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2020-02-01 | The interface distribution and self-pressurization phenomenon are the most important problems in the storage of cryogenic liquid on orbit, which are difficult to be predicted and assessed exactly due to the complex non-equilibrium thermal behavior. In this paper, one 3-D CFD model based on volume of fluid (VOF) method ... | Numerical Simulation on Interface Evolution and Pressurization Behaviors in Cryogenic Propellant Tank on Orbit | 10.1007/s12217-019-09734-6 |
2020-02-01 | In modern manufacturing industries, the importance of multi-objective optimization cannot be overemphasized particularly when the desired responses are differing in nature towards each other. With the emergence of new technologies, the need to achieve overall efficiency in terms of energy, output, and tooling is on the... | Multi-objective optimization of turning titanium-based alloy Ti-6Al-4V under dry, wet, and cryogenic conditions using gray relational analysis (GRA) | 10.1007/s00170-019-04913-6 |
2020-02-01 | The aramid fiber–reinforced composite (AFRP) has special the structure and physical properties. Although, the dry helical milling hole method could improve the machining precision and reduce the cutting force for AFRP. There were still some problems such as hole defects, limited hole depth, and low machining efficiency... | Research on milling hole of AFRP based on cryogenic cooling processing | 10.1007/s00170-020-05057-8 |
2020-01-22 | In the present investigation, dissimilar materials such as AA6063 and SS304L having pipe dimensions of 60.33 mm outer diameter and 3.9 mm wall thickness were friction-welded with different conditions of process parameters. Nondestructive tests such as radiography test (RT) and liquid penetration test (LPT) were carried... | Pipe-to-pipe friction welding of dissimilar Al-SS joints for cryogenic applications | 10.1007/s40430-020-2181-1 |
2020-01-02 | Cryogenic wind tunnel is a sophisticated aerodynamics ground test facility, which operates in cryogenic temperature with injection of liquid nitrogen. The multi-variable, nonlinear and coupled dynamics existing between the temperature, pressure and Mach number in the tunnel, poses great challenges for the effective con... | Nonlinear L_1 adaptive control of stagnation pressure in a cryogenic wind tunnel | 10.1186/s42774-019-0024-5 |
2020-01-01 | Up to now, machines have been considered as theoretical components fulfilling a function. It is interesting to understand how they operate, what are their operating domains and what is their efficiency. Some of them have to operate in very different regimes during the cool-down and warm-up phase. This chapter considers... | Technology of Components | 10.1007/978-3-030-51677-2_6 |
2020-01-01 | Mechanical properties of materials are highly sensitive to temperature changes. In-situ characterization approach can be utilized to probe temperature dependence of the mechanical properties at multiple length scales. This chapter introduces the principles and techniques for high- and low-temperature mechanical testing... | In-Situ Mechanical Characterization as a Function of Temperature | 10.1007/978-3-030-43320-8_4 |
2020-01-01 | A new generation launch vehicle developed by ISRO consists of solid, liquid, and cryogenic stages. Cryogenic stage uses liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen as oxidizer and fuel, respectively, for propulsion. Fuel and oxidizer are stored in cylindrical tanks with tori-spherical end domes. When the above fluids get deplete... | Numerical Study of Effect of a Wire Mesh on Fluid Depletion Characteristics of a Cryogenic Propellant Tank | 10.1007/978-981-15-1892-8_7 |
2020-01-01 | The present work deals with the influence of cryogenic coolants LN_2 delivered through holes made on flank surface and rake surface of tungsten carbide cutting tool inserts in turning of super duplex stainless steel (SDSS) using in-house developed cryogenic setup. Experiments were conducted with the cryogenically treat... | Process Capability Improvement Using Internally Cooled Cutting Tool Insert in Cryogenic Machining of Super Duplex Stainless Steel 2507 | 10.1007/978-981-15-2696-1_31 |
2020-01-01 | Deep cryogenic treatment (DCT) and secondary tempering for 40CrNiMoA steel were carried out to obtain the desirable microstructures corresponding to excellent mechanical properties suiting for the preparation of flex spline of harmonic drive reducer. The effects of DCT and secondary tempering on microstructural charact... | Influence of Deep Cryogenic Treatment and Secondary Tempering on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Medium-Carbon Low-Alloy Steels | 10.1007/s11665-019-04532-y |
2020-01-01 | This paper focuses on a new methodology, superconducting sensor for the estimation of gravitation perturbations, optical interferometer, and applied software that are capable to realize the method under the noise influence. This paper is oriented on the development of a cryogenic sensitive element with an accuracy of a... | Superconducting Gravimeters Based on Advanced Nanomaterials and Quantum Neural Network | 10.1007/978-94-024-2030-2_15 |
2020-01-01 | Biogas, an ultimate renewable energy, is of enormous demand currently, due to increased fuel price and its fluctuations with expansive pollution emission. Biogas is environmentally feasible and viable. Biomethane production is of high impact, and hence the present chapter is concentrated on various biogas upgradation t... | Recent Trends in Biogas Upgrading Technologies for Biomethane Production | 10.1007/978-981-13-8637-4_9 |
2020-01-01 | Biogas production has materialized as an auspicious technology for the conversion of renewable energy sources such as agricultural, animal, industrial and municipal wastes into a beneficial form of energy. Biogas production is a very attractive and changeling task because of its slower degradation and requires higher r... | Enhancement of Feedstock Composition and Fuel Properties for Biogas Production | 10.1007/978-981-15-0410-5_9 |
2020-01-01 | During the last two decades, a considerable effort has been dedicated to engineer resonant tunneling transport within the family of III-Nitride semiconductors. At the heart of this initiative, lies the outstanding material properties that this revolutionary family of semiconductors offers for manufacturing high-power u... | Resonant Tunneling Transport in Polar III-Nitride Heterostructures | 10.1007/978-3-030-20208-8_8 |
2020-01-01 | Frost heaving is a challenge for geotechnical engineers who deal with transportation infrastructure in a cold climate. To make a frost heave forecast and access reliability of soil masses engineers apply different numerical soil models calibrated by results of in-situ and numerical simulation tests. The recently develo... | Calibration of PLAXIS Frozen/Unfrozen Soil Model According to Results of Laboratory Tests and In-situ Monitoring | 10.1007/978-981-15-0454-9_12 |
2020-01-01 | Recent developments in applications such as high-temperature superconducting magnets, infrared detectors, and electronics components have led to an alarming increase in heat dissipation rate, which now far exceeds the capability of conventional heat pipe cooling systems. This trend is responsible for a recent transitio... | Experimental Investigation of Flat Plate Cryogenic Oscillating Heat Pipe | 10.1007/s10909-019-02243-1 |
2020-01-01 | Superconducting wigglers (SCWs) were introduced about 40 years ago and since then have been extensively used at many synchrotron radiation (SR) facilities around the world. The technology of SCWs progressed significantly due to innovative designs and the use of novel materials. SCWs have been established as reliable to... | Superconducting Wigglers and Undulators | 10.1007/978-3-030-23201-6_61 |
2020-01-01 | The ALOHA software was used to calculate the leak source strength of the cryogenic ethylene tank, and the calculation results were provided to the FDS software to set up the model. The study established a basic ethylene tank leakage scenario, and the diffusion process of ethylene was simulated by means of computational... | FDS Software Simulation for Control Effect of Fire Dikes on Leakage of Cryogenic Ethylene Storage Tank | 10.1007/978-981-32-9139-3_13 |
2020-01-01 | Owing to poor thermal conductivity, heat dissipation, and high chemical reactivity toward most of the tool materials, temperature elevation in the machining of titanium alloy leads to poor surface quality. Based on analyzing the variation laws of the milling forces under cryogenic cooling, the present investigation con... | Effect of liquid nitrogen cooling on surface integrity in cryogenic milling of Ti-6Al-4 V titanium alloy | 10.1007/s00170-019-04721-y |
2020-01-01 | The number of applications of high-temperature superconductors (HTS) in the power grid increases gradually. In order to achieve an efficient cooling system, HTS are put inside of a cryostat. In many cases the cooling medium can be used as insulation medium as well. With HTS, liquid nitrogen is an applicable cooling med... | Bushing for a Liquid Nitrogen Cryostat - A Novel Field Grading Material | 10.1007/978-3-030-31680-8_30 |
2020-01-01 | The simulation of cryogenic flows in rocket combustion chambers is challenging because we have to consider a reactive mixture over a wide temperature and density range. This necessitates the use of more advanced fluid models that impose additional computation overhead. In this study we compare two equation of state (EO... | Efficient Handling of Cryogenic Equation of State for the Simulation of Rocket Combustion Chambers | 10.1007/978-3-030-49626-5_2 |
2020-01-01 | This chapter presents details of cryogenic Cryogenic machining of titanium Titanium alloys. It discusses different innovative methods used in literature for cryogenic machining of titanium alloys. A detailed methodology is presented to design a sustainable Sustainable cryogenic fluid delivery setup. It also covers econ... | Titanium Machining Using Indigenously Developed Sustainable Cryogenic Machining Facility | 10.1007/978-3-030-18854-2_8 |
2020-01-01 | Due to their many advantages, flexible structures are increasingly being used as guide and transmission elements in handling systems. Prismatic solid-state joints with a concentrated cross-sectional reduction are predominantly used as flexure pivots for both microscopic and macroscopic designs. A transfer of these geom... | Numerical simulation and statistical analysis of a cascaded flexure hinge for use in a cryogenic working environment | 10.1007/978-3-662-61755-7_8 |
2020-01-01 | Absolute primary radiometric thermometry is a recently introduced term for an approach to measuring the thermodynamic temperature of a blackbody Blackbody using the accurate determination of the radiant flux Radiant flux that it emits in a known spectral band and known solid angle. The instrumental and metrological inf... | Absolute Primary Radiometric Thermometry | 10.1007/978-3-030-57789-6_9 |
2020-01-01 | The application of satellite technology in the Internet of Things (IOT) can just make up for the defects of the ground system for its wide coverage and anti-damage. More and more satellites will participate in IOT. Due to the environmental protection exhaust and high specific impulse of cryogenic propellants like liqui... | Theoretical and Experimental Comparisons of the Self-pressurization in a Cryogenic Storage Tank for IOT Application | 10.1007/978-3-030-44751-9_25 |
2020-01-01 | Transmission soft x-ray microscopy (SXM) is well suited to visualizing and quantifying mesoscale biology, that is to say structures ranging from the size of a typical molecular machine up to an intact cell. In SXM, the specimen is illuminated with “water window” soft x-rays (i.e., photons with energies in the range 284... | Putting Molecules in the Picture: Using Correlated Light Microscopy and Soft X-Ray Tomography to Study Cells | 10.1007/978-3-030-23201-6_43 |
2020-01-01 | Abstract Credible data on the actual characteristics of thin-film platinum temperature sensors with a nominal value of 1000 Ω in a wide temperature range of 3.8–370 K derived from long-term experimental studies of a large batch of 130 sensors are presented (most likely, for the first time). These characteristics are th... | Application of Pt1000 C420 Thin-Film Temperature Sensors at Superconducting and Other Types of Facilities | 10.1134/S1547477120010124 |
2020-01-01 | Cryopreservation is an age-old technology which was practised in different forms. It has evolved from preserving cells in snow to liquid nitrogen. As necessity is the mother of invention, the need for mankind invents new technologies. Cryopreservation is also such a technology which helped increasing the livestock prod... | Cryopreservation: History and Development | 10.1007/978-981-15-4025-7_6 |
2020-01-01 | It is now approaching 50 years since the first reports were made on cryopreservation of mammalian embryos with successful recoveries and subsequent live births. These successes were the result of growing shared knowledge between the fields of reproductive biology and cryobiology. Once manipulation of human embryos beca... | Cryopreservation of Human Embryos: Basic Principles and Current Considerations | 10.1007/978-981-15-2377-9_57 |
2020-01-01 | Nowadays with growing pollution and contamination by hydrocarbon (petroleum) based cutting fluids, the scope for vegetable or synthetic biodegradable esters based eco-friendly cutting fluids is increasing. In this review work, the main focus is on sustainable Sustainable machining using advanced cutting fluid applicati... | Role of Eco-friendly Cutting Fluids and Cooling Techniques in Machining | 10.1007/978-3-030-18854-2_7 |
2020-01-01 | Adoption of sustainable machining techniques shall offer the local industry a cost-effective route to improve its environmental, economic and social footprint when it comes to machine difficult-to-cut materials. This experimental study investigates the behavior of sustainable cutting fluid approaches on active cutting ... | Energy Efficiency Analysis for Machining Magnesium Metal Matrix Composites Using In-House Developed Hybrid Machining Facilities | 10.1007/978-3-030-44248-4_13 |
2020-01-01 | Third-generation synchrotron radiation (SR) X-rays have transformed structural biology research in the past decades with the advent of high-brilliance undulator X-ray beams. Combined with developments in microfocus beams, area detectors, and data analysis software, it is now possible to determine large complex structur... | Structural Biology Applications of Synchrotron Radiation and X-Ray Free-Electron Lasers | 10.1007/978-3-030-23201-6_44 |
2020-01-01 | Cryogenic CO_2 capture technology is one of the emerging technologies used for natural gas purification. Thermodynamic phase study of the natural gas has a significant effect on the cryogenic CO_2 removal from natural gas. The present work describes the impact of composition on CO_2 freeze-out and critical locus of the... | The Effect of Composition on CO_2 Freeze-Out and Critical Locus of Binary CO_2–CH_4 Mixture | 10.1007/978-981-15-5753-8_1 |
2020-01-01 | The effect of heat treatment and deep cryogenic treatment on microstructural evolution of low carbon martensitic bearing steel was investigated. The experimental results showed that the lath martensite was obtained by quenching and a few twins as substructures formed in some martensitic laths. The rudiment of sub-inter... | Effect of deep cryogenic treatment on martensitic lath refinement and nano-twins formation of low carbon bearing steel | 10.1007/s42243-019-00356-1 |
2020-01-01 | Martensitic grade SS410 is used extensively for manufacturing of turbine blades and other hydro-machinery components. During working of such components, due to poor mechanical properties of the material, the components lose its functionality and life of such components decreases. In this regard, the improvement in the ... | Effect of Cryogenic Treatment on Mechanical and Metallurgical Properties of SS410 | 10.1007/978-981-15-4619-8_17 |
2020-01-01 | Surface integrity of machined subsurface is an important aspect in any machining process especially in high accuracy demand industries like aerospace. As is known, Inconel 718 is a difficult to machine material and in most cases, Inconel 718 will be resulting an excessive heat generated at the cutting zone which can ca... | Enhancement of Surface Integrity in Cryogenic High Speed Ball Nose End Milling Process of Inconel 718 | 10.1007/978-981-15-0950-6_78 |
2020-01-01 | It is always interesting and exciting to get some information on the history of an activity. A survey starting from liquefaction of the “permanent” gases up to the present state of cryogenic refrigeration is described. | The Saga of Cryogenic Refrigeration | 10.1007/978-3-030-51677-2_16 |
2020-01-01 | Bangladesh is enriched with aquatic biodiversity and ranked third in Asia after China and India. It has highly potential fisheries resources comprising 260 freshwater fish, 475 marine fish, 24 freshwater prawn, and 36 marine shrimp species. The country produced 4.134 million metric tons fish in the year 2017, in which ... | Potential of Fish Gamete Cryopreservation in Conservation Programs in Bangladesh | 10.1007/978-981-15-4025-7_14 |
2020-01-01 | Thick section of cold-rolled austenite stainless steel Steel AISI 316 is widely used in heat exchangers, jet engines, furnace parts, exhaust manifolds, fast breeder test rector, etc., because of its high strength, corrosion Corrosion , and pitting Pitting resistance properties at high working temperature 400–550 °C app... | Effect of Thermal Aging on Impact Toughness of Electron Beam-Welded AISI 316 Stainless Steel | 10.1007/978-3-030-36628-5_16 |
2020-01-01 | Liquid based AM processes are varied: in one extreme very big parts can be made by photopolymerization and in the other extreme thinner lines are deposited for electronics applications; besides, this is the liquid which has started non-layer based AM processes. This chapter has brought all processes together, though it... | Liquid Based Additive Layer Manufacturing | 10.1007/978-3-030-45089-2_8 |
2020-01-01 | Electrical discharge machining (EDM), based on thermal erosion principle, is used to machine materials in the area of aerospace, surface texturing, die, and mold manufacturing. In this work, an attempt is made to use oil extracted from vegetable as dielectric fluid and to carry out optimization study of EDM using Taguc... | Optimization of Process Parameters Using Hybrid Taguchi and VIKOR Method in Electrical Discharge Machining Process | 10.1007/978-981-13-8196-6_46 |
2020-01-01 | The paper gives examples of determining the causes of roadbed deformations and its strengthening on the Baikal-Amur Mainline and Amur-Yakutsk Mainline, the Berkakit–Tommot section. The main principles determining the construction in permafrost areas are, on the one hand, low capital and running costs of an immediate no... | Complex Solutions for Providing Roadbed Stability on Permafrost | 10.1007/978-981-15-0450-1_24 |
2020-01-01 | Abstract Numerical simulation of 2D Cryogenic Pulsating Heat Pipe (CPHP) is carried out with near critical diameter. Liquid nitrogen is used as working fluid for targeting cryogenic applications in the range from 77 to 123 K. The volume of fluid (VOF) model is considered for two phase simulations. The evaporator and co... | CFD Analysis of Cryogenic Pulsating Heat Pipe with Near Critical Diameter under Varying Gravity Conditions | 10.1134/S0040579520010212 |
2020-01-01 | The paper covers the results of phenomena and process researches that influence deformations in soil bases in the annual cycle. The target research focuses on deformations in an embankment under operation in severe natural climatic, engineering and geological conditions. The causes of a road exploitation in permafrost ... | Soil Research for Strengthening Railroad Bed Design in Cold Regions of Far East | 10.1007/978-3-030-37919-3_6 |
2020-01-01 | Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are a physio- and pharmacologically highly relevant class of complex saccharides, possessing a linear sequence and strongly acidic character. Their repetitive linear core makes them seem structurally simple at first glance, yet differences in sulfation and epimerization lead to an enormous str... | IR action spectroscopy of glycosaminoglycan oligosaccharides | 10.1007/s00216-019-02327-7 |
2019-12-19 | Temperature variation is one of the primary factors influencing the physical properties of rocks. Currently, research on improvement of energy efficiency in comminution of rocks using various pre-treatment methods is an important topic, worldwide. So, a proper pre-treatment for rocks reduces the energy required for com... | Influence of individual and combined pre-treatment on the strength properties of granite and sandstone | 10.1007/s12517-019-5009-5 |
2019-12-01 | The cryogenic machining and cryogenic treatment have already emerged as the sustainable manufacturing process of the future generation. The cryogenic treatment improves the cutting tool life, but the high cutting temperature developed during high-speed machining reduces the effect of cryogenic treatment of cutting tool... | Experimental investigation of cryogenic end milling on maraging steel using cryogenically treated tungsten carbide-cobalt inserts | 10.1007/s00170-019-04387-6 |
2019-12-01 | An urgent issue in research of inertial confinement fusion (ICF) is the development of the scientific, engineering, and technological base to settle the problem of quality protection of the fuel layer during the high repetition rate delivery of a cryogenic fuel target (CFT) to the focus of a high-power laser facility o... | Multilevel System for Protecting the Cryogenic Target during Its Delivery to the Focus of High-Power Laser Facility at High Repetition Rate | 10.1134/S1063778819070019 |
2019-12-01 | In the PANDA experiment of the FAIR project, it is proposed to use internal targets based on the hydrogen isotopes that provide a monodisperse regime of flow generation of solid spherical pellets with the diameter from 15–40 µm with the frequency from several tens of to several hundred kilohertz. The process for genera... | Data Acquisition and Diagnostic System for Prototype of PANDA Pellet Target | 10.1134/S1063778819120135 |
2019-12-01 | Abstract This article describes an experimental facility, which simulates the natural operating conditions of radiative coolers used for cooling photo-detectors of electronic optical equipment of spacecraft. The composition and main properties of the facility and the specific features of thermal vacuum tests at cryogen... | Simulating the Operational Conditions of Radiative Coolers for Photo-Detectors of Optoelectronic Equipment in Ground Thermal Vacuum Tests | 10.1134/S0038094619070116 |
2019-12-01 | Cryogenic machining is an environmentally friendly process; liquid nitrogen (LN2) is sprayed onto cutting tool to reduce cutting temperature, increasing tool life. Cutting temperature and force were numerically predicted during cryogenic assisted milling with an internal coolant-assisted tool holder (internal cryogenic... | Numerical and experimental study of end-milling process of titanium alloy with a cryogenic internal coolant supply | 10.1007/s00170-019-04425-3 |
2019-11-15 | A helium cryogenic system is designed by the Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, to supply different cooling powers to the cryomodules of ion-Linac (iLinac) accelerator, which serves as the injector of the High Intensity Heavy-Ion Accelerator Facility project. The iLinac is a superconducting heavy... | Cryogenic system design for HIAF iLinac | 10.1007/s41365-019-0700-5 |
2019-11-15 | The infrared focal plane array (IRFPA) is gradually becoming more systematic. In order to enhance the signal processing capabilities, analog-to-digital converters (ADC) integrated into the readout integrated circuit (ROIC) is an important development trend. However, the cryogenic effects of MOSFET devices will affect t... | Design of a readout circuit incorporating a 12-bit analog-to-digital converter for cooled infrared focal plane array | 10.1007/s11082-019-2084-5 |
2019-11-01 | The geophysical investigations are carried out at the Kangalass open pit coal mine using the round penetrating radar and electrical tomography. The main frost effects in rock mass and in water retaining dam are described. The investigation procedure is developed, and the wave fields are characterized. The GPR surveys a... | Geocryological Analysis of Rocks to Predict Adverse Freeze-and-Thaw Effects | 10.1134/S1062739119066417 |
2019-11-01 | The effect of cryogenic treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of CoCrFeMnNi and CoCrFeMnNi(NbC) high-entropy alloys was investigated during annealing. The heat-treated samples were characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy–wavelength-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, x-ray diffr... | Cryogenic Treatment of CoCrFeMnNi(NbC) High-Entropy Alloys | 10.1007/s11665-019-04439-8 |
2019-11-01 | The application of components often depends to a large extent on the properties of the surface layer. A novel process chain for the production of components with a hardened surface layer from metastable austenitic steel was presented. The investigated metastable austenitic AISI 347 steel was cold-drawn in solution anne... | Combination of cold drawing and cryogenic turning for modifying surface morphology of metastable austenitic AISI 347 steel | 10.1007/s42243-019-00306-x |
2019-10-01 | The structure and physical properties of polyimide matrix composites lead to serious tool wear. And the cutting force is the obvious effect on machining efficiency in dry and cryogenic milling process. A predicted model was fabricated considering cutting temperature. The cryogenic cooling milling method was executed fo... | Milling force of quartz fiber–reinforced polyimide composite based on cryogenic cooling | 10.1007/s00170-019-04050-0 |
2019-10-01 | Ti-6Al-4V with its ELI variant is a potential biomaterial for structural implants. However, its poor resistance to plastic shearing results in poor tribological properties that hinders its widespread use in biomedical implants. Cryogenic treatment being an established technique for improving wear resistance and other m... | Impact of Cryogenic Treatment on Mechanical Behavior and Microstructure of Ti-6Al-4V ELI Biomaterial | 10.1007/s11665-019-04338-y |
2019-10-01 | Additive manufacturing (AM) processes are rapidly growing, thanks to the chance they offer for the component customization in terms of both in-service performances and geometrical features. Nevertheless, AM products still need finishing operations to obtain suitable surface finish, which may introduce machinability iss... | Improving surface integrity and corrosion resistance of additive manufactured Ti6Al4V alloy by cryogenic machining | 10.1007/s00170-019-04180-5 |
2019-10-01 | Nickel alloys such as Inconel 718 have been widely used in the aerospace, oil and gas, and chemical industries, since they have excellent properties that combine high creep resistance and high mechanical strength, fatigue and corrosion. However, these properties make these alloys extremely difficult to machine, due to ... | Surface integrity of INCONEL 718 turned under cryogenic conditions at high cutting speeds | 10.1007/s00170-019-03946-1 |
2019-10-01 | Abstract— The paper is targeted at positioning the cryogenic soils in the recent classification system of Russian soils. An on-line discussion and recent publications demonstrated significant differences in conceptual approaches to cryogenic soils, as well as their unaccounted diversity in the permafrost zone and their... | Problems of the Cryogenic Soils’ Diagnostics in the Recent Russian Soil Classification System | 10.1134/S1064229319080106 |
2019-09-16 | We describe an instrumental configuration for the structural characterization of fragment ions generated by collisional dissociation of peptide ions in the typical MS^2 scheme widely used for peptide sequencing. Structures are determined by comparing the vibrational band patterns displayed by cryogenically cooled ions ... | Integration of High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry with Cryogenic Ion Vibrational Spectroscopy | 10.1007/s13361-019-02238-y |
2019-09-09 | 17-4 precipitation-hardenable (PH) stainless steel is one of the widely used materials in various applications of engineering practices owing to their excellent corrosion resistance and high strength. The components such as automotive body, aerospace compressor blades, turbine blades and molds demand higher load carryi... | Enhancement of surface integrity by cryogenic diamond burnishing toward the improved functional performance of the components | 10.1007/s40430-019-1918-1 |
2019-09-06 | In the present research, the effects of Nickel (Ni) and Chromium (Cr) on cryogenic impact toughness (CIT) of low-carbon bainite/martensite multiphase steels [processed by two different cooling processes: isothermal transformation process (ITP) and continuous cooling process (CCP)] were investigated. It was found that d... | Effects of Ni and Cr on Cryogenic Impact Toughness of Bainite/Martensite Multiphase Steels | 10.1007/s12540-019-00262-x |
2019-09-01 | The scarcity of fossil fuels and the worldwide pollution have led the scientific community to seek renewable energy alternatives. In particular, biogas has become a potential alternative fuel to be employed instead of traditional energies. Biogas is mainly composed by methane (CH_4) and carbon dioxide (CO_2). To obtain... | Biogas upgrading by cryogenic techniques | 10.1007/s10311-019-00872-2 |
2019-09-01 | In this paper, a new high-temperature superconducting (HTS)-based microwave radiometer with an improved sensitivity is presented. The cryogenic receiver front end consists of an HTS filter and a cryogenic low noise amplifier (LNA). The cryogenic receiver front end shows an ultra-low noise figure and can suppress radio ... | A High-Order L-Band HTS Filter for Sensitive Detecting | 10.1007/s10948-019-5070-z |
2019-09-01 | A numerical study of the performance of a single-stage Gifford–McMahon refrigerator was performed. A description of the mathematical model of the refrigerator operating with an unsteady flow of helium is given. Adequacy of the mathematical model was confirmed by comparing its results with published reliable data on tes... | Improving the Efficiency of a Gifford–Mcmahon Cryogenic Refrigerator | 10.1007/s10556-019-00636-3 |
2019-09-01 | Mechanical properties of two high-strength metallic alloys, fabricated using additive manufacturing (AM) technology, were characterised down to − 269 °C. A test setup has been developed to accommodate the specific sample geometry and manufacturing conditions for these tests. Tensile, compression, pin-bearing, and shear... | Innovative setup for cryogenic mechanical testing of high-strength metallic alloys | 10.1007/s12567-019-0239-7 |
2019-09-01 | Abstract— A destructive peat horizon T_md of bare peat circles on flat-topped peat mounds in the north of Western Siberia differs from peat horizons (T) of typical peat soils in its higher density, water content, and comminution of peat residues; lower microbial biomass; low mineralization and hydrolase activities; low... | Microbiological Characteristics of Bare Peat Circles on Flat-Topped Peat Mounds in the North of Western Siberia | 10.1134/S1064229319090114 |
2019-09-01 | Abstract —Cryogenic treatments including shallow and deep cryogenic treatment are supplemental operations designed to improve wear resistance and increase the hardness of a variety of tool and hardening steels. In this research, the effect of cryogenic treatment was investigated on the microstructure and wear behavior ... | The Effect of Deep Cryogenic Treatment on Microstructure and Wear Behavior of H11 Tool Steel | 10.1134/S0031918X19090035 |
2019-09-01 | Abstract —This study investigated the effect of deep cryogenic treatment (DCT) on the aging processes of Al–0.43Mg–1.27Si alloy. Differences in the mechanical properties and precipitation behavior between conventional treatment and DCT were analyzed by means of hardness test, tensile test, optical microscopy (OM), scan... | Effect of Deep Cryogenic Treatment on Aging Processes of Al–Mg–Si Alloy | 10.1134/S0031918X19070111 |
2019-08-15 | The present study concerns the cryogenic processing of metals with simultaneous analysis of x-ray diffraction in a synchrotron ring. The mechanical properties improvement related to cryogenic processing of metals is attributed to the partial suppression of dynamic recovery. Thus, commercially pure metals with different... | In Situ X-Ray Diffraction Analysis of Face-Centered Cubic Metals Deformed at Room and Cryogenic Temperatures | 10.1007/s11665-019-04226-5 |
2019-08-15 | A numerical model is developed to study fluid sloshing behavior in a liquid oxygen tank. Both external heat leak and the interfacial phase change are considered. The volume of fluid method is adopted to predict the interfacial fluctuation with the mesh motion treatment coupled. A sinusoidal wave is realized by the user... | Sloshing Behavior Under Different Initial Liquid Temperatures in a Cryogenic Fuel Tank | 10.1007/s10909-019-02167-w |
2019-08-01 | The formation and evolution of permafrost in China during the last 20 ka were reconstructed on the basis of large amount of paleo-permafrost remains and paleo-periglacial evidence, as well as paleo-glacial landforms, paleo-flora and paleofauna records. The results indicate that, during the local Last Glacial Maximum (L... | Evolution of permafrost in China during the last 20 ka | 10.1007/s11430-018-9272-0 |
2019-08-01 | The development of space engines with liquid propellants require use of highly engineered bearings. High nitrogen martensitic stainless steel (HNMS) is the newly developed steel and is the potential candidate for anti-friction bearings in cryogenic engines in launch vehicles. The present paper aimed to assess the effec... | Studies on Wear Behaviour and DBTT in Sub-zero Regimes of Cryo-Treated High Nitrogen Martensitic Stainless Steel (HNMS) | 10.1007/s12666-018-01555-2 |
2019-08-01 | Abstract Pintle injector has the advantages of wide throttle-ability by sustaining high combustion efficiency and weight lightening by replacing multi-injector elements with a single injector element. However, compared to typical injectors with a fixed shape, like shear coaxial or coaxial swirl injector, there are many... | Flow visualization of cryogenic spray from a movable pintle injector | 10.1007/s12650-019-00548-7 |
2019-08-01 | Aramid fiber–reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite is an anisotropic and heterogeneous material. And the machinability is strongly dependent on the fiber orientation. In this paper, a composite milling model was established based on fiber orientation θ . Meanwhile, a series of cryogenic cooling milling experiments we... | Milling properties of Kevlar 49 fiber composite based on fiber orientation in cryogenic cooling | 10.1007/s00170-019-03933-6 |
2019-07-19 | In this present research, a cryogenic machining system with adjustable jet temperature (− 196~20 °C) has been developed, and then a series of cutting experiments have been conducted to investigate the surface integrity of 35CrMnSiA high-strength steel under dry machining and cryogenic machining. The influences of cutti... | Experimental study on surface integrity in cryogenic milling of 35CrMnSiA high-strength steel | 10.1007/s00170-019-03577-6 |
2019-07-11 | The effects of cryogenic treatment (CT) and tempering-cryogenic treatment (TCT) on the microstructure and properties of coarse-grained WC–10Co cemented carbides with different carbon contents were researched. The binder phase, WC mean grain sizes, W solubility in the binder, relative magnetic saturation, densities, har... | Microstructure and properties of coarse-grained WC–10Co cemented carbides with different carbon contents during heat treatments | 10.1007/s12598-019-01276-5 |
2019-07-11 | PrFeB magnets, which possess excellent magnetic properties at low temperatures, have important application value as cryogenic permanent magnet undulators for synchrotron radiation sources and free electron lasers. In this research study, several high-performance PrFeB magnets (P42H, P48SH, and P48UH) were prepared, and... | Research on the comprehensive performance of PrFeB magnets for synchrotron radiation and free electron laser | 10.1007/s41365-019-0640-0 |
2019-07-01 | In this study, the high strain rate behavior of ultrafine grained (UFG) AA2219 alloy processed via multi axial forging at cryogenic temperature was investigated. Room temperature forged sample was used as a reference to determine the effects of significant grain size refinement on the dynamic response of the materials.... | Dynamic Failure Investigation in Ultrafine Grained AA2219: Mechanical and Microstructural Analysis | 10.1007/s12540-019-00254-x |
2019-07-01 | To determine the effect of liquid nitrogen (LN_2) cooling on the damage of heated rock, we conducted a series of physical and mechanical tests on Shandong granite samples. These granites were first slowly heated to the target temperatures (25~600 °C) and held for 10 h, followed by rapid cooling with a coolant. Three co... | Variations of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Heated Granite After Rapid Cooling with Liquid Nitrogen | 10.1007/s00603-018-1727-3 |
2019-07-01 | For higher tool life of cutting inserts cryogenic treatment is considered as the most prominent method but no substantial researches have been found concerning the impact of cryogenic treatment on cermet inserts especially in hard turning. Therefore, in the present experimental investigation, the comparative assessment... | Machinability Investigation and Cost Estimation During Finish Dry Hard Turning of AISI 4340 Steel with Untreated and Cryo Treated Cermet Inserts | 10.3103/S1063457619040051 |
2019-07-01 | High demand of lightweight material makes magnesium alloys and composites more suitable to aerospace and automotive industries. However, poor corrosion resistance and fatigue resistance make its applications limited. Due to inherent capability of machining processes, the surface characteristics of the component can be ... | Effect of Hybrid Machining Techniques on Machining Performance of In-House Developed Mg-PMMC | 10.1007/s12666-019-01652-w |
2019-07-01 | One of the key problems in the ICF program is the development of rapid methods for forming cryogenic fuel targets (CFT) for their feeding to the focus of a high-power laser setup or an ICF reactor. The simulation results on temporal parameters of the formation of reactor-scaled CFTs by the free-standing target (FST) me... | FST-Layering of High-Gain Direct-Drive Cryogenic Targets | 10.3103/S1068335619070054 |
2019-07-01 | Special features of the structural and mechanical behavior of aluminum alloy D16 under equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) and subsequent cooling to cryogenic temperatures are studied. The mean grain size, the conventional yield strength, and the elongation are determined. It is shown that the ECAP refines the grains... | Effect of Cryogenic Cooling After Ecap on Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Alloy D16 | 10.1007/s11041-019-00406-1 |
2019-07-01 | A complex mathematical model of the thermo-deformed state of a circular cylindrical shell reinforced by stringers for a vertically installed cryogenic tank during its filling was constructed. The model describes the local deviation of the shell generatrix due to the nonuniform temperature distribution and the action of... | Deformation of the Shell of the Cylindrical Cryogenic Tank during its Filling | 10.3103/S1068799819030024 |
2019-06-19 | Owing to superior physio-chemical characteristics, titanium alloys are widely adopted in numerous fields such as medical, aerospace, and military applications. However, titanium alloys have poor machinability due to its low thermal conductivity which results in high temperature during machining. Numerous lubrication an... | Effects of hybrid Al_2O_3-CNT nanofluids and cryogenic cooling on machining of Ti–6Al–4V | 10.1007/s00170-019-03485-9 |
2019-06-19 | The adiabatic shear band (ASB) is easily generated in high-speed cutting, as well as the serrated chip. The main factors are high temperature and elastoplastic instability. An adiabatic shear energy dissipation model was established and analyzed. A series of milling experiments were systematically conducted with cryoge... | Effect of cryogenic cooling on adiabatic shearing in processing titanium alloy | 10.1007/s00170-019-03380-3 |
2019-06-15 | El virus de la papa S (PVS) es uno de los más difíciles de eliminar por termoterapia debido a su punto de desactivación térmica. Los pretratamientos de ácido salicílico (AS) se han probado con éxito en métodos criogénicos para reducir el daño oxidativo y para la limpieza del virus mediante termoterapia. En la presente ... | Salicylic Acid-Cryotherapy Treatment for Elimination of Potato Virus S from Solanum Tuberosum | 10.1007/s12230-018-09694-4 |
2019-06-15 | Demand for titanium alloys in different sectors is increasing in recent years due to their outstanding strength-to-weight ratio, ability to retain strength at higher temperatures and resistance to wear. Machining of titanium Ti–6Al–4V has an adverse influence from the premature failure of the tool. Conventional cooling... | Performance Analysis of Machining Ti–6Al–4V Under Cryogenic CO_2 Using PVD-TiN Coated Tool | 10.1007/s11668-019-00667-1 |
2019-06-01 | 冲剪成形作为一种材料加工方法,经常用于加工一些成品零件。深冷处理在改善钢的局部力学 性能上有显著效果,但有关深冷处理对镁合金冲剪性能影响的研究较少。本文通过金相组织分析、拉 伸、硬度测试和冲剪实验等,分析了深冷处理对AZ31板冲剪性能的影响。结果表明:深冷处理后组 织中第二相数量增加,晶粒中出现大量孪晶。同时,AZ31镁合金的抗拉强度,延展性和硬度均得到 改善,而屈服强度在深冷处理后有所降低。此外,经深冷处理后的AZ31镁合金板在冲剪过程中,剪切强度降低,圆角半径变化不明显,横截面边缘的毛刺高度降低,光亮带所占比例明显增加。 Punch shearing is used to form the part in the materia... | Influence of AZ31 sheet treated by cryogenic on punch shearing | 10.1007/s11771-019-4114-7 |
2019-06-01 | Metalworking fluids (MWF’s) are frequently used for cooling and lubrication during machining processes in manufacturing industries. MWF’s such as soluble straight oils, synthetic oils, solid lubricants, bio lubricants contain a mix of water and mineral oil with some percentage of vegetable oils and petroleum. These MWF... | Replacement of Hazard Lubricants by Green Coolant in Machining of Ti6Al4V: A 3D FEM Approach | 10.1007/s12541-019-00111-2 |
2019-06-01 | Cryogenic turning of metastable austenitic steels allows for a surface layer hardening integrated into the machining process, which renders a separate hardening process obsolete. This surface layer hardening is the result of a superposition of strain hardening mechanisms and deformation-induced phase transformation fro... | Generation of deformation-induced martensite when cryogenic turning various batches of the metastable austenitic steel AISI 347 | 10.1007/s11740-018-00873-0 |
2019-06-01 | Combustion of cryogenic propellants is of great technological interest for researchers and scientists nowadays. Due to high specific impulse, the use of liquid oxygen and hydrogen as cryogenic propellants will have preferences in the years to come. In the present study, RCM-3 configuration of MASCOTTE test facility is ... | Numerical Simulation of Liquid Fuel Injection in Combustion Chamber | 10.1007/s13369-019-03774-1 |
2019-05-15 | The influence of the packing material and porosity in a lower stage of a regenerative heat exchanger on the operating efficiency of a GM cryocooler has been studied. Experiments were used to quantify the decrease in cooling capacity when replacing lead by tin. It is found that reduction in the porosity of the material ... | Influence of the Properties of Regenerative Heat Exchanger Packing Material on the Efficiency of a Gifford–Mcmahon Cryocooler | 10.1007/s10556-019-00593-x |
2019-05-01 | The microstructure distribution and distortion behavior of a cold work tool steel cylindrical specimen with keyway after quenching (QT) and deep cryogenic treatment (DCT) were evaluated in detail. Furthermore, from the viewpoints of thermal and volumetric strains, an attempt was made to reveal its distortion mechanism ... | Analysis of Distortion Mechanism of a Cold Work Tool Steel During Quenching and Deep Cryogenic Treatment | 10.1007/s12540-018-00220-z |
2019-05-01 | Painted surfaces are useful for thermal control in spacecrafts. Knowledge of emissivity of such painted surfaces over the range of working temperatures is critical in eventually deciding the adequacy of any thermal control strategy. In view of the very low temperatures involved and also because of the variation of temp... | Emissivity estimation of spacecraft thermal control surfaces at cryogenic temperatures – a novel experimental approach | 10.1007/s00231-018-2513-1 |
2019-05-01 | Currently, cryogenic coolants are used instead of normal cutting fluid in transferring excessive heat from the cutting region and retaining cutting tool edge sharpness during the machining process, and to eliminate the hazardous effects of cutting fluids. In this investigation, end milling experiments with various cool... | End milling of DIN 1.2714 die steel with cryogenic CO_2 cooling | 10.1007/s12206-019-0439-2 |
2019-04-15 | We have designed and characterized a cryogenic amplifier for use in $$^3$$ 3 He NMR spectrometry. The amplifier, with a power consumption of $$\sim 2.5$$ ∼ 2.5 mW, works at temperatures down to 4 K. It has a high-impedance input for measuring a signal from NMR resonant circuit, and a 50 $${\Omega }$$ Ω differential i... | Cryogenic Differential Amplifier for NMR Applications | 10.1007/s10909-018-02130-1 |
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