interest such as the conservati... | Architecture of a Network of Low-Frequency Smart Sensors for IoT Applications in Marine Environments | 10.1007/978-3-031-19682-9_68 |
2022-01-01 | Online safety seems to have big concern for everyone today, particularly women. Latest WHO survey shows that 38% of women worldwide experience some form of harassment and physical violence. Victim numbers are growing slowly. We’re implementing a program here that ensures security for women. The tool is easy to carry, a... | A Machine Learning Approach to Design and Develop a BEACON Device for Women’s Safety | 10.1007/978-3-030-90119-6_9 |
2022-01-01 | This paper describes the development of a 180 nm standard cell library designed for building power efficient digital circuits. Creating an Integrated Circuit (IC) can be very time consuming if high flexibility or low power is demanded. This paper will try to solve this problem by creating own standard cell libraries, w... | Design of Low Power Sequential Circuits Using GDI Cells | 10.1007/978-981-16-6723-7_54 |
2022-01-01 | In this chapter, the geology and development of the Shaanxi 224 gas reservoir is introduced. The target horizon of the reservoir is the Ma5 1 3 dolomite formation and lithologic trap of the Ordovician Majiagou formation. The cap rock is a set of mudstone and silty mudstone, and the floor is argillaceous dolomite and do... | Shaan224 Reservoir Geology and Development | 10.1007/978-981-33-4734-2_7 |
2022-01-01 | The ever increasing demand for higher data rates and minimum latency has resulted in a widespread growth of optical fiber communication over the last decade. Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) technique is one of the most important techniques used to establish a long-distance link with higher data rate trans... | Simulation and Analysis of an 8 Channel CWDM Optical Network Suitable for Smart City Applications | 10.1007/978-981-19-2277-0_20 |
2022-01-01 | Human changes on the Danube River have transformed it into a heavily engineered river, severely threatening its ecological status. The status and management strategies vary significantly between regions of the Danube River Basin. Citizen science approach can be the bridge in harmonizing water management practices acros... | Citizen Science for the Danube River—Knowledge Transfer, Challenges and Perspectives | 10.1007/978-3-031-03865-5_18 |
2022-01-01 | The benefits of steep- Subthreshold Swing (SS) devices, though plentiful at the device-level, have yet to be fully exploited at the circuit-level. This is evident from a look at the Three-Independent-Gate Field-Effect Transistor (TIGFET), a device renowned for its ability for polarity reconfiguration. At the same time,... | A First Approach in Using Super-Steep-Subthreshold-Slope Field-Effect Transistors in Ultra-Low Power Analog Design | 10.1007/978-3-031-16818-5_10 |
2022-01-01 | Landscaping museum external spaces in a museum meaningful as well as environmentally sustainable way has been central in modern museums’ missions and philosophies. Relevant processes involve decision making based upon cultural, environmental and managerial factors. Realizing the specific needs of an area based upon env... | Decision-Making Processes in Landscaping the Garden of the Museum at the Lowest Place on Earth, Dead Sea, Safi, Jordan | 10.1007/978-3-030-74482-3_37 |
2022-01-01 | An overview of ultrafine particles (UFP) and their sources in the Mediterranean basin is presented based on historical and new measurements in the framework of ChArMEx (the Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment). UFP and meteorological variables were measured from an ultralight aircraft focusing on particles in th... | Ultrafine Particle Emissions in the Mediterranean | 10.1007/978-3-030-82385-6_6 |
2022-01-01 | Significant part of the Danube River function relates to the crucial connections with its tributaries. This is linked to the water resources, organic and inorganic substances, and biological elements provision. Such interaction is absolutely natural and impact on the current state of the Danube River. Thus, of great im... | Hydro-Environmental Specifics of the Lower Danube Bulgarian Tributaries | 10.1007/978-3-031-03865-5_4 |
2022-01-01 | In this paper, a new technique is proposed to increase the resolution of ADC by adding an external peripheral circuit. The peripheral circuit gives high resolution without much affecting the sampling rate, complexity, and power dissipation of the overall system. It increases the resolution by M-bits using $$2^M$$ 2 M r... | A Novel Method to Improve the Resolution of FLASH ADC for High-Resolution and High-Speed Applications | 10.1007/978-981-19-1111-8_56 |
2022-01-01 | The paper presents a numerical investigation on the clocking effect in a three-stage axial low pressure turbine. Equal pitch configuration was applied to reduce computation cost. The flow field was solved by commercial unsteady CFD solver. The performance for different clocking configurations is compared; the result in... | Clocking of Stators and Rotors in a Three-Stage Axial Turbine | 10.1007/978-981-16-7423-5_23 |
2022-01-01 | Classic preclinical investigations on the mechanisms and effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) are typically performed in two-dimensional cell cultures that have some, albeit limited, relevance to cancer biology. Bioengineered three-dimensional (3D) culture models of cancer are gaining traction in translational oncolog... | Microtumor Models as a Preclinical Investigational Platform for Photodynamic Therapy | 10.1007/978-1-0716-2099-1_3 |
2022-01-01 | Digital solutions have the potential to drastically transform manufacturing operations, but smaller manufacturing businesses (SMEs) have been reluctant to adopt digital solutions due to perceived investment and upskilling costs. The Digital Manufacturing on a Shoestring project was thus established to facilitate the pr... | A Graphical Environment to Support the Development of Affordable Digital Manufacturing Solutions | 10.1007/978-3-030-99108-1_19 |
2022-01-01 | This chapter presents a comprehensive performance comparison between power converter ICs in GaN and silicon. Beginning with a comparison table of state-of-the-art monolithic high-voltage converter ICs the chapter investigates several different aspects. The GaN IC of this work shows the smallest die size with integrated... | Performance Comparison of Monolithic GaN and Silicon Converters | 10.1007/978-3-031-15625-0_5 |
2022-01-01 | In the study, an asymptotic self-similar solution is found for the zero (without considering the melting) and first (considering the melting) approximation based on the equation describing the flow of a liquid lubricant and a molten coating in the running clearance of wedge-shaped sliding support with micropolar proper... | Micropolar Lubricants in a Bearing with a Low-Melting Base Ring Coating and a Porous Slider Surface Coating | 10.1007/978-3-030-85233-7_98 |
2022-01-01 | Investigations on fatigue fracture of steel components for automobile applications have conducted for many decades to ensure the performance at a high level in its service life. In this paper, failure analysis and optimization design for fatigue fracture of low carbon steel bracket fixing oil inlet pipe to automotive e... | Fatigue Fracture and Optimization Design of Low Carbon Steel Bracket for Automotive Engine Application | 10.1007/978-981-16-2090-4_65 |
2022-01-01 | In this paper, the shrinkage behavior of silty clay soil widely found in Warangal is characterized under free evaporation condition over a wide range of suction. As a part of the research evaluation, a comprehensive laboratory test program was framed and conducted on the samples collected from Warangal. Slurries of soi... | Evaluating Soil Shrinkage Behavior Using Digital Image Analysis Process | 10.1007/978-981-16-3383-6_7 |
2022-01-01 | Vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) has emerged in recent years as a technically feasible and medically complex treatment to replace large segments of the upper limbs, face, abdominal wall, and penis. Lower limb transplantation has only been reported in one case, described herein. A 22-year-old male patien... | Lower Limb Transplantation | 10.1007/978-3-030-23706-6_103 |
2022-01-01 | Lung microbiome data analysis presents unique challenges compared to other tissues, including lower bacterial biomass and higher likelihood of contamination, both from experimental sources and from the upper respiratory tract. Combined with the general high dimensionality and compositionality of microbiome data, there ... | The Rest Is Noise: Finding Signals in Lung Microbiome Data Analysis | 10.1007/978-3-030-87104-8_3 |
2022-01-01 | The main objective of this work is the study of the effects of high tides and low tides on fishing effort, catches as well as profits in a bioeconomic model of populations of Sardina pilchardus , Engraulis encrasicolus and Xiphias gladius in Moroccan areas. To achieve this objective, we studied the stability of the equ... | The Tide Effects on Bioeconomic Model of Sardina pilchardus, Engraulis encrasicolus and Xiphias gladius in Atlantic Moroccan Zone | 10.1007/s41748-021-00227-4 |
2022-01-01 | Time-based operations are crucial in embedded applications. They can be used to execute specific commands in dedicated time instants. Besides, the time difference between the occurrences of two or more operations can be calculated via time-based operations. Therefore, there are specific modules in embedded systems for ... | Timing Operations | 10.1007/978-3-030-88439-0_6 |
2022-01-01 | This paper presents an ultra-low power, high sensitivity configurable CMOS fluorescence sensing front-end for implantable biosensors at single-cell level measurements. The front-end is configurable by a set of switches and consists of three integrated photodiodes (PD), three transimpedance amplifiers (TIA) for detectin... | A configurable fluorescence sensing front-end for ultra-low power and high sensitivity applications | 10.1007/s10470-021-01953-5 |
2022-01-01 | Recently rotary energy harvester, which can replace traditional batteries to power small electronic devices in the rotary system has been proposed. However, most of the proposed rotary energy harvesters are only can be installed concentrically in rotary system, cannot work in the need of eccentric installation. This pa... | An Eccentric Electromagnetic Energy Harvester for Rotary System | 10.1007/978-981-16-5912-6_80 |
2022-01-01 | This chapter summarizes our clinical experience with periprocedural duplex ultrasound performed to plan over 3000 lower extremity open and endovascular arterial revascularization procedures. The topics discussed include objectives of preoperative duplex ultrasound arterial mapping (DUAM) for revascularization decision-... | Lower Extremity Arterial Mapping: Duplex Ultrasound as an Alternative to Arteriography Prior to Femoral, Popliteal, and Infrapopliteal Reconstructions | 10.1007/978-3-030-60626-8_28 |
2022-01-01 | Capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry (CE-MS) coupling is a powerful analytical solution bringing together the separation power of CE and the wealth of chemical information afforded by MS. Nevertheless, interfaces making the hyphenation of both techniques possible have always been the subject of a quest for impro... | Evaluation of Prototype CE-MS Interfaces | 10.1007/978-1-0716-2493-7_1 |
2022-01-01 | Ultra-low permeability reservoir has low permeability and developed micro fractures. Conventional water injection is difficult to supple formation energy. Imbibition is the key technology for the development of ultra-low permeability reservoir. In order to accurately characterize the imbibition process of ultra-low per... | Imbibition Characteristics and Model for Ultra-low Permeability Reservoir | 10.1007/978-981-19-2149-0_48 |
2022-01-01 | Latest International Aluminum Institute (IAI) guideline includes various methodologies to measure total perfluorocarbon Perfluorocarbon (PFC) (PFC) emissions. Alcoa has continued to review those methodologies in selecting and implementing procedures that give reliable sampling and analytical techniques to measure high-... | Sampling and Analysis Methodology Review to Report Total PFC Emissions | 10.1007/978-3-030-92529-1_125 |
2022-01-01 | An unprecedented transformation of the European economy is needed to achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement, the EU Green Deal and the SDGs. This transformation requires channelling massive public and private financing. Cooperative banks have integrated environmental, social and governance (ESG) considerations in the... | European Cooperative Banks and Sustainability | 10.1007/978-3-030-98194-5_8 |
2022-01-01 | A magnetic compass sense has been demonstrated in all major classes of vertebrates, as well as in many invertebrates. In mammals, controlled laboratory studies of mice have provided evidence for a robust magnetic compass that is comparable to, or exceeds, the performance of that in other animals. Nevertheless, the vast... | Why is it so difficult to study magnetic compass orientation in murine rodents? | 10.1007/s00359-021-01532-z |
2022-01-01 | Optical density and turbidity are important parameters used both in the laboratory and a variety of industries. The aim of this study was to develop and demonstrate a low-cost, easily reproducible system for optical analysis of turbidity that can be used in the field, laboratory, or any other environment where budget a... | Novel Economic Method for Dynamic Noninvasive Optical Monitoring of Turbidity | 10.1007/978-981-16-4445-0_16 |
2022-01-01 | In response to global climate change, the Chinese Government has taken numerous measures to promote low-carbon management practices, but the overall adoption rate has been lower than expected. Empirical studies on the path dependence of farming experience, that is, long-standing planting concepts that will hinder farme... | Farming experience and farmers’ adoption of low-carbon management practices: the case of soil testing and fertilizer recommendations in China | 10.1007/s11356-021-16166-6 |
2022-01-01 | A lot of effort was recently spent by the wind energy community on developing wind tunnel experiments. These complement full-scale field tests as more measurements can be implemented with less effort, and the overall uncertainty about data is generally lower since environmental conditions are precisely controlled. Prog... | 3D Wind Tunnel Experiments | 10.1007/978-3-030-31307-4_31 |
2022-01-01 | Filling apples into a bin in the field is a bottleneck for apple production mechanization. Though a lot of bin fillers have been developed and commercially adopted, a majority are for indoor packinghouse use, which could not meet the infield requirement due to their large size, complexity, and high cost. An automatic b... | Development, Test, and Improvement of an Infield Use Bin Filler | 10.1007/978-981-16-5316-2_6 |
2022-01-01 | In a renewable energy power system dominated by a high proportion of wind power, the configuration of energy storage system is an effective solution to mitigate wind power fluctuations, ensure the safe and stable operation of the grid, and improve the dispatch ability of wind power. This paper proposes a battery energy... | A Dual-Objective Optimization Control Strategy with Markov Forecast for Battery Energy Storage System to Mitigating Wind Farm Fluctuations | 10.1007/978-981-16-7156-2_26 |
2022-01-01 | Intestinal lipid absorption as well as secretion of absorbed lipids as chylomicrons by the enterocytes is a direct measure of the availability of dietary lipids. Measurement of this parameter is central to the understanding of the influence of diet on plasma lipids, specifically when modulation of intestinal lipid abso... | Measurement of In Vivo VLDL and Chylomicron Secretion | 10.1007/978-1-0716-2128-8_6 |
2022-01-01 | In this day and age, technology and its functionalities are changing the way the world functions on a day-to-day basis, not only towards the betterment of this world but also towards the betterment of its inhabitants. This system is proposed with the intention of equipping athletes from underprivileged backgrounds with... | An IoT-Based Smart Device to Monitor and Analyse the Performance of Athletes | 10.1007/978-981-19-2177-3_42 |
2022-01-01 | The paper presents the experience developed in Sri Lanka to define a new idea of sustainable living implementing a concept design of a new residential area, based on the principle of green buildings. The project focuses on creating buildings which are not only good for the environment but also support sporting area, gr... | Living Inspired by Nature: Two Scenarios of Green Buildings in Sri Lanka | 10.1007/978-3-030-76221-6_31 |
2022-01-01 | Mechanical damage to soft tissues and bones of the lower limbs can be complicated by thrombosis and edema. Treatment of posttraumatic edema in the lower limbs can be difficult and lengthy and seldom leads to full healing. Posttraumatic edema pathogenesis has not been fully explained. This chapter presents the etiopatho... | Posttraumatic Lower Limb Edema | 10.1007/978-981-16-6206-5_22 |
2022-01-01 | The deflection bowl data from FWD has been extensively used to back-calculate the layer modulus of pavement structure. In this context, detailed analysis of shape of deflection bowl has been made in this paper to evaluate the extent of damage and distress of respective layers. Transformation of multilayer system has be... | Characterization of Layer Index in Bituminous Pavement Using Mechanistic-Empirical Approach Based on Concentration Factor in a Layered System | 10.1007/978-3-030-46455-4_44 |
2022-01-01 | Clean energy occupies the core position of low-carbon economic development. The clean energy transformation, which aims at improving energy utilization efficiency, optimizing consumption patterns, and cutting emissions, has become an inevitable choice for countries around the world to promote sustainable economic devel... | Optimization Analysis of Clean Energy Transformation | 10.1007/978-981-16-8965-9_8 |
2022-01-01 | Microelectrode-Arrays (MEAs) allow neural recording of thousands of neurons/mm 2 by sensing: Extracellular Action Potentials (EAP) and Local Field Potentials (LFP). MEAs arrange several recording sites (or pixels) in a spatial grid/matrix, planarly and capacitively coupled with in-vitro cell cultures (growth above the ... | Systematic Design Procedure of CMOS Microelectrode-Arrays Based on Analog Signal Processing Noise Figure | 10.1007/978-3-031-20664-1_1 |
2022-01-01 | The presence of drugs in our water resources is a major issue that affects human beings’ health and the aquatic ecosystem. Therefore, the existence of these pollutants has harmful effects, which requires the treatment of these pollutants. The liquid-solid adsorption technique has the advantages of being effective, easy... | Study of Piroxicam Removal from Wastewater by Artichoke Waste Using NemrodW® Software: Statistical Analysis | 10.1007/978-3-030-90083-0_3 |
2022-01-01 | With the increasing capacity of wind turbine assembly machines, it accounts for an increasing proportion of the power grid. In order to avoid a short-term fall in the power grid, the wind power generators will be disconnected from the grid in a large area, which will lead to grid security problems. Standards such as “R... | Power Grid Security by Transforming a Certain Type of Wind Turbine | 10.1007/978-981-16-7469-3_21 |
2022-01-01 | Space tourism is human space travel for recreational purposes. The dream once seen and envisaged in many different fictions has come to reality. There is a possibility that in future people may travel in space for recreational purposes. There will be a need for developing drug delivery systems for such travelers who mi... | Implications of Microgravity on Microemulsions and Nanoemulsions | 10.1007/978-3-030-05526-4_31 |
2022-01-01 | The oil absorption efficiency increased with increasing permeability, and the oil absorption efficiency increased at low permeation stage. The oil absorption efficiency was improved with the increase of the water injection rate, and the amplification became smaller as the oil content increased to 100%. The larger the p... | Application of Internet of Things Sensor in Analysis of Water Flooding Law in Low Permeability Reservoir | 10.1007/978-3-030-97874-7_19 |
2022-01-01 | There are many different types of guitar effects circuits, and I like to break them down into three main categories. First are overdrive and distortion circuits. These circuits are usually fairly simple, and their basic operation is relatively easy to understand. The second group includes more advanced effects such as ... | Effects Circuits | 10.1007/978-3-031-10758-0_5 |
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