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2014-01-01 | Cryogenic landslides on saline marine sediments are widely distributed in Typical tundra bioclimatic subzone of the Yamal Peninsula. Interrelation between the height and productivity of the willow tundra, and activation of cryogenic processes are discussed. It is supposed that high willow canopies are the indicators of... | Geochemistry of Plant-Soil-Permafrost System on Landslide-Affected Slopes, Yamal, Russia as an Indicator of Landslide Age | 10.1007/978-3-319-00867-7_9 |
2014-01-01 | We review recent results on biomaterial nanostructured layers transferred by matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE). The chapter is organized according to three main applications of these nanostructures: drug delivery systems, biosensing and biomimetic coating of metallic implants. The synthesized layers were... | Biomaterial Thin Films by Soft Pulsed Laser Technologies for Biomedical Applications | 10.1007/978-3-319-02898-9_11 |
2014-01-01 | Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy for the assignment of H_6 ^+ and its isotopomers, analysis of large precessional motion of them, and isotope condensation of H_6 ^+ in solid parahydrogen at cryogenic temperature is treated in this chapter. The structure of H_6 ^+ consisting of an H_2 ^+-core sandwiche... | Hydrogen Molecular Ions in Solid Parahydrogen: EPR Studies at Cryogenic Temperatures | 10.1007/978-3-319-09216-4_4 |
2014-01-01 | The paper discusses development of a number of cryogenic and channel processes as well as their paragenetic complexes. In small river basins these complexes form (a) landslide-affected slopes and landslide cirques, (b) river valleys. Up to half of the small river basins’ area in the upstream is subject to cryogenic pro... |
Cryogenic Landslides in Paragenetic Complexes of Slope and Channel Processes in the Central Yamal Peninsula | 10.1007/978-3-319-04996-0_70 |
2014-01-01 | The paper discusses the development of a number of cryogenic and channel processes, as well as their paragenetic complexes. In small river basins, these complexes form (a) landslide-affected slopes and landslide cirques, (b) river valleys. Up to half of the small river basins’ area in the upstream is subject to cryogen... | Cryogenic Landslides in Paragenetic Complexes of Slope and Channel Processes in the Central Yamal Peninsula | 10.1007/978-3-319-00867-7_21 |
2014-01-01 | The combination of rapid freeze quenching (RFQ) with resonance Raman (RR) spectroscopy represents a unique tool with which to investigate the nature of short-lived intermediates formed during the enzymatic reactions of metalloproteins. Commercially available equipment allows trapping of intermediates within a milliseco... | Characterizing Millisecond Intermediates in Hemoproteins Using Rapid-Freeze-Quench Resonance Raman Spectroscopy | 10.1007/978-1-62703-794-5_8 |
2014-01-01 | The purpose of this research was to examine the surface roughness in turning EN-8d alloy steel using HSS tool of grade M-42. Cryogenic treatment of tool was done, and comparison was made for surface roughness between untreated and cryogenic treated tool (CT). In this research work, central composite face-centered desig... | Analysis of Roughness in Turning of EN-8D Alloy Steel Using Cryogenically Treated HSS Tool | 10.1007/978-81-322-1859-3_36 |
2014-01-01 | We have investigated a composite of cubic α-ZrW_2O_8 and epoxy with a high ceramic loading for its thermal expansion properties at cryogenic temperatures. The composite was fabricated by allowing the ceramic to sediment in the epoxy resin before curing, using only the dense bottom fraction of the composite for further ... | Negative thermal expansion in a zirconium tungstate/epoxy composite at low temperatures | 10.1007/s10853-013-7716-8 |
2013-12-01 | Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the colloidal structures formed on digestion of medium chain triglyceride (MCT) with a specific objective of identifying and characterizing a previously reported vesicular phase, which has been linked to supersaturation and anomalous digestion kinetics, and to evalua... | Structural Aspects of Digestion of Medium Chain Triglycerides Studied in Real Time Using sSAXS and Cryo-TEM | 10.1007/s11095-013-1108-2 |
2013-12-01 | This paper describes ultrapurification of isotopically enriched calcium and molybdenum compounds and ^40Ca^100MoO_4 calcium molybdate growth charge in order to remove radioactive uranium, thorium, and radium impurities. ^40Ca^100MoO_4 single crystals grown from such charges are needed for the fabrication of scintillato... | Ultrapurification of isotopically enriched materials for ^40Ca^100MoO_4 crystal growth | 10.1134/S0020168513120029 |
2013-12-01 | In metal cutting, the choice of cooling method influences the deformation mechanism, which is related to the dimensional accuracy and surface finish of the parts. The deformation mechanism of titanium alloys under machining conditions is known to be very different from that of commonly used industrial materials. Theref... | Effect of cooling methods on dimensional accuracy and surface finish of a turned titanium part | 10.1007/s00170-013-5223-3 |
2013-12-01 | In order to improve depiction of pressure variation and investigate the interrelation among the physical processes in propellant tanks, a 2D axial symmetry Volume-of-Fluid (VOF) CFD model is established to simulate a large-sized liquid propellant tank when the rocket is preparing for launch with propellant loaded at th... | Simulation Research of Vaporization and Pressure Variation in a Cryogenic Propellant Tank at the Launch Site | 10.1007/s12217-013-9340-2 |
2013-11-01 | We discuss the mode I energy release rate of a rectangular piezoelectric material with a crack under electromechanical loading at cryogenic temperatures. A crack was created normal or parallel to the poling direction, and electric fields were applied parallel or normal to the poling. A plane strain finite element analy... | Effects of electric field and poling on the mode I energy release rate in cracked piezoelectric ceramics at cryogenic temperatures | 10.1007/s00707-013-0949-4 |
2013-11-01 | Electronic components which are able to work at cryogenic temperatures are demanded in cryogenic instruments, high sensitivity measurement systems, space missions, medical diagnosis among other applications. Different non-cryogenic commercial electronic components have been characterized between room temperature and −1... | Characterization of commercial-off-the-shelf electronic components at cryogenic temperatures | 10.1134/S0020441214010187 |
2013-10-01 | Residual stresses in 30 vol.% magnesium borate whisker-reinforced 2024 aluminum matrix composites have been determined by a nanoindentation method which takes into consideration pile-up and sink-in effects on indentation contact depth. Owing to the thermal mismatch and the large difference in elasticity modulus between... | Determination and Relaxation of Residual Stress in 2024 Al-30 vol.% Magnesium Borate Whisker Composites | 10.1007/s11665-013-0599-7 |
2013-10-01 | A 10-bit 500 kHz low-power successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for cryogenic infrared readout circuit is proposed. To improve the simulation accuracy of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs), corresponding modification in device model is presented on the basi... | A cryogenic 10-bit successive approximation register analog-to-digital converter design with modified device model | 10.1007/s12204-013-1436-8 |
2013-09-13 | Designing nanoparticles for delivery of neurotrophic proteins | 10.1186/1750-1326-8-S1-O16 | |
2013-09-01 | The ineffectiveness of conventional coolants and their adverse impact on the environment have led to the use of cryogenic LN2 (liquid nitrogen) as an alternative coolant, which is effective in reducing the grinding zone temperature, and providing better lubrication, in addition to being a clean technology. The sol-gel ... | Effect of cryogenic cooling and sol-gel alumina wheel on grinding performance of AISI 316 stainless steel | 10.1016/j.acme.2013.03.002 |
2013-09-01 | AZ91 magnesium alloy was subjected to a deep cryogenic treatment. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), and transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) methods were utilized to characterize the composition and microstructure of the treated samples. The results show that after two cryogenic treatme... | Microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91 magnesium alloy subject to deep cryogenic treatments | 10.1007/s12613-013-0812-6 |
2013-09-01 | With the replacement of the current upper-stage ESC-A of the Ariane 5 launcher by an enhanced cryogenic upper-stage, ESA’s Ariane 5 Midterm Evolution (A5-ME) program aims to raise the launcher’s payload capacity in geostationary transfer orbit from 10 to 12 tons, an increase of 20 %. Increasing the in-orbit delivery ca... | Test facilities for VINCI^®
| 10.1007/s12567-013-0043-8 |
2013-08-01 | Pneumatic cryogenic control valves (PCCV) are designed to meet the special requirements for the large cryogenic helium refrigeration system. Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) is adopted as the flat seal material of the valve seat. The leakage rates and compressive strain of the PCTFE gasket with different sealing str... | Seat tightness of pneumatic cryogenic control valve | 10.1007/s11431-013-5272-8 |
2013-08-01 | In this investigation, a precipitation hardenable martensitic stainless steel (12Cr–10Ni–0.25Ti–0.7Mo) was subjected to different heat treatment cycles to study their influence on the microstructure and mechanical properties. The heat treatment cycles include solution treatment (S), cryogenic treatment (C), and aging (... | Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 12Cr–10Ni–0.25Ti–0.7Mo Stainless Steel | 10.1007/s13632-013-0079-3 |
2013-08-01 | This study aims to predict the residual stress relieved by cryogenic heat treatment (CHT) of an Al6061 tube. Conventional CHT commonly consists of solid-solution heat treatment, uphill quenching, and artificial ageing. To produce a new residual stress that is opposite to the original in nature, the solid-solution heat-... | FE-simulation coupled with CFD analysis for prediction of residual stresses relieved by cryogenic heat treatment of Al6061 tube | 10.1007/s12541-013-0177-9 |
2013-07-01 | The purpose of this study is to predict the residual stress resulting from the cryogenic heat treatment (CHT) which affects the mechanical properties and microstructure for Al6061 alloy. The CHT is very effective method to reduce the residual stress by quenching media such as liquid nitrogen, boiling water and steam. I... | Prediction and measurement of relieved residual stress by the cryogenic heat treatment for Al6061 alloy: mechanical properties and microstructure | 10.1007/s12206-013-0601-1 |
2013-07-01 | The present work aims to address the characteristics of steady state deformation, which determines the limit of grain refinement for a given material by severe plastic deformation. The focus is on low temperatures at which most deformation processing is conducted. Submicron grained Al–0.1 Mg alloy prepared by equal cha... | Characteristics of steady state deformation of an Al–0.1 Mg alloy at low temperatures | 10.1007/s10853-012-7049-z |
2013-07-01 | Several structural states of nanostructured high purity Ti with average grain size down to 100 nm were achieved by high pressure torsion (HPT) at temperatures 300 and 77 K. As a result of HPT processing, changes of crystallographic texture, of grain and crystallite size, and of the dislocation density have been measure... | Microstructure and mechanical properties of high purity nanostructured titanium processed by high pressure torsion at temperatures 300 and 77 K | 10.1007/s10853-013-7276-y |
2013-07-01 | The minimum film formation temperature (MFFT) is the minimum drying temperature needed for a latex coating to coalesce into an optically clear, dense crack-free film. To better understand the interplay of forces near this critical temperature, cryogenic scanning electron microscopy (cryoSEM) was used to track the latex... | Drying and cracking of soft latex coatings | 10.1007/s11998-012-9425-7 |
2013-07-01 | This study was realized with two different types (flat and thread rolled) of coated (TiAlN), uncoated, and cryogenically treated taps (uncoated). The tapping processes were carried at four different cutting speeds (2, 3, 4, and 5 m/min) and 1.25 mm/rev feed rate under dry and wet cutting conditions on the Ti-6Al-4 V al... | The effect of cryogenic treatment on tapping | 10.1007/s00170-012-4529-x |
2013-07-01 | Disintegration of dolostones to dolomite powder (powderization) was a widespread phenomenon in Triassic dolostones of the Buda Hills, where the areal extent of powdered dolostones is large compared to similar occurrences elsewhere in the world. In the Buda Hills, dolostone disintegration proceeded in four stages that c... | Cryogenic powderization of Triassic dolostones in the Buda Hills, Hungary | 10.1007/s00531-013-0883-7 |
2013-05-01 | The evolution of domestic designs of nitrogen-free spectrometers with microcryogenic cooling systems with semiconductor detectors based on ultrapure germanium is examined. The energy resolution of a monoblock germanium nitrogen-free spectrometer with a microcryogenic system and digital spectrometric setup, built at the... | Evolution of Nitrogen-Free γ-Ray Spectrometers Based on Semiconductor Detectors with Ultrapure Germanium | 10.1007/s10512-013-9667-1 |
2013-05-01 | In this paper, by joining three non-traditional machining methods — plasma-enhanced machining, cryogenic machining, and ultrasonic vibration assisted machining — a new hybrid machining technique for machining of Inconel 718 is presented. Cryogenic machining reduces the temperature in the cutting zone, and therefore dec... | Improving machinability of Inconel 718 with a new hybrid machining technique | 10.1007/s00170-012-4386-7 |
2013-04-01 | A D2 tool steel X153CrVMo12 with composition C1.53 Cr12 V0.95 Mo0.80 Mn0.40(wt% Fe balanced) was studied by use of Mössbauer spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. It was observed that the study of carbides by X-ray diffraction was difficult while Mössbauer spectroscopy gives some light on the process occurring during cry... | Mössbauer studies of a martensitic transformation and of cryogenic treatments of a D2 tool steel | 10.1007/s10751-012-0684-6 |
2013-04-01 | Cryogenic ground support equipment (CGSE) is an important part of a famous particle physics experiment — AMS-02. In this paper a design method which optimizes PID parameters of CGSE control system via the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is presented. Firstly, an improved version of the original PSO, coopera... | Optimization for PID controller of cryogenic ground support equipment based on cooperative random learning particle swarm optimization | 10.1007/s12204-013-1376-3 |
2013-04-01 | The hybrid superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) is now at the stage of practical use in a power grid in Korea. A cryogenic cooling system was designed, fabricated, and successfully tested for a prototype of 22.9 kV/630 A SFCL. The operation scheme of cryogenic system has been investigated in preparation for tem... | Empirical Modeling of Cryogenic System for Hybrid SFCL Using Support Vector Regression | 10.1007/s10948-012-1965-7 |
2013-03-01 | Narrow optical transitions in highly charged ions (HCIs) are of particular interest for metrology and fundamental physics, exploiting the high sensitivity of HCIs to new physics. The highest sensitivity for a changing fine structure constant ever predicted for a stable atomic system is found in Ir^17 + . However, laser... | Cold highly charged ions in a cryogenic Paul trap | 10.1007/s10751-013-0806-9 |
2013-03-01 | The world’s first advanced pelletized cold neutron moderator is prepared to be put into operation at the IBR-2M pulsed research reactor. It provides long-wavelength neutrons to the most of neutron spectrometers at the beams of the IBR-2M reactor. Aromatic hydrocarbons are used as a material for cold moderators. It is a... | Current status of advanced pelletized cold moderators development for IBR-2M research reactor | 10.1134/S154747711302009X |
2013-03-01 | This work presents a study on the effect of low pressure cryogenic liquid nitrogen on cutting forces, friction coefficient, surface roughness of the machined surface and tool wear under high speed machining of a relatively new titanium alloy, Ti-5Al-4V-0.6Mo-0.4Fe. The experiments were conducted in dry and cryogenic co... | Cutting forces, friction coefficient and surface roughness in machining Ti-5Al-4V-0.6Mo-0.4Fe using carbide tool K313 under low pressure liquid nitrogen | 10.1007/s40430-013-0001-6 |
2013-03-01 | This investigation focuses on understanding the effects of particle size and surface area of cryogenically-ground micronized rubber powders (MRP) on the properties of MRP/polypropylene (PP) composites. Comparisons are made with ambient-ground rubber powders and its PP composites. The morphology of the fracture surfaces... | Effects of Micronized Rubber Powders on Structure and Properties of Polypropylene Composites | 10.1007/s12649-012-9166-y |
2013-03-01 | Little is known about the mechanical properties of bulk metallic glassy alloys (BMGs) after cryogenic treatment. In this study, the effects of cryogenic treatment (CT) on the microstructural transition and the mechanical properties of Cu-based bulk metallic glass (BMG) were studied. The results showed that submicron Al... | Cryogenic treatment induced hardening for Cu-Zr-Ag-Al bulk metallic glasses | 10.1007/s11431-012-5107-z |
2013-02-01 | Cavitation is the formation of vapor bubbles within a liquid where the flow dynamics causes the local static pressure to drop below the vapor pressure. The so-called full cavitation model (FCM) developed by Singhal has been widely used in numerical modeling of the cavitation flow for thermosensible and non-thermosensib... | Modeling cavitation flow of cryogenic fluids with thermodynamic phase-change theory | 10.1007/s11434-012-5463-x |
2013-02-01 | External energy assisted machining involves the use of a heating, cooling, and mechanical vibration source to facilitate the material removal process. A drastic attention on the external energy assistance is resulted from the requirements for newly developed hard and brittle materials machining and many activities to u... | Current research trends in external energy assisted machining | 10.1007/s12541-013-0047-5 |
2013-02-01 | The present work aims at understanding the effects of cryogenic coolant application and machined surface alterations during orthogonal machining of hardened AISI 52100 bearing steel. Experiments were performed under dry and cryogenic cooling conditions using cubic boron nitride tool inserts with varying initial hardnes... | Analysis of the white layers formed during machining of hardened AISI 52100 steel under dry and cryogenic cooling conditions | 10.1007/s00170-012-4073-8 |
2013-01-01 | Helium Machinery Scientific-Production Association (NPO GELIIMASh) has developed and built the first domestic cryogenic transporting helium tank of the trademark TsTG-40/0.45 with a capacity of 40 m^3 − a key element of the logistic system of liquid helium delivery across Russia and to other countries. The TsTG-40/0.45... | Geliimash – A technological breakthrough | 10.1007/s10556-013-9669-9 |
2013-01-01 | The cryogenic properties of polymer materials have received great attention with new developments in space, superconducting, electronic and defense technologies as well as large cryogenic engineering projects such as International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), etc. Polymer materials developed for these app... | Cryogenic Properties of Polymer Materials | 10.1007/978-3-642-35335-2_2 |
2013-01-01 | Elemental composition of humic acids (HA) from humus horizons and frost cracks (FC) were studied in frozen metamorphized chernozems and coarse humus burozems. HA molecules from cryogenic cracks proved to be of a more aromatic nature than those from proper humus horizons. | Elemental Composition of Humic Acids in Frost Cracks of Soils of Cryolithic Belt | 10.1007/978-94-007-5634-2_153 |
2013-01-01 | To evaluate the effects of cryogenic temperatures on mechanical properties of a thermo-mechanically treated Mg-rare earth (RE) alloy, tensile tests were carried out from room temperature to liquid nitrogen temperature (LNT) to study the deformation and fracture behavior of the selected magnesium alloy. The results show... | Study of Tensile Properties of Mg-Rare Earth Alloys at Cryogenic Temperatures | 10.1007/978-3-642-30229-9_34 |
2013-01-01 | Research and / or Engineering Questions / Objective There are many domestic enterprises that produce auto-hub bearings in China. But the majority of products are only applied in the after-sale market as the unstable quality of the domestic products can’t meet the OEM’s requirements. In order to improve fatigue life and... | Effect of Cryogenic Treatment on Retained Austenite and Fatigue Life of Gcr15 Wheel-Hub Bearing | 10.1007/978-3-642-33738-3_64 |
2013-01-01 | The objective of this development is to design, build and test a magnetic-superconductor cryogenic non-contact harmonic drive (MAGDRIVE). This harmonic drive is a mechanism provided with an input axle and an output hub with a great reduction ratio and it will be able to function at cryogenic temperatures. It is based o... | Magnetic-Superconductor Cryogenic Non-contact Harmonic Drive: Performance and Dynamical Behavior | 10.1007/978-94-007-4902-3_38 |
2013-01-01 | In this chapter, self-heat recuperation technology (SHRT) is applied in gas separation processes, which are (1) cryogenic air separation and (2) CO_2 chemical absorption processes. (1) The energy consumption of cryogenic air separation based on self-heat recuperation (SHR) can be reduced by 40 % compared with a convent... | Gas Separation Section | 10.1007/978-1-4471-4207-2_5 |
2013-01-01 | External tanks of the spacecrafts need not only efficient, but also safe cryogenic insulation materials and the issues of their development are still urgent. At present, polyurethane (PUR) or polyisocyanurate (PIR) foams’ cryogenic insulation is widely applied in the partially reusable launch systems. Factors influenci... | Polyurethane and Polyisocyanurate Foams in External Tank Cryogenic Insulation | 10.1007/978-3-642-35335-2_10 |
2013-01-01 | Cryogenic treatment (CT), a supplementary process to conventional heat treatment process, is the process of deep-freezing materials at cryogenic temperatures to enhance the mechanical and physical properties of materials being treated. CT is one of the field in which the materials to be treated play a very imperative r... | Cryogenic Treatment of Materials: Cutting Tools and Polymers | 10.1007/978-3-642-35335-2_11 |
2013-01-01 | Composites are the modern trend materials replacing monolithic metals and alloys in many industrial applications. It has also been widely used in many of engineering applications where materials are subjected to very low temperatures. Hence it finds essential to investigate its mechanical properties after cryogenic tre... | Influence of Cryogenic Treatment on Mechanical Behavior of Glass Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Composite Laminate | 10.1007/978-3-642-35335-2_9 |
2013-01-01 | As the use of polymers in structural components and power transmission systems has grown in the last decades, the demand for improved mechanical performances of these materials is increasing. Besides fibre reinforcement, the research about thermal treatments and surface coatings of these materials is focused on obtaini... | Current and Potential Applications of Cryogenic Treated Polymers | 10.1007/978-3-642-35335-2_12 |
2013-01-01 | Dielectrics is ubiquitous in all electrical systems. In this chapter we introduce many aspects in a systematic manner in order for the reader to be able to follow it in a sequence. Firstly, the various media and the salient features of each are discussed. The media range from vacuum to highly compressed gases, liquids,... | The Behavior of Polymer-Based Dielectrics Under Cryogenic Conditions | 10.1007/978-3-642-35335-2_6 |
2013-01-01 | Although epoxy resins have been widely used for engineering applications, because of their good mechanical properties, they are usually brittle and vulnerable to cracking. This problem becomes more severe when thermosetting epoxy resins are employed in extremely low temperature environments. Hence improvement in fractu... | Reinforcement of Epoxy Resins with POSS for Enhancing Fracture Toughness at Cryogenic Temperature | 10.1007/978-1-4614-4553-1_19 |
2013-01-01 | Polymers are extensively used for sliding systems in cryogenic applications because of their favourable friction and wear behaviour in the absence of external lubrication. Since important new technologies are based on applications under extreme conditions, such as at low temperatures, new requirements on material prope... | Friction and Wear of Polymer Materials at Cryogenic Temperatures | 10.1007/978-3-642-35335-2_3 |
2013-01-01 | Superconducting tunnel junctions (STJ) are a class of cryogenic detectors that rely on the generation of free charge carriers by breaking Cooper pairs in a superconducting material with the use of absorbed photon energy. In an STJ, consisting of two superconducting films separated by a thin insulating barrier, the char... | Superconducting tunnel junctions | 10.1007/978-1-4614-7804-1_27 |
2013-01-01 | Many technologies are needed to build a fusion power plant: vacuum systems, magnet systems, plasma stability control, superconductors, radio waves, microwaves, lasers, accelerators, structural support, cryogenics systems, cryogenic pellet injectors, plasma power control, high-temperature materials that can survive radi... | Technology Issues | 10.1007/978-1-4471-5556-0_2 |
2013-01-01 | The microbial activity of peat soils was studied in boggy larch forests and in an oligo-mesotrophic bog in the basins of the Kochechum and Nizhnaya Tunguska rivers (central Evenkia). It was found that the organic matter transformation in the peat soils of all the plots is mainly performed by oligotrophic bacteria compo... | Microbial activity of peat soils of boggy larch forests and bogs in the permafrost zone of central Evenkia | 10.1134/S1064229313010043 |
2013-01-01 | Aluminum lithium alloy will likely become the material of choice over composites as the fuselages of the next generation of narrow-body aircraft due to its high strength to weight ratio and excellent corrosion resistance. In this paper, aluminum lithium alloy samples are milled under air coolant condition and liquid ni... | Experimental Study of Surface Integrity of Aluminum Lithium Alloy by Face Milling | 10.1007/978-3-642-40849-6_50 |
2013-01-01 | Cryogenics plays a key role on board space-science missions, with a range of applications, mainly in the domain of astrophysics. Indeed a tremendous progress has been achieved over the last 25 years in cryogenics, with enhanced reliability and simpler operations, thus matching the needs of advanced focal-plane detector... | Cryogenics in space | 10.1007/978-1-4614-7804-1_37 |
2013-01-01 | The Matrix-Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation (MAPLE) technique emerged more than one decade ago as an alternative and complementary method to Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) in view of transferring organic materials onto solid substrates. In contrast to PLD, MAPLE proved to be a less harmful approach for transporting and... | Biomimetic Assemblies by Matrix-Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation | 10.1007/978-3-642-41341-4_5 |
2013-01-01 | This chapter describes the results of our studies on the interlaminar delamination fracture and fatigue of woven glass fiber reinforced polymer composite laminates under Mode I, Mode II, and Mode III loadings at cryogenic temperatures. Delamination fracture tests were carried out at cryogenic temperatures, and the crit... | Interlaminar Delamination Fracture and Fatigue of Woven Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite Laminates at Cryogenic Temperatures | 10.1007/978-3-642-35335-2_5 |
2013-01-01 | Chronologically, gas thermometry was the first method used for the accurate measurement of the thermodynamic temperature—with air used as a working substance—the reason being that the very simple law of the ideal gas (Eq. 1.16) is applicable to several real gases with close approximation. Air was soon replaced by hydro... | Gas Thermometry Between 0.5 and 273.16 K | 10.1007/978-1-4419-8282-7_3 |
2013-01-01 | A procedure for calculating the heat flux and temperature distributions in a high-temperature superconductor current lead with a section connected to a cryogenic cooling machine that removes the heat released in the current lead at different levels is presented. How the purity of the copper material used for the curren... | How the material of a resistive part of a high-temperature superconductor current lead influences cryocoolant heat load | 10.3103/S1068371213010021 |
2013-01-01 | High specific strength, stiffness, excellent environmental fatigue resistance and low weight remain the winning alliance that impels fibrous composite materials into new arenas, but other properties are also equally important. Fibrous reinforced plastics (FRPs) offer good vibrational damping and a low coefficient of th... | Mechanical Behavior of Polymer Composites at Cryogenic Temperatures | 10.1007/978-3-642-35335-2_4 |
2013-01-01 | Cryogenic processing is the one-time permanent treatment of the materials at very low temperatures to increase the physical and mechanical properties. Cryogenic processing is capable of treating a wide variety of materials such as metals, alloys, polymers, carbides, ceramics and composites. Cryogenic applications of po... | Cryogenic Processing: State of the Art, Advantages and Applications | 10.1007/978-3-642-35335-2_1 |
2013-01-01 | Viruses have co-evolved with their hosts, developing effective approaches for hijacking and manipulating host cellular processes. Therefore, for their efficient replication and spread, viruses depend on dynamic and temporally regulated interactions with host proteins. The rapid identification of host proteins targeted ... | Discovery of Host–Viral Protein Complexes During Infection | 10.1007/978-1-62703-601-6_4 |
2012-12-01 | Due to its high hypericin and pseudohypericin in vitro biosynthetic capacity, the Balkan endemic Hypericum rumeliacum was selected as a prospective candidate for long-term preservation of valuable medicinal plant germplasm. Initial cryopreservation experiments were previously conducted based on the successful protocol ... | Impact of pre-culture on short- and long-term in vitro recovery of the biosynthetic potential and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense of Hypericum rumeliacum Boiss. after cryostorage | 10.1007/s10725-012-9733-z |
2012-11-01 | The ultrafine-grained Al 6061 alloy, which was fabricated by the combination of cryogenic rolling with warm rolling, achieved high ultimate tensile strength of 420 MPa. Compared with the results by other severe plastic deformation methods, the strengthening effect by the combination of cryogenic rolling with warm rolli... | The achievement of high strength in an Al 6061 alloy by the application of cryogenic and warm rolling | 10.1007/s10853-012-6478-z |
2012-11-01 | Macroporous filled and unfilled poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) cryogels are produced by cryogenic treatment (freezing at −20°C for 12 h followed by thawing at a rate of 0.03°C/min) of mixtures of an aqueous PVA solution and a full-component poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) dispersion or its individual components. The values of th... | A study of cryostructuring of polymer systems. 34. Poly(vinyl alcohol) composite cryogels filled with microparticles of polymer dispersion | 10.1134/S1061933X12060117 |
2012-11-01 | A key design issue related to the turbopump of the rocket engine is that cavitation occurs in cryogenic fluids when the fluid pressure is lower than the vapor pressure at a local thermodynamic state. Cavitation in cryogenic fluids generates substantial thermal effects and strong variations in fluid properties, which in... | Numerical calculation of thermal effect on cavitation in cryogenic fluids | 10.3901/CJME.2012.06.1176 |
2012-10-01 | Ultrahigh hardness levels greater than 700 VHN can be obtained in secondary hardening carburizing steels but depend on costly Co alloying additions to maximize hardness achieved through M_2C-type carbide precipitation strengthening. This study aims to incorporate nanometer-scale bcc Cu precipitates to both provide stre... | Cu-Precipitation Strengthening in Ultrahigh-Strength Carburizing Steels | 10.1007/s11661-012-1176-7 |
2012-10-01 | The deformation behaviour of interstitial free/ferritic steel has been investigated at cryogenic and room temperature. The study concerns the occurrence of microstructural damages during low temperature deformation conditions for such high stacking fault energy body centred cubic material and their role on the evolutio... | Variation of Tensile Behaviour of Interstitial Free Steel Rolled at Cryogenic and Room Temperature | 10.1007/s40033-012-0012-y |
2012-10-01 | Natural convection in a liquefied natural gas storage tank, which is caused by the heat absorption from the surrounding environment, is studied numerically by solving the conservation equations for mass, momentum, and energy with a commercial computational fluid dynamics code, FLUENT. The present numerical results show... | Numerical study of natural convection in a liquefied natural gas tank | 10.1007/s12206-012-0820-x |
2012-09-01 | The effect of deep cryogenic treatment on the microstructure, hardness, and wear behavior of D2 tool steel was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), hardness test, pin-on-disk wear test, and the reciprocating pin-on-flat wear test. The results sh... | Effect of deep cryogenic treatment on the formation of nano-sized carbides and the wear behavior of D2 tool steel | 10.1007/s12613-012-0630-2 |
2012-09-01 | The alloy was reheated to 580 °C for tempering at rates of 2, 5, 10, 20, and 40 °C/s, respectively, after quenching. The amount, distribution, and stability of reversed austenite were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD). The microstructure and cryogenic impact energy wer... | Effect of Heating Rate Before Tempering on Reversed Austenite in Fe-9Ni-C Alloy | 10.1016/S1006-706X(13)60011-4 |
2012-07-01 | This study aims to present the metallurgical and mechanical characterization of cryogenically treated AISI M2 high speed steel (HSS) in terms of carbide precipitation and wear behavior. The samples of commercially available conventionally quenched and tempered AISI M2 HSS were procured and subjected to cryogenic treatm... | Effect of Cryogenic Treatment on AISI M2 High Speed Steel: Metallurgical and Mechanical Characterization | 10.1007/s11665-011-0032-z |
2012-07-01 | The thermal property of insulation material is essential in developing high temperature superconductor (HTS) devices operating at around liquid nitrogen temperature. Unlike metallic materials, nonmetallic materials have a thermal resistance; therefore, accurate estimate of the heat flow is difficult in the case of nonm... | Thermal property of insulating material at cryogenic temperature | 10.1007/s12206-012-0528-y |
2012-07-01 | The gas discharge at a lower atom temperature has a number of features which can appear in experiments with dusty plasma. At cryogenic temperatures of gas-discharge tube walls, strong anisotropy of the velocity distribution function of ions takes place, which, in turn, can cause a significant change in dust structure p... | Dependence of characteristics of helium ion diffusion and drift in own gas on its temperature | 10.3103/S1068335612070044 |
2012-06-01 | Anisotropy effects in hot carrier transport have been investigated in germanium crystals at mK temperatures in the electric field range pertaining to the operation of the Edelweiss dark matter detectors. Comparative measurements have been made on n -type specimens of different impurity contents, both ultra-pure ( N _ d... | Transport Anisotropy and Impurity Scattering in Ge at Millikelvin Temperatures: Experimental Study | 10.1007/s10909-012-0548-0 |
2012-06-01 | The velocity laws of electrons and holes in germanium single crystals at millikelvin temperatures are determined as a function of the electric field in the 〈001〉 orientation, based on time-of-flight measurements in cryogenic coplanar grid Ge detectors. Results obtained in two n -type crystals (| N _ a − N _ d |<10^10 c... | Hot Carrier Velocities in Doped and in Ultra-pure Germanium Crystals at Millikelvin Temperatures | 10.1007/s10909-012-0535-5 |
2012-06-01 | A magnetic field of a few gauss produces sizeable effects on carrier trans-port and charge collection in a germanium dark matter detector operated at millikelvin temperatures. The magnitude of the effects is explained by the large values of the velocities imparted to the carriers, even under the low electric field cond... | Effects of a Weak Magnetic Field on Carrier Transport in a Cryogenic Germanium Detector for Dark Matter Search | 10.1007/s10909-012-0546-2 |
2012-06-01 | We present new results on the development of larger arrays (presently 72 channels, goal of multiple units of 160 channels) of superconducting LC filters. The a-Si:H based resonators show a quality factor above 10.000. The latest design utilizes oppositely wound planar coil pairs which enable close packing with low magn... | High-Q LC Filters for FDM Read out of Cryogenic Sensor Arrays | 10.1007/s10909-011-0422-5 |
2012-06-01 | The read-out electronics of the EDELWEISS-II experiment is presented. Its implementation has been guided by two important design choices. The first one is putting cold electronics far from the detectors in order to attenuate possible background sources from electronic components. It implies strong constraints on noise ... | EDELWEISS Read-out Electronics and Future Prospects | 10.1007/s10909-012-0568-9 |
2012-06-01 | We report the final results of EDELWEISS-II, obtained with ten 400 g heat-and-ionization cryogenic detectors equipped with InterDigit electrodes for the rejection of near-surface events. Results from fourteen months of continuous operation and a total exposure of 384 kg day are presented. We also present the status of ... | Status and Prospects of the EDELWEISS Direct WIMP Search Experiment | 10.1007/s10909-012-0512-z |
2012-06-01 | We report the recent progress in the development of decay energy spectroscopy for radionuclide analysis using a metallic magnetic calorimeter. In the present analysis, sample radionuclides were completely enclosed by a 4 π steradian absorber. The use of a 4 π absorber composed of gold foil guarantees that the total ene... | Development of Decay Energy Spectroscopy for Radionuclide Analysis Using Cryogenic 4π Measurements | 10.1007/s10909-012-0477-y |
2012-06-01 | In this work, we use 10.36 and 8.98 keV X-rays originating from the decay of ^68Ge and ^65Zn which are homogeneously produced in a Ge crystal in order to evaluate the fiducial volume of a 400 g coplanar grid HP-Ge bolometers in operation in the Edelweiss-II experiment. Different energy estimators are tested on the expe... | Fiducial Volume of the Edelweiss Germanium Bolometers for Dark Matter Search Using Cosmogenic Activation | 10.1007/s10909-012-0566-y |
2012-06-01 | The Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS) utilizes large mass, 3″ diameter × 1″ thick target masses as particle detectors. The target is instrumented with both phonon and ionization sensors and comparison of energy in each channel provides event-by-event classification of electron and nuclear recoils. Fiducial volume is ... | Comparison of CDMS [100] and [111] Oriented Germanium Detectors | 10.1007/s10909-011-0427-0 |
2012-06-01 | Thermally-stimulated current measurements provide a sensitive tool to characterize carrier traps in germanium detectors for direct dark matter search. Using this technique at cryogenic temperatures, very shallow traps have been detected with binding energies of a fraction of a meV, associated with the dopant species in... | Thermally-Stimulated Current Investigation of Dopant-Related D
^− and A
^+ Trap Centers in Germanium for Cryogenic Detector Applications | 10.1007/s10909-012-0547-1 |
2012-06-01 | Superconducting QUantum Interference Device (SQUID) multiplexing is a common technique in the use of large arrays of Transition Edge Sensors (TES). A Time Domain Multiplexer (TDM) combines input TES signals into one output signal using several SQUIDs. Different TES, SQUID and amplifier characteristics induce unavoidabl... | Cryogenic Integrated Offset Compensation for Time Domain SQUID Multiplexing | 10.1007/s10909-012-0606-7 |
2012-06-01 | Beyond the present dark matter direct detection experiment at the Soudan underground laboratory, the SuperCDMS Collaboration is engaged in R&D activities for a 100-kg scale germanium dark matter experiment nominally sited at SNOLAB (2070 m overburden of rock). The expected sensitivity after 3 years of running is 3×10^−... | Conceptual Design for SuperCDMS SNOLAB | 10.1007/s10909-011-0440-3 |
2012-06-01 | Improving upon the present background rejection capabilities of the cryogenic germanium detectors for direct dark matter search involves an in-depth comprehension of the charge collection process in these devices. Experimental data point to the combined effects of lattice and impurity scattering on the anisotropy of el... | Carrier Anisotropy and Impurity Scattering in Ge at mK Temperatures: Modeling and Comparison to Experiment | 10.1007/s10909-012-0543-5 |
2012-06-01 | We discuss the current design of the cold hardware and cold electronics to be used in the upcoming SuperCDMS Soudan deployment. Engineering challenges associated with such concerns as thermal isolation, microphonics, radiopurity, and power dissipation are discussed, along with identifying the design changes necessary f... | SuperCDMS Cold Hardware Design | 10.1007/s10909-012-0584-9 |
2012-06-01 | The Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS) utilizes large mass, 3″ diameter×1″ thick target masses as particle detectors. The target is instrumented with both phonon and ionization sensors, the later providing a ∼1 V cm^−1 electric field in the detector bulk. Cumulative radiation exposure which creates ∼200×10^6 electron-... | Time Evolution of Electric Fields in CDMS Detectors | 10.1007/s10909-012-0465-2 |
2012-06-01 | Our purpose of this study is to realize the submillimeter/terahertz camera with large number of pixels (>10 k). To realize such a camera, we have investigated the cryogenic multi-channel readout system with cryogenic ICs (Integrated Circuits) made up with n-channel GaAs-JFETs. Based on previous investigations, we desig... | The Cryogenic Multi-Channel Readout System for Submillimeter/Terahertz Cameras | 10.1007/s10909-012-0595-6 |
2012-06-01 | We report on precise drift velocity measurements of electrons and holes in 50 mK, ultrapure (≈10^10 net shallow impurities per cm^3) germanium 〈100〉 CDMS dark matter detectors as a function of electric field up to 4 V/cm. A laser diode connected to an optical fiber extending from room-temperature to the detector create... | Optically Induced Measurement of Electron and Hole Drift Velocities in a Germanium 〈100〉 CDMS Detector at 50 mK | 10.1007/s10909-012-0472-3 |
2012-06-01 | In this study, a series of Sn-doped (Bi_85Sb_15)_1− x Sn_ x ( x = 0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) thermoelectric materials was fabricated through mechanical alloying followed by pressureless sintering. The crystal structure was characterized by x-ray diffraction. The electrical transport properties and thermal properti... | Thermoelectric Performance of p-Type (Bi_85Sb_15)_1−x
Sn_
x
Materials Prepared by a Pressureless Sintering Technique | 10.1007/s11664-012-2063-0 |
2012-06-01 | Russian institutes will participate in setting up the experiments HIHEX (Heavy Ion Heating and Expansion) and LAPLAS (Laboratory Planetary Sciences) as part of the FAIR program of scientific research. The appropriate numerical calculations of targets and preliminary experiments will be performed. Two vacuum chambers fo... | Study of the fundamental properties of matter at high energy density created by an intense ion beam | 10.1007/s10512-012-9536-3 |
2012-06-01 | The direct detection of the Universe’s Dark Matter is one of the key questions in particle astrophysics. Cryogenic based detectors offer advantages in low radioactive backgrounds, target mass, sensitivity to the small energy depositions and rejection of possible background sources. I will summarize the main experimenta... | Review of Dark Matter Direct Detection Using Cryogenic Detectors | 10.1007/s10909-012-0517-7 |
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