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2015-02-01 | An experiment to investigate the natural circulation of cryogenic liquid has been performed. The study is motivated mainly by our recent development of cryogenic cooling system for prototype superconducting cyclotron without any circulating pump. In the natural circulation loop system, a cooling channel is attached on ... | Natural Circulation Flow of Cryogenic Liquid for Superconducting Magnet Applications | 10.1007/s10948-014-2743-5 |
2015-02-01 | Hypothermic hydration graft storage is essential to reduce the metabolic demand of cells in vitro . The alleviated metabolic demands reduce the emergence rate of anaerobic metabolism generating adenosine triphosphate (ATP) energy that creates free radicals. The excessive free radicals can damage cells and tissues due t... | Medical chilling device designed for hypothermic hydration graft storage system: Design, thermohydrodynamic modeling, and preliminary testing | 10.1007/s12206-015-0117-y |
2015-02-01 | The effects of variable cryogenic temperature on the thermal expansion are measured by tensile method for several commercial superconducting composite wires of NbTi/Cu, Nb_3Sn/Cu, and high-temperature superconducting (HTS) Bi2212/Ag tapes. A variable temperature cryostat system is constructed to provide successive cool... | Measurement of Thermal Expansion of Superconducting Wires at Cryogenic Temperature Based on Tensile Method | 10.1007/s10948-014-2762-2 |
2015-01-13 | We report on thin film deposition by matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation of simple hydroxyapatite (HA) or silver (Ag) doped HA combined with the natural biopolymer organosolv lignin (Lig) (Ag:HA–Lig). Solid cryogenic target of aqueous dispersions of Ag:HA–Lig composite and its counterpart without silver (HA–Lig) w... | Structural and biological evaluation of lignin addition to simple and silver-doped hydroxyapatite thin films synthesized by matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation | 10.1007/s10856-014-5333-y |
2015-01-01 | Considering its size, Georgia has a large number of glaciers. In the mountains of Georgia, there are about 786 registered glaciers, with a total area of about 550 km. About 82.5 % are in the upper courses of the Kodori, Inguri, Rioni, and Tereck rivers. For the past 150 years, significant glacier retreat (0.8–1.7 km) a... | Glacial and Periglacial Processes | 10.1007/978-3-319-05413-1_9 |
2015-01-01 | Understanding of local mechanisms chip forming during machining by removal of material is difficult, to this end; a cutting finite element modelling is required. This study aims initially to model orthogonal cutting of Ti17 titanium alloy in dry and cryogenic machining and in a second time to study the influence of the... | Numerical and Experimental Approach in Assisted Cryogenic Machining | 10.1007/978-3-319-17527-0_10 |
2015-01-01 | Transmission soft x-ray microscopy (SXM) is an important new technique for visualizing and quantifying biological specimens, especially individual cells. In SXM the specimen is illuminated with “water-window” soft x-rays (i.e., x-ray photons with energies in the range 284–543 eV). As the illuminating light passes throu... | Putting Molecules in the Picture: Using Correlated Light Microscopy and Soft X-ray Tomography to Study Cells | 10.1007/978-3-319-04507-8_43-1 |
2015-01-01 | Polymeric Coatings to Fight Biofouling | 10.1007/978-3-642-36199-9_366-1 | |
2015-01-01 | A heat pipe is defined as a device that utilizes the evaporation heat transfer in its evaporator and the condensation heat transfer in its condenser, in which the vapor flow from the evaporator to condenser is caused by the vapor pressure difference, and the liquid flow from the condenser to the evaporator is produced ... | Conventional Heat Pipes | 10.1007/978-1-4939-2504-9_9 |
2015-01-01 | The effects of in-process cryogenic LN cooling on the resulting grain size of the friction stir processing (FSP) of twin roll cast (TRC) magnesium alloy AZ31B. Sheets (3 mm-thick) of TRC AZ31B were friction stir processed using a wide range of processing parameters (mostly tool feed and spindle speed). The tool rotatio... | Pre-cooling Effects on the Resulting Grain Size in Friction Stir Processing of AZ31B | 10.1007/978-94-017-9804-4_24 |
2015-01-01 | Composite macroporous poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) cryogels have been prepared by cryogenic treatment (freezing at −20°C for 12 h followed by thawing at a rate of 0.03°C/min) of mixtures of an aqueous PVA solution and poly(butadiene- co -styrene) latex. The values of the elasticity modulus and fusion temperature have been... | A study of cryostructuring of polymer systems. 37. Composite cryogels formed from dispersions of poly(butadiene-co-styrene) latex in aqueous poly(vinyl alcohol) solution | 10.1134/S1061933X15010111 |
2015-01-01 | This chapter first discusses the challenges with the tool material selection for machining of high-silicon aluminum-matrix composites. It is shown that the combination of a soft easy-to-adhere Al-matrix and highly abrasive particles limits the use of cemented carbide tools due to high rate of adhesion and abrasion wear... | Polycrystalline Diamond (PCD) Tool Material: Emerging Applications, Problems, and Possible Solutions | 10.1007/978-3-662-45088-8_1 |
2015-01-01 | Inconel 718 is widely used in sophisticated engineering applications due to its unique properties such as high oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance even at high temperatures and retains a mechanical strength under these conditions as well. But machining such an exotic material is costly due to the rapid tool w... | Effect of posttreatments on the performance of tungsten carbide (K20) tool while machining (turning) of Inconel 718 | 10.1007/s00170-014-6279-4 |
2015-01-01 | Microspectral analysis was used to identify the molecular components of a number of plant and animal cells. This technique makes it possible to perform optical measurements during freezing to the temperature of liquid nitrogen. The revealed biochemical heterogeneity suggests functional specialization of individual cell... | Spectral measurements of the functional heterogeneity of cells and their organelles | 10.1134/S0006350915010030 |
2015-01-01 | The effects of cutting speed in cryogenic and dry machining on the surface integrity characteristics (the affected layer, microhardness, transformation response, transformation temperature, and latent heat for transformation) of NiTi shape memory alloys are investigated. It has been found that the cutting speed has rem... | Cutting Speed Dependent Microstructure and Transformation Behavior of NiTi Alloy in Dry and Cryogenic Machining | 10.1007/s11665-014-1247-6 |
2015-01-01 | Membrane-based gas separation (GS) systems are today widely accepted and, in some cases, used as unit operations for generation, separation, and purification of gases in gas, chemical, petroleum, and allied industries. There are several fields of application of membrane GS, and several membrane materials and membrane m... | Application of Gas Separation Membranes | 10.1007/978-3-319-01095-3_6 |
2015-01-01 | An analysis of CO_2 emissions and soil microbiological activity has been performed in larch stands of different ages that developed on cryogenic soils and represent different stages of post-fire succession. An abrupt increase in the soil emissions of CO_2 (by more than 2 times) in young stands (15–30 years old), as wel... | Dynamics of soil respiration at different stages of pyrogenic restoration succession with different-aged burns in Evenkia as an example | 10.1134/S1067413615010117 |
2015-01-01 | Air, oxygen and nitrogen are examples of environmental friendly lubricants in the gaseous state. Even at low pressures, they have strong influences on the cutting performance. However, as the cutting speed increases, the effectiveness of the gas lubricants attenuated. This has conventionally been attributed to the redu... | Utilisation of Environmental Friendly Gaseous and Vapour in Machining | 10.1007/978-981-287-266-1_4 |
2015-01-01 | This paper made an experimental investigation of cage instability in respect to cage pocket designs, ball-pocket clearances, and flow rate in cryogenic environment. Test bearing bore size is 70 mm deep groove ball bearing. Cage pocket designs are circular and elliptical, and ball-pocket clearances are 0.6, 1.2, 1.8 mm.... | Correlation Between Friction Coefficient and Sound Characteristics for Cage Instability of Cryogenic Deep Groove Ball Bearings | 10.1007/978-3-319-06590-8_159 |
2015-01-01 | In the present paper the constitutive model of dissipative material at cryogenic temperature is presented. Three coupled dissipative phenomena: plastic flow, plastic strain induced phase transformation and evolution of damage are considered using a thermodynamically consistent framework. The theory relies on notion of ... | Constitutive Modeling of Dissipative Phenomena in Austenitic Metastable Steels at Cryogenic Temperatures | 10.1007/978-3-319-14660-7_3 |
2015-01-01 | Effect of cryogenic grinding on volatile oil, oleoresin content, total phenolics, flavonoid content and anti-oxidant properties of seed extract of nine coriander ( Coriandrum sativum L.) genotypes have been analyzed. Volatile oil and oleoresin content was significantly high in cryogenically ground samples ranged from 0... | Effect of cryogenic grinding on volatile oil, oleoresin content and anti-oxidant properties of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) genotypes | 10.1007/s13197-013-1004-0 |
2015-01-01 | Cryopreservation technologies have opened the door to the possibility of long-term storage of valuable biodiverse germplasm of many plant species. However, for successful conservation by cryopreservation Cryopreservation , a large amount of work is still needed. This chapter describes the role of plants belonging to th... | Cryopreservation of Gentianaceae: Trends and Applications | 10.1007/978-3-642-54102-5_11 |
2015-01-01 | An aluminum alloy (Al-Zn-Mg-Cu) subjected to deep cryogenic treatment (DCT) was systematically investigated. The results show that a DCT-induced phase transformation varies the microstructures and affects the mechanical properties of the Al alloy. Both Guinier-Preston (GP) zones and a metastable η′ phase were observed ... | Deep-cryogenic-treatment-induced phase transformation in the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy | 10.1007/s12613-015-1045-7 |
2014-12-01 | This paper describes design and fabrication of a hybrid high temperature superconducting (HTS) magnet for a 150 kJ superconducting magnetic energy system. The hybrid HTS magnet, which employs both BSCCO taps and YBCO taps, is composed of 18 double pancake coils (DPC). Six DPC made of BSCCO are respectively installed on... | Design and Fabrication of a Hybrid HTS Magnet for 150 kJ SMES | 10.1007/s10894-014-9744-z |
2014-12-01 | This work is dedicated to gas-bearing empty ice crystallites 100–500 μm in size, which were found for the first time in Paleogene diatomic clay in the upper part of the frozen sequence of Western Siberia. The spherical, caselike, and splintered crystallites with hexagonal and curved faces are not related to relict gas ... | Gas-bearing ice crystallites in clayey deposits | 10.1134/S1028334X14120277 |
2014-12-01 | Cryogenic propulsion systems using liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen propellant combination are used in satellite launch vehicles in view of the higher specific impulse (I_SP). Due to extreme low temperature of cryogenic propellant and low density and explosive nature of LH_2, the development of cryogenic propulsion sy... | Mathematical modelling of a cryogenic engine | 10.1007/s12572-015-0117-2 |
2014-12-01 | A thermomechanical coupling numerical model is built to reproduce the deep cryogenic treatment (DCT) of a cold work die steel Cr8Mo2SiV (SDC99) Navy C-ring specimen and explore the transient temperature distribution and microstructure evolution in specimen. Furthermore, the predicted results are validated by x-ray diff... | Thermomechanical Analysis of Deep Cryogenic Treatment of Navy C-Ring Specimen | 10.1007/s11665-014-1239-6 |
2014-12-01 | In this study, the effects of deep cryogenic treatment (DCT) on the wear resistance of AISI 52100 bearing steel were investigated. For this purpose, a number of bearing steel samples were held for different times (12, 24, 36, 48, 60 h) at deep cryogenic temperatures (−145 °C). The wear experiments were carried out in a... | Effect of Deep Cryogenic Treatment on Wear Resistance of AISI 52100 Bearing Steel | 10.1007/s12666-014-0417-4 |
2014-12-01 | The anthropogenic changes of permafrost are studied at the key sites in the European North, i.e., Koida Village (Mezen’ tundra), Nes’ Village (Kanin Peninsula), Shoina Village (Kanin Peninsula), Mezen’ Town, Vashutkiny Lakes (Bol’shezemel’skaya tundra), Amderma (Yugorskii Peninsula), and the northern part of Vaigach is... | Anthropogenic changes of permafrost in the European North and their consequences | 10.1134/S0097807814070069 |
2014-12-01 | Cryopreservation, the storage of germplasm at ultra-low temperature is the most reliable tool for long-term preservation of plant genetic resources. Cryopreservation techniques are widely applied but the effect of light spectra on plant recovery after cryopreservation is largely unknown. Therefore, we investigated the ... | Does light spectral quality affect survival and regeneration of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) shoot tips after cryopreservation? | 10.1007/s11240-014-0559-4 |
2014-12-01 | The beneficial effects of deep cryogenic treatment (DCT) at temperatures close to −180 °C on certain mechanical properties of steels are well known, although the metallurgical base mechanism of DCT still needs further clarification. In this study, the thermal decomposition of steel martensite (100Cr6) subjected to low-... | Influence of deep cryogenic treatment on the thermal decomposition of Fe–C martensite | 10.1007/s10853-014-8527-2 |
2014-12-01 | The present paper deals with experimental investigation of processes that occur when injecting a cryogenic fluid into water. The optical recording of the process of injection of a jet of liquid nitrogen into water has revealed the structure and the stages of this process. The results obtained can be used when studying ... | Explosive boiling of liquid nitrogen | 10.1134/S0040601514130060 |
2014-11-01 | Effects of Mn addition (17, 19, and 22 wt pct) on tensile and Charpy impact properties in three austenitic Fe-Mn-C-Al-based steels were investigated at room and cryogenic temperatures in relation with deformation mechanisms. Tensile strength and elongation were not varied much with Mn content at room temperature, but a... | Effects of Mn Addition on Tensile and Charpy Impact Properties in Austenitic Fe-Mn-C-Al-Based Steels for Cryogenic Applications | 10.1007/s11661-014-2513-9 |
2014-11-01 | Tensile tests of titanium alloy and austenitic steel specimens have been conducted in the range of temperatures 300–4 K. Under deep-freezing conditions, there occurs a new type of scale effect – variation of low-temperature jumplike deformation, which causes a sharp variation of the plasticity characteristic (the relat... | Jumplike Deformation as the Scale Effect Measure for the Metal Deformed Volume Under Deep-Freezing Conditions: Experiment and Modeling | 10.1007/s11223-014-9609-8 |
2014-10-01 | Nonequilibrium nanocrystalline FCC solid solutions are obtained via the mechanical alloying of Cu_1.0 − x -Ag_ x powders ( x = 0.1, 0.2, …, 0.9, 1.0) with deformation under pressure and their properties are investigated. The chemical homogeneity, microstructure, mechanical properties, and thermal stability of the alloy... | Formation and properties of copper-silver solid solutions upon severe deformation under pressure | 10.3103/S1062873814100189 |
2014-10-01 | Effect of deep cryogenic treatment (DCT) on the microstructures and mechanical behavior of ultrafine-grained WC-12Co cemented carbide was investigated by using XRD, SEM, and DSC. The phase transformations of pure Co and binder phase Co in cemented carbide were analyzed in detail to correlate the strengthening mechanism... | Influence of Deep Cryogenic Treatment on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of an Ultrafine-Grained WC-12Co Cemented Carbide | 10.1007/s40195-014-0134-3 |
2014-10-01 | Epoxies have a wide range of applications in fuel tank fabrication, aerospace, electrical, electronic, and automobile industries. However, these resins are quite brittle, showing poor mechanical performance, especially at cryogenic temperature. The properties of functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs)-rein... | Surface functionalized carbon nanotubes and its effects on the mechanical properties of epoxy based composites at cryogenic temperature | 10.1007/s00289-014-1202-6 |
2014-10-01 | In this study, liquid nitrogen was applied to grind SiCp/Al composites with high volume fraction and large SiC particle at different levels of cutting conditions, and the effects of grinding depth and speed on grinding force, surface morphology, and surface roughness were investigated. At the same time, the effect of c... | Machining Characteristics in Cryogenic Grinding of SiCp/Al Composites | 10.1007/s40195-014-0126-3 |
2014-10-01 | In this study, the spread of cryogenic liquid due to a limited period of release is investigated for the first time to clarify the unclear conventional concept regarding two release types, continuous and instantaneous release. In describing instantaneous release, a discharge time has been assumed to be infinitesimally ... | Study of continuous spill with a limited period of release | 10.1007/s12206-014-0947-z |
2014-09-01 | Design specifications for the support structures of low temperature instrumentation often call for low thermal conductivity between temperature stages, high stiffness, and specific load bearing capabilities. While overall geometric design plays an important role in both overall stiffness and heat conduction between sta... | Material Selection for Cryogenic Support Structures | 10.1007/s10909-013-1052-x |
2014-09-01 | Cryogenic test setups with controlled stray light environments capable of reaching ultra-low radiative background levels are required to test far infrared (FIR) and submillimeter (sub-mm) wave radiation detectors for future space based observatories. In recent experiments (Nature Commun 5:3130, 2014 ), in which 1.54 TH... | Study on Optical Filter Heating in Background Limited Detector Experiments | 10.1007/s10909-014-1184-7 |
2014-09-01 | The next generations of cosmic microwave background (CMB) instruments will be dedicated to the detection and characterisation of CMB B-modes. To measure this tiny signal, instruments need to control and minimise systematics. Signal modulation is one way to achieve such a control. New generation of focal planes will inc... | Superconducting NbN Coplanar Switch Driven by DC Current for CMB Instruments | 10.1007/s10909-014-1103-y |
2014-09-01 | Space-charge build-up phenomena are investigated in germanium detectors for dark matter search, associated with the thermal emission of carriers by the H $$^{-}$$ - -like, dopant-related A $$^{+ }$$ + and D $$^{-}$$ - shallow trap centers. Evidence for such processes follows from a combined study of the time evolution ... |
$$\hbox {H}^{-}$$
H
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-Like Centers and Space-Charge Effects in Cryogenic Germanium Detectors for Dark Matte... | 10.1007/s10909-013-1060-x |
2014-09-01 | A new set of experimental data is presented for the mean drift lengths and the drift velocities of hot electrons and holes as a function of the electric field in ultra-pure and in lightly doped (n- and p-type) germanium single crystals at mK temperatures. Measurements are made in the field range between $$\sim $$ ∼ 0.1... | Hot Carrier Trapping in High-Purity and Doped Germanium Crystals at Millikelvin Temperatures | 10.1007/s10909-014-1088-6 |
2014-09-01 | A method is presented to determine the field dependence of the intervalley scattering rate for hot electrons in germanium, based on an analysis of electron straggle in a detector crystal fitted with segmented electrodes. Measurements in high-purity and in lightly doped n- and p-type crystals at millikelvin temperatures... | Intervalley Scattering of Hot Electrons in Germanium at Millikelvin Temperatures | 10.1007/s10909-014-1091-y |
2014-09-01 | This experimental work reports the results of a study addressing tool wear, surface topography, and x-ray diffraction analysis for the finish cutting process of room-temperature austenitic NiTi alloy. Turning operation of NiTi alloy was conducted under dry, minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) and cryogenic cooling condi... | Machining and Phase Transformation Response of Room-Temperature Austenitic NiTi Shape Memory Alloy | 10.1007/s11665-014-1058-9 |
2014-09-01 | The effective mass of the electron neutrino can be probed by studying the $$^{163}$$ 163 Ho electron capture decay with cryogenic microcalorimeters. The goal is to perform a calorimetric experiment, where all the energy released in the decay is measured except for the kinetic energy of the neutrino. To achieve such a g... | Thermal Properties of Holmium-Implanted Gold Films | 10.1007/s10909-014-1156-y |
2014-09-01 | Formation of ordered structures from a large number (∼10^4) of charged diamagnetic macroparticles in a cusp magnetic trap under microgravity conditions is experimentally studied. The experiments are performed onboard the International Space Station. Dusty plasma structures in a cryogenic d.c. glow discharge (cryogenic ... | Coulomb systems of strongly interacting dust particles: Laboratory and microgravity conditions | 10.3103/S8756699014050021 |
2014-09-01 | We established a simple thermal model of the heat flow in a large crystal detector designed for a neutrinoless double beta decay experiment. The detector is composed of a CaMoO $$_{4}$$ 4 crystal and a metallic magnetic calorimeter (MMC). The thermal connection between the absorber and the sensor consists of a gold fil... | Thermal Model and Optimization of a Large Crystal Detector Using a Metallic Magnetic Calorimeter | 10.1007/s10909-014-1139-z |
2014-09-01 | We report the realization of a robust magnetic transport scheme to bring >3 × 10^8 ultracold ^87Rb atoms into a cryostat. The sequence starts with standard laser cooling and trapping of ^87Rb atoms, transporting first horizontally and then vertically through the radiation shields into a cryostat by a series of normal- ... | Magnetic conveyor belt transport of ultracold atoms to a superconducting atomchip | 10.1007/s00340-014-5790-5 |
2014-08-01 | We have demonstrated a combined test of the submillimeter-wave SIS photon detectors and GaAs-JFET cryogenic integrated circuits. A relatively large background photo-current can be read out by fast-reset integrating amplifiers. An integration time of 1 ms enables fast frame rate readout and large dynamic range imaging, ... | Fast and High Dynamic Range Imaging with Superconducting Tunnel Junction Detectors | 10.1007/s10909-013-1022-3 |
2014-08-01 | The SuperCDMS collaboration is presently operating a 9 kg Ge payload at the Soudan Underground Laboratory in their direct search for dark matter. The Ge detectors utilize double-sided athermal phonon sensors with an interdigitated electrode structure (iZIPs) to reject near-surface electron-recoil events. These detector... | Detector Fabrication Yield for SuperCDMS Soudan | 10.1007/s10909-014-1100-1 |
2014-08-01 | SRON is developing TES detectors based on a superconducting Ti/Au bilayer on a suspended SiN membrane for the short-wavelength band of the SAFARI instrument on SPICA mission. We have recently replaced the wet KOH etching of the Si substrate by deep reactive ion etching. The new process enables us to fabricate the detec... | Characterization of Low Noise TES Detectors Fabricated by D-RIE Process for SAFARI Short-Wavelength Band | 10.1007/s10909-014-1131-7 |
2014-08-01 | For compounds dissolved in non-polar solvents, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic investigations have benefited greatly from the advent of cryogenically cooled probes. Unfortunately the allure of significant increases in sensitivity may not be realized for compounds such as metabolites that are dissolved in solve... | Biomolecular sample considerations essential for optimal performance from cryogenic probes | 10.1007/s11306-013-0620-z |
2014-08-01 | The SuperCDMS experiment relies on detection of free charges generated in high purity germanium (HPGe) crystals by particle interactions. To better understand long-term trapping effects which make carriers unavailable for such rapid ionization measurements, we used infrared LEDs ( $$\lambda $$ λ = 940 nm) to create ele... | Charge Transport Asymmetry in Cryogenic High Purity Germanium | 10.1007/s10909-014-1111-y |
2014-08-01 | Ultra-low temperature sensors provide unprecedented performances in X-ray and far infrared astronomy by taking advantage of physical properties of matter close to absolute zero. CESAR is an FP7 funded project started in December 2010, that gathers six European laboratories around the development of high performances cr... | CESAR: Cryogenic Electronics for Space Applications | 10.1007/s10909-013-1021-4 |
2014-07-01 | In this paper, we study some components of a terawatt femtosecond laser system operating with a pulse repetition rate of 1 kHz under development. The system consists of optically synchronized pump and amplification channels; the amplification channel is based on parametric amplification in an LBO crystal, and the pump ... | Pump channel of parametric amplifier of terawatt femtosecond Yb laser system | 10.1134/S1024856014040137 |
2014-07-01 | The strengthening and change in austenite stability when steel of X18H10 type alloyed by nitrogen are investigated, for applications where corrosion-resistant structural steel must operate satisfactorily at both high and cryogenic temperatures. Alloying by nitrogen may be regarded as a promising means of increasing the... | Influence of alloying by nitrogen on the strength and austenite stability of X18H10 steel | 10.3103/S0967091214070110 |
2014-07-01 | High-strength corrosion-resistant steels with controlled martensitic transformation developed at the V. P. Glushko Energomash Research and Production Association, are studied. The main principles of their alloying and heat treatment are described. The advantages and prospects of the use of the new steels for making ela... | A Study and Development of High-Strength Corrosion-Resistant Steels with Controlled Martensitic Transformation for Cryogenic Engineering | 10.1007/s11041-014-9723-z |
2014-07-01 | The mechanism of structure formation is proposed in heterogeneous crystallization of droplets of binary eutectic solutions containing carbon nanotube particles in cryogenic liquids. Theoretical relationships are derived for calculating the rate of crystallite growth and the size of salt nanocrystals that form. Calculat... | Heterogeneous cryogenic crystallization of suspensions containing carbon nanotubes | 10.1134/S0040579514030051 |
2014-07-01 | This paper presents the performance of production Band 3 receivers (84-116 GHz) for the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) that operate in Chile at 5000 m altitude. The fabrication, and testing of a total of 73 receivers necessitated stringent quality control during assembly and custom designed automated test set fo... | Performance of the Production Band 3 receivers (84-116 GHz) for the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) | 10.1007/s10762-014-0071-2 |
2014-07-01 | Photographic properties of one of atomic photodetectors are studied at the temperature of liquid nitrogen. The characteristic curves obtained at room and cryogenic temperatures indicate that the detector retains its physical and photographic properties, and its possibilities can be expanded to studies of deeply frozen ... | Possibilities of cryogenic autoradiography | 10.1134/S1061934814070107 |
2014-07-01 | We present measurements of the absorption and emission cross-sections for Yb:YAG , Yb:LuAG and Yb:CaF _2 as a function of temperature between 80 and 340 K. The cross-sections are determined by the combination of the McCumber relation and the Fuchtbauer–Ladenburg (FL) equation to achieve reliable results in spectral reg... | Spectroscopic characterization of Yb^3+-doped laser materials at cryogenic temperatures | 10.1007/s00340-013-5650-8 |
2014-07-01 | The NICA cryogenics will be based on the modernized liquid helium plant that was b uilt in the early 90’s for the superconducting synchrotron known as the Nuclotron. The main goals of the modernization are: increasing of the total refrigerator capacity from 4000 W to 8000 W at 4.5 K, making a new distribution system of... | Cryogenics for the future accelerator complex NICA at JINR | 10.1134/S1547477114040037 |
2014-07-01 | A novel concept of hybrid cryogenic distillation network has been explored which maximizes the benefits of both desublimation or solid-vapor based separation as well as distillation or vapor-liquid equilibrium based separation during the separation of carbon dioxide from methane or natural gas. Process network synthesi... | Performance enhancement and energy reduction using hybrid cryogenic distillation networks for purification of natural gas with high CO_2 content | 10.1007/s11814-014-0038-y |
2014-06-25 | We report on experimental results of the thermal conductivity k of highly porous Si in the temperature range 4.2 to 20 K, obtained using the direct current (dc) method combined with thermal finite element simulations. The reported results are the first in the literature for this temperature range. It was found that por... | Thermal conductivity of highly porous Si in the temperature range 4.2 to 20 K | 10.1186/1556-276X-9-318 |
2014-06-01 | Recently, a use of difficult to cut materials including titanium alloy has been substantially increasing in aerospace and automotive industries. Eco-friendly machining technology, which eliminates or minimizes cutting fluids in machining fields, has been emerged in compliance with green manufacturing trend. In this reg... | Eco-friendly face milling of titanium alloy | 10.1007/s12541-014-0451-5 |
2014-06-01 | The hydrodynamic processes occurring at injection of cryogenic liquid into water pool were studied experimentally. Processes accompanying the phase transitions were registered. Data testify the developing pressure burst with an amplitude sufficient for possible formation of gas hydrates when methane is injected as a cr... | Boiling-up of liquid nitrogen jet in water | 10.1134/S0869864314030020 |
2014-06-01 | In this study, the effects of deep cryogenic treatment (93 K) on the surface and sub-surface wear development of H13A cobalt-bonded tungsten carbide cutting inserts during the wet machining of AISI 1045 steel were investigated. Cutting inserts were subjected to short periods (171–553 s) of turning at cutting speeds of ... | Effects of deep cryogenic treatment on the wear development of H13A tungsten carbide inserts when machining AISI 1045 steel | 10.1007/s11740-013-0518-7 |
2014-05-01 | The behavior of soil solutions in seasonally freezing solonchaks of Mongolia is discussed on the basis of the results of simulation experiments with the use of the FREEZBRINE model of physicochemical equilibria. Data on the chemical composition of soil solutions in solonchaks of the Ekhiin-Gol oasis have been used for ... | Cryogenic transformation of soil solutions and the development of salt profiles in solonchaks of Mongolia according to the results of modeling | 10.1134/S1064229314050068 |
2014-05-01 | There has been significant work on establishing relationships between machining performance and the cutting parameters for various work materials. Recent trends in machining research show that major efforts are being made to understand the impact of various cooling/lubrication methods on machining performance and surfa... | Evaluation of machining performance in cryogenic machining of Inconel 718 and comparison with dry and MQL machining | 10.1007/s00170-014-5683-0 |
2014-05-01 | With the rapid growth in demand for industrial gas in steel and chemical industries, there has been significant emphasis placed on the development of China’s large-scale air separation technology. Currently, the maximum capacity of a single unit has been able to attain 120000 Nm^3/h (oxygen), and the specific power con... | Research and development of large-scale cryogenic air separation in China | 10.1631/jzus.A1400063 |
2014-05-01 | Accurate thermal expansion data of material at low temperatures are important in material selection and structural design for a cryogenic system. In this study, an experimental setup with a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) temperature control system was developed to measure the thermal expansion of solid material... | Measurement of thermal expansion at low temperatures using the strain gage method | 10.1631/jzus.A1400051 |
2014-04-01 | In the present study, numerical calculations of the flow-field around the airfoil model are performed by using the OpenFOAM in high subsonic flows. The airfoil model is NACA 64A010. The maximum thickness is 10 % of the chord length. The SonicFOAM and the RhoCentralFOAM are selected as the solver in high subsonic flows.... | A study on high subsonic airfoil flows in relatively high Reynolds number by using OpenFOAM | 10.1007/s11630-014-0687-5 |
2014-04-01 | Morphology, composition, age and origin of carbonate spherulites from caves of Western Urals | 10.1134/S0016702914020049 | |
2014-04-01 | Thin films of nanoporous palladium (np-Pd) were produced from binary palladium-nickel (Pd-Ni) precursor alloys. A suitable precursor alloy and a method of dealloying to yield optimum nanoporosity (average pore/ligament size of 7 nm) were developed by studying the effects of various processing parameters on final micros... | Engineering Defect-Free Nanoporous Pd from Optimized Pd-Ni Precursor Alloy by Understanding Palladium-Hydrogen Interactions During Dealloying | 10.1007/s11661-013-2154-4 |
2014-04-01 | We report the progress of developing a fiber-optic probe hydrophone (FOPH) system applicable to the measurement of local density/pressure fluctuations in a cryogenic liquid. The measurement principle is based on a law of classical optics known as “Fresnel’s reflection loss.” We use this principle at the end-face of a s... | Development of a Fiber-Optic Probe Hydrophone for a Cryogenic Liquid | 10.1007/s10909-013-0962-y |
2014-04-01 | The present article focuses on modeling issues to simulate cryogenic fluid cavitating flows. A revised cavitation model, in which the thermal effect is considered, is derivated and established based on Kubota model. Cavitating flow computations are conducted around an axisymmetric ogive and a 2D quarter caliber hydrofo... | A Rayleigh-Plesset based transport model for cryogenic fluid cavitating flow computations | 10.1007/s11433-013-5198-y |
2014-04-01 | Cryogenic treatment is a recent advancement in the field of machining to improve the properties of cutting tool materials. Tungsten carbide is the most commonly used cutting tool material in the industry and the technique can also be extended to it. Although the importance of tempering after cryogenic treatment has bee... | Effect of tempering after cryogenic treatment of tungsten carbide–cobalt bounded inserts | 10.1007/s12034-014-0634-9 |
2014-03-01 | This article tells the story of the Central Helium Liquefier (CHL) at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab), one of the US National Laboratories. JLab’s successful superconducting radio frequency accelerator was only possible because a group of JLab engineers successfully tackled a complex of diffic... | Engineering the Big Chill: The Story of JLab’s Central Helium Liquefier | 10.1007/s00016-014-0127-7 |
2014-03-01 | This paper presents results from a comparative study of machining of Ti6Al4V alloy under dry, minimal quality lubrication, and cryogenic cooling conditions using coated tools at varying cutting speeds and feed rates. The influence of the cooling conditions on surface integrity and the product performance was studied in... | The effects of cooling conditions on surface integrity in machining of Ti6Al4V alloy | 10.1007/s00170-013-5477-9 |
2014-03-01 | The elastic properties of $$\eta\hbox{-Fe}_2\hbox{C}$$ η -Fe 2 C (eta carbide) have been determined from ab initio density functional theory calculations using the generalized gradient approximation. The isotropic polycrystalline elastic modulus of $$\eta\hbox{-Fe}_2\hbox{C}$$ η -Fe 2 C has been calculated as the avera... | Elastic properties of eta carbide (η-Fe_2C) from ab initio calculations: application to cryogenically treated gear steel | 10.1007/s10853-013-7942-0 |
2014-03-01 | Blinking (stochastic intermittence) of fluorescence is a quite common phenomenon that accompanies the emission of single quantum objects-organic chromophore molecules, quantum dots, and nanocrystals. It is demonstrated that fluorescence blinking of single organic molecules embedded into a polymer matrix including the o... | Manifestation of tunneling TLS dynamics of a polymer matrix in single-molecule fluorescence blinking | 10.3103/S1062873814030150 |
2014-02-01 | An experiment to calibrate temperature sensors at cryogenic temperature has been performed. The main objective of this study was to develop a precise instrument for calibrating the temperature sensors over a temperature range of 4 K to approximately room temperature without liquid helium. The instrument consists of rad... | Development of variable temperature instrument for sensor calibration | 10.1007/s12206-013-1140-5 |
2014-02-01 | Three improved ^13C-spinlock experiments for side chain assignments of isotope labelled proteins in liquid state are presented. These are based on wide bandwidth spinlock techniques that have become possible with contemporary cryogenic probes. The first application, the H(C^aliC^aro)H-TOCSY, is an HCCH-TOCSY in which a... | Improved NMR experiments with ^13C-isotropic mixing for assignment of aromatic and aliphatic side chains in labeled proteins | 10.1007/s10858-013-9808-9 |
2014-02-01 | Electron beam welding of pre-aged cast 718 produced a slender Laves phase, while welds from solutionized cast 718 exhibited a blocky Laves phase with an initial stage of δ precipitation and formation of γ′+γ″ strengtheners after post weld heat treatment (PWHT). The presence of primary strengthener and coarse Laves part... | Effect of Post Weld Heat Treatment on Cryogenic Mechanical Properties of Electron Beam Welded Cast Inconel 718 | 10.1007/s11661-013-2133-9 |
2014-02-01 | Escalation in food industries unctuous wastes has led to serious anthropogenic problems to the environment. Parallel to “green strategy”, growing awareness in biological treatment emphasizes efficacy of enzymatic technology for bioremediation. Pertinently, researchers are in search for new lipase-lipid interaction for ... |
Rhodococcus UKMP-5M, an endogenous lipase producing actinomycete from Peninsular Malaysia | 10.2478/s11756-013-0308-x |
2014-01-01 | Cryogenic landslides are the main relief-forming process on the Northern part of West Siberian Plain. This chapter discusses the theory of cryogenic landslides and suggests classification method based on mechanisms, specific landforms—manifestations of various landslide processes. The study is based on the long-term fi... | Cryogenic Landslides in the West-Siberian Plain of Russia: Classification, Mechanisms, and Landforms | 10.1007/978-3-319-00867-7_11 |
2014-01-01 | A cryogenic system for cooling samples in an IMS-4F secondary-ion mass spectrometer with a static analyzer is described. The cryogenic system allows maintenance of the sample temperature with an accuracy of ±1 K in a temperature range of 60–420 K by combining heating and cooling (by using liquid helium or nitrogen). Th... | A cryosystem for cooling samples in a secondary-ion mass spectrometer with a static analyzer | 10.1134/S0020441214010102 |
2014-01-01 | This chapter presents an assessment of cryogenic landslide hazard study based on differentiation of landscapes in Central Yamal. Analysis of landslide pattern shows that all recent cryogenic landslides are located on concave slopes. As concave slopes from our opinion are being modified from ancient landslides, it means... | Assessment of Landslide Hazards in a Typical Tundra of Central Yamal, Russia | 10.1007/978-3-319-00867-7_20 |
2014-01-01 | In this chapter useful tables containing data of thermal contraction below room temperature of several materials, most of them used in cryogenic applications, are reported together with the coefficient of thermal expansion at 293 K. The values of thermal contraction are referred at the length of the sample at 293 K. | Data of Thermal Expansion | 10.1007/978-94-017-8969-1_6 |
2014-01-01 | Interrelation between the height and productivity of willow tundra, and activation of cryogenic landsliding is discussed. Cryogenic landslides on saline marine sediments in Typical tundra subzone of the Yamal Peninsula show specific features. Landslide process causes desalinization of marine sediments and enriches the ... |
Study of Plant-Soil-Permafrost System on Landslide-Affected Slopes Using Geochemical Methods on Yamal, Russia | 10.1007/978-3-319-04996-0_80 |
2014-01-01 | Natural conditions along the route of the arterial gravity-flow Tuora-Kyuel’ – Tatta Canal in Central Yakutia are examined. Characteristics of the grain-size distribution and cryogenic structure of the frozen soils, and the velocity of the water flow are isolated for prediction of washout (thermal erosion). | Cryogenic structure of frozen soils and thermal erosion in zone of arterial canal | 10.1007/s10749-014-0446-5 |
2014-01-01 | Active layer detachment slides of different age were examined in the Central part of Yamal peninsula (West Siberian Arctic) in the subzone of northern hypoarctic tundra. Plant communities on the shear surface, on displaced blocks with preserved but degrading initial tundra vegetation and on undisturbed surroundings wer... |
Dynamics of Vegetation on Cryogenic Landslides of Different Age in Central Yamal (West Siberian Arctic) | 10.1007/978-3-319-04996-0_73 |
2014-01-01 | Our picture of the universe, we could argue, is much more advanced than that of our ancestor’s model of the universe. However, our simulations can crumble when we learn about the unknown. Among those unknowns in our universe are two constituents that make our understanding of the universe as fragile as that of our prec... | Dark Forces in the Universe | 10.1007/978-3-319-01887-4_6 |
2014-01-01 | Improved adsorbent types and compositions have been developed for the challenging separation of the ortho - and para -hydrogen spin isomers at 77 K. From a systematic study of commercially available adsorbent types, it has been found that zeolites of type X offer the largest capacity and selectivity towards ortho -hydr... | Advanced adsorbents for the separation of the ortho- and para-hydrogen spin isomers at cryogenic temperatures | 10.1007/s10450-013-9561-0 |
2014-01-01 | The paper is discussing the theory of cryogenic landslides. Suggested is classification of cryogenic landslides based on several attributes: mechanisms, specific landforms, and other manifestations of landsliding characteristic of the Arctic plains of Russia. The theory results from long-term field study at research st... |
Cryogenic Landslides in the Arctic Plains of Russia: Classification, Mechanisms, and Landforms | 10.1007/978-3-319-04996-0_75 |
2014-01-01 | One of the topical issues arising due to the development of natural resources and the climate change in the Arctic Region is the prediction of ecosystems’ dynamics, based on the study of tundra biota response to the different natural and anthropogenic impacts. The cryogenic landslides’ process appears to be one of the ... |
Vegetation Dynamics of Landslide Affected Slopes (Central Yamal) | 10.1007/978-3-319-04996-0_68 |
2014-01-01 | A series of reciprocating wear tests were performed on the deep cryogenically treated and conventionally heat-treated samples of 100Cr6 bearing steel to study the wear resistance. The worn surfaces as well as the wear debris were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The improvement in wear resistance of the deep c... | Influence of cryogenic treatment on the wear characteristics of 100Cr6 bearing steel | 10.1007/s12613-014-0863-3 |
2014-01-01 | Successful development of amorphous solid dispersion formulations depends on three primary factors: active pharmaceutical ingredient properties, stabilizing polymer, and the processing technology. Polymer provides the fundamental framework for stabilizing the amorphous form and the process supplies the energy required ... | Overview of Amorphous Solid Dispersion Technologies | 10.1007/978-1-4939-1598-9_3 |
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