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2021-09-01 | The authors propose a freezing method for liquidating the consequences of oil spills using liquid nitrogen. For freezing flat surfaces contaminated with oil, a cryogenic device with a set of two-zone modules is developed. Contaminants located in hard-to-reach places or places with complex surface relief are treated wit... | Equipment for Rapid Freezing of Oil Contaminated Soil by Liquid Nitrogen for Its Subsequent Utilization | 10.1007/s10556-021-00950-9 |
2021-09-01 | Peculiar characteristics of squeeze casted hybrid aluminum matrix composites (AMCs) enable it as an appropriate candidate for various manufacturing applications but also make their machining challenging. For that reason, wire electric discharge machining (WEDM) has been preferred over conventional machining processes f... | Cryogenic treatment analysis of electrodes in wire electric discharge machining of squeeze casted Al2024/Al_2O_3/W composite | 10.1007/s00170-021-07521-5 |
2021-09-01 | Shape memory alloys (SMAs) have been explored to develop applications in several areas due to their differential capacity to recover deformations, in addition to the elastic deformation and suffered in the martensitic phase, through heating. In applications where SMAs are used as actuators, they are subject to structur... | Cryogenic Treatment Effect on Cyclic Behavior of Ni_54Ti_46 Shape Memory Alloy | 10.1007/s40830-021-00338-x |
2021-09-01 | Abstract Titanium alloys are well known with their superior properties such as corrosion resistance, specific strength; however, machining and shaping of this material are quite tricky and costly. In the present study, an attempt was made to improve the machinability of Ti–6Al–4V alloy by conducting deep and shallow cr... | Improvement of the Machinability of Ti–6Al–4V Alloy Wire Electro Discharge Machining with Cryogenic Treatment | 10.1007/s12540-020-00667-z |
2021-09-01 | Cryogenic treatment is a useful method for improving the mechanical and tribological properties of a wide range of materials, especially steels. However, the results regarding the effect of this treatment on the corrosion resistance are scarce, particularly in the case of martensitic stainless steels. In our research, ... | Influence of Cryogenic Treatments on the Electrochemical Behavior of Two Martensitic Stainless Steels | 10.1007/s11003-021-00541-2 |
2021-08-24 | Unconventional shale gas reservoir requires fracture network for exploitation from nano-Darcy shale where reservoirs have a space-to-space variation. This study is aimed to investigate the potential of Mancos Shale formation for the purpose of hydrocarbon recovery using numerical analysis of cryogenic liquid treatment.... | Analysis of Mancos Shale gas production scenarios under various stress mechanisms | 10.1007/s12517-021-08190-0 |
2021-08-16 | Fluorescence sensing of glutathione by tailor-made chemical sensors is a prospective technique, which could provide simple, fast, and visual detection. Herein, a fluorescence sensor based on vanadium oxide quantum dots (VO_x QDs) and permanganate (MnO_4^−) has been designed for monitoring glutathione. The bifunctional ... | On-off-on fluorescent sensor for glutathione based on bifunctional vanadium oxide quantum dots induced spontaneous formation of MnO_2 nanosheets | 10.1007/s00604-021-04958-z |
2021-08-01 | Abstract The natural gas entering the liquefaction cycle usually consists of nitrogen, ethane, propane and also heavier hydrocarbons which are economically explainable to be separated from methane, considering that their heating values are higher than methane. In this paper, a hybrid system is developed and analyzed fo... | Energy, exergy and pinch analyses of an integrated cryogenic natural gas process based on coupling of absorption–compression refrigeration system, organic Rankine cycle and solar parabolic trough collectors | 10.1007/s10973-020-10158-3 |
2021-08-01 | X-ray crystallography is the most powerful tool for obtaining structural information about protein molecules, affording accurate and precise positions for all of the atoms in the protein except for hydrogen. However, hydrogen species play crucial roles in the physiological functions of enzymes, including molecular reco... | The Challenge of Visualizing the Bridging Hydride at the Active Site and Proton Network of [NiFe]-Hydrogenase by Neutron Crystallography | 10.1007/s11244-021-01417-0 |
2021-08-01 | Abstract Finite volume methods were used to study the process of gas expansion in the stage of a turboexpander unit (TEU) in a three-dimensional, nonstationary setting. The main objectives of the work are to verify the calculation methodology based on a real experiment, to obtain a qualitative and quantitative agreemen... | Numerical Simulation of the Gas Expansion Process in a Turboexpander Unit by the Finite Volume Method | 10.1134/S0040601521070089 |
2021-08-01 | The material having high strength to weight ratio is constantly in high demand for automotive industries to increase fuel efficiency. With this view, AZ91/5SiC (an Mg-based Particulate Metal Matrix Composites (PMMCs)) is fabricated using an in-house developed stir casting setup and characterized through Field Emission ... | Application of Environmentally-friendly Cooling/Lubrication Strategies for Turning Magnesium/SiC MMCs | 10.1007/s12633-020-00588-x |
2021-08-01 | This study focuses on the effects of various cutting speeds and cutting conditions including dry, CO_2, HPC and flood on the surface integrity characteristics of the machined NiTi alloy. Machining-induced affected layer, microstructure, microhardness and XRD analysis are considered to assess the surface integrity chara... | The Effect of Flood, High-Pressure Cooling, and CO_2-Assisted Cryogenic Machining on Microhardness, Microstructure, and X-ray Diffraction Patterns of NiTi Shape Memory Alloy | 10.1007/s11665-021-05854-6 |
2021-07-23 | The Shanghai High repetition rate XFEL and Extreme Light Facility (SHINE), an advanced XFEL project, is now being built at Shanghai Advanced Research Institute (SARI), Chinese Academy of Sciences. It includes a hard X-ray free electron laser and a 100 pW intense laser facilities with overall length of 3.1 km. The XFEL ... | The cryogenic control system of SHINE | 10.1140/epjti/s40485-021-00066-7 |
2021-07-10 | High-strength materials are hard to machine with ordinary tools and necessitates tool inserts of high strength and hardness to machine them. One of the methods to improve the physical properties of an insert material is cryogenic treatment which involves the treating of materials at low temperatures. In the current exp... | Effect of deep cryogenic treatment on tool life of multilayer coated carbide inserts by shoulder milling of EN8 steel | 10.1007/s40430-021-03100-7 |
2021-07-01 | Abstract The development of a system for noncontact positioning and transport of cryogenic fuel targets (CFTs) is an important task in the inertial confinement fusion (ICF) program. In this paper, we investigate the possibility of constructing a levitation system for accelerating the CFT magnetic carrier along a superc... | HTSC GUIDE FOR NONCONTACT TRANSPORT OF CRYOGENIC FUEL TARGETS USING A MAGNETIC CARRIER | 10.3103/S1068335621070022 |
2021-07-01 | Prosthesis production for hips, knees, and other human body elements, including dental implants and spine screws, requires eliminating any risk of material damage or contamination. Five-axis milling is the most suitable technique to manufacture tailor-made prostheses for different personalized sizes with affordable cos... | A reliable clean process for five-axis milling of knee prostheses | 10.1007/s00170-021-07220-1 |
2021-07-01 | Abstract — The paper presents the results of studies on the effect of heat treatment modes on the microstructure, hardness, and wear mechanism under the action of pulsating contact stresses of C80W1 and 90CrSi5 tool steels. It was revealed that cryogenic treatment no later than half an hour after quenching reduces the ... | Effect of Retained Austenite on the Wear Resistance of C80W1 and 90CrSi5 Tool Steels | 10.3103/S1068366621040127 |
2021-07-01 | During cryogenic turning of metastable austenitic stainless steels, a deformation-induced phase transformation from γ-austenite to α’-martensite can be realized in the workpiece subsurface, which results in a higher microhardness as well as in improved fatigue strength and wear resistance. The α’-martensite content and... | Predicting the martensite content of metastable austenitic steels after cryogenic turning using machine learning | 10.1007/s00170-020-06160-6 |
2021-07-01 | The shallow cryogenic (subzero) treatment (SCT) effect on the mechanical properties of the bimetallic casting used in the crushing industry has been investigated. Examination methods include sand casting, heat treatment and SCT, Charpy impact test, optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, microanalysis of the ... | Shallow Cryogenic Treatment (SCT) Effects on the Mechanical Properties of High Cr Cast Iron: Low-Carbon Cast Steel Bimetallic Casting | 10.1007/s40962-020-00532-0 |
2021-07-01 | With outstanding mechanical advantages such as high strength, light weight, high rigidity, low thermal expansion, good resistance corrosion, and high vibration resistance, carbon fiber–reinforced polymer (CFRP) is becoming increasingly popular in the automotive, aerospace, and medical spheres. For the CFRP machining, t... | Multi-objective optimization of carbon fiber–reinforced polymer drilling process based on grey fuzzy reasoning grade analysis | 10.1007/s00170-021-07224-x |
2021-07-01 | Abstract Constitutive modeling of CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) at cryogenic temperature (77 K) and room temperature (293 K) has been investigated. The effect of temperature on deformation behavior such as twinning, forest hardening, and back stress hardening has been established. The enhanced ductility and stren... | Constitutive Modeling with Critical Twinning Stress in CoCrFeMnNi High Entropy Alloy at Cryogenic Temperature and Room Temperature | 10.1007/s12540-020-00818-2 |
2021-07-01 | Abstract A mass-economic assessment of replacement of aviation kerosene with cryogenic fuel is carried out based on the analysis of the mass sensitivity to the initial change in the aircraft parameters and on an example of transferring the Tu-204 aircraft to liquefied natural gas (Tu-206 project). | Alternative Fuel in Transport Aviation and Estimation of Its Application Efficiency | 10.3103/S1068799821030016 |
2021-07-01 | Abstract The experimentally obtained dependence on pressure P of the reduced tension E of the electric field, E / N ( N is the gas concentration), in the positive column of the glow discharge in neon at 77 K and pressure 20–200 Pa is simulated. The discharge plasma is described by the model in the diffusion-drift appro... | The Chemi-ionization Rate Constant of Metastable Neon Atoms in a Glow Discharge at Cryogenic Temperature | 10.1134/S1990793121040242 |
2021-06-24 | Densities of an air-like binary mixture (0.2094 oxygen + 0.7906 nitrogen, mole fractions) were measured along six isotherms over the temperature range from 100 K to 298.15 K at pressures up to 8.0 MPa, using a low-temperature single-sinker magnetic suspension densimeter. The measurements were carried out at T = (100, ... | Density Measurements of an Air-Like Binary Mixture over the Temperature Range from 100 K to 298.15 K at Pressures up to 8.0 MPa | 10.1007/s10765-021-02871-4 |
2021-06-16 | This paper presents the comparative analysis of M-35 high-speed steel tool with the cryogenic and conventional heat treatment process. Phase transformation is an effective way to improve the tool material properties. The investigation observes the influence of the cryogenic process on roughness and tool wear of M35 sin... | Tool Wear and Surface Roughness in M 35 Single Point Cutting Tool Steel Under Non-cryogenic and Cryogenic Condition | 10.1007/s40735-021-00551-2 |
2021-06-01 | Regenerative cooling of thrust chamber is the unique solution for the thermal management of high heat flux generated inside the combustion chamber of Cryogenic rocket engine. Heat is transferred from combustion hot gas to coolant through the channels provided on inner copper shell, thereby cools the inner wall of the n... | A Technology for Improving Regenerative Cooling in Advanced Cryogenic Rocket Engines for Space Transportation | 10.1007/s42423-020-00071-0 |
2021-06-01 | Magnesium alloys are biocompatible materials that are not only used in biomedical implants but also in many engineering load-bearing applications due to their high strength to density ratio. However, machining of these alloys is somehow challenging, for example, magnesium alloy (AZ31B) is prone to ignition risk at rela... | Numerical investigations of cutting temperature and cutting forces in cryogenic assisted turning of magnesium alloy | 10.1007/s00170-021-06989-5 |
2021-06-01 | In Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), the studies for the development of cryogenic propulsion were initiated in early 1980’s. The first cryogenic turbopump design (C12) in ISRO was made for 12 tonne (T) thrust engine identified for Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV). The C12 turbopumps have undergon... | Development of Turbopump Systems for Cryogenic and Semicryogenic Propulsion Systems of ISRO | 10.1007/s41403-020-00189-5 |
2021-05-25 | The European Spallation Source (ESS) is a neutron-scattering facility funded and supported in collaboration with 13 European countries in Lund, Sweden. Cryogenic cooling at ESS is vital particularly for the linear accelerator, the hydrogen target moderators, a test stand for cryomodules, the neutron instruments and the... | ESS Cryogenic Controls Design | 10.1140/epjti/s40485-021-00065-8 |
2021-05-01 | The microstructure evolution and the pitting corrosion resistance of a supermartensitic stainless steel after deep cryogenic treatment process were clarified through X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electrochemical methods. The results showed tha... | M_23C_6 precipitation and Si segregation promoted by deep cryogenic treatment aggravating pitting corrosion of supermartensitic stainless steel | 10.1007/s42243-020-00514-w |
2021-05-01 | This paper focused on the performance of tungsten carbide end mills in machining of AISI H13 hot work tool steel under dry and wet conditions. The tool performance was evaluated in terms of resultant cutting force (Fc), average surface roughness (Ra) and tool life. In the milling tests, four categories of end mills wer... | Performance of Multilayer Coated and Cryo-Treated Uncoated Tools in Machining of AISI H13 Tool Steel—Part 1: Tungsten Carbide End Mills | 10.1007/s11665-021-05656-w |
2021-05-01 | This part of the study aimed to investigate the effects of cryogenic treatment applied to uncoated high speed steel (HSS) end mills on cutting forces (Fc), surface roughness (Ra), and tool life. The milling tests were performed at four cutting speeds (40, 50, 60, and 70 m/min), three feeds (0.018, 0.024, and 0.03 mm/re... | Performance of Multilayer Coated and Cryo-treated Uncoated Tools in Machining of AISI H13 Tool Steel—Part 2: HSS End Mills | 10.1007/s11665-021-05657-9 |
2021-05-01 | The conventional process employed for the removal of N_2 in a natural gas upgrading facility is cryogenic distillation (CD) and entails a significant investment outlay. Operation of the CD unit occurs at approximately 40 bar and − 120 °C, provided by a suitable refrigeration system. At such a low temperature, significa... | Economic assessment of a natural gas upgrading process using pressure vacuum swing adsorption for nitrogen removal | 10.1007/s10450-021-00302-2 |
2021-05-01 | Abstract 2219 Al–Cu alloy transition rings are widely used in launch vehicles. However, the coarse and agglomerated second-phase Al_2Cu particles significantly deteriorate the mechanical properties and ductility of 2219 Al–Cu alloy rings manufactured by traditional thermal deformation processes. In this study, cryogeni... | Effects of Cryogenic Deformation on Second-Phase Al_2Cu Particles and Mechanical Properties of 2219 Al–Cu Alloy Rings | 10.1007/s12540-019-00468-z |
2021-05-01 | Liquid nitrogen(LN2) cryogenic machining is a green, sustainable, and high-performance machining technology. LN2 cryogenic machining of TC4 can significantly strengthen the local cooling environment of cutting, accelerate the heat dissipation, thus effectively reduce the cutting temperature, and suppress the generation... | Numerical prediction of machining-induced surface residual stress for TC4 cryogenic turning | 10.1007/s00170-021-06805-0 |
2021-04-13 | The BEPCII project is for upgrading the Beijing Electron Positron Collider to reach a higher luminosity. The cryogenic system has been firstly designed and deployed in BEPCII, which provides cooling capacity for SRF cavities, SCQ and SSM. The cryogenic control system consists of Siemens PLC for the refrigerator control... | The cryogenic control system of BEPCII | 10.1140/epjti/s40485-021-00064-9 |
2021-04-01 | Abstract Analytical expressions to calculate the geometrical characteristics of ac high-voltage high-current cryogenic current leads have been presented. An algorithm to calculate the temperature dependence of specific resistance and thermal conductivity coefficient of technical copper at low temperatures depending on ... | Methods to Determine the Characteristics of AC Cryogenic Current Leads | 10.3103/S1068371221040088 |
2021-04-01 | In this paper, effects of the cooling mode used in grinding of Hardox 500 on the material grindability, ground surface integrity, and multi-pass micro-scratching wear resistance are investigated. Three modes are experimented: dry grinding, soluble oil, and cryogenic cooling modes. Results showed that the cryogenic cool... | Effects of the cooling mode on the integrity and the multi-pass micro-scratching wear resistance of Hardox 500 ground surfaces | 10.1007/s00170-021-06719-x |
2021-04-01 | The usage of cryogenic fluid is increasing in the machining industries especially to cut the materials having a lower machinability like Nimonic 90, a nickel-based alloy. However, the comparison of flood coolant and LCO_2 as a cryogenic fluid based on machining performance has not been found for machining Nimonic 90. I... | Machinability analysis of nickel-based superalloy Nimonic 90: a comparison between wet and LCO_2 as a cryogenic coolant | 10.1007/s00170-021-06793-1 |
2021-04-01 | This study investigated the effect of deep cryogenic treatment (−140 °C) on the wear resistance, hardness, wear rate and electrical conductivity of X153CrMoV12 steel. The results showed that with deep cryogenic treatment, the friction coefficient was increased by 64.67% compared to that of traditional heat treatment. I... | Investigation of the Effect of Deep Cryogenic Process on the Tribological Properties of X153CrMoV12 Mold Steel | 10.1007/s11665-021-05599-2 |
2021-04-01 | This research work investigated the influence of friction stir processing under cryogenic treatment on the wear and corrosion behavior of an extruded AZ31B alloy. The experimental work that employed rotational speeds of 800, 1000, and 1200 rpm have been used, keeping the tool feed rate constant at 60 mm/min. The wear m... | Wear and Corrosion Behavior of Cryogenic Friction Stir Processed AZ31B Alloy | 10.1007/s11665-021-05636-0 |
2021-03-10 | Abstract Stanene (Sn)-based materials have been extensively applied in industrial production and daily life, but their potential biomedical application remains largely unexplored, which is due to the absence of the appropriate and effective methods for fabricating Sn-based biomaterials. Herein, we explored a new approa... | Cryogenic Exfoliation of 2D Stanene Nanosheets for Cancer Theranostics | 10.1007/s40820-021-00619-1 |
2021-03-01 | Background High energy photon source (HEPS) is the fourth-generation light source, which uses a large number of high-performance insertion devices to generate synchrotron radiation. The control system is an important part of the insertion device (ID). Purpose Cryogenic permanent magnet undulator (CPMU) is one kind of I... | Control system for cryogenic permanent magnet undulator (CPMU) of high energy photon source (HEPS) | 10.1007/s41605-020-00227-4 |
2021-03-01 | The results of an experimental study of the mechanical properties of carbon fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRP) made by the “wet” winding method in the temperature range of room temperature to −196°C with different reinforcement schemes are presented. The temperature dependences of strength, plasticity and elasticity char... | Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Plastics at Cryogenic Temperatures | 10.1007/s11223-021-00281-3 |
2021-03-01 | The effects of traditional heat treatment (quenching and then tempering) and deep cryogenic treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a low-carbon high-alloy martensitic bearing steel were studied by Rockwell hardness test, X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron ... | Effects of traditional heat treatment and a novel deep cryogenic treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of low-carbon high-alloy martensitic bearing steel | 10.1007/s42243-020-00527-5 |
2021-03-01 | Cryogenic cooling is attributed as a green option to counter the high temperatures developed in machining process. The parameters specific to the cryogenic cooling such as jet radius and jet location have controlling influence on the machining performance. Inconel 718 is one of the most prominent aeronautic alloys, mai... | Role of jet radius and jet location in cryogenic machining of Inconel 718: a finite element method based approach | 10.1007/s12008-020-00703-7 |
2021-03-01 | In this study, a low-dropout voltage regulator (LDO) system composed of two LDOs, which can operate in the temperature range of 77–400 K, has been developed. Cryogenic and typical transistor models of the 180 nm UMC CMOS process have been employed in the design process. Both LDOs can provide a load current of 100 mA wh... | A wide-temperature range (77–400 K) CMOS low-dropout voltage regulator system | 10.1007/s10470-020-01715-9 |
2021-03-01 | The versions of nonlinear defining relations and characteristics of nonlinear fracture mechanics controlling and simulating the service life, survivability, and durability of parts of modern power and energy structures operating at low, cryogenic temperatures are investigated. | Low-Temperature Crack Resistance of Cryogenic Structures | 10.1007/s11223-021-00291-1 |
2021-03-01 | The materials used in variable temperature conditions are required to have excellent thermal fatigue performance. The effects of laser shock processing (LSP), solid solution and aging treatment (T6), and cryogenic treatment (CT) on both microstructure and thermal fatigue performance of ZCuAl_10Fe_3Mn_2 alloys were stud... | Effects of laser shock processing, solid solution and aging, and cryogenic treatments on microstructure and thermal fatigue performance of ZCuAl_10Fe_3Mn_2 alloy | 10.1007/s41230-021-0072-4 |
2021-03-01 | Accurate detection of quantum states is a vital step in the development of quantum computing. Image-charge detection of quantum states of electrons on liquid helium can potentially be used for the readout of a single-electron qubit; however, low sensitivity due to added noise hinders its usage in high-fidelity and high... | Cryogenic amplification of image-charge detection for readout of quantum states of electrons on liquid helium | 10.1007/s10909-020-02552-w |
2021-03-01 | AA 6082-T6 extruded flat bars were reduced to four different thicknesses, viz., 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm and 5 mm, using room temperature rolling and subsequently solution treated to obtain homogenized grain structure. These solution treated plates were subjected to cryogenic temperature rolling by immersing in liquid nitrogen... | Behavior of Thermo-Mechanically Processed AA 6082 Aluminium Alloy Impacted by Conical Projectiles | 10.1007/s40870-020-00265-5 |
2021-03-01 | Background Liquid xenon time projection chamber (LXe TPC) is widely used in high-energy physics experiments such as particle detection and neutrino (or neutrinoless) double beta decay. The charge readout accuracy of the LXe TPC directly affects the measurement results and success of the experiments. Because liquid xeno... | Study on low noise cryogenic charge readout electronics for liquid xenon time projection chamber | 10.1007/s41605-020-00219-4 |
2021-03-01 | When machining metastable austenitic stainless steel with cryogenic cooling, a deformation-induced phase transformation from γ-austenite to α′-martensite can be realized in the workpiece subsurface. This leads to a higher microhardness and thus improved fatigue and wear resistance. A parametric and a non-parametric mod... | Impact of the thermomechanical load on subsurface phase transformations during cryogenic turning of metastable austenitic steels | 10.1007/s10845-020-01626-6 |
2021-03-01 | The device, the principle of operation and the test results of the apparatus for cryogenic freezing of oils designed to isolate impurities characterized by a high-melting state under atmospheric environmental parameters are considered. It was found that in the mode of extracting wax substances and phospholipids with an... | Cryogenic Bubbling Purification of Vegetable Oils from Impurities | 10.1007/s10556-021-00859-3 |
2021-03-01 | Microstructure and mechanical properties in core of a carburizing 20CrNi2MoV bearing steel subjected to cryogenic treatment were investigated. Conventional treatment sample was quenched and tempered at 180 °C for 2 h. Cryogenic treatment samples were quenched, cryogenically treated at − 80 and − 196 °C for 4 h, slowly ... | Microstructure and mechanical properties in core of a carburizing 20CrNi2MoV bearing steel subjected to cryogenic treatment | 10.1007/s42243-020-00516-8 |
2021-03-01 | Although the performance of electronic devices in extreme temperature ranges has been extensively studied, the interconnections, which are still mainly Sn-based materials, require thorough observation and assessment to support the mechanical and electrical stability in subzero to cryogenic temperature environments. An ... | Impact of Cryogenic Temperature Environment on Single Solder Joint Mechanical Shear Stability | 10.1007/s11664-020-08456-5 |
2021-02-23 | The CERN cryogenic facilities demand a versatile, distributed, homogeneous and highly reliable control system. For this purpose, CERN conceived and developed several frameworks (JCOP, UNICOS, FESA, CMW), based on current industrial technologies and COTS equipment, such as PC, PLC and SCADA systems complying with the re... | Control of large helium cryogenic systems: a case study on CERN LHC | 10.1140/epjti/s40485-021-00063-w |
2021-02-03 | Densities of two synthetic biomethane-like mixtures were measured in the homogeneous liquid phase and the supercritical region using a low-temperature single-sinker magnetic-suspension densimeter. Both mixtures consist of methane, nitrogen, hydrogen and oxygen, whereas the second mixture additionally contains carbon di... | Density Measurements of Two Liquefied Biomethane-Like Mixtures over the Temperature Range from (100 to 180) K at Pressures up to 9.0 MPa | 10.1007/s10765-020-02791-9 |
2021-02-03 | This work focuses on developing the mathematical model of surface roughness (Ra) in the turning of Inconel 625 superalloy with cryogenically treated tungsten carbide inserts. The influence of cryogenic treated on the microstructure and hardness of tungsten carbide tools was also investigated for the as-received inserts... | Optimization of Cutting Parameters Affecting Surface Roughness in Turning of Inconel 625 Superalloy by Cryogenically Treated Tungsten Carbide Inserts | 10.1007/s42452-021-04303-2 |
2021-02-02 | Chilldown of transfer lines is an important phenomenon associated with cryogenic liquid transfer from the storage facility to the location of its intended application. Analysis of heat transfer characteristics during cryogenic chilldown of a helical coil is the focus of this study. In view of the ease in availability a... | Experimental investigation on heat transfer characteristics in cryogenic chilldown of a helically coiled tube | 10.1007/s12046-020-01524-w |
2021-02-01 | Abstract Practical use of power transmission cables based on high-temperature superconductors (HTSC cables) can be accounted for by their high throughput. Despite the large number of HTSC cables, experimental ones and those operating as parts of existing networks, the issues of using high-current liquid-nitrogen-cooled... | Methods to Calculate the Current Leads of AC High-Temperature Superconductor Cables | 10.3103/S1068371221020115 |
2021-02-01 | Supercritical hydrogen storage tanks are one of the most promising hydrogen storage technologies. When liquefied hydrogen is pressurized by a cryogenic high-pressure reciprocating pump, supercritical hydrogen is produced. The most important element for supercritical hydrogen production is the management of the net posi... | Simulation study of pressure change between cryogenic reservoir and pump | 10.1007/s12206-021-0117-z |
2021-02-01 | Superalloys are difficult to process. For this reason, it is important to increase the surface quality of the material and reduce the tool consumption. In the present work, the shallow and deep cryogenically treated performance of cubic boron nitride (CBN) inserts in terms of surface roughness, tool wear, thrust force ... | Investigation of the Effect of Cryogenic Treatment Cubic Boron Nitride Turning Insert Tools | 10.1007/s11665-021-05453-5 |
2021-02-01 | The present work discusses the enhancement of mechanical properties, namely wear and impact resistance, of ultra-high molecular weight poly-ethylene (UHMWPE), exposed to cryogenic treatment under different conditions. The cryogenic temperature was found to play a vital role in the structure and properties of UHMWPE, wh... | Structural Elucidation and Mechanical Behavior of Cryogenically Treated Ultra-High Molecular Weight Poly-ethylene (UHMWPE) | 10.1007/s12666-020-02140-2 |
2021-02-01 | An improved monochromatic radiation source with spectral width 4 nm based on a supercontinuum laser and double monochromator is introduced into a unit based on an absolute cryogenic radiometer in order to increase the precision of measurement of spectral sensitivity in the range 0.9–1.6 μm. A feedback system that suppo... | Monochromatic Radiation Source Based on a Supercontinuum Laser for Measurement of Spectral Sensitivity of Radiation Detectors in the Range 0.9–1.6 μm with the Use of an Absolute Cryogenic Radiometer | 10.1007/s11018-021-01870-z |
2021-02-01 | The accidental spilling of cryogenic liquid leads to formation of a spreading pool, which may result in pool fires, BLEVE(boiled liquid evaporate vapor explosion) or vapor cloud fire, such as liquefied natural gas, is flammable. The key aspect of evaluating the consequence of such a disaster is to predict vaporization ... | Predicting the vaporization rate of a spreading cryogenic liquid pool on concrete using an improved 1-D heat conduction equation | 10.1007/s00231-021-03018-9 |
2021-02-01 | Manufacturing craves for more sustainable solutions for machining heat-resistant alloys. In this paper, an assessment of different cooling lubrication approaches for Ti6Al4V milling was carried out. Cryogenic cutting (liquid nitrogen) and conventional cooling (oil-based fluid) were assessed with respect to dry cutting.... | Energy assessment of different cooling technologies in Ti-6Al-4V milling | 10.1007/s00170-020-06575-1 |
2021-02-01 | In this paper, a new composite support made of steel and polymer is proposed for the internal supports of mobile cryogenic vessels. Multilayered design of the steel part in the presented support controls the heat transfer through this part by adding more thermal contact resistance (TCR) to the heat flow path. An analyt... | Investigating the effect of metal-polymer internal support on reducing the heat transfer rate of mobile cryogenic vessels | 10.1007/s00231-020-02950-6 |
2021-01-27 | The surface integrity of the material is the predominant necessity of a component to perform efficiently in varying working conditions. To improve the surface integrity of the workpiece secondary finishing processes are being performed. This work attempts to propose a realistic cryogenic slide burnishing condition for ... | Influence of slide burnishing process on the surface characteristics of precipitation hardenable steel | 10.1007/s42452-021-04260-w |
2021-01-01 | Inconel 718 is widely used nickel-based alloy in engineering applications because of its favorable mechanical properties. Though, machining of this alloy is difficult and results in poor tool wear and surface quality. Selection of suitable machining condition is essential for improving the machining performance of this... | Performance Appraisal of Cryogenically Treated Tool in Dry, MQL and Cryogenic Machining of Inconel 718 | 10.1007/978-981-15-3639-7_82 |
2021-01-01 | To understand the role of water in life at the molecular and atomic levels, the spatiotemporal distribution and interactions of hydration water molecules Hydration water molecule at the protein–water interface Interface , has been investigated using various types of biophysical methods. In this chapter, we describe exp... | Biophysical Methods to Investigate Hydration Structures of Proteins | 10.1007/978-4-431-56919-0_2 |
2021-01-01 | The machining process of cryogenic treated composite materials is a challenging task and the process of machining these materials is treated to be an important technique among the manufacturing process. The present study involves the processing of Al6061-SiC composite material by stir casting process, wherein pre-heate... | Effect of Cryogenic Treatment on Mechanical Properties of Al–SiC Composites | 10.1007/978-981-16-2086-7_6 |
2021-01-01 | Two high-precision gauges (Ø162-Go and Ø162-Not Go) for assessing shaft components with a nominal diameter of 162 μm were machined from SKD11 steel and heat-treated using some technologies, such as quenching, cryogenic treatment, and aging, to improve hardness, wear resistance, and dimensional stability. The hardness, ... | Manufacturing and Heat Treatment of High-Precision Ring Gauge | 10.1007/978-3-030-69610-8_39 |
2021-01-01 | Cryogenic machining is a green manufacturing technique which eliminates conventional coolant use and related health issues. Present work optimizes cryogenic machining parameters by means of grey relational analysis in super-duplex stainless steel. The experiment is designed by means of Taguchi L_27 orthogonal array. Th... | Optimization of Cryogenic Turning Process Parameters Using Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) in Super-Duplex Stainless Steel (A479) | 10.1007/978-981-15-8704-7_38 |
2021-01-01 | The paper presents data on the synthesis of polymer composites based on a fluoroplastic matrix and ground titanium hydride. The possibility of mixing the initial components using cryogenic grinding has been studied. The uniformity of distribution of the filler in the polymer matrix was investigated by scanning electron... | Study of the Effect of Cryogenic Grinding on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Polymer Composites | 10.1007/978-3-030-72910-3_39 |
2021-01-01 | SHE (Search for Habitable Exoplanets) is the first large infrared astronomical telescope project in China dedicated to searching for habitable exoplanets. The project goals are to complete the satellite and payload technologies research and system design and to test key performances of the telescope by developing a dow... | SHE: Design and Development of 60 K Telescope Downsize Prototype | 10.1007/978-3-030-56488-9_26 |
2021-01-01 | The present work deals with the influence of cryogenic coolants LN_2 delivered through holes made on flank surface and rake surface of tungsten carbide cutting tool inserts in turning of super duplex stainless steel (SDSS) using in-house developed cryogenic setup. Experiments were conducted with cryogenically treated t... | Experimental Evaluation of Cutting Process Parameters in Cryogenic Machining of Duplex Stainless Steel | 10.1007/978-981-15-4739-3_44 |
2021-01-01 | LM25-SiC metal matrix composites were manufactured by stir casting technique. The composites were welded by friction stir (FS) welding process. Experimental studies were carried out for specimens treated at different temperatures for FS welded composites, and pitting corrosion properties were evaluated. Mathematical mo... | Modeling, Optimization and Corrosion Analysis of FS Welded LM25-SiC MMCs | 10.1007/978-981-15-9809-8_63 |
2021-01-01 | Recent studies have reported the advantages of cryogenic machining in producing superior surface roughness ( Ra ) when applied in metal cutting. This study shows the application of Box-Behnken Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to analyze the effect of milling parameters; cutting speed, feed rate, axial depth of cut (D... | Optimization of Surface Roughness in Cryogenic CO_2 Milling of Inconel 718 Using RSM | 10.1007/978-981-15-9505-9_37 |
2021-01-01 | Magnesium alloys Magnesium alloys have been used in the automotive and aerospace industry for several years, thanks to their high strength-to-density ratio. Their mechanical characteristics at room and even at elevated temperature have been well studied, whereas, when it comes to temperatures lower than room one, only ... | Temperature-Dependent Fracture Loci of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Sheets | 10.1007/978-3-030-75381-8_130 |
2021-01-01 | The Cool down of move lines with the cryogenic liquids is a stream bubbling procedure having diverse warmth move regimes. In Cryogenic fuel move frameworks, high exactness numerical models are required for anticipating this two-stage stream bubbling procedure. The punishment of wasteful model leads into higher edge of ... | Applicability of Empirical Correlations for Critical Heat Flux in Transfer Line Cool-Down Boiling | 10.1007/978-981-15-9853-1_39 |
2021-01-01 | Liquid air energy storage (LAES) has been regarded as a large-scale electrical storage technology. In this paper, we first investigate the performance of the current LAES (termed as a baseline LAES) over a far wider range of charging pressure (1 to 21 MPa). Our analyses show that the baseline LAES could achieve an elec... | Liquid Air Energy Storage for Decentralized Micro Energy Networks with Combined Cooling, Heating, Hot Water and Power Supply | 10.1007/s11630-020-1396-x |
2021-01-01 | Abstract Soil studies were conducted in Southern Cisbaikalia. It has been established that climate and topography significantly affect the soil cover diversity and spatial distribution at the macro- and mesolevel. The complex geological structure, uneven age, and variety of bedrocks, as well as the composition and weat... | Soils of Southern Cisbaikalia: Diversity and Spatial Distribution Patterns | 10.1134/S1875372821010091 |
2021-01-01 | Large part of Russian territory (more than 60%) is located within permafrost zone. Cryogenic landslides and related phenomena in the permafrost zone are quite specific and include some types of slope processes that are absent in “warm” regions (e.g. block fields, very thin earth flows with diurnal cycle of activity, et... | Classification of Cryogenic Landslides and Related Phenomena (by Example of the Territory of Russia) | 10.1007/978-3-030-60713-5_37 |
2021-01-01 | Ti-6Al-4V was machined by varying the nozzle position during external cryogenic CO_2 cooling. The thermomechanical load was measured and the resulting surface morphology was characterized. The results show a significant influence of the nozzle position on the temperatures in the surface layer. Furthermore, a correlatio... | Influence of Nozzle Position during Cryogenic Milling of Ti-6Al-4V | 10.1007/978-3-662-62138-7_29 |
2021-01-01 | The cryogenic treatments improve fatigue life of tool and die steels. This work involves heating the H13 steel specimens to 1020 °C, quenching in oil thereafter double tempering at 520 °C for 2 h. Thereafter these specimens are subjected to minus 185 °C in a cryobath for 16 h and 1 h soft tempering at 100 °C. The nitri... | Performance Comparison of Nitrided and Cryogenically Treated H13 Steel in Rotating Bending Fatigue | 10.1007/978-981-15-4779-9_34 |
2021-01-01 | Nowadays, industries are facing problem to attain a good surface characteristic in hard-to-cut materials. The wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) process is an advanced machining method which is highly advantageous in machining of superalloys with improved surface characteristics. Inconel 625 superalloy material... | Performance Study of Surface Integrity of Inconel 625 by DoE Approach During WEDM Machining | 10.1007/978-981-15-4550-4_20 |
2021-01-01 | The article considers the issues of increasing the efficiency of cryogenic vacuum pumps to create a deep vacuum used in production processes during chemical and physical experiments. It is noted that the use of zeolites as a sorbent material, in comparison with activated carbons, provides a more efficient absorption of... | The Application of the Tubular Sorbing Elements Based on the Composition Powders of Zeolites in Adsorption Cryogeno-Vacuum Pumps | 10.1007/978-3-030-62062-2_21 |
2021-01-01 | The chapter presents studies regarding the tribological performance of composite materials and multilayer composite coated tools in manufacturing processes carried out by the authors. Two manufacturing processes were investigated—metal forming and metal cutting. In metal forming, the study aimed to explore lubricant-fr... | Tribology of Composite Materials and Coatings in Manufacturing | 10.1007/978-981-15-9635-3_11 |
2021-01-01 | Abstract The 7075 aluminum alloy was subjected to deep cryogenic treatment (DCT) at –196°C with liquid nitrogen for different hours. The wear and corrosion behaviors of the alloy were investigated by hardness, friction and wear, intergranular corrosion (IGC), and electrochemical corrosion tests. The microstructure of t... | Effect of Deep Cryogenic Treatment on Wear and Corrosion Resistance of an Al–Zn–Mg–Cu Alloy | 10.3103/S1067821221010144 |
2021-01-01 | The role of the electrode in electric discharge machining (EDM) performance is crucial because it has an impact on the geometrical accuracy, machining efficiency and surface finish of the machined components. In the present work, a new technical approach combining equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) and deep cryogeni... | Performance Evaluation of Electrical Discharge Machining using Ultrafine-Grained Cu Electrodes Processed by Equal Channel Angular Pressing and Deep Cryogenic Treatment | 10.1007/s11665-020-05351-2 |
2021-01-01 | Magnesium alloys are highly preferred for use in the automobile sector and aerospace industry because of their low density and superior strength. Due to the lightweight and high strength of magnesium alloys, they are continuously being used for engineering applications. The transport industry has benefitted a lot as we... | Effects of Drilling Process Parameters Using ANOVA and Graphical Methods | 10.1007/978-981-15-8319-3_35 |
2021-01-01 | The availability of high-quality biological and environmental specimens for research purposes requires the development of standardized methods for collection, long-term storage, retrieval, and distribution of specimens. These practices require the implementation of a Certified Quality System specific for the Biobank (I... | Biobank Design and Infrastructure: Biobank Engineering | 10.1007/978-3-030-55901-4_2 |
2021-01-01 | In this chapter, the general characteristics of permafrost and cryogenic features are described, and the degradation of permafrost is simply analyzed too. The permafrost in Mongolia lies at the southern edge of Siberian permafrost with different permafrost zones Zones . The distributions of continuous and discontinuous... | Permafrost in Mongolia | 10.1007/978-3-030-61434-8_7 |
2021-01-01 | Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is a typical material widely used in bearing, gaskets, gears, etc. of many various fields such as aeronautics, astronautics, and military. Traditionally, PTFE is manufactured by molding process, which is suitable for processing of large quantities and standard parts. And a deburring treat... | A novel and effective method for cryogenic milling of polytetrafluoroethylene | 10.1007/s00170-020-06332-4 |
2021-01-01 | The 26S proteasome is the most complex ATP-dependent protease machinery, of ~2.5 MDa mass, ubiquitously found in all eukaryotes. It selectively degrades ubiquitin-conjugated proteins and plays fundamentally indispensable roles in regulating almost all major aspects of cellular activities. To serve as the sole terminal ... | Structure, Dynamics and Function of the 26S Proteasome | 10.1007/978-3-030-58971-4_1 |
2021-01-01 | In this chapter, we present an overview of a standard protocol to achieve structure determination at high resolution by Single Particle Analysis cryogenic Electron Microscopy using apoferritin as a standard sample. The purified apoferritin is applied to a glow-discharged support and then flash frozen in liquid ethane. ... | From Tube to Structure: SPA Cryo-EM Workflow Using Apoferritin as an Example | 10.1007/978-1-0716-1406-8_12 |
2021-01-01 | In this work, 316L austenite stainless steels were fabricated by the selective laser melting (SLM) technique, and the as-printed samples were then treated by using two various routines, namely the intercritical annealing (IA) and the deep cryogenic treatment (DCT), respectively. Microstructural characterization, nanoin... | Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructures and Mechanical Behaviors of 316L Stainless Steels Synthesized by Selective Laser Melting | 10.1007/s11665-020-05330-7 |
2021-01-01 | The article describes two main approaches to assessing the thermal loading of friction pairs—experimental and theoretical for evaluating friction pairs in terms of the phenomenon of fading. Most of the kinetic energy of a car with ABS is extinguished due to friction in the braking mechanism. Overheating of the brake me... | Experimental and Theoretical Approach for Evaluation of Thermal Loading of Car Brake Discs | 10.1007/978-3-030-54817-9_94 |
2021-01-01 | Improving the tool life will increase the production by reducing the tool change time and tool cost. Various surface modification techniques are available such as commercial coatings method, cryogenic treatment, nitriding and cyaniding. The cryogenic treatment of the cutting tools enhances the micro-structural properti... | Experimental Studies on Deep Cryo Treated Plus Tempered Tungsten Carbide Inserts in Turning Operation | 10.1007/978-981-15-4739-3_26 |
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