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2012-06-01 | The Q/U Imaging ExperimenT (QUIET) consists of a pair of radiometer arrays designed to measure the B-mode polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) at 44 GHz (Q-band) and 95 GHz (W-band) with 19 and 90 modules at each frequency. The architecture of both arrays is based on miniaturized coherent polarimeters ... | QUIET Coherent Polarimeter Modules | 10.1007/s10909-012-0467-0 |
2012-05-01 | The ideal X-ray camera for astrophysics would have more than a million pixels and provide an energy resolution of better than 1 eV FWHM for energies up to 10 keV. We have microfabricated and characterized thin-film magnetic penetration thermometers (MPTs) that show great promise towards meeting these capabilities. MPTs... | Performance of Magnetic Penetration Thermometers for X-ray Astronomy | 10.1007/s10909-012-0516-8 |
2012-05-01 | We are investigating possible technical solutions to minimize the instrumental non X-ray background (NXB) of the X-ray Micro-calorimeter Spectrometer (XMS) for the ATHENA space mission. In the proposed design, XMS will be provided with an anti-coincidence system in order to reject most of the X-ray-like events produced... |
Kapton Polymeric Films to Shield X-Ray Detectors in Orbit | 10.1007/s10909-012-0523-9 |
2012-05-01 | We have built a versatile, compact ^3He test facility to evaluate high-purity Ge (HPGe) SuperCDMS (Cryogenic Dark Matter Search) detectors. We are able to rapidly identify photolithographic or other defects in the thousands of W-Al transition edge sensors (TESs) on each detector and to evaluate the performance of the u... | Temperature Dependent I–V and Resistance Characterization of SuperCDMS Germanium Crystals | 10.1007/s10909-011-0449-7 |
2012-05-01 | We report the recent progress on high resolution alpha spectrometers that use metallic magnetic calorimeters. The detector is composed of a meander-type magnetic calorimeter and a gold-foil absorber. The thermal connection between the magnetic sensor and the absorber consists of annealed gold wires. The signal rise tim... | High Energy Resolution Cryogenic Alpha Spectrometers Using Magnetic Calorimeters | 10.1007/s10909-012-0539-1 |
2012-05-01 | The next generation of Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) instruments is dedicated to the detection of CMB B-modes. Instruments like QUBIC (QU Bolometric Interferometer for Cosmology) need components with state of the art properties at high frequency (>90 GHz) to minimise instrumental systematic effects. The Orthogonal ... | W-Band Superconducting Planar Orthogonal Mode Transducer Characterisation | 10.1007/s10909-012-0513-y |
2012-05-01 | A novel type of absorber, dedicated to cryogenic detectors, was conceived to reach a high and constant intrinsic detection efficiency (>98%) for up to 25 keV X-ray photons. The absorber consists of two layers having a different atomic number Z . The role of the first layer (large Z ) is to make negligible the transmi... | A Novel Type of Absorber Presenting a Constant Detection Efficiency for up to 25 keV X-Ray Photons | 10.1007/s10909-012-0537-3 |
2012-05-01 | There is a growing interest in cryogenic calorimeters with macroscopic absorbers for applications such as dark matter direct detection and rare event search experiments. The physics of energy transport in calorimeters with absorber masses exceeding several grams is made complex by the anisotropic nature of the absorber... | Monte Carlo Simulation of Massive Absorbers for Cryogenic Calorimeters | 10.1007/s10909-012-0480-3 |
2012-05-01 | Transition edge sensors (TES) are the chosen detector technology for the SAFARI imaging spectrometer on the SPICA telescope. The TES are required to have an NEP of $2\mbox{--}3\times 10^{-19}~\mbox{W/}\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$ to take full advantage of the cooled mirror. SRON has developed TiAu TES bolometers for the short w... | Distributed TES Model for Designing Low Noise Bolometers Approaching SAFARI Instrument Requirements | 10.1007/s10909-012-0550-6 |
2012-05-01 | Magnetic calorimeters have been under development for over 20 years targeting a wide variety of different applications that require very high resolution spectroscopy. They have a number of properties that distinguish them from other low temperature detectors. In this paper we review these properties and emphasize the t... | Magnetically Coupled Microcalorimeters | 10.1007/s10909-012-0544-4 |
2012-05-01 | A superconducting 119-pole wiggler with a 2.1-T operating field and 30-mm period length, which is intended for use at the ALBA Synchrotron Light Facility (SLF), Barcelona, Spain, has been designed and manufactured at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Rus... | Superconducting 119-pole wiggler with a 2.1-T field and 30-mm period length for the ALBA storage ring | 10.1134/S1027451012050199 |
2012-05-01 | Poly(vinyl alcohol) cryogels are obtained and investigated. The cryogels are prepared by freezing an initial polymer solution (100 g/L) at chilling rates of 1.85, 0.3, 0.03, or 0.003°C/min followed by defrosting the frozen (−20°C/12 h) preparations at heating rates of 0.3, 0.03, or 0.003°C/min. It is shown that a notic... | Study of cryostructuring of polymer systems. 33. Effect of rate of chilling aqueous poly(vinyl alcohol) solutions during their freezing on physicochemical properties and porous structure of resulting cryogels | 10.1134/S1061933X12030088 |
2012-04-01 | In this study, performance of cryogenically treated M35 high speed steel (HSS) twist drills in drilling of AISI 304 and 316 stainless steels was evaluated in terms of thrust force, surface roughness, tool wear, tool life, and chip formation. To present the differences in tool performance between untreated and treated d... | Performance of cryogenically treated M35 HSS drills in drilling of austenitic stainless steels | 10.1007/s00170-011-3616-8 |
2012-04-01 | We report on a simple, rapid, and efficient method for the extraction of volatile organic compounds (VOCs; including methanol, tetrahydrofuran, 2-hexanone and benzene) from air and solid samples. The system is based on the use of a laboratory-made syringe as the extractor. The needle of the syringe is placed in a chamb... | Sorbentless cryogenic needle trap device for the extraction of organic volatile compounds | 10.1007/s00604-011-0753-6 |
2012-03-01 | The effect of cryogenic thermocycling treatment on the microstructure, mechanical and cryogenic properties of alloy Mg – 9% Al – 0.9% Zn (AZ91) is studied. Thermocycling in the cryogenic range causes a change in the content and distribution of particles of segregations, which is responsible for improvement of the mecha... | Effect of cryogenic thermocycling treatment on the structure and properties of magnesium alloy AZ91 | 10.1007/s11041-012-9439-x |
2012-03-01 | The use of superalloy Inconel 718 is increasing in most of the sophisticated applications like aircraft engines, industrial gas turbines, rocket engines, space vehicles, submarines, etc. Hence, in-depth understanding of this material helps to determine the ability of this material to withstand severe conditions of stre... | Effect of cutting parameters on the degree of work hardening and tool life during high-speed machining of Inconel 718 | 10.1007/s00170-011-3529-6 |
2012-02-01 | Pedosediments of the Mikulino interglacial paleosol contain information about the Early Valdai cooling. For the periglacial zone of the East European Plain, this period correlating with marine oxygen-isotope stage (MIS) 5d has not been separately distinguished in the known national stratigraphic schemes by the Committe... | Textures and micromorphology of the early Valdai pedosediments and their importance for the reconstruction of the natural conditions in the period of the first Post-Mikulino cooling (MIS 5d) | 10.1134/S1064229312020111 |
2012-02-01 | The effect of refined precipitations and dispersed phases on the toughness of SS400 steel was investigated by rapid tempering with thermomechanical simulation tester, and the electromagnetic induction rapid tempering process was simulated. The conventional tempering and rapid tempering process were proceeded respective... | High Temperature Rapid Tempering Process of SS400 Steel With Thermomechanical Simulation Tester | 10.1016/S1006-706X(12)60058-2 |
2012-01-01 | This paper aims to present the metallurgical and mechanical characterization of cryogenically treated tungsten carbide (WC–Co) in terms of α-, β-, γ-, and η-phase particles and wear behavior, respectively. The specimens of commercially available uncoated WC–Co in the form of round turning inserts were procured and subj... | Metallurgical and mechanical characteristics of cryogenically treated tungsten carbide (WC–Co) | 10.1007/s00170-011-3369-4 |
2012-01-01 | The mechanical behaviour of soil is strongly affected by presence of ice. A constitutive model that incorporates the effect of cryogenic suction and temperature to reproduce the changes in volume, stiffness and strength observed in frozen soils is presented in this work. The model is based on the well know Barcelona Ba... | Mechanical Modeling of Frozen Soils Incorporating the Effect of Cryogenic Suction and Temperature | 10.1007/978-3-642-31343-1_20 |
2012-01-01 | Characteristic properties of melt water are formed in course of transformation of its molecular structure in the process of its natural crystallization and subsequent thawing of ice. Melt water is a natural cryogenic resource, which plays a crucial role in the life on the Earth and in the global water resource manageme... | Melt water as a cryogenic resource of the planet | 10.1134/S1875372812010039 |
2012-01-01 | The fire on Mount Parnassus that gave rise to the temple of the Oracle of Delphi was not the only spontaneous outflow of natural gas known to the Ancient World. People in ancient India, Persia and China knew about these fen fires, and there they also used to attribute them to supernatural causes, at least until 500 BC,... | The Sacred Fire | 10.1007/978-88-470-2478-6_6 |
2012-01-01 | In order to capture sample preparation images inside a ^3He cryostat via a fibre-optics bundle, a low-temperature white light source was required. High-intensity white LEDs were thus characterized by studying I ( V ) curves and extracting forward voltage drops and operating temperatures at 77 K, 40 K and ∼6 K. Four mod... | Characterization of White LEDs at Cryogenic (4 K) Temperatures | 10.1007/s10909-011-0415-4 |
2012-01-01 | Industrial gases may actually be used as gases, liquids, or cryogenic liquids. Industrial users generally accept them as those gases used primarily in their pure form in large quantities. Most of the gases we consider to be industrial gases have been in use for many years. Processes for the cryogenic separation of the ... | Industrial Gases | 10.1007/978-1-4614-4259-2_27 |
2012-01-01 | The acclivitious rise in fuel costs and taxation burden have significantly triggered the scientific community to make substantial changes in the pattern of using renewable energy sources. Gases arising from anaerobic digesters and landfills are widely used as fuel to produce electricity, drive pumps and fire boilers. B... | Biogas Technologies and Cleaning Techniques | 10.1007/978-94-007-2439-6_9 |
2012-01-01 | It is possible to eliminate the cutting fluids totally in machining. Dry machining refers to machining without using cutting fluids. In this chapter, advantages and limitation of dry machining are described. Technological requirement for dry machining are elaborated. | Dry Machining | 10.1007/978-1-4614-2308-9_3 |
2012-01-01 | High Purity Germanium (HPGe) Detectors are the gold-standard sensor for nuclear spectroscopy applications. In order to make spectroscopic measurements, the detectors must be maintained at cryogenic temperatures. Cryogenic temperatures can be achieved using either liquid nitrogen or piston driven cryocoolers. Because of... | Embedded Active Vibration Cancellation of a Piston-Driven Cryocooler for Nuclear Spectroscopy Applications | 10.1007/978-1-4614-2425-3_34 |
2012-01-01 | Cryogenic detectors have been important tools in many aspects of science because their sensitivities can provide more than extreme limits of conventional semiconductor based detectors. The sensor developments in cryogenic particle detection are based on the precise measurement of noble properties of condensed matter in... | Introduction to Quantum Sensors in Cryogenic Particle Detection | 10.1007/978-94-007-3965-9_23 |
2012-01-01 | China’s High-speed steel cutting tools hold a considerable share in the global market. However, the overproduction of low-end HSS tools causes serious resource waste and low efficiency, which has become one of the major problems in the tool industry in China. So a new Surface Modification technology is developed, which... | Effect of cryogenic and QPQ compound treatment on the microstructures and performance of high speed steel | 10.3901/CJME.2012.01.184 |
2012-01-01 | This paper presents an innovative prognostics model based on health state probability estimation embedded in the closed loop diagnostic and prognostic system. To employ an appropriate classifier for health state probability estimation in the proposed prognostic model, the comparative intelligent diagnostic tests were c... | Integrated Approach for HP-LNG Pump Diagnostics and Prognostics Based on Health State Probability Estimation | 10.1007/978-0-85729-493-7_36 |
2012-01-01 | After a short review of the history toward high-energy superconducting (SC) accelerators for ion beam therapy (IBT), an overview is given on material properties and technical developments enabling to use SC components in a medical accelerator for full body cancer treatment. The design concept and the assembly of a comm... | Advantages and Challenges of Superconducting Accelerators | 10.1007/978-3-642-21414-1_23 |
2012-01-01 | In addition to the morphostructures and climatic conditions, landform evolution on the territory of Slovakia has been heavily influenced by the history of human settlement. Human impact on geomorphic processes has a longer history in the sub-Carpathian lowlands (embracing millennia) than in the Carpathian mountains (m... | Recent Landform Evolution in Slovakia | 10.1007/978-94-007-2448-8_7 |
2012-01-01 | The effect of deep cryogenic treatment on the mechanical properties of 80CrMo12 5 tool steel was investigated. Moreover, the effects of stabilization (holding at room temperature for some periods before deep cryogenic treatment) and tempering before deep cryogenic treatment were studied. The results show that deep cryo... | Effect of deep cryogenic treatment on the properties of 80CrMo12 5 tool steel | 10.1007/s12613-012-0511-8 |
2011-12-01 | A single-longitudinal-mode (SLM) operation of a c-cut 1 mm Tm(5%), Ho(0.3%):YAP micro-chip laser pumped by a fiber-coupled diode-laser was reported. Under cryogenic temperature, the output power of 216 mW was obtained under the incident power of 2230 mW, corresponding to the slope efficiency was 13.6%. As much as 133 m... | Diode pumped operation of 1 mm Tm,Ho:YAP microchip laser | 10.1134/S1054660X11210298 |
2011-12-01 | Grinding of low-carbon steel often exhibits severe wheel loading due to the formation of long chips and high adhering tendency of the work material with the grits. Conventional composite-type alumina wheels are commercially utilised for grinding low-carbon steel. However, the actual nature of grit wear cannot be truly ... | On the grindability of low-carbon steel under dry, cryogenic and neat oil environments with monolayer brazed cBN and alumina wheels | 10.1007/s00170-011-3341-3 |
2011-12-01 | Purpose To investigate the effect of cryogrinding on chemical stability of the diuretic agent furosemide and its mixtures with selected excipients. Methods Furosemide was ground at liquid nitrogen temperature for 30, 60, 120 and 180 min. Mixtures of furosemide-PVP and furosemide-inulin (1:1) were milled under cryogenic... | Effect of Cryogrinding on Chemical Stability of the Sparingly Water-Soluble Drug Furosemide | 10.1007/s11095-011-0496-4 |
2011-12-01 | The thermal diffusion coefficient, heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and thermal expansion coefficient of Cu_76.12Al_23.88 alloy before and after cryogenic treatment in the heating temperature range of 25°C to 600°C were measured by thermal constant tester and thermal expansion instrument. The effects of cryogenic t... | Effects of cryogenic treatment on the thermal physical properties of Cu_76.12Al_23.88 alloy | 10.1007/s12598-011-0443-x |
2011-12-01 | Successful modeling and/or design of engineering systems often requires one to address the impact of multiple “design variables” on the prescribed outcome. There are often multiple, competing objectives based on which we assess the outcome of optimization. Since accurate, high fidelity models are typically time consumi... | Surrogate-based modeling and dimension reduction techniques for multi-scale mechanics problems | 10.1007/s10409-011-0522-0 |
2011-12-01 | The National Measurement Institute of Australia (NMIA) has developed a vacuum cryostat capable of calibrating precision electronic thermometers with a transfer error less than 2 mK over the range from −202 °C to 250 °C. The calibration of precision temperature measurement probes such as platinum resistance thermometers... | A Cryostat for Automated mK-Level Thermometer Calibrations from −202 °C to 250 °C | 10.1007/s10765-011-1125-5 |
2011-11-01 | Induced capillary breakdown of solid and hollow jets of molten metals, alloys, and salts with a melting temperature up to 1600°C is studied by experiment. Granulation technology is developed and specimens of solid and hollow monodispersed granules are obtained. Granules of lead and rare-earth metals have found applicat... | Preparation of monodispersed spherical granules from different metals | 10.1007/s11015-011-9461-z |
2011-11-01 | The development of high power cryogenic targets for use in parity violating electron scattering has been a crucial ingredient in the success of those experiments. As we chase the precision frontier, the demands and requirements for these targets have grown accordingly. We discuss the state of the art, and describe rece... | High power cryogenic targets | 10.1007/s10751-011-0292-x |
2011-11-01 | We report vibrational predissociation spectra of the four protonated dipeptides derived from glycine and sarcosine, GlyGlyH^+•(H_2)_1,2, GlySarH^+•(D_2)_2, SarGlyH^+•(H_2)_2, and SarSarH^+•(D_2)_2, generated in a cryogenic ion trap. Sharp bands were recovered by monitoring photoevaporation of the weakly bound H_2 (D_2)... | Characterizing the Intramolecular H-bond and Secondary Structure in Methylated GlyGlyH^+ with H_2 Predissociation Spectroscopy | 10.1007/s13361-011-0228-3 |
2011-11-01 | X-ray crystallography using synchrotron radiation and the technique of dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) require samples to be kept at temperatures below 100 K. Protein dynamics are poorly understood below the freezing point of water and down to liquid nitrogen temperatures. Therefo... | Cryogenic temperature effects and resolution upon slow cooling of protein preparations in solid state NMR | 10.1007/s10858-011-9535-z |
2011-11-01 | Various conditions of heat treatment of low-alloy pearlitic steels, medium-alloy martensitic and pearlitic-martensitic steels, and high-alloy ledeburitic roll steels are studied. Practical recommendations for increasing the quality of roll tools are developed. They consist of the application of cyclic heat treatment, i... | Methods for increasing the service durability of cold rolling mill rolls | 10.1134/S0036029511110103 |
2011-11-01 | We report on matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE) transfer of intact and functional protein molecules from a cryogenic aliquot obtained by freezing a protein-saline buffer solution. Vitronectin (Vn), an extracellular matrix protein with distinctive active domains for cell attachment and signalization, was e... | Thin films of vitronectin transferred by MAPLE | 10.1007/s00339-011-6601-z |
2011-11-01 | In the present work, the performance of cubic boron nitride (CBN) inserts was compared with coated carbide and cryogenically treated coated/uncoated carbide inserts in terms of flank wear, surface roughness, white layer formation, and microhardness variation under dry cutting conditions for finish turning of hardened A... | Performance evaluation of CBN, coated carbide, cryogenically treated uncoated/coated carbide inserts in finish-turning of hardened steel | 10.1007/s00170-011-3320-8 |
2011-10-01 | The processes that proceed in hard alloys under the action of ionizing radiation were studied after cryogenic treatment. Acoustic emission due to the liberation of the energy stored in a lattice was shown to occur upon the irradiation of hard alloys. The nondestructive testing of hard alloys was shown to allow the pred... | Radiation nondestructive testing of structural modifications of hard alloys after cryogenic treatment | 10.1134/S106183091110010X |
2011-10-01 | The cryogenic ground support equipment (CGSE) is an important part of Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer-02 (AMS-02) experiment which is a particle physics experiment. CGSE is used to cool down the superconducting magnet of AMS-02 to its operating temperature of 1.8K and to fill the magnet helium tank with superfluid helium. ... | Control system design and test for cryogenic ground support equipment | 10.1007/s12204-011-1185-5 |
2011-09-01 | Seat tightness at the fully shut position should be a consideration in the development of a butterfly valve for use in a liquefied natural gas (LNG) vessel. A flexible solid metal seal offers sufficient tightness of the butterfly valve and meets the specifications for cryogenic temperature. In the present study, charac... | Investigation of the mechanical behavior of a flexible solid metal seal for a cryogenic butterfly valve | 10.1007/s12206-011-0534-5 |
2011-09-01 | The influence of cryogenic treatment on the wear resistance of En 19 steel was studied. Furthermore, a comparative analysis on the effect of Deep Cryogenic Treatment (DCT, —196 ’C ×24 h), Shallow Cryogenic Treatment (SCT, —80 °C×5 h) and Conventional Heat Treatment (CHT) was done through dry sliding wear testing. The m... | Influence of Shallow and Deep Cryogenic Treatment on Tribological Behavior of En 19 Steel | 10.1016/S1006-706X(12)60034-X |
2011-08-01 | Background Since the advent of the human genome, the era of personalized genomic medicine is indisputably in progress. Methods In an effort to contribute to the evolving knowledge of genomic medicine, we have aimed directly at building a bioresource bank for hepatocellular carcinoma. This tumor bank is based on the rig... | A Primer on a Hepatocellular Carcinoma Bioresource Bank Using the Cancer Genome Atlas Guidelines: Practical Issues and Pitfalls | 10.1007/s00268-010-0953-y |
2011-07-01 | In the past few years, polymer-based adsorbents have been emerging as highly effective alternatives to activated carbons for pollutants removal and recovery from industrial effluents. In this article, novel thermosensitive poly( N -isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) cryogels adsorbents were directly prepared with N -isopro... | Temperature swing adsorption of melamine on thermosensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) cryogels | 10.1007/s10853-011-5392-0 |
2011-07-01 | A hybrid ion mobility-mass spectrometer (IM-MS) incorporating a variable-temperature (80–400 K) drift tube is presented. The instrument utilizes an electron ionization (EI) source for fundamental small molecule studies. Ions are transferred to the IM-MS analyzer stages through a quadrupole, which can operate in either ... | A Mass-Selective Variable-Temperature Drift Tube Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometer for Temperature Dependent Ion Mobility Studies | 10.1007/s13361-011-0148-2 |
2011-06-01 | We report on experimental investigations of acoustic emission by quartz tuning forks resonating at frequencies 32 kHz, 38 kHz, 77 kHz and 100 kHz immersed in cold gaseous ^4He and its normal and superfluid liquid phases. Frequency dependence of the observed low-drive-linewidth at 350 mK together with the temperature an... | Acoustic Emission by Quartz Tuning Forks and Other Oscillating Structures in Cryogenic ^4He Fluids | 10.1007/s10909-011-0353-1 |
2011-06-01 | Objectives The objective of this work was to determine the dynamics of maximal anaerobic power (MAP) of the lower limbs, following a single whole body cryostimulation treatment (WBC), in relation to the temperature of thigh muscles. Materials and Methods The subjects included 15 men and 15 women with an average age (±S... | The influence of single whole body cryostimulation treatment on the dynamics and the level of maximal anaerobic power | 10.2478/s13382-011-0017-z |
2011-05-01 | A Bi-15 at.%Sb alloy, homogenized by equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) at T = 523 K, has been treated just above its solidus temperature, causing segregation of a secondary Bi-rich phase at the grain boundaries. This process results in an in situ composite. The thermoelectric properties of the composite have been... | Thermoelectric Properties of In Situ Formed Bi_0.85Sb_0.15/Bi-Rich Particles Composite | 10.1007/s11664-010-1450-7 |
2011-05-01 | The DAΦNE electron–positron collider at the Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati of INFN has made available a unique quality low-energy negative kaons “beam”. The SIDDHARTA experiment used this beam to perform unprecedented precision measurements on kaonic atoms, while the AMADEUS experiment plans to perform in the coming ... | Low-Energy Kaon–Nucleon/Nuclei Interaction Studies at DAΦNE (SIDDHARTA and AMADEUS Experiments) | 10.1007/s00601-010-0184-7 |
2011-05-01 | Mechanical properties of quenching, intercritical quenching and tempering (QLT) treated steel containing Ni of 9% were evaluated from specimens subject to various tempering temperatures. The detailed microstructures of steel containing Ni of 9% at different tempering temperatures were observed by optical microscope (OM... | Effect of Tempering Temperature on Microstrueture and Mechanical Properties of Steel Containing Ni of 9 % | 10.1016/S1006-706X(11)60064-2 |
2011-05-01 | Force, deformation, velocity, energy, and other criteria of limiting states at low-temperature serrated yield of metals are examined. The feasibility of their use for setting norms and standards of strength and mechanical tests is demonstrated. | Strain instability in metals at cryogenic temperatures and potentials of practical application | 10.1007/s11223-011-9294-9 |
2011-05-01 | The method of automatic analysis of patterns of electron back-scatter diffraction (EBSD) is used to study the efficiency of different variants of cryogenic deformation for obtaining a nanocrystalline (NC) structure in technically pure copper. Deformation at the temperature of liquid nitrogen has caused considerable ref... | Refining of grains in copper by means of cryogenic deformation | 10.1007/s11041-011-9348-4 |
2011-05-01 | N ovel single-photon detectors, called Charge-sensitive Infrared Phototransistor (CSIP), have been developed in the long wavelength infrared (LWIR) range. The devices are fabricated in GaAs/AlGaAs double-quantum-well (DQW) structure, and do not require ultralow temperatures ( T < 1 K) for operation. Figures of merit a... | Temperature Dependence of Novel Single-Photon Detectors in the Long-Wavelength Infrared Range | 10.1007/s10762-010-9659-3 |
2011-05-01 | The organization of the Electromagnetic Research Center in Troitsk, based on a 2-GeV electron accelerator with a continuous high-intensity electron beam developed on the basis of cryogenic HF structures, is justified. Production of energy-labeled short-lived mesons is discussed. The main line of research is the study o... | Prospects of the study of the nuclear and electromagnetic interactions of hadrons in the 2-GeV electron accelerator beam | 10.3103/S1068335611050046 |
2011-04-01 | Single-wave length operation of a c-cut Tm (5%), Ho (0.3%):YAP microchip laser pumped by a fiber-coup led diode-laser was reported. Under cryogenic temperature, the output power of 188 mW was obtained under the incident power of 2230 mW, corresponding to the slope efficiency was 12.2%. As much as 168 mW output and slop... | Diode pumped operation of tm, Ho:YAP microchip laser | 10.1134/S1054660X11070358 |
2011-04-01 | Macroporous viscoelastic poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) cryogels were prepared from aqueous PVA solutions containing additives (0–1.2 mol/l) of alkali metal chlorides (LiCl, NaCl, KCl, CsCl) by cryogenic treatment (freezing at −20°C for 12 h and subsequent thawing at a rate of 0.03°C/min). Shear moduli and fusion temperatur... | Study of cryostructuring of polymer systems: 31. Effect of additives of alkali metal chlorides on physicochemical properties and morphology of poly(vinyl alcohol) cryogels | 10.1134/S1061933X11020086 |
2011-04-01 | The cryogenic treatment of tool steels has transformed over centuries from black art to science, but the metallurgical principles responsible for increase in wear resistance, tensile strength, toughness, and stability are still disputed. Metallurgists comprehend how tool steels respond to cryogenic treatment, but they ... | Metallurgical principles of cryogenically treated tool steels—a review on the current state of science | 10.1007/s00170-010-2935-5 |
2011-04-01 | The developed dislocation structure that forms during cryorolling of a D16 alloy is found to be retained after short-term heating to 200°C. At higher temperatures, it undergoes recovery and recrystallization with the formation and growth of nanograins. Rolling intensify the decomposition of a preliminarily supersaturat... | Microstructure and properties of an aluminum D16 alloy subjected to cryogenic rolling | 10.1134/S0036029511040136 |
2011-01-01 | Improved functional performance and longer service life of biomedical products offer great sustainability benefits. Surface integrity, which can be modified by severe plastic deformation (SPD) processes, affects the functional performance of materials. Two SPD processes – burnishing and machining – were studied under c... | Cryogenic Processing of Biomaterials for Improved Surface Integrity and Product Sustainability | 10.1007/978-3-642-20183-7_26 |
2011-01-01 | This document is part of Part 2 'Principles and Methods' of Subvolume B 'Detectors for Particles and Radiation' of Volume 21 'Elementary Particles' of Landolt-Börnstein - Group I 'Elementary Particles, Nuclei and Atoms'. It contains the Section '6.4 Cryogenic Detectors' of Chapter '6 Detectors for Special Applications'... | Cryogenic Detectors | 10.1007/978-3-642-14142-3_5 |
2011-01-01 | The storage of the different microorganisms over long periods is necessary to ensure reproducible results and continuity in research and in biomedical processes and also for commercial purposes. Effective storage means that a microorganism is maintained in a viable state free of contamination or genetic drift and must ... | Collection and Preservation of Frozen Microorganisms | 10.1007/978-1-59745-423-0_18 |
2011-01-01 | The realization of the triple points of the cryogenic gases hydrogen, neon, oxygen, and argon as temperature fixed points at the highest level of accuracy requires consideration of the special properties of these fixed-point substances, as done in a general measurement protocol published elsewhere. The protocol is appl... | Improved Thermal Model for the Realization of the Triple Points of Cryogenic Gases as Temperature Fixed Points | 10.1007/s10765-011-0935-9 |
2011-01-01 | The main stages of the development of frontal polymerization are presented. The processes taking place at cryogenic temperatures, under high (up to 5 kbar) pressures and usual conditions, when the polymerization is performed in glass ampoules without excessive pressure, are discussed. Depending on the Semenov parameter... | Advances and problems of frontal polymerization processes | 10.1134/S207997801101002X |
2011-01-01 | In this paper we present an investigation into several strain sensing technologies that are being considered to monitor mechanical deformation within the steel reinforcement shells used in high field pulsed magnets. Such systems generally operate at cryogenic temperatures to mitigate heating issues that are inherent in... | Strain Sensors for High Field Pulse Magnets | 10.1007/978-1-4419-9834-7_138 |
2011-01-01 | The shock compression experiment of liquid helium is an available way to gain properties of specimen at high temperatures and pressures. Based on Fluent, a thermal insulation analysis and design of a liquid helium temperature target in the environment condition of 100 Pa for shock compression experiment is performed. T... | A liquid helium temperature target with a 10 K vapor shield for shock compression experiment in the environment condition of 100 Pa | 10.1007/s11434-010-3136-1 |
2011-01-01 | An overview of the parameters of a large number of sealed triple-point cells for the cryogenic gases hydrogen, oxygen, neon, and argon is given that have been determined within the framework of an international star intercomparison to optimize the measurement of melting curves as well as to establish complete and relia... | Investigation of the Parameters of Sealed Triple-Point Cells for Cryogenic Gases | 10.1007/s10765-010-0883-9 |
2010-12-01 | By analyzing experimental data, the lowest modes that are responsible for pyroelectricity in DKDP single crystals (87.3 and 201.6 cm^−1) and in PZT-40 ferroelectric ceramics (20.7, 54.75, and 171.3 cm^−1) are determined. A set of physical mechanisms that occur in real polar dielectrics that are piroelectrically active ... | On the pyroelectricity of DKDP single crystals and PZT-40 ceramics at 1.5–30 K | 10.3103/S0027134910060147 |
2010-10-01 | Capillary driven surface oscillations of liquid argon (T_sat = 87.3 K at 1,013 hPa) have been investigated in a partly filled right circular cylinder under non-isothermal boundary conditions. The oscillations take place during the reorientation from the normal gravity surface position towards a new position upon step r... | Drop Tower Experiments on Non-isothermal Reorientation of Cryogenic Liquids | 10.1007/s12217-010-9237-2 |
2010-10-01 | A new method was used to analyze the factors affecting the precipitation of reversed austenite during tempering. The samples were kept at various tempering temperatures for 10 min and their length changes were recorded. Then, the precipitation of reversed austenite which led to the length reduction was shown by thermal... | Precipitation and stability of reversed austenite in 9Ni steel | 10.1007/s12613-010-0361-1 |
2010-10-01 | The methods developed at the Pisarenko Institute of Problems of Strength of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine for determining the allowable stresses for structural elements operating at cryogenic temperatures are considered. The methods make it possible to take into account the effect of the low-temperature h... | On the selection of allowable stresses in the strength analysis of structures for cryogenic applications | 10.1007/s11223-010-9244-y |
2010-10-01 | The influence of rolling at a liquid-nitrogen temperature on the microstructure of commercially pure copper has been investigated by the methods of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and automated analysis of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) patterns. It has been established that the process of the structure... | Effect of low-temperature rolling on the structure of copper | 10.1134/S0031918X10100029 |
2010-09-01 | Following the practical impossibility to obtain new precision Rh–0.5 at%Fe thermometers over the past years, re-starting the commercial production of such thermometers in Yunnan (China) was explored by INRIM in cooperation with NIM and with the help of INTiBS for prototype characterization. The present aim is to obtain... | Development of Precision Rh–0.5 at%Fe Thermometers of Chinese Production: Further Tests | 10.1007/s10765-010-0829-2 |
2010-09-01 | The effect of magnetic fields on martensitic transformation in austenitic steels and alloys at low temperatures is studied. Under specific conditions magnetic fields can initiate the appearance of martensite in austenitic alloys or increase its content in steels with austenitic-martensitic structure. This causes change... | Special features of the effect of magnetic fields on the γ → α transformation in steels and alloys at low temperatures | 10.1007/s11041-010-9245-2 |
2010-09-01 | Waste polymer materials were analyzed by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). The concentrations of 35 elements were determined by using different types of external standards, namely glass and polyethylene (PE) based. Prior to the LA-ICP-MS analysis of determined elements, Na and/or ... | LA-ICP-MS analysis of waste polymer materials | 10.1007/s00216-010-3963-6 |
2010-09-01 | Cyanide-free Au plating baths, containing KAuCl_4, triammonium citrate, and sodium sulfite, have been developed by the authors. The stability of these solutions depends on the order of mixing of the additives. The aim of this study was to employ turbidity measurements and cryogenic x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS... | A Cryo-XPS Study of Triammonium Citrate-KAuCl_4-Na_2SO_3 Electroplating Solutions for Pb-Free Solder Packaging | 10.1007/s11664-010-1273-6 |
2010-09-01 | Nano-powder of a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) ceramic with a spinel structure of Mn–Ni–Cu–Co–La–O composition was prepared by the Pechini method. A type of NTC thermistor sensor (3.0 mm diameter × 1.5 mm high) was designed by the in situ lead wire attachment method (ISAM) and made using the synthesized powder... | Construction and Characterization of NTC Thermistors at Low Temperature | 10.1007/s10765-010-0790-0 |
2010-09-01 | Following the start of exploration of the problem of the effect of neon isotopes on the triple-point temperature in 2005, further progress was achieved in 2006–2008, and published in 2008. This paper summarizes the advances to date in our understanding as obtained from further work done in 2008–2009 on five basic aspec... | Further Progress Toward the Determination of T
_tp−x(^22Ne) | 10.1007/s10765-010-0817-6 |
2010-09-01 | We calculate the concentration of plasma and gas-temperature components in a contracted filament of a glow capillary discharge ( R = 0.75 mm) in xenon for pressures of P = 100 and 400 Torr and currents of I = 6–15 mA for cases of with and without cryogenic cooling of the discharge. We find that the gas temperature in t... | Calculation of the parameters of excimer light sources on the basis of a positive column glow discharge | 10.1134/S0030400X10090237 |
2010-09-01 | Using a new brand of commercially available carbon resistor we built a cryogenic thermometer with an extremely good thermal contact to its thermal environment. Because of its superior thermal contact the thermometer is insensitive to low levels of spurious radio frequency heating. We calibrated our thermometer down to ... | A New Type of Carbon Resistance Thermometer with Excellent Thermal Contact at Millikelvin Temperatures | 10.1007/s10909-010-0192-5 |
2010-09-01 | The defects and properties of a precipitation hardening Al–Cu alloy 2017 were studied after rolling at room temperature (RT) and cryogenic (liquid N_2) temperature (CT). It is found that CT rolling produced practically the same hardness as RT rolling for a wide range of rolling strains. However, electrical resistivity ... | Effect of rolling temperature on the evolution of defects and properties of an Al–Cu alloy | 10.1007/s10853-010-4484-6 |
2010-09-01 | The effects of deformation temperatures and post-deformation annealing on mechanical properties, in conjunction with microstructural evolution in the 5052 Al alloy, were investigated. The combination of cryogenic-rolling with warm-rolling effectively increased tensile strength and yield strength without the decrease of... | The improvement of strength and ductility in ultra-fine grained 5052 Al alloy by cryogenic- and warm-rolling | 10.1007/s10853-010-4573-6 |
2010-08-01 | BEPCII cryogenic system consists of a cavity cooling loop and a magnet cooling loop. Although the magnet cooling loop has lower heat load than the cavity cooling loop, it needs much more helium mass flow since only sensible heat of the supercritical helium is used to cool the SCQ magnets. As a result, excess liquid hel... | Economical Running of BEPCII Cryogenic System | 10.1007/s10948-009-0640-0 |
2010-08-01 | With the requirement of higher beam energy and luminosity, the cryogenic technologies are applied more and more widely in accelerator facilities. As a main research entity on cryogenics in China, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry (TIPC) makes significant contributions to the construction of cryogenic systems... | Recent Activities of TIPC on Cryogenic Systems Used for Superconducting Accelerators in China | 10.1007/s10948-009-0641-z |
2010-08-01 | Semiclassical model, which takes into consideration the spatial dispersion effects in conductivity and permittivity, demonstrates the possible appearance of additional waves in conducting media, which are known to exist in transparent dielectrics near a narrow absorption band. The dispersion law of additional waves for... | Additional microwave modes in systems with conductivity of metals and superconductors | 10.1134/S1063776110080236 |
2010-08-01 | The mechanism of cryotropic gelation in moderately frozen solutions of chitosan crosslinked by glutaric aldehyde is studied. Chitosan cryogels with large pores are synthesized at a low content of crosslinking agent in the reaction mixture or under conditions that do not lead to gelation at temperatures above 0°C. The d... | Synthesis and characteristics of cryogels of chitosan crosslinked by glutaric aldehyde | 10.1134/S0965545X10080092 |
2010-08-01 | The effect of different types of structures produced by quenching from the intercritical temperature range on the strength, plasticity, and impact toughness of the Fe-6.9Ni-0.1C alloy has been studied. Two structures—ferrite + globular cementite and lath martensite—have been used as the initial state. The rate of heati... | Structure formed in two-phase (α + γ) field and mechanical properties of a cryogenic alloy 10N7 | 10.1134/S0031918X10080089 |
2010-06-01 | Cavitation is often triggered when the fluid pressure is lower than the vapor pressure at a local thermodynamic state. The present article reviews recent progress made toward developing modeling and computational strategies for cavitation predictions under both isothermal and cryogenic conditions, with an emphasis on t... | Modeling of turbulent, isothermal and cryogenic cavitation under attached conditions | 10.1007/s10409-010-0342-7 |
2010-06-01 | The effect of cryogenic treatment on the properties of Cr8-type cold work die steel was investigated. The results show that cryogenic treatment increases hardness by decreasing retained austenite, but the degree depends on the austenitizing temperature. When quenching at lower austenitizing temperature, the steel can o... | Effect of Cryogenic Treatment on Properties of Cr8-Type Cold Work Die Steel | 10.1016/S1006-706X(10)60112-4 |
2010-06-01 | Cu samples were subjected to high-pressure torsion (HPT) with up to 6 turns at room temperature (RT) and liquid nitrogen temperature (LNT), respectively. The effects of temperature on grain refinement and microhardness variation were investigated. For the samples after HPT processing at RT, the grain size reduced from ... | Influence of processing temperature on microstructure and microhardness of copper subjected to high-pressure torsion | 10.1007/s11431-010-3157-7 |
2010-05-01 | Cryogenic techniques are currently used in scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) and single molecule spectroscopy. Recently such cryogenic devices have also been adapted to time resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS) systems applied to uranium(VI). In our study, we interpret TRLFS results obtained for ... | Fluorescence spectroscopic study on complexation of uranium(VI) by glucose: a comparison of room and low temperature measurements | 10.1007/s10967-010-0489-5 |
2010-04-01 | This paper deals with investigation results on crisis phenomena for nonstationary heat release in falling liquid films. According to the experimental results, in the studied range of irrigation degree alteration (Re_ in = 60–1,690), parameters, characterizing decay of the falling liquid film with stepped heat release (... | Development of Crisis Phenomena in Falling Wavy Liquid Films at Nonstationary Heat Release | 10.1007/s12217-009-9176-y |
2010-04-01 | Cryoprocessing, a supplementary process to conventional heat treatment process, is the process of deep-freezing materials at cryogenic temperatures to enhance the mechanical and physical properties of materials being treated. The execution of cryoprocessing on cutting tool materials increases wear resistance, hardness,... | Cryoprocessing of cutting tool materials—a review | 10.1007/s00170-009-2263-9 |
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