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With the graphical view you will get a quick overview about, which university perform better under chosen criteria. Best universities will appear in the centre of the chart.
For each subject a number of criteria are used for the ranking. You can choose up to 6 criteria under Change criteria. By changing the criteria you will also affect the result. The ranking group points show you how the universities make it in chosen criteria. You will get detailed information about the results by clicking on the name of the university. For further information about the assortment logic please click here.
By clicking on the green tip beside the name of the university you can see how the position in the chart of the specific university changes. Besides you can also compare marked universities together in chosen criteria.
Here you find an overview of the universities in the ranking with some selected results.
Click on the names of the universities to see the detailed results!
The tabular view gives you an overview about the universities, which offer the field of study you have chosen. On the basis of 4 to 6 selected criteria you get an impression about how the universities perform in the national comparison.
Click on Change criteria and compile your own personal ranking by choosing up to 6 criteria out of the list. More detailed information about ranking criteria and their meaning for the choice of university you can find here.
At default the universities are displayed in alphabetical order. You can also order the universities by rank groups. Subsequently universities will be sorted by number of top group positions (green dots), thereafter by number of middle group positions (yellow dots) and at last by number of bottom group positions (blue dots). If several universities are equal on the basis of these criteria, these universities will be displayed in alphabetical order. For further information about the assortment logic please click here. | <urn:uuid:c8a0323a-0d12-4184-8ac5-b7bf15f7497f> | 2013-05-23T19:06:03Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Ten thousand people were killed and 10 to 15 million left homeless when a cyclone slammed into India's eastern coastal state of Orissa in October 1999. In the aftermath, CARE and the Catholic Relief Society distributed a high-nutrition mixture of corn and soy meal provided by the U.S. Agency for International Development to thousands of hungry storm victims. Oddly, this humanitarian act elicited cries of outrage.
"We call on the government of India and the state government of Orissa to immediately withdraw the corn-soya blend from distribution," said Vandana Shiva, director of the New Delhi-based Research Foundation for Science, Technology, and Ecology. "The U.S. has been using the Orissa victims as guinea pigs for GM [genetically modified] products which have been rejected by consumers in the North, especially Europe." Shiva's organization had sent a sample of the food to a lab in the U.S. for testing to see if it contained any of the genetically improved corn and soy bean varieties grown by tens of thousands of farmers in the United States. Not surprisingly, it did.
"Vandana Shiva would rather have her people in India starve than eat bioengineered food," says C.S. Prakash, a professor of plant molecular genetics at Tuskegee University in Alabama. Per Pinstrup-Andersen, director general of the International Food Policy Research Institute, observes: "To accuse the U.S. of sending genetically modified food to Orissa in order to use the people there as guinea pigs is not only wrong; it is stupid. Worse than rhetoric, it's false. After all, the U.S. doesn't need to use Indians as guinea pigs, since millions of Americans have been eating genetically modified food for years now with no ill effects."
Shiva not only opposes the food aid but is also against "golden rice," a crop that could prevent blindness in half a million to 3 million poor children a year and alleviate vitamin A deficiency in some 250 million people in the developing world. By inserting three genes, two from daffodils and one from a bacterium, scientists at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology created a variety of rice that produces the nutrient beta-carotene, the precursor to vitamin A. Agronomists at the International Rice Research Institute in the Philippines plan to crossbreed the variety, called "golden rice" because of the color produced by the beta-carotene, with well-adapted local varieties and distribute the resulting plants to farmers all over the developing world.
Last June, at a Capitol Hill seminar on biotechnology sponsored by the Congressional Hunger Center, Shiva airily dismissed golden rice by claiming that "just in the state of Bengal 150 greens which are rich in vitamin A are eaten and grown by the women." A visibly angry Martina McGloughlin, director of the biotechnology program at the University of California at Davis, said "Dr. Shiva's response reminds me of... Marie Antoinette, [who] suggested the peasants eat cake if they didn't have access to bread." Alexander Avery of the Hudson Institute's Center for Global Food Issues noted that nutritionists at UNICEF doubted it was physically possible to get enough vitamin A from the greens Shiva was recommending. Furthermore, it seems unlikely that poor women living in shanties in the heart of Calcutta could grow greens to feed their children.
The apparent willingness of biotechnology's opponents to sacrifice people for their cause disturbs scientists who are trying to help the world's poor. At the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science last February, Ismail Serageldin, the director of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research, posed a challenge: "I ask opponents of biotechnology, do you want 2 to 3 million children a year to go blind and 1 million to die of vitamin A deficiency, just because you object to the way golden rice was created?"
Vandana Shiva is not alone in her disdain for biotechnology's potential to help the poor. Mae-Wan Ho, a reader in biology at London's Open University who advises another activist group, the Third World Network, also opposes golden rice. And according to a New York Times report on a biotechnology meeting held last March by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Benedikt Haerlin, head of Greenpeace's European anti-biotech campaign, "dismissed the importance of saving African and Asian lives at the risk of spreading a new science that he considered untested."
Shiva, Ho, and Haerlin are leaders in a growing global war against crop biotechnology, sometimes called "green biotech" (to distinguish it from medical biotechnology, known as "red biotech"). Gangs of anti-biotech vandals with cute monikers such as Cropatistas and Seeds of Resistance have ripped up scores of research plots in Europe and the U.S. The so-called Earth Liberation Front burned down a crop biotech lab at Michigan State University on New Year's Eve in 1999, destroying years of work and causing $400,000 in property damage. (See "Crop Busters," January.) Anti-biotech lobbying groups have proliferated faster than bacteria in an agar-filled petri dish: In addition to Shiva's organization, the Third World Network, and Greenpeace, they include the Union of Concerned Scientists, the Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy, the Institute of Science in Society, the Rural Advancement Foundation International, the Ralph Nader-founded Public Citizen, the Council for Responsible Genetics, the Institute for Food and Development Policy, and that venerable fount of biotech misinformation, Jeremy Rifkin's Foundation on Economic Trends. The left hasn't been this energized since the Vietnam War. But if the anti-biotech movement is successful, its victims will include the downtrodden people on whose behalf it claims to speak.
"We're in a war," said an activist at a protesters' gathering during the November 1999 World Trade Organization meeting in Seattle. "We're going to bury this first wave of biotech." He summed up the basic strategy pretty clearly: "The first battle is labeling. The second battle is banning it."
Later that week, during a standing-room-only "biosafety seminar" in the basement of a Seattle Methodist church, the ubiquitous Mae-Wan Ho declared, "This warfare against nature must end once and for all." Michael Fox, a vegetarian "bioethicist" from the Humane Society of the United States, sneered: "We are very clever little simians, aren't we? Manipulating the bases of life and thinking we're little gods." He added, "The only acceptable application of genetic engineering is to develop a genetically engineered form of birth control for our own species." This creepy declaration garnered rapturous applause from the assembled activists.
Despite its unattractive side, the global campaign against green biotech has had notable successes in recent years. Several leading food companies, including Gerber and Frito-Lay, have been cowed into declaring that they will not use genetically improved crops to make their products. Since 1997, the European Union has all but outlawed the growing and importing of biotech crops and food. Last May some 60 countries signed the Biosafety Protocol, which mandates special labels for biotech foods and requires strict notification, documentation, and risk assessment procedures for biotech crops. Activists have launched a "Five-Year Freeze" campaign that calls for a worldwide moratorium on planting genetically enhanced crops.
For a while, it looked like the United States might resist the growing hysteria, but in December 1999 the Environmental Protection Agency announced that it was reviewing its approvals of biotech corn crops, implying that it might ban the crops in the future. Last May the Food and Drug Administration, which until now has evaluated biotech foods solely on their objective characteristics, not on the basis of how they were produced, said it would formulate special rules for reviewing and approving products with genetically modified ingredients. U.S. Rep. Dennis Kucinich (D-Ohio) has introduced a bill that would require warning labels on all biotech foods.
In October, news that a genetically modified corn variety called StarLink that was approved only for animal feed had been inadvertently used in two brands of taco shells prompted recalls, front-page headlines, and anxious recriminations. Lost in the furor was the fact that there was little reason to believe the corn was unsafe for human consumption-only an implausible, unsubstantiated fear that it might cause allergic reactions. Even Aventis, the company which produced StarLink, agreed that it was a serious mistake to have accepted the EPA's approval for animal use only. Most proponents favor approving biotech crops only if they are determined to be safe for human consumption.
To decide whether the uproar over green biotech is justified, you need to know a bit about how it works. Biologists and crop breeders can now select a specific useful gene from one species and splice it into an unrelated species. Previously plant breeders were limited to introducing new genes through the time-consuming and inexact art of crossbreeding species that were fairly close relatives. For each cross, thousands of unwanted genes would be introduced into a crop species. Years of "backcrossing"-breeding each new generation of hybrids with the original commercial variety over several generations-were needed to eliminate these unwanted genes so that only the useful genes and characteristics remained. The new methods are far more precise and efficient. The plants they produce are variously described as "transgenic," "genetically modified," or "genetically engineered."
Plant breeders using biotechnology have accomplished a great deal in only a few years. For example, they have created a class of highly successful insect-resistant crops by incorporating toxin genes from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis. Farmers have sprayed B.t. spores on crops as an effective insecticide for decades. Now, thanks to some clever biotechnology, breeders have produced varieties of corn, cotton, and potatoes that make their own insecticide. B.t. is toxic largely to destructive caterpillars such as the European corn borer and the cotton bollworm; it is not harmful to birds, fish, mammals, or people. | <urn:uuid:96608448-4ecb-4e5b-b285-de526bb85460> | 2013-05-23T19:05:06Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Pop Up Grill
This transportable and collapsible grill was conceived as a sustainable alternative to disposable grills. It can be used with charcoal, briquettes or over an open fire. A simple, tapered form gives it a high degree of functionality and makes for low-cost production. It is stable even on an uneven surface. It comes with a tote bag and strap for easy transport.
Statement by the jury
»A completely thought-through product solution which dares to be simple and addresses the demands of ecology and functionality.« | <urn:uuid:d7641fc3-6858-4c0b-94c6-2c4f00d1d4bb> | 2013-05-23T18:44:53Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Hillary Clinton doubts Assad will follow U.N. peace plan for Syria
ISTANBUL — U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton expressed doubt Sunday about whether President Bashar Assad would ever adhere to a U.N.-sponsored peace plan to end Syria's year of bloodshed, and urged world solidarity against a regime that she said was waging war on its own people.
Clinton told the 60 nations attending the "Friends of the Syrian People" conference in Turkey that no one could "sit back and wait any longer," even as the United States refuses to entertain military options to intervene in the crisis. Instead, she urged unity behind a plan that includes more sanctions, humanitarian aid, support for the opposition and the promise of justice one day for the Assad regime's willing accomplices in human rights atrocities.
"We meet at an urgent moment for Syria and the region," Clinton said.
International pressure forced Assad to agree to U.N. mediator Kofi Annan's proposal, which includes an immediate a cease-fire, she noted, adding that "nearly a week has gone by, and we have to conclude that the regime is adding to its long list of broken promises."
The meeting aims to further isolate Assad's government and bolster a divided Syrian opposition. The United States and its European and Arab allies have papered over some of their own disagreements on how best to advance the cause of the opposition and help bring about the regime's collapse, with countries agreeing for now to hold off on military options from directly arming the anti-Assad rebels to creating buffer or safe zones within Syria for them to operate.
Clinton lamented that Assad promised to pull his regime's forces back, silence its heavy weapons, allow peaceful demonstration and access for humanitarian aid and journalists. He also should begin a political transition, she said.
But, "rather than pull back, Assad's troops have launched new assaults on Syrian cities and towns," she said. "Rather than allowing access for humanitarian aid, security forces have tightened their siege of residential neighborhoods in Homs and elsewhere. And rather than beginning a political transition, the regime has crushed dozens of peaceful protests."
Annan has urged the Syrian government to lay down its arms first, a challenge Assad's loyalists are rejecting. On Saturday, Foreign Ministry spokesman Jihad Makdessi said the government will not pull tanks and troops from towns and cities engulfed by unrest before life returns to normal there, describing the military's actions as those to reinforce "stability."
Activists reported fresh violence Saturday that killed more than two dozen people. The U.N. estimates more than 9,000 people have been killed since the uprising to oust Assad began in March 2011.
Clinton said Syrians will continue to defend themselves until Assad halts the violence. She said they should simultaneously build momentum "toward a new Syria: free, unified and at peace." Continued...
The U.S. and other countries are trying to help a splintered opposition coalesce. As part of that effort, they are helping the leading Syrian National Council restructure itself to be more transparent and inclusive so that minority and other groups still supportive of the Assad regime will break ranks. For those groups wishing to remain outside the SNC, Washington hopes they'll at least unite around a "common vision for a free, democratic and pluralist Syria that protects the rights of all citizens and all communities."
As part of U.S. efforts to know more about the opposition, Clinton met with five people including SNC chief Burhan Ghalioun and Christian and Islamist representatives. Asked directly by one woman for more assistance, Clinton said it had been difficult to gauge how best to aid the opposition, but that the world was now coming with more help.
The top U.S. diplomat also announced $12 million in additional aid for Syria's people — doubling the total American assistance so far. And she said the U.S. was providing communications equipment to help opposition members in Syria organize, remain in contact with the outside world and evade regime attacks.
The Obama administration is also championing a new program to ensure accountability for individuals who commit atrocities in Syria, should the regime fall. The program works as a kind of database that allows Syrians to document abuses, identify perpetrators and store evidence for future investigations and prosecutions.
"Our message must be clear to those who give the orders and those who carry them out," Clinton said. "Stop killing your fellow citizens or you will face serious consequences. Your countrymen will not forget, and neither will the international community."
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Guide to Religious Services
Note: All listings are paid advertisements.
Bethlehem Baptist Fellowship
Meeting at the Bethlehem Elementary School
92 East Street, Bethlehem, CT 06751
Sunday Morning Service at 9:00 a.m.
Tuesday Evening Bible Study at 7:00 p.m.
Currently studying the Book of Isaiah on Tuesday nights from 7-8 p.m.
We welcome newcomers.
Unity in the Foothills
102 Prospect Street, Torrington, Ct 06790
Sunday Celebration at 10:30 a.m.
Sunday School at 10:45 a.m.
March 11 Special Guest: Phil Shiva Jones - Sunday's Lesson on Eastern Vedantic/Hindu philosophy
March 11 at 1:00 Join us for a Didgeridoo workshop - fun to be had by all.
Easter Services Special: Good Friday Service at 7:00
First United Methodist Church
21 Fern Drive, Torrington, CT 06790
Rev. Barbara B. Shaffer, Pastor
Sunday Service at 9:30 a.m.
Sunday School from 10:45 a.m. to 11:45 a.m.
Pre-K thru Adult
Northfield Bible Church
10 Camp Hill Road, Northfield, CT 06778
Bible Doctrines Class: Sunday at 9:00 a.m.
Sunday Service at 10:00 a.m.
Bible Study: Wednesday at 7:00 p.m.
Pot Luck Supper every 4th Friday of the Month at 6:15 p.m.
Immaculate Conception Church
4 North Street, Norfolk, CT 06058
860-542-5442 or 860-542-1536
Saturday -Vigil Mass at 6:00 p.m.
Sunday - Mass at 11 a.m.
Monday and Tuesday at 8:00 a.m.
Eucharistic Adoration prior to Mass Fridays throughout Lent
Stations of the Cross at 7 p.m.
Light supper provided at 6:15 p.m.
Monday March 12 - Pennance Service with reconciliation at 6:30 p.m.
Saturday March 31 - Vigil for Palm Sunday 6 p.m. Mass
April 1 - Palm Sunday Mass at 11:00 a.m.
April 5 - Holy Thursday Confession 11:00 a.m. to 12 noon
April 6 - Good Friday - Stations of the Cross 7:00 p.m.
April 7 - Holy Saturday Confession 10:00 a.m. to 12 noon.
April 8 - Easter Sunday Mass at 11:00 a.m.
Saint Joseph Church
4 Main Street, Canaan, Ct
Saturday - Vigil Mass at 4:00 p.m.
Sunday - Mass at 8:30 a.m.
Wednesday and Friday 7:30 a.m.
Eucharistic Adoration prior to Mass
Geer Nursing - 1st Tuesday at 2 p.m.
Communion Services - 3rd Tuesday at 10:30 a.m.
Fridays throughout Lent - Stations of the Cross at 5:30 p.m.
March 31 - Saturday Vigil for Palm Sunday Mass at 4:00 p.m.
April 1 - Palm Sunday Mass at 8:30 a.m.
April 5 - Holy Thursday Mass of the Lord's Supper at 7:00 p.m.
Adoration until 10 p.m.
April 6 - Good Friday Service of the Lord's Passion at 3:00 p.m.
Confession after service, Beginning of the Divine Mercy Novena at 5:30 p.m.,
followed by Stations of the Cross
April 7 - Holy Saturday Easter Vigil Mass at 8 p.m. Confession 2:30 to 3:30 p.m.
April 8 - Easter Sunday Mass at 8:30 a.m.
ASSEMBLIES OF GOD
First Assembly of God
387 New Harwinton Road, Torrington, CT 06790
Sunday School for all ages 9:30 a.m.
Sunday Worship Service at 10:45 a.m.
Family Night Thursday at 7:00 p.m.
Adult Bible Study Prayer Service: Saturday at 9:15 a.m.
Cable 5 Sundays, Wednesdays, and Fridays at 3 p.m.
CONGREGATIONAL CHRISTIAN CHURCHES
Founders Congregational Church
41 Birge Park Road, Harwinton, CT 06791
Sunday School and Services 10:00 a.m.
Bible Study: Tuesday at 7:00 p.m. and Thursday at 10:00 a.m.
Center Congregational Church
155 Main Street, Torrington, CT 06790
Sunday Services and Church School at 10:00 a.m.
St. Paul's Evangelical Lutheran Church
837 Charles Street, Torrington, CT 06790
April 1 - Palm/Passion Sunday -
Festive Procession and Holy communion at 8:15 a.m. and 11:00 a.m.
Passion Reading from the Gospel of Mark
Ecumenical Cantata "The Lenten Sketches" at 4:00 p.m.
April 3 - Holy Week Prayer Service and Bible Study at 7:00 p.m.
April 5 - Holy Thursday - Communion Worship Service Stripping of the Altar at 7:00 p.m.
Pastor Mike presiding.
April 6 - Good Friday - Tenebrae Worship Service -
The Passion from the Gospel of John at 7:00 p.m. meditation
April 8 - Easter Sunday - The Resurrection of Our Lord
Sunrise Service at 6:30 a.m. in the Memorial Garden
Worship Service at 8:15 and 11:00 a.m. in the Sanctuary Scripture: Matthew 28:1-10
Second Congregational Church of Winsted
Biblical, Traditional, Protestant Worship
800 Main Street, Winsted, CT 06098
Baptist and Congregational
Worship 10:00 a.m.
Sunday School 9:00 a.m.
July - August Worship 9:30 a.m.
Hours: 8:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. Monday - Thursday
8:30 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. Friday
Note: All listings are paid advertisements. | <urn:uuid:1b40ec36-0a3f-4ad9-b0d1-3ce42e693acb> | 2013-05-23T18:58:18Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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In a large bowl, dissolve the sugar in warm water, and then stir in yeast. Allow to proof until yeast resembles a creamy
Mix salt and oil into the yeast. Mix in flour one cup at a time. Knead dough on a lightly floured surface until smooth.
Place in a well oiled bowl, and turn dough to coat. Cover with a damp cloth. Allow to rise until doubled in bulk, about 1
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The new agreements we reached with the TWU eliminate the ASM Cap, which will give American the ability to optimize its network and schedule. Removing the cap will allow us to improve the use of our regional network by allowing mainline jets to be redeployed for new opportunities and to place smaller jets on lower demand flights.
Right now, there are some markets AA can't economically justify serving, but our regional airline partnerships allow us to provide feed to the network.
Eliminating the cap will allow us to improve the use of our regional network by allowing mainline jets to be redeployed for new opportunities in our larger markets. It also gives us flexibility to be more innovative and try new routes from non-hub markets without having to worry about counting toward the cap.
This will benefit American's profitability by improving the schedule and letting the company place smaller planes on lower demand flights. | <urn:uuid:43ed71de-8d8f-47e3-ae0c-3bd2157a4dff> | 2013-05-23T18:32:18Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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It became painfully obvious back in June at Nintendo's E3 2011 press conference that The Legend of Zelda: Skyward Sword would be the console's last blockbuster title. Come to think of it, Skyward Sword was the only Wii game the company even mentioned.
So does Skyward Sword deliver the precision sword controls that Wii owners have been dreaming of since day one? Or is it the final chapter of an era of clunky motion control? We've dusted off our Wii consoles to find out.
Jeff: First, a very happy 25th anniversary to The Legend of Zelda franchise. Thank you for making me feel really old.
Nintendo is justifiably proud to share the milestone with everyone who's picking up Skyward Sword for the Wii, as all copies come with a 25th anniversary music CD featuring all kinds of Zelda tunes.
It's safe to say that Skyward Sword marks the Wii's last hurrah, and thankfully, the latest Zelda game certainly ranks up there with some of the console's best offerings.
For starters, Skyward Sword looks as good as any game can ever hope to on the Wii. The art direction has been brilliantly conceived, taking full advantage of the system's specs, and using a few blurring tricks to make things appear like a gorgeous watercolor painting. … Read more | <urn:uuid:f31b1c15-bf9f-4012-b62e-4b38ec10c48e> | 2013-05-23T18:55:46Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Microsoft Windows is a series of popular proprietary operating environments and operating systems created by Microsoft for use on personal computers and servers. Microsoft first introduced an operating environment named Windows in November, 1985, as an add-on to MS-DOS. This was in response to Apple Computer's computer system, the Apple Macintosh, which used a graphical user interface (GUI). Microsoft Windows eventually came to dominate the world personal computer market with market analysts like IDC estimating that Windows has around 90% of the client operating system market. All recent versions of Windows are fully-fledged operating systems.
Tools and Libraries
- Curses library
- List of C Development enviroments on the Game Programming Wiki
- LibSDL, Simple DirectMedia Layer
- 'Microsoft Visual C++ Toolkit 2003' free, from Microsoft themselves. | <urn:uuid:24ae4c72-e0b1-400f-a585-3578d9595e73> | 2013-05-23T18:32:12Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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To be honest, not a question I'd thought about much before, but I'll have a shot at it - call it my take on the concept.
Surgery was generally avoided whenever possible. That gave infections a good shot at killing you, and from what I've read in a number of history texts, even minor injuries could lead to some pretty severe consequences. Surgery, sadly, tended to kill more people than it saved, and those it didn't kill sometimes wished they had died. Cauterization of wounds was common, which would ensure no healing would take place thereafter. Amputation was commonly used as a last resort (outside armies in a war, where it was used considerably sooner than that) which meant that gangrene could take hold, and by the time the victim finally plucked up enough courage for amputation, it was often too late. Remember, with a limb missing, you couldn't work in most jobs, which left relying on family or begging as options. So, surgery was a last option.
Because surgeons were prohibited, in most cultures, from cutting up bodies, living or dead. (For religious reasons, by and large) That meant that they were often working blind, so to speak. Add that to the fact that a successful surgeon often had little or no knowledge of (or interest in) hygiene and some wore their blood-soaked aprons to advertise their experience, and you can start to see why they were often referred to as butchers (and that pejorative is still used even today).
If you wanted to find a surgeon who had some clues, you'd ask around to see who had the most surviving patients. Alternatively, and this was a good way for a character wanting to gain surgical experience, follow an army around. The surgeons there had a lot of experience in stopping bleeding, dealing with infection, and amputations. They may have erred on the side of safety, and performed amputation a little on the early side, but they had a lot of experience with what an untreated infection could do. As a character, you'd have a chance to explore anatomy that way, though unnecessary experimentation could lead to an early death at the hands of the friends of the dead, friends who were very handy with weapons.
Now, if you wanted to go for herbal cures, there were a number of options. Apothecaries existed who could provide you with what were believed to be efficacious cures for any number of conditions, and often were effective, although sometimes the side-effects were somewhat less appealing. Herbalists existed, and wise-women were often consulted (usually by women rather than men) about herbs that could cure any number of problems, especially ones that people tend not to talk about. This could easily be a character option, especially as it would encourage them to explore strange places, and search for knowledge.
So, slow healing via herbs (though faster than without them) and reduced infection chances, but with a number of side-effects.
Fast healing via surgery (though with a risk, or certainty, of permanent damage) and ways to stop things that herbs can't touch (bleeding and such) but with increased chances of infection or the chance to append the nickname "Peg-leg" or "One-hand" to your name.
And wonderful role-playing options open up for characters who want to go into medicine. Searching for new herbs or combinations of herbs, old recipes for healing salves and potions, hunting down a healer who is rumored to have found a way to cure disease X, finding the missing ingredient for the salve you want to make, which can only be compounded while fresh -all good for herbalist types. Then there's the forbidden anatomy practice, grave-robbing to find appropriate bodies to experiment on, and the ever-present danger of the law/necromancers/other surgeons while doing so, escaping the vengeance of the family whose beloved father died on the operating table... ain't the life of a surgeon wonderful! | <urn:uuid:0be7a4c9-bb54-4e41-9631-5b946d1de3aa> | 2013-05-23T18:51:39Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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White to Move. Rybka couldn't find Qc8! Best it can come up with is Qc5+
Best continuation according to D. Monokroussos is as follows: 1. Qc8 Kg8 2. Bc7! Qxc8 3. gxf7 Kh8
4. Be5 Qc5! 5. Bb2! Nc7 6.Ba1 a4 7.Bb2 a3
8...a2 9.Bb2 a1Q 10.Bxa1.
it just seems to be an anti-computer position, as far as i can tell, based on current pruning algorithims or whatever (i only pretend to know wtf those words mean, i just seem there here a fair amount :).)
This is both worrying and reassuriing: engines are not perfect, so we can' t rely blindly on their analysis, on the other hand there is room not only for
optimizations (say algorithms tuning, better coding) but also for genuine innnovations derived from a more thorough understanding of chess mechanics.
I wouldn 't be surprised if Mathematics had a role to play, Graph Theory for instance.
Vas will most probably figure out why she overlooked ' 2 Bc7 ', although she necessarily evaluates all possible first moves (here ' 1 Qc8 ').
If Rybka were perfect he wouldn' t work full-time to improve her play. Here a weakness has been identified, this is paradoxically good news.
> Here a weakness has been identified
This position pops up about once a year here on the forum. Here is the 2007 version of the discussion:
Use search to find more.
As yanquis pointed it out, this position must be "engine-unfriendly".
/* Steinar */
Its safe to say that: Null move techniques are obviously not compatible with zugzwang and zugzwang is easier to see, and probably more common in the endgame.
As an experiment, it might be interesting to try a chess variant where passing is allowed, and see how often this would get invoked.
/* Steinar */
The bottom line is that current engines can't find zugzwang positions in a manner that doesn't hurt engine strength outside of a small number of endgame positions. You would like to extend this to say that these positions rarely occur outside the endgame. I can't see any reason to believe this is true...
> You would like to extend this to say that these positions rarely occur outside the endgame. I can't see any reason to believe this is true...
More pieces still on the board will mean lesser chance for zugzwang as there is probably some kind of 'non-interfering' move still possible. I don't have exact numbers, but I think it's a non-issue (certainly ELO-wise).
As an example, many fortress configurations fail because of zugzwang. Engines are notoriously poor at finding fortress configurations from either side, so this doesn't affect engine Elo. This certainly doesn't mean these positions are rare or unimportant Elo wise.
On the other side we have best human chess. Full of tactical errors, but with ideas, plans and real sacrifices (not above human horizont, but above computers horizont!) and very much chess knowledge (~600 Elo more than computers). What we see is that tactical skill crushes knowledge by far in chess (chess is a tactical game!) in normal play. But when we come to positions, where tactics isn´t dominant, it becomes different (mostly in endgames). Here knowledge pays off! But when you speak about endgames, never speak about Elo!
The worst thing for computer chess are opening books (and EGTB)! When we speak about engine skill, I want to see the whole picture! Opening, middlegame and endgame. So let´s play three move openings or chess960. When we play three moves openings (or 8-10 moves), we see the faults of the engines (look to CR). If we play endgames without tbs, we see the faults of the engines. If we are skilled, we see the faults from engines with tbs.
Errors are human! No mercy for tin cans!
Let´s come to our theme. Endgame without zugzwang detection isn´t endgame (I´m not interested here in % of escape)! Zugzwang in middlegame is a secret, we will never know. I only know, if you have no clue about endgame, you can´t play middlegame well! If you win anyhow, it only shows your opponent is a patzer!
1. To be #1 in computer chess, you have to polish the +0,02 or 0,03 attidute.
2. To be #1 in analysis, you have to add some knowledge. The danger: Look to F10 and F11. F11 (with less knowledge) isn´t good for analysis but 100 Elo better than F10, which is good for analysis!
But I´m not so sure, you can get both. I´m not interested in #1, but it´s very important for Vas. And never forget: Rybka succeeds in 2005 and 2006 only because of #1.
In testsuites (mostly human games positions) you can see, Fritz 10 and Shredder 10 are much better than Fritz 11 and Shredder 11. They improved their playing strengths (both ~+100 Elo) by discarding knowledge!
What we see now is a trend. Search to more depth is successfull. I don´t believe this trend will survive the next three years! You have to become broader and you have to add knowledge (which doesn´t hurt!).
Maybe Fritz 10 and Shredder 10 will be reanimated on Nehalem EX (32 or 64 cores). Okay you have to improve these engines in scaling! But I see no reason, why search is better for scaling than knowledge (okay; this is the area of the programmers).
These tournaments are nothing for miser!
Only for you the serious analysing engines :-): Fritz 10, Shredder 10 (and maybe 11), Zappa and maybe Rybka (here I´m not so sure; I´m sure she bluffs me sometimes! :-().
PS: I don´t have Hiarcs and Sjeng!
PS2: I payed €50 for single Fritz 10, Deep Fritz 10 costs €120 when it was released. If you have Nehalem (4 or 8 cores) it´s a bargain offer! :-)
But I become angry! :-(
All was okay before Fruit and then Rybka comes out. Searching for best moves was trend (and little improvement), but Fruit and Rybka shows, this isn´t the right approach for playing strength! You have to go in the deep and you will see the nuggets! But I don´t believe, there are nuggets in 3,000 meters (depths=30). And you can see it in CR play. She is digging in 2000 meters (depths=20). But here she sees all, also winning moves! :-)
Now we have only one best engine and the other goes the same way and become stronger (but not enough) and weaker at the same time. It´s a disaster!
PS: I don´t think CB is much inteested in money because ot the Fritz engine. They make their money with smiling Vishy and others ...
I do not have Fritz10 and Shredder10 so I cannot compare them in test suites to Fritz11 and Shredder11 but even if
Fritz10 and Shredder10 are better in test suites it does not mean that the programmer improved the playing strength by discarding knowledge.
It is possible that adding knowledge is the reason that they got worse in test suites when the knowledge that they added is productive in games and counter productive in test suites.
Test suites are not about random human games positions but usually about positions when some sacrifice is the best.
There are many human game positions when sacrifice is not the best move and it is possible that shredder11 and Fritz11 find better moves in these positions.
> No ideas, no plans and no real sacrifices!
You may like to search for Rybka 3 Vs. other (non Rybka) engines, I recall these were full of sacrifices that the other engines weren't expecting.
This isn´t the story I tell about!
But Thinker is bullshit! An engine, which can´t give a line and doesn´t follow UCI protocol!
Okay, if they get such successfull as Bobby in 1970, I will have a look on this engine!
What I have seen are only sacrifice R vs B or N and maybe additional a pawn. This is no sacrifice! Okay, eval is always alarmed!
And Rybka overvalue Queen. No surprise, because she has no clue about endgame!
You don´t understand me!
PS: Have a look to the games of the great Petrosian!
Roland made it sound as if humans play real sacrifices all the time while Rybka doesn't, "go watch Petrosian games" or "Fischer's Bg4" is unsatisfactory since he didn't went to look for real sacrifices on Rybka games.
I claim that Rybka plays sacrifices where humans aren't able to see why they work immediately on a regular basis (with the disadvantage that Rybka doesn't play them against them, because Rybka doesn't play strong humans much or games happen in private.)
It is my belief that all engines designers have, as for now, overlooked some fundamental but
relatively simple properties of chess mechanics.
There is room for breakthrough innovations. Who first ?
> There is room for breakthrough innovations. Who first ?
Well, the breakthrough was the null-move invention. This greatly increased engine playing strengths, the (very) small drawback was it would fail in zugzwang situations. But those are so rare compared to normal situations there is no need to fix anything.
I do not consider null-move (rationale) as a progress in the understanding of chess mechanics, let-alone a breakthrough.
But rather as a very efficient algorithmic trick.
In other words, they know about combinatorics, not about geometry or topology. Having no intution of shapes and fluids, they lack a dimension
in their "reasoning".
>It's almost always a win in real play, ...
Hahaha! Very good joke! :-)
my rybka has enormous problems to find mate in six here, maybe it's a matter of engine settings i don't know
(the solution is 1.Rh1 d4 2.Ra1 d3 3.Ra3 bxa3 4.Ka1 a2 5.Ba3 Kxf6 6.Bb2)
i know there are special engines for solving this sort of problems, but shouldn't rybka find mate in six relatively quickly in a legal chess position?
> i have a new one:
No, you don't, it's old.
i've found this position in chessmaster X, sorry but can't remember the author, sure people here know the name.
- moving the pawn away from d4
- capturing the rook at a3 with the pawn
- capturing the rook at f6 with the king
Granted, mate in six is pretty extreme. Doesn't it find it at all? I'd assume it would if you just gave it some time...
/* Steinar */
Rybka is not designed to find the fastest mate but to win games.
Rybka finds alternative win so she does not care about the fastest mate.
Rybka suggests 1.Nd6 cxd6 2.Rxd6 f6 3.Bxf6+ Kf7 4.Bxh8 Rxh8 5.R5xh6 Rxh6 6.Rxh6 and white is winning.
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Active Time: 15 minutes
Start to finish: 30 minutes
- Preheat the oven to 350 F
- Saute chorizo over medium heat. Remove the chorizo from the skillet with a slotted spoon and drain it.
- Reduce heat to medium-low and add onion for about 10 minutes, until soft and reserve.
- Melt butter in a shallow, medium baking dish in the oven.
- Whisk eggs, chorizo, water and salt in a bowl. Remove the baking dish from the oven and pour the eggs into the warm dish.
- Top eggs with enough chips to make a single dense layer.
- Scatter onions and cheese over the chips.
- Bake for 5-8 minutes, or until the eggs are set lightly and the cheese is melted.
- Top with your favorite Sabra Salsa and serve immediately | <urn:uuid:0d7fbf0b-657e-4cc7-8011-fbd45885ef23> | 2013-05-23T18:30:14Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Principal requests staff reassignment after harassment allegations | Crime
SACRAMENTO, CA - Two employees of an after-school program believe they're being treated unfairly after speaking up when an elementary school principal made inappropriate comments.
Vanessa Grant filed a sexual harassment complaint in May 2012 after she said Crocker-Riverside Elementary School Principal Carl Westphal made numerous inappropriate comments that made her uncomfortable.
Grant said the inappropriate comments started after Westphal took the job as principal of Crocker-Riverside Elementary School in Sacramento.
She said he often made comments about her looks, her clothing and her weight. She said he told her she's beautiful and offered her a trip to Lake Tahoe.
"I mean it was really obvious," Grant said. "I had one of my yard co-workers who thought it was a huge joke and he would always say 'Oh, here comes Mr. Westphal. He's going to say something to you now.'"
Grant said the comments started when she was working for the city as a recreation aide for the 4th "R" after-school program at Crocker. The after-school program is funded through the city of Sacramento, but operates in a separate building on the elementary school campus. Grant said the comments continued when she took a job for the school district as a temporary yard duty worker, which includes monitoring students during lunch and recess.
Grant said Westphal told her that his friends could help her out financially because she's so attractive.
During one conversation on school grounds, Grant said a parent told her she wished she could afford to hire Vanessa as a babysitter or nanny. Grant said Westphal overheard the conversation and replied, "I wish I could afford Ms. Vanessa too. Look at her."
"I just knew it wasn't right. It's not right to be in a position, an administrative position, a position of power, and to be like that," said Steav Jordan who was Grant's after-school supervisor at the time.
Grant first reported the principal's comments to Jordan, who then spoke with Westphal and told him the comments were making Grant uncomfortable.
"If he's saying this to (Grant), what is he saying to the sixth grade girls or what is he saying to other teachers?" Jordan said.
Grant said the comments stopped for a bit then continued. At that point, Grant filed a sexual harassment complaint.
The school district investigated then sent a letter, that was signed by Human Resources Director Roxanne Findlay, to Grant that said "... there is sufficient evidence to support your allegation that Mr. Westphal made some inappropriate and unprofessional comments to you that made you uncomfortable..." and further stated "appropriate action has been taken."
However, the district did not find "any unlawful activity, harassment, discrimination or disparate treatment..."
"It makes me really sad because he is basically getting away with this," said Grant.
The district would not disclose what action was taken.
Westphal sent a notice, nearly a month after the findings of the human resources investigation, requesting Steav Jordan and Vanessa Grant both be reassigned to another school site.
He said they made false and defamatory statements about administrative staff and refused to comply with requests.
In his letter, Westphal told the Recreation Manager for the City of Sacramento, "If you are not able to accommodate the request to reassign Mr. Jordan and Ms. Grant to another location, and remove them from their assignments at Crocker, this may impact Crocker's ability to continue its relationship with 4th "R"."
"I did what was right in the situation, made the proper reports, submitted a letter of my accounts of what happened and for that I'm now displaced," Jordan said.
After the principal's letter, Steav Jordan was moved to district headquarters. A letter was then posted for parents at the 4th "R" site. The letter read, "The transfer is at the behest of the school principal and school district to have Steav reassigned away from 4th "R" Crocker."
"My supervisor reiterated to me this isn't a performance issue, 'This has nothing to do with your performance here at 4th "R", you're very valuable to us. We're just simply moving you so that you don't, so that things don't become hostile out on the campus,'" Jordan said.
"There's a lot of kids that just miss him so much and they ask about him everyday - 'Where's Steav, where's Steav?" Grant said.
As for Grant, she has not been reassigned in the after-school program, but also said she's not been scheduled for any hours as a yard duty worker.
"It's really scary. If you know someone high enough up or if you make high enough up phone calls you can kind of call shots even if you're doing the wrong thing," Jordan said.
District Spokesman Gabe Ross released the following statement on Thursday afternoon:
The district conducted a thorough review and investigation into the initial complaint and responded in a manner appropriate to the circumstances. While we don't comment on what disciplinary actions were or were not taken against individual employees, we take all allegations of this nature extremely seriously and investigate every claim thoroughly and fairly.
When the district became aware of the request made regarding the potential transfer of employees from the program at this school, we immediately began investigating further and continue to work closely with our partners at the after school program to find the best possible solution.
Jordan said Westphal has declined to meet after repeated requests.
As of Thursday evening, Westphal did not respond to e-mail or phone messages. | <urn:uuid:52a6e22d-5427-4372-849e-006018fb67c5> | 2013-05-23T18:44:16Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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DISH Network annual net income decreases
Feb 28, 2013 (Datamonitor via COMTEX) --
DISH Network Corporation has reported a net income attributable to the company for the year ended December 31, 2012 was $636.69 million, or $1.41 per diluted share, compared to $1.51 billion, or $3.39 per diluted share, for the year ended December 31, 2011.
Total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2012 was $14.27 billion, compared to $14.05 billion for the year ended December 31, 2011.
Operating income for the year ended December 31, 2012 was $1.22 billion, compared to $2.93 billion for the year ended December 31, 2011.
"In addition to the landmark introductions of our Hopper Whole-Home HD DVR, the successful launch of dishNET and the developments with our wireless spectrum, one of our key stories of the year was the change in our customer trajectory," said Joseph P. Clayton, DISH president and CEO.
"During 2012, DISH added about 89,000 net pay-TV subscribers after having lost approximately 166,000 net pay-TV subscribers in 2011."
Republication or redistribution, including by framing or similar means,
is expressly prohibited without prior written consent. Datamonitor shall
not be liable for errors or delays in the content, or for any actions
taken in reliance thereon
[ Satellite Spotlight's Homepage ] | <urn:uuid:f072de30-8a43-44d4-9edb-93ffcc5af4c4> | 2013-05-23T19:04:37Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Crown Prince Sultan bin Abdulaziz gave a wide-ranging interview to the Associated Press in New York on Friday. On the Arab-Israeli conflict, Crown Prince Sultan said that Israel should withdraw from more occupied Arab lands after withdrawing from Gaza, and indicated that there can be no change in the Arab stance on Israel unless the occupation ends. He noted that Arabs have reiterated their commitment to a just and lasting peace with the peace plan initiated by the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques King Abdullah, which Arab leaders adopted in 2002.
“We have followed the Israeli withdrawal from Gaza very closely,” Crown Prince Sultan said. “This withdrawal should be followed by further withdrawals from Palestinian and Arab territory occupied since 1967, and lead to the realization of an independent Palestinian state with Jerusalem as its capital.”
Turning to Iraq, Crown Prince Sultan expressed the hope that the country will be able to overcome its differences and stressed Iraq's links to the Arab world.
“The most important thing is Iraq’s unity and Arab identity, as well as the preservation of its sovereignty, stability and territorial integrity and guaranteed rights for all Iraqis, regardless of sect or political affiliation,” he said.
Commenting on the fight against terrorism, the crown prince stressed that failure to reach an internationally agreed-upon definition should not prevent a collective international counter-terrorism effort. He also noted that any effort to deal with extremism must include an intellectual as well as a security approach. | <urn:uuid:c0761f96-c784-4475-852f-31a8ec8dfe71> | 2013-05-23T19:05:21Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Algebraic reasoning in grades two through five: Effects of teacher practices, characteristics and professional development
Algebra is a gatekeeper (Moses & Cobb, 2001). Long before students enter an Algebra I course in the high school, the foundations for algebra are being developed in elementary school through algebraic reasoning. Research (Rowan, Chiang, and Miller, 1997) confirms a direct correlation ( r=.03, p=.05) between teachers' content knowledge and student achievement in the learning and understanding of mathematics. The need for teachers to be well equipped to develop students' algebraic reason is apparent (Lambdin, 1999, Ma, 2000).^ This study explores how teachers' practices, characteristics, and professional development relate to student achievement and; thereby, gain greater understanding and awareness of the role algebraic reasoning performs in teaching and learning at the elementary school level. The following two research questions directed this study: (1) To what extent and in what manner can variation in student achievement on problems involving algebraic reasoning be explained by teacher practices, characteristics and professional development? (2) What teaching practices focused on algebraic reasoning have the greatest impact on student achievement?^ This study utilized a mixed method research design that examined classroom practices of Grades 2-6 elementary teachers, N=62, and their N=1550 students in 17 urban and suburban schools in Rhode Island. Data were gathered through a participant questionnaire utilizing a 1-5 point Likert-scale survey instrument developed by the researcher. Following the collection of the data, focus groups, n=18, were conducted with volunteer participants. The qualitative data obtained from the focus groups were analyzed by generating themes and patterns to describe the findings. Descriptive statistics (frequencies, percents, and means) were computed for each variable. Multiple regression analysis was use to determine the magnitude of the relationship between teaching practices and professional development related to student achievement.^ The findings of the study revealed the variables, teaching practices and professional development, used to calculate multiple regression (r=.055, p=.70) were not found to be significantly related. In addition, current professional development on algebraic reasoning is not meeting the needs of the teachers and the connections between teacher knowledge/practices and algebra content require strengthening. The findings emanated from the focus groups and from the open ended questions on the questionnaire suggested teachers are not equipped to teach algebraic reasoning. These findings have recently been collaborated in the National Math Panel Advisory Panel (2008) report. Recommendation are made as well as suggestions for additional future research specific to professional development and algebraic reasoning.^
Education, Mathematics|Education, Elementary
Judith A Lundsten,
"Algebraic reasoning in grades two through five: Effects of teacher practices, characteristics and professional development"
(January 1, 2008).
Dissertation & Theses Collection. | <urn:uuid:17d0e20e-aae0-4a4f-98bf-2843ba4a0191> | 2013-05-23T18:44:30Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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A federal program designed to help metropolitan public health agencies prepare to deliver essential medicines to the public after a large-scale bioterror attack or natural disease outbreak has succeeded in improving the level of readiness, according to a new RAND Corporation study.
Researchers found that the federal Cities Readiness Initiative, a program active in 72 metropolitan areas, appears to have improved agencies’ ability to rapidly and widely dispense life-saving medications and other medical supplies in the event of a large-scale bioterror attack or a naturally occurring infectious disease outbreak.
The study from RAND Health concludes there is merit in extending the program so the impact can be further monitored, although the analysis did not assess the cost-effectiveness of the effort or compare it to other public health priorities.
“The Cities Readiness Initiative has helped agencies in the nation’s most-populous regions become better able to dispense life-saving medication following a bioterrorism event or after an infectious disease outbreak,” said Henry Willis, the study’s lead author and a policy researcher at RAND, a nonprofit research organization.
Researchers concluded that a key reason the Cities Readiness Initiative has helped promote improvements has been its focus on a single scenario with a well-defined numeric goal and the technical assistance it has provided to public health officials.
Researchers say the initiative has helped increase the number of local public health staff members working on medication dispensing planning, strengthened partnerships between public health officials and local first-responder agencies, and helped pay for new equipment such as mobile drug dispensing units.
Other public health improvements fostered by the Cities Readiness Initiative are the development of more-detailed plans for medication dispensing, including creation of new strategies that rely less on medically trained staff and take greater advantage of nontraditional venues such as hotels, resorts, churches as well as drive-through dispensing in parking lots and fairgrounds.
The Cities Readiness Initiative was created in 2004 to improve the ability of the nation’s largest metropolitan regions to provide life-saving medications in the event of a large-scale bioterror attack or naturally occurring disease outbreak. The program has spent about $300 million on efforts thus far.
Administered by the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the program helps jurisdictions improve their ability to provide antibiotics and other life-saving medications to 100 percent of a region’s population within 48 hours of a large-scale anthrax attack or large-scale infectious disease emergency. The 72 regions that have received funding account for about 57 percent of the nation’s population.
RAND researchers conducted their study by reviewing plans and technical surveys completed by agencies that assessed capabilities in 12 functional areas (e.g., distribution of medication, dispensing of antibiotics), as well as conducting in-depth interviews with officials from nine regions.
Researchers say that the program should be evaluated again after two to three years to see whether jurisdictions continue to make progress and to examine whether the program should be revised. Future evaluations could be extended to include an assessment of public health risks and the cost-effectiveness of public health programs. | <urn:uuid:d2e46ec0-cf3b-4806-9e5b-2c9115b6d6f3> | 2013-05-23T18:38:51Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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A New Year's Blessing! Grandma Is Doing Better!
Posted 02 January 2008 - 10:28 AM
God is, indeed, good! I'm so happy she is doing better and that some of the stress has been taken off your family. Now your mother can truly enjoy the time she spends with her without the worry of taking physical care of hers. | <urn:uuid:634d4975-8007-4cf1-a24e-6c3ccab2300f> | 2013-05-23T18:52:07Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Student Learning Outcomes
Students who complete the French Program will be able to:
- Communicate in a meaningful context in French.
- Analyze the nature of language through comparisons of the French language and their own.
- Demonstrate knowledge of and sensitivity to aspects of behavior, attitudes, and customs of France and other French speaking countries.
- Connect with the global community through study and acquisition of the French language. | <urn:uuid:5af48c87-5ebf-40b0-9437-a79124e81436> | 2013-05-23T18:52:54Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Statistical and biographical data for the The Negro Leagues Database
, except 1923 and 1933, were compiled by Gary Ashwill
. Copyright 2011-2013 Gary Ashwill. All rights reserved. Playing statistics for 1923 were compiled by Patrick Rock. Copyright 2011-2013 Patrick Rock. All rights reserved. Playing statistics for 1933 were compiled by Scott Simkus. Copyright 2013 Scott Simkus. All rights reserved. | <urn:uuid:fcde618b-4a7e-4982-940e-1a9379a966d8> | 2013-05-23T19:04:48Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Kasi Subrahmanyam 2013-02-26, 03:44
I have a small situation.
I need to pass a group of lines as an input to my mapper.The number of
lines may vary depending on the situation.
Basically those lines are logs which are grouped by the tests they run.
If a test passes less number of lines but if it fails more number of lines.
There is a definitive word which marks the start of test and end of test.
So how can i achieve this and pass each test log as a whole input to a | <urn:uuid:7c6c7d89-104c-4613-a801-2e3f0edeeb4f> | 2013-05-23T18:59:06Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Four years ago, LAMP (Linux OS, Apache Web server, MySQL database and Perl, Python and PHP languages) was the open stack of choice, especially for Web servers.
In the early part of the decade, when MySQL started promoting LAMP to boost its own visibility as the M in the stack, the acronym grew in popularity.
Today, however, LAMP is like an illuminated sign with only the A still visible. While the existence of an all-open source application stack remains helpful, there are so many choices beyond the original group that the LAMP acronym has fallen into disuse, analysts say. Even Linux is not sacrosanct, with companies occasionally substituting Windows in an otherwise all-open source stack; the Apache Web server is the only LAMP component whose position remains undisputed, observers say.
"It's never been a specific acronym," said Mark Driver, at research vice president at Stamford, Conn.-based Gartner Inc..
"LAMP always represented the idea of an open stack. It shouldn't be taken too literally."
Anne Thomas Manes, vice president and research director of Midvale, Utah-based Burton Group, agreed.
"LAMP stands for completely open source," she said. "And it's simpler, lighter-weight programming than Java or .NET, and it's nice for Web sites."
Indeed, with the P, LAMP's clarity began eroding. Initially, the P stood for Perl, the most popular language for creating Web pages. But it was later joined by PHP, which is easier to write because the program runs inside Web pages rather than on a server. Though PHP has in turn has created an "epidemic of security issues," according to Ed Sawicki, a veteran IT consultant based in Portland, Ore. Now Python is more popular, but programmers use Ruby and LISP, he said.
As for databases, MySQL may be the most popular open source choice, with simplicity and speed in its favor, Sawicki said. Still, Postgres is better at more complex functions; so some companies use both databases, he said.
The Ruby language on the Rails framework is generally safer than PHP and Python, whereas Python is more complex, and typically used by programmers who are aware of potential security pitfalls, she said.
"The beauty of LAMP is that it's an a la carte technology," added Driver. "And it's light years ahead of where it was two years ago." | <urn:uuid:e58d19bc-068b-4e54-b97b-75c2f42bdc14> | 2013-05-23T18:51:15Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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In information technology, a repository (pronounced ree-PAHZ-ih-tor-i) is a central place in which an aggregation of data is kept and maintained in an organized way, usually in computer storage. The term is from the Latin repositorium, a vessel or chamber in which things can be placed, and it can mean a place where things are collected. Depending on how the term is used, a repository may be directly accessible to users or may be a place from which specific databases, files, or documents are obtained for further relocation or distribution in a network. A repository may be just the aggregation of data itself into some accessible place of storage or it may also imply some ability to selectively extract data. Related terms are data warehouse and data mining. | <urn:uuid:fcf71ed2-98a9-456f-baa2-5655749688aa> | 2013-05-23T18:45:41Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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- Why are these threats possible?
Because computers are little more than tools. The term "computer" is very descriptive despite all of the abstraction that we attempt to layer on top of them; it is a device that "computes", plain and simple. Whether, at any given nanosecond, it is computing the color of a pixel in a UI, the address of data in its memory, etc, it is no more or less than an incredibly fast binary calculator hooked up to a lot of peripheral components that provide inputs to and outputs from the basic programming the CPU is currently churning its way through.
Given that, the question of "why" has a simple answer; tools can be used for good or ill. Hammers can pound nails or skulls. Saws can cut wood or flesh. And computers can sequence DNA to find the cure for cancer, or steal your bank account information.
- Why doesn't the computer just do the things it is supposed to?
It does. It does exactly what it is told to do by the program that it is currently executing. The problem is that the program the computer is currently executing isn't necessarily something you told it to execute explicitly by the stroke of a key or the click of a mouse. For a very long time now, we've used multiple layers of software (and hardware) to allow for modularity; any computer can have any hardware plugged into it, and run any program to work with it (at least that's the theory). More recently we have invented layers to allow a computer to juggle many programs at once. These layers of abstraction such as the OS, virtual machines, daemons (services), etc, which hide what the computer is really doing on any given clock, can be manipulated by an attacker to run software without your conscious knowledge.
- Why do some people write malware, instead of programs with a constructive purpose beyond doing damage and violating the law?
...some men aren't looking for anything logical, like money. They can't be bought, bullied, reasoned, or negotiated with. Some men just want to watch the world burn. - Alfred Pennyworth, The Dark Knight
For most "black hats", the mayhem they cause is fun, it's entertaining, the same way you or I would enjoy a video game in a completely sandboxed environment. They, however, are doing things in the real world. Same layer of digital separation between you and the consequences of your actions, with the added thrill of knowing it's real.
- Does computer insecurity exist because of the nature of computers?
To a point, yes. Computers are powerful, but they are extremely dumb. They require humans to do their thinking for them, to design them in a way that is difficult to subvert, to program them in a way that is difficult to subvert, and to use them in a way that is difficult to subvert. The inherent difficulty of this is similar to the inherent difficulty (maybe the impossibility) of designing a "completely foolproof system":
A common mistake that people make when trying to design something completely foolproof is to underestimate the ingenuity of complete fools. - Douglas Adams
In both cases, you're very simply trying to pre-emptively outsmart someone willing to spend a lot of time and effort finding a way to misuse what you're designing once the finished product has left your hands. You effectively have to come up with the same ideas that the other person would have, and incorporate mechanisms to defeat that line of thinking. The more complex the system is internally, the more of those ideas become possible, and the less likely you are to have thought of everything. The more you put in place to prevent misuse, the more complexity you add. It's a vicious cycle. | <urn:uuid:f1e52f6b-281e-4507-bbd1-be5c4b3c1422> | 2013-05-23T18:38:49Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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The iron ore markets have been suffering lately from the consistent oversupply, along with the depressed demand for the commodity. The latter is a direct consequence of the poor demand for steel (which uses iron ore as a key raw material) in China - the largest steel consumer in the world. Although an iron ore rebound is not evident in the near term as the global economy continues to grow at a sluggish pace, the stocks of the mining companies are enormously cheap and are set to give investors huge returns in the long term.
Cliffs Natural Resources (CLF) and Vale S.A. (VALE) are our favorite stocks to play a rebound in the iron ore industry. CLF offers a dividend yield of more than 5%, and its major exposure is in iron ore and metallurgical coal, both of which are used as raw materials in steel production. Thus, the company is a pure-play on macroeconomic recovery, in general, and steel's rebound in China, in particular. VALE has a lean cost structure, and a cheap forward price-to-earnings ratio. In addition, the company has responded smartly to the turmoil in its industry by selling off non-value adding businesses, which have helped it to release funds for other high-yielding projects.
Vale - Earnings Review
World's second largest producer of iron ore, Vale S.A. 's disappointed investors in the recent quarter earnings by reporting a 66% decline in the profits on a year-over-year basis. However, the results were inevitable considering the depressed iron ore prices, a combined result of weak market fundamentals and global macroeconomic meltdown.
The Brazilian company is the world's largest producer and exporter of iron ore and iron pellets in addition to being the world's second-largest nickel producer. The company's primary market is China considering the fact that the country is the largest consumer (as well as producer) of the iron ore. It is also noteworthy that iron ore constitutes the bulk of Vale's profit, as the company derives almost 90% of its net income from its iron ore operations.
The company's quarterly results were the worst in the past three years. It reported net income of $1.67 billion, way short of last year's $4.94 billion figure and the analysts' estimate of $1.92 billion. The poor operating performance has forced the Rio de Janeiro - based company to delay the expenditures related to major mining projects, shut down operations and consider cutting investments and even dividends.
The company is considering selling businesses to concentrate more on value-enhancing projects. According to the company, "The sale of assets that do not add value will improve the allocation of capital and free up funds to help finance world-class investments."
Previously, Vale has announced closing operations at three iron ore pellet plants in Brazil. Now, the company has also added Zogota mine at Simandou, Guinea, to that list.
However, I feel that all these measures will help Vale emerge out of the problems the iron ore industry is facing currently. In addition, being one of the "BIG 3" iron ore giants, Vale has substantial control over the commodity prices, which gives it an advantage over its peers.
Cliffs Natural Resources - Earnings Review
Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. also suffered from low iron ore prices and high costs, which resulted in an 85% drop in its year-over-year profits.
Recently, in its earnings release, the Cleveland-based company reduced its full-year expectation for the production of Chinese crude steel to 715 million tons from its previous guidance of 730 million tons. It also decreased its expected sales volumes for both North American iron ore and coal.
According to Reuters, iron ore prices have dipped by about 22% during the July-September period this year, decimating profits of the producers significantly. CLF also suffered from an increase in mining, maintenance and labor expenses, which further deteriorated its profits.
Still, with a dividend yield of more than 5% and a forward price-to-earnings ratio of 8x, I feel that the stock is an inexpensive buy. Meanwhile, its exposure in both iron ore and metallurgical coal makes it the best stock to play a turnaround in the steel industry, which uses both these commodities as raw materials.
Source: FINVIZ.com, Google Finance | <urn:uuid:86f4d03b-301e-4e49-93d1-85211e601149> | 2013-05-23T18:34:53Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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I finally completed my port of my M12 Java applet to Android. Since I added some additional puzzle modes I decided to name it "Twelve Tile Puzzle". I created a small page for it where you can see a screenshot.
Recently I attempted to get sendmail to work between two machines in my internal test network. Since it's my own small network I tend to use short unqualified hostnames such as "grey" or "white". As you may know this presents certain challenges when working with sendmail since sendmail prefers FQDNs (fully qualified domain names). In this blog entry I'll talk about what those challenges are and what I think is the most straight forward way to get sendmail to work in such a network.
Recently I took one of Red Hat's certification exam which resulted in my becoming RHCT certified. Although there isn't much I can say about t the exam due to the non-disclosure agreement I signed what I can say, which you can find elsewhere, is that it's a challenging exam. Since time is limited it's important to distinguish between things that are important and things that aren't.
I'll probably try to upgrade to RHCE in April.
Recently I've been exploring the Android operating system. I was sufficiently curious to purchase an ADP1 (an android based developer phone from Google). I think I've done enough research to begin porting my M12 puzzle. I thought I'd share some of the things I've learned along the way starting with the way orientation works.
This book is about areas of encryption that I've explored. It starts by going over how encryption works in OpenOffice. Then next page is about oodecr, a bash script and related utilities that I wrote that applies what I've learned about OpenOffice encryption. Finally the md5-cfb page is about a small shell script that I wrote that does encryption by applying MD5. The pages about OpenOffice are probably the most interesting.
I've written various small programs that solve puzzles. Currently the highlight is M12 since it has a Java applet, so you can run it in your browser. LightSim is an applet that I wrote years ago that attempts to show some properties of light. Binary In Doom is an odd Doom map that I wrote that counts in binary.
Emacsish is an Eclipse plugin that I wrote that I hope makes the transition from Emacs to Eclipse easier by recreating some of the functionality that I missed when I made the transition.
Emacsish adds features that mostly have to do with processing text, such as the ability to format paragraphs and running external shell commands. The commands added by Emacsish are: | <urn:uuid:b367380e-8364-46bf-b990-257101059a6f> | 2013-05-23T19:05:27Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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January 20, 2009
We arrived in Palestine on Jan. 2, the fourth day of the attacks on Gaza and the day after the murder of Oscar Grant III by the subway police in Oakland.
July 31, 2008
When I arrived in Rhodesia, 1968 had already been a momentous year in the United States. U.S. setbacks in Vietnam had led Lyndon Johnson to announce his withdrawal from the 1968 presidential campaign. Days later, on April 4, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated, and Sen. Robert F. Kennedy was assassinated on June 5. Meanwhile, Black Power activists in the United States, led by young Blacks like me, were urging Black Americans to be proud of our African heritage. I felt lucky to be in Africa. | <urn:uuid:ef1f4a7f-5ff2-48c3-a879-b06e01e2916b> | 2013-05-23T18:58:42Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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The next witness for the Crown was Ian Johnstone. The Advocate Depute, Alex Prentice QC , began by confirming that Mr Johnstone, a warehouse worker from the Manchester area, is a member of the trade unions USDAW and also the CWU (Communications Workers Union) The witness also stated that he does not know the defendant Mr Thomas Sheridan, and that his telephone number began with the code 0161.
Mr Prentice then produced a diary which he told the court was the 2001 diary of Mr Sheridan. He then drew attention to an entry in the I/J section of the index, where there was a note of an "Ian Johnstone, CWU Organiser," and an address in Sutherland Street, Swinton, as well as a telephone number beginning 0161 telephone number. Mr Johnstone denied this was his address or telephone number.
Mr Prentice then presented a page from a telephone directory which showed a banner advert for “Cupid's Health Club” and an address of Sutherland St, Swinton, and a telephone number starting 0161. Mr Johnstone confirmed that this was not his telephone number. With that, Mr Prentice thanked the witness and returned to his seat.
Mr Sheridan then left the dock and moved to the lectern to begin his cross examination.
He began by confirming with the witness that he lived in Manchester, to which the Mr Johnstone responded that he actually lived in Salford - “a separate city”. Mr Sheridan then asked if the witness supported City or United, to which Mr Johnstone replied “Neither. Rugby League”. Mr Sheridan then confirmed with the witness that he was a member of the CWU, then asked if he knew the membership of the CWU, Mr Johnstone said he did not . Mr Sheridan suggested the union had a membership of over 300,000, but the witness stated he did not know the figure.
Mr Sheridan then commented that the witness “may be wondering what you are doing in the High Court in Glasgow. So am I!” and suggested they "try to work that out." Mr Sheridan then suggested that the reason for Mr Johnstone being a witness was to explain what his name was doing in Mr Sheridan's diary and then asked whether the witness had ever been involved in political campaigning? Mr Johnstone responded “Not really”.
Mr Sheridan then asked if the witness knew how many other “Ian Johnstones” are in the Manchester area, and whether the witness would be surprised if there were thousands. The witness replied that he didn't know.
Mr Sheridan commented that, as a former BT employee, Mr Johnstone might have looked up his name, then asked Mr Johnstone whether there were any other Ian Johnstones in the CWU. The witness replied that he didn't know.
Mr Sheridan having no further questions returned to the dock, and as the Advocate Depute declined to re-examine Mr Johnstone was informed by Lord Bracadale he was free to go. | <urn:uuid:de549445-6a91-4e04-bbef-91c7e623d3ea> | 2013-05-23T18:58:39Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Carol Ann Duffy, Britain's first woman Poet Laureate, is a Scottish lesbian single Mom who is one of Britain's most accomplished and popular poets. She has won many prestigious poetry awards and is Director of Creative Writing at Manchester Metropolitan University.
I've only read one of her books -- The World's Wife (1999). Every sardonic (or occasionally angry) poem is written from the viewpoint of some famous man's wife or female relative. For example -- Mrs. Midas, Mrs. Aesop, Mrs. Faust, Queen Kong (!), Mrs. Lazarus, Frau Freud and Elvis's Twin Sister.
Here's one of the shorter poems in the book. In five apparently innocuous or even silly lines, it sums up every awful thing we know about women's historically overlooked contributions to, and devalued participation in, human intellectual progress:
7 April 1852.
Went to the Zoo.
Said to Him --
Something about that Chimpanzee over there reminds me of you. | <urn:uuid:aef4205d-a73e-45e1-8640-3bc45acd86bb> | 2013-05-23T18:31:16Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Saturday, February 2, 2013
Tuesday, January 29, 2013
A story plan is the first step in writing fiction.
A story plan will be a sketch and is for planning purposes. One way to get started is to think of a real incident that you or someone you know has experienced. Base your story plan on that incident, but change anything you wish if it makes your story more interesting or exciting.
Consider the following elements when you begin your story plan. You can skip around if you wish, but be sure to complete all the steps below.
Decide on the characters. Name the characters and describe their role in the story and their relationship to one another. For example: Marie Martin, heroine, secretary to the president of the bank. (If you are not ready to use names, just use descriptions: librarian, doctor, etc.)
Choose a setting. Decide when and where the events will take place. Be as specific as you can because that will help you when you begin your research. (For example: the South in the 60’s vs. Birmingham, Alabama in 1965.)
Decide on the main conflict in the story. What is the problem that your main character faces when the story begins? (For example: Marie Martin has been accused of stealing money from the bank?)
Decide on a series of events in the plot. Briefly describe what happens in a few sentences. (You can add to these, subtract from these, and rearrange these later.)
Determine the climax of the story. Describe the moment in the story after which nothing will be the same.
Determine the resolution of the story. What happens at the very end
when the loose ends are tied up? (Some writers determine the ending first and work
backwards from there.)
Here's hoping 2013 is off to a great start! | <urn:uuid:ce03358f-14b4-4823-aed8-f9bbc2a58f51> | 2013-05-23T18:31:16Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Sixty-two years ago Arthur C. Clarke of the British Interplanetary Society sent a letter to the editor titled Peacetime Uses for V2 which was published in the 1945 February issue of the Wireless World magazine suggesting the use of Geostationary Satellites for the instant global communications. Quoting,
“I would like to close by mentioning a possibility of the more remote future--perhaps half a century ahead. An ``artificial satellite'' at the correct distance from the earth would make one revolution every 24 hours; i.e., it would remain stationary above the same spot and would be within optical range of nearly half the earth's surface. Three repeater stations, 120 degrees apart in the correct orbit, could give television and microwave coverage to the entire planet.”
Today, the Clarke Orbit has over 330 satellites. Sir Arthur C. Clarke, a science-fiction author, inventor, and futurist, simply a great mind celebrates his 90th birth anniversary on 16th of December, 2007.
And as a big fan of his writing and admirer of his work, I have put up a blog where everyone could send him wishes for his 90th birthday. If you are a friend, colleague, fan or simply an earthling who admires the work of Sir Arthur Clarke, please write your greetings and good wishes on the blog as a comment.
Let us wish together for a healthy and a long life for Sir Arthur.
Please be sure to leave your name and country end of your message. | <urn:uuid:491b5dd6-14dc-4afd-bbd4-73032cfe91e0> | 2013-05-23T18:31:34Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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If you are looking for a place that will allow you to spend intimate moments with your beloved as well as give enough scope for activities then honeymoon in Montana is perfect. The Montana environment is one of incomparable narural beauty and splendor. Enjoy romance and adventure in your honeymoon in Montana.
Montana is a beautiful mountainous state in U.S.A. It is located in the Pacific Northwest and Great Plains regions. Montana is known for its diverse topography and is nicknamed as "Treasure State". You can travel to Montana at any time of the year.
If you want to enjoy the scenic beauty of Montana then the best way to get in here is by driving. The place is also accessible by airways and railways. Montana is a large state so for getting around couples can either avail the Amtrak`s Empire Builder train or Greyhound bus lines or commuter flights of Big Sky Airlines.
There is no doubt that couples will experience the best accommodations, the best meals, the best privacy, and the best activities in Montana. It is a state where you will want to return to year after year for all your anniversaries.
Montana has a number of popular tourist attractions. Couples are thus advised to contact a reputed travel agency. Your sightseeing tour will include a visit to the following places:
- Yellowstone National Park
- Glacier National Park
- Battle of Little Bighorn
- Lewis & Clark Caverns
- Meadow Village
Yellowstone National Park: Established in the year 1872 the park is known for its wildlife and geothermal features. One of the popular areas in the park is Old Faithful Geyser. The Yellowstone Caldera is the largest super volcano on the continent. If you two love animals then you are sure to love your visit here. Hundreds of species of mammals, birds, fishes and reptiles including several that are either endangered or threatened are found here.
Battle of Little Bighorn: This is also known as Custer`s last Stand. The battle was fought between the Lakota-Northern Cheyenne combined force and the 7th Cavalry of the United States Army in June 1876 near the Little Bighorn River in the eastern Montana Territory. The battle was the most famous action of the Indian Wars, and was a remarkable victory for the Lakota and Northern Cheyenne.
Other popular tourist attractions in Montana are Big Sky Resort, Bridger Mountains, Gallatin Mountains, Hebgen Lake, Madison River Valley, Grizzly Discovery Center, Moonlight Basin Resort, Quale Lake and Spanish Peaks.
Montana offers an overwhelming variety of activities to choose from. Your summer honeymoon package can include biking, hiking, whitewater rafting and world class fly fishing on the blue ribbon waters of the Madison, Gallatin, Henry`s Fork and Yellowstone Rivers. In winter there`s exceptional powder skiing, backcountry touring, sledding or snowmobiling. You can do as much or as little as you choose.
For all relevant information on honeymoon in Montana log on to shadihub.com | <urn:uuid:3ed4fe4f-6b1c-4251-b274-09f767461610> | 2013-05-23T18:31:47Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Before people learned to make glass, they had found two forms of natural glass. When lightning strikes sand, the heat sometimes fuses the sand into long, slender glass tubes called fulgurites, which are commonly called petrified lightning. The terrific heat of a volcanic eruption also sometimes fuses rocks and sand into a glass called obsidian. In the early times, people would shape obsidian into knives, arrowheads, jewelry, and money. We do not know exactly when, where, or how people first learned to make glass. It is generally believed that the first manufactured glass was in the form of a glaze on ceramic vessels, about 3000 B.C. The first glass vessels were produced about 1500 B.C. in Egypt and Mesopotamia. The glass industry was extremely successful for the next 300 years, and then declined. It was revived in Mesopotamia in the 700′s B.C. and in Egypt in the 500′s B.C. For the next 500 years, Egypt, Syria, and the other countries along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea were glassmaking centers.
Early glassmaking was slow and costly, and it required hard work. Glass blowing and glass pressing were unknown, furnaces were small, the clay pots were of poor quality, and the heat was hardly sufficient for melting. But glassmakers eventually learned how to make colored glass jewelry, cosmetics cases, and tiny jugs and jars. People who could afford them—the priests and the ruling classes—considered glass objects as valuable as jewels. Soon merchants learned that wines, honey, and oils could be carried and preserved far better in glass than in wood or clay containers.
The blowpipe was invented about 30 B.C., probably along the eastern Mediterranean coast. This invention made glass production easier, faster, and cheaper. As a result, glass became available to the common people for the first time. Glass manufacture became important in all countries under Roman rule. In fact, the first four centuries of the Christian Era may justly be called the First Golden Age of Glass. The glassmakers of this time knew how to make a transparent glass, and they did offhand glass blowing, painting, and gilding (application of gold leaf). They knew how to build up layers of glass of different colors and then cut out designs in high relief. The celebrated Portland vase, which was probably made in Rome about the beginning of the Christian Era, is an excellent example of this art. This vase is considered one of the most valuable glass art objects in the world.
In the 1500′s, the Dutch developed ways to make custom eyeglasses as well as lenses which led to the first microscopes and telescopes.
The first glass factory in the United States was built in Jamestown, Virginia, in 1608. The venture failed within a year because of a famine that took the lives of many colonists. The Jamestown colonists tried glassmaking again in 1621, but an Indian attack in 1622 and the scarcity of workers ended this attempt in 1624. The industry was reestablished in America in 1739, when Caspar Wistar built a glassmaking plant in what is now Salem County, New Jersey. This plant operated until 1780.
In 1903, the first fully automated glass bottle making machine was used in Toledo, Ohio.
Glass has been a major part in many revolutionary inventions. Had it not been for glass, we could be living in a World with no thermometers, televisions or light bulbs.
Cool Info About Glass
A process called “vitrification” can turn Nuclear waste into Hard glass blocks for long-term storage.
Glass takes 1,000,000 years to decompose.
Glass never wears out-it can be recycled forever.
Glass recycling saves resources-each ton of recycled glass replaces 1.2 tons of raw material (sand, limestone and soda ash).
Glass: a transparent inorganic material produced by combining silica sand with burnt lime or limestone and soda ash.
Silica sand: a pure form of silicon dioxide that is the most common ingredient in glass manufacturing.
Soda ash: also known as sodium oxide, this is an ingredient in glass manufacturing. It helps sand melt at a lower temperature.
Glasphalt: similar to asphalt, but it contains ground glass instead of gravel.
Limestone: a type of rock that is blended with soda ash in glass manufacturing to stabilize the glass so it will not dissolve in water.
When the Model T Ford car was first introduced, the glass windscreen was an optional extra.
Bulletproof glass is made of several layers called laminating. In between the glass is a polycarbonate material that absorbs the energy of what has been fired at it. The thicker the glass, the higher impact it can withstand. There is even one-way bulletproof glass enabling the target victim to shoot back.
If glass had not been invented, windows would not have come about so what would your PC operating system be called?
What is Glass?
Glass is not a crystalline solid, but a random jumble of molecules. Because of its random structure it does not have a clear melting temperature and there is no temperature where it can be said to be definitely solid. Instead, it gradually becomes harder as it cools.
Historians have pointed out that the glass in some centuries-old windows is thicker at the bottom, as if the glass had slumped over the years.
Scientists still debate whether room-temperature glass is a solid or some other state of matter. But according to one study, to see the flow of cool glass we would have to wait ten billion times the age of the universe. So those ancient windows are thicker at the bottom because they were made that way, not because of any later flowing of the glass. | <urn:uuid:a0520a5c-7f0b-4adc-909f-1693062caebb> | 2013-05-23T18:52:20Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Photo by Newsmakers
The game show host who never met a nervous female contestant he didn’t try to kiss, died at the age of 79 due to complications from esophageal cancer, his son, Gary Dawson, wrote on Facebook. Richard Dawson started becoming a household name in the 1960s for his role on the CBS sitcom Hogan’s Heroes, which was set in a German POW camp. (He once quipped of the series: “We ran six years, a year longer than Hitler,” recalls the Hollywood Reporter.)
Yet Dawson really skyrocketed to fame as the first host of Family Feud from 1976 to 1985. He mined his guests for laughs and reportedly made television executives uncomfortable through his tendency to kiss nervous female contestants, notes the New York Times. It was one of the most popular game shows in the country and eventually a syndicated version was launched that was broadcast five days a week. Dawson managed to make the phrase “Survey says…” a national catchphrase among fans of the show that asked contestants to guess the most popular answers to polls, points out the Associated Press.
Dawson won a daytime Emmy Award in 1978 as best game show host. Even though he left Family Feud in 1985 he returned for one more season in 1994, writes the BBC. | <urn:uuid:9a713cea-594b-4b86-a8ac-29cf8462210c> | 2013-05-23T18:52:11Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Pacemakers could be infiltrated to deliver deadly shocks, according to a security expert. It wouldn’t be simple, but it offers the very James Bond-like possibility of anonymous digital assassination.
Hackers could also acquire personal information from pacemakers. Or they could just become mass-murderers with a few keystrokes:
“The worst case scenario that I can think of, which is 100 percent possible with these devices, would be to load a compromised firmware update onto a programmer and … the compromised programmer would then infect the next pacemaker or [defibrillator] and then each would subsequently infect all others in range,” he reportedly said.
I don't really know that anyone would have the motivation to murder a bunch of people via their pacemakers, but it's certainly a design flaw. Also: This scenario will be featured in a CSI-style TV show in a matter of months. | <urn:uuid:5fcb5073-01e3-47a8-96d8-a2339bc0f98a> | 2013-05-23T19:06:02Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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you know who used to cut class?
you know what happened to him?
“Today my friend and I went to Target and had an epic wand war with licorice wands (red vines). I was disarmed and accidentally threw the wand into an man’s face. He yelled “AVADA KADAVRA!” I pretended to die and he went on shopping. MLIA” | <urn:uuid:6f22d2db-e378-4b36-8db2-b354d6d4bed5> | 2013-05-23T19:06:53Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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|Writer||Brian Peterson & Kelly Souders|
|Broadcast Date||May 3, 2007|
| Previous Episode: Nemesis
Next Episode: Prototype
Jimmy has set up a film projector in the empty basement of the Daily Planet for a private screening of The Big Sleep with Chloe. Chloe is more amused that Jimmy knows every word, but their romantic moment ends abruptly when they hear a gunshot. In the elevator lobby, they see a figure running up the stairs. Jimmy takes a photograph with his cell phone. Chloe is shocked speechless to see a woman's foot caught in the elevator door. The door opens to reveal Lana Lang, dressed in an evening gown, unconscious and bleeding from a gunshot wound to her shoulder.
The scene is soon filled with police and EMTs. Lionel is there and whispers to Lana that he's sorry he got her caught in the middle. Lex arrives shortly afterward and demands to know what Lana was doing with Lionel. Lois is also at the scene, trying to get the scoop for the Metropolis Inquisitor, but the detectives won't let her near. Standing next to the roped-off elevator, she notices the contents of Lana's purse scattered on the floor, including a silver cigarette case. She dumps her own purse onto the floor and while apologizing profusely, scoops her belongings up, snagging the case as well. Clark arrives and feels guilty that he wasn't watching over Lana, but Chloe remarks that Lana must have had a specific purpose for being at the Planet in the middle of the night. She asks Jimmy to download the photograph of the attacker.
With the movie playing in the background, Jimmy proceeds to download the photo. Suddenly, a figure emerges from the shadows. He strikes Jimmy over the head and he is knocked unconscious...
Jimmy wakes up in a black-and-white world of Metropolis on May 3, 1940. He is the Daily Planet's star reporter and Chloe Sullivan is his assistant. He then meets another reporter, bespectacled Clark Kent, who is clumsy and bumbling. Jimmy is confused in this alternate reality, but he is soon immersed into it when he takes a call from a woman who wants to report a murder—her own.
Jimmy meets the caller, Lana Luthor, married to Lex, the most powerful man in Metropolis. She believes her husband is trying to have her killed. Lana is compelling and persuasive. She pleads with Jimmy for his help, so he agrees to follow Lex. She gives him a silver cigarette case with gardenias engraved on it. Inside is a large amount of cash and a matchbook from the Talon, a lounge.
Jimmy goes to the Talon, but he can't get past the bouncer until Clark Kent appears. He is suddenly suave and put-together and ushers Jimmy into the club. He doesn't give details on his sudden personality change, only asking Jimmy what story he's chasing. Jimmy plays dumb, but Clark knows that he must have a big scoop. However, the owner of the lounge, Lionel Luthor, approaches and asks Clark why Jimmy is with him. Clark just says that Jimmy is down on love.
The three men stop their conversation when the star of the lounge takes the stage. As she sings, Lionel and Lex talk about what Jimmy and Clark are up to. Clark catches Jimmy eyeing Lex and realizes that Jimmy is after him. He claims that he'll help him, but Jimmy is skeptical. When Clark leaves, Lionel tells Jimmy that every night, Lex makes a big exit but he isn't really in his car. Jimmy watches Lex leave and when Lex secretly ducks into a car, Jimmy follows him into an alley. He sees Lex approach the lounge singer and listens as she complains that they'll never be able to be together. Lex remarks that they can continue their affair when his wife is "out of the way." Jimmy snaps a photograph of them kissing and speeds away. Lex chases him down, but he gets away.
Jimmy takes the photograph of Lex with the singer to Lana Luthor and confirms that Lex is planning to get rid of her. Lana feels trapped because Lex will either kill her or chase her. Jimmy offers to take care of Lex and she gives him a pistol, to "protect himself." Jimmy meets Lex, who nonchalantly says that he'll have Jimmy killed. Jimmy shows him the photograph and says that he has proof that he was trying to kill his wife, but Lex counters that he is simply going to divorce her. He warns that Lana is deceitful and reaches into his jacket. Jimmy impulsively reacts and shoots Lex. With his last breath, Lex mutters, "gardenia."
Lex's death by an unknown suspect is the main headline and Chloe knows right away that it is Jimmy. She finds him at The Talon drowning his sorrows. He confirms that he did shoot Lex, but Chloe thinks he was set up. She reveals that Clark Kent has also been calling Lana Luthor. Lionel overhears their conversation and calls Lana to warn that they are onto her. Lana remarks that it doesn't matter anymore because Lex is dead. It is revealed that she is indeed having an affair with Clark Kent. She puts a gun in her purse and exits. Jimmy confronts Clark at the Planet but is shocked to discover that it is Lana. She admits that she orchestrated the whole set-up, then shoots Jimmy. Suddenly, another gunshot rings out and Lana is shot from the back. Clark appears and as Lana dies, she says she did it all for him. Jimmy recovers enough to realize that the cigarette case deflected the bullet and he is unharmed. He looks on in shock at Clark, who then reveals himself to be an undercover detective. Detective Kent states that he was sent to watch Lex, but accidentally fell in love with his wife. The dream ends as Detective Kent hauls Jimmy to the authorities.
Jimmy awakens in the present to a concerned Chloe. She says the photograph of the attacker has been deleted, but Jimmy, remembering the dream, theorizes that Lana had ulterior motives for being at the Planet. He notices the cigarette case is missing from the scene. They use the elevator memory to find out what floor she visited—the floor for political correspondence. They break into Brennan's office, the only reporter that was still on the floor at the time of the shooting. Brennan appears shortly afterward and they question him. They know that Brennan was the one who struck Jimmy. Brennan admits that Lana contacted him, but before their meeting, he heard a gunshot and ran away. He knew police wouldn't believe his story, so he erased the photo. He is then shot dead through the office door. Jimmy runs after the gunman while Chloe calls Clark. They fight in the lobby, but the gunman gets the upper hand and knocks Chloe off the balcony. She falls down the middle of the spiral staircase but Clark catches her just before she hits the floor. He sneaks away just as Jimmy arrives. Jimmy has knocked the gunman out and Chloe hugs him.
Lois arrives home to find Lionel waiting for her. He demands that she give the cigarette case back. Inside is a flash drive, but Lois says it is empty. However, Lionel opens it and views a video file in which Lex is conversing with Senator Burke about Project Ares. Lois realizes that even Lionel did not know that the senator was involved. Lionel simply remarks that whoever shot Lana wouldn't hesitate to kill her too.
Chloe goes to visit Lana at the hospital and informs her that Brennan was killed. Lana claims she doesn't remember anything but Chloe presses until she reveals that Lionel is forcing her to spy on Lex. She intended to give the evidence to the papers to incriminate both Luthors and says it was her only way to get out from under them. Chloe is still confused that Lionel is using Lana against Lex until Lana admits that she married Lex and is spying on him to protect Clark. Chloe reminds Lana that Clark can take care of himself, Lana interjets and reminds her of his weakness and is afraid that if she stops helping Lionel that Clark's weakness will be used against him. Lana still doesn't understand fully Clark's secret or what his weakness is, she is merely afraid for his safety.
Clark is frustrated that all leads to Lana's attacker have met dead ends since the attacker was killed while in police custody. He is highly agitated when he realizes that Chloe is purposely not investigating and correctly guesses that she knows something she's not telling. He gets upset and storms away determined to find Lana's attacker with or without her help. Chloe stops him and points out that he's kept his secret from Lana for years in an attempt to "protect her", Clark asks is she is doing this to protect him? Clark states that Lex wouldn't put Lana in a comprimising situation and decides that there is only one other person who would be able to control her: Lionel.
Lex is leaving the hospital when his bodyguard informs him that the gun that shot Lana belonged to Lex. He speculates that she was carrying it for protection, but Lex doesn't know from whom?
Chloe meets Jimmy outside the Talon. He announces that he has been promoted and is leaving Kansas on assignment, but wants to take a photograph with "his girl" before he goes, and they part on an optimistic note.
- Senator Ed Burke - Alan C. Peterson
- Jimmy Olsen - Aaron Ashmore
- Jason Bartlett - Ben Ayres
- George - Mike Dupud
- Brennan - Richard Kahan
- Unknown - Kasper Michaels
- Unknown - Audra Ricketts
- Unknown - Kelly-Ruth Mercier
Featured Music Edit
- "The Finger Points To You (Instrumental)" - Maxayn
- "Somebody Else" - Venessa Rojo (Performed by Erica Durance)
- Noir refers to film noir, French for "black film". Film noir was a crime drama movie genre usually featuring murder under suspicious circumstances. These black-and-white films were extremely popular in the 1940s.
- Jimmy's dream was in black and white, and appeared in the noir style.
- Chloe and Jimmy are watching The Big Sleep, a 1946 film starring Humphrey Bogart and Lauren Bacall. It is a classic example of Film noir.
- Jimmy also mentions Cagney and Stanwyck, two other stars of the noir genre.
- This is one of the two episodes in which Jimmy is the main protagonist. The other is Sleeper.
- It seems certain that the unnamed gunman was acting on someone's orders, but it's never revealed whose. If Burke's conversation in the following episode, Prototype, alludes to this episode, it's possible the gunman was hired by Burke to find the mole in Lex's organization, but acted on his own initiative when he discovered it was Lana.
- The Big Sleep is the second Warner Bros. movie or short to appear on Smallville. The first was a Bugs Bunny cartoon in the Season One episode Craving.
- The Daily Planet building's address is given as 1000 Broadway.
- The shot of the 1940's Daily Planet signage is from the 1950's TV Show The Adventures of Superman starring George Reeves.
- Chloe seems to have had the Toyota Yaris she drove in Wither and Subterranean painted from light-blue to slate-gray, reason unknown. Oddly its auto-body color returns to light-blue again the next year in Traveler. It is also possible that she traded-in her vehicle to the dealer twice.
- Martha Kent does not appear in this episode.
- This is Jimmy's last appearance as a recurring character for this season. He is a main character next two seasons.
- This is the first time Lionel Luthor has been seen without a beard. He is clean-shaven except for a well-trimmed mustache.
- This is the first and only episode that features Lex and Lois having an intimate relationship.
- Detective Kent's badge he shows to Jimmy is in the familiar Superman pentagon shape.
- Lana's shoulder wound switches sides in the time between being shot and moving to the hospital. It moves again in the next episode Prototype
- During Jimmy and Lana's conversation in the 1940s, the Vancouver SkyTrain can be seen in the background as speedily-moving lights. The sound the SkyTrain usually makes is masked with the sound of a regular train, making it part of the scene.
- In Jimmy Olsen's dream, Lana Lang calls to report her own murder, a plot point made famous in another film noir, D.O.A..
- When Chloe shows Jimmy his picture in the Daily Planet, the photos on the front page change when the viewpoint shifts. The first two pictures are a headshot of Jimmy and a distance shot of the police, but when a close-up of the paper is shown, the photos are now of Jimmy shaking hands with an official and of the gunman in police custody.
- Jimmy´s prolonged dream is another "alternate-reality-story" on Smallville. Other episodes featuring this kind of story line are Slumber, Crisis, Lexmas, Reckoning, Static, Labyrinth, Apocalypse, Infamous and Pandora.
- Jimmy marvels about his dream, which had "Clark Kent leading a double life as a reporter by day and crime-fighter by night". This is an allusion to Batman.
- In this episode, Clark wears glasses and a smart suit in his brief scene in the Daily Planet. He fumbles with them much like in the Superman movies. He also has a mild-mannered personality which references what he will eventually become in his real future.
- This is the first time Lois and Lionel have shared a scene together since season four's Crusade.
- In the scene where Lois is singing it was actually Erica Durance singing. Much like Teri Hatcher did when Lois went undercover as a lounge singer for a story in the first season of Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman "I've got a crush on you".
- When first seeing Lana lying on the floor in the elevator, her gunshot wound is on her left shoulder. Later, as the EMT's take her out on the stretcher, they are putting pressure on the wound which is on her right shoulder.
- The kiss between Jimmy and Chloe in the last scene is reminiscent of the famous VJ Day Kiss.
- Lionel Luthor refers to Jimmy Olsen as 'Boy Wonder'. This is a name used to describe Batman's sidekick Robin.
- Alluding to his mild-mannered reporter disguise he wears as Superman, this is the second time Clark is shown wearing eyeglasses; the first was in Whisper, Clark would also be seen in a reporter disguise (glasses and suit) in Apocalypse, and be seen wearing glasses claiming he's nearsighted in Idol. This is also the second time he has been portrayed as a professional reporter, the first being in Lex's dream in Lexmas.
- Jason Bartlett, the Project Ares supervisor, also appeared in Combat, Nemesis, Prototype, Static and Phantom.
- This is the first episode since Crimson that Lois appears in where she isn't in any physical danger.
- This episode marks the 56th appearance of Clark's red jacket & blue shirt outfit, which he wears frequently throughout the series.
- Jimmy was last seen in Freak.
- Detective Clark Kent: (to Jimmy) Relax, I'm one of the good guys.
- Detective Clark Kent: I should've known better. Rule number one-- never get mixed up with a girl. Not when you're on the job.
- Jimmy: On the job? (Clark shows him his police badge) You're a cop?
- Detective Kent: Undercover unit. I was sent here to watch Lex Luthor. Falling in love with his wife, that was... that was my mistake.
- Detective Clark Kent: (to Jimmy) Someone should've told you, kid. There are no heroes in Metropolis.
- Clark: You're holding back something from me, aren't you? Chloe, I can't believe you'd lie to me!
- Chloe: I can't believe you didn't hear the deafening irony in that statement.
- Chloe: When did you learn to do that?
- Jimmy: Some girls go for sports cars. I figure you're more of a lock-picking kind of girl.
- Chloe: (in Clark's arms after he catches her) You didn't have to wait until the last second, you know.
- Clark: What fun would that be?
- Jimmy: You know, it was so weird. I mean, half of it made sense. Lana and Lionel working together and Clark Kent leading a double life as a reporter by day and crime-fighter by night... You know, it's funny what your mind will cook up.
- Jimmy: I figured you could use an escape from your real-life soap opera.
- Chloe: What do you mean?
- Jimmy: Well, if you live it every day, but from the outside. Your real life's got Cagney and Stanwyck written all over it. You've got your billionaire mogul, you got the confused damsel who chose money over love, and the mysterious best friend who shows up everywhere because he can't seem to get a real job. Not to mention the steadfast dame they all depend on.
- Chloe: Wow. A real glimpse in the mind of Jimmy Olsen. FYI, um, "dame"? Not so flattering.
- Jimmy: I didn't peg you as the kind of guy with a secret identity.
- Detective Clark Kent: And you're never gonna.
- Bartender Lionel: You stroll in here with this crackerjack kid... You trying to land me in the cooler?
- Detective Clark Kent: Cool your jets, Mack. Jimmy's here just a little down on love. Ain't you, Jimmy?
- Bartender Lionel: Poor sucker. Man, dame's his poison.
|Episodes: Season 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10| | <urn:uuid:6a423d25-a471-4b42-a00e-9b8210b4461e> | 2013-05-23T18:32:23Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Lady Tis-Shine wrote:Well ask yourself this question, why do you call yourself Dove of something/whatever, instead of something more apt like Vulture of something/whatever?
Do not be such a hypocrite.
Sorry Peace And Quiet...She was funny for once.Has it's flip-side though...you got to be dead for the Vultures to hang around.
- Posts: 7569
Join date: 2010-03-29
Location: No Fixed Address
Permissions in this forum:You cannot reply to topics in this forum | <urn:uuid:b3f0256e-cc92-4cfb-a89f-1213d5cb60ac> | 2013-05-23T18:51:47Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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the price on shipping depends on three factors:
1. the weight of the media
2. the size of the media
3. where it should be send
to calculate this here i use fright units.
the shipping price will be calculated on this math.
the standart unit is 1 x 12inch with 1 unit, 7inches are 0.18 units and cds are 0.2 units for instance.
Over the thumb therefore is this a close near what shipping will cost you: | <urn:uuid:0f62cc73-87db-4c72-9fbc-1daf87670556> | 2013-05-23T18:44:45Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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2) He refutes the ignorant belief that red makes a bull mad. It is not so. Everything makes a bull mad.
3) He is more masculine: were he a smoker, he'd prefer Marlboros.
4) His I.Q. is unusually high, surpassing that of most bullfight spectators and some bullfighters.
5) Even when cowardly, he retains his name of a "brave bull."
A bullfighter differs from the bull in the following:
1) He is much smaller than the bull unless the empresa is saving money.
2) The sight of any color bull makes him mad.
3) Not all bullfighters are Marlboro-smoker types.
4) His I.Q. may or may not surpass that of the bull.
5) When he is cowardly, he is no longer called a bullfighter but goes by other names. | <urn:uuid:a16e2535-d619-4966-8720-0a00ef355cc5> | 2013-05-23T18:45:42Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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- 19TH HOLE: THE READERS TAKE OVERSeptember 28, 1970
- 3 San Diego ChargersJeffri Chadiha | September 04, 2006
- Next weekFebruary 12, 1968
The case of Wilberto Hernandez didn't exactly fit the pattern of the earlier complaints against Dykstra. Unlike the others, Hernandez barely knew the ex-player. They had met once, in September 2010, introduced by Robert Hymers, a mutual friend and a mild-mannered, churchgoing, then 27-year-old accountant at Ernst & Young. On Valentine's Day 2011, when Hernandez followed up on his call to the police by coming in to speak with Contreras, he brought Hymers with him.
Hymers told police that he had introduced Hernandez to Dykstra so that Hernandez could help Dykstra improve his credit. At the time, however, Hernandez did not realize that Hymers, who had been doing financial work for Dykstra outside of his employment with Ernst & Young, had been seduced by Dykstra's lifestyle—riding in fancy cars, meeting retired ballplayers and hanging out with celebrities, including Charlie Sheen. Hymers told Contreras that he loaned Dykstra money and credit cards and would later tell police that spending time with Dykstra was "like being in a movie." In a well-publicized stunt last May, Dykstra, with Hymers in tow, made a spontaneous nighttime visit to Dwight Gooden, one of Dykstra's old Mets teammates, while Gooden was participating in the VH1 show Celebrity Rehab. Dykstra tried to spring Gooden from the house where the program was being shot but instead reportedly left only with Gooden's bags.
In late 2010, Hymers, according to a taped interview that police conducted with him on Feb. 14, 2011, began helping Dykstra package assets—specifically his MLB pension and a stake in the online celebrity poker site Hollywood Poker—to be sold or used as collateral to obtain loans. Dykstra promised Hymers equity in his new business Home Free Systems, ostensibly set up to help people refinance predatory home mortgages. Dykstra had also introduced Hymers to Sheen, with whom Hymers hoped to partner on an energy drink with the slogan, "Sheen power, Sheen blood, Sheen energy." Hymers also wanted to market an electronic cigarette called the Nico-Sheen through a company called Vapor Rush. Vapor Rush, which lists Hymers as the CFO on its website, filed for a Nico-Sheen trademark on April 4, 2011, according to records from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Later that month, TMZ reported that Nico-Sheen would be billed as the "winning E-cigarette" and Dykstra would be a partner in the venture.
Hymers was dazzled by the possibility of earning money with Sheen; in a second police interview, on March 22, 2011, he referred to Dykstra as "Sheen rich and cash poor." Hymers also portrayed himself to Contreras as a friend who tried to help Dykstra, of whom Hymers told police, "Some nights he'll be in Beverly Hills staying in a hotel, and other nights he'll be in his car." He recounted trying to take Dykstra to his church: Hymers said Dykstra immediately claimed to smell mold in the church and had an insurance adjuster come to the building after hours to inspect it, claiming that the adjuster was a friend who would give him a kickback if there was money to be made from a claim. "I've never been good with profiling people," Hymers told Contreras. "Lenny took advantage of that."
Hymers had done some tax work for Hernandez and had Hernandez's personal information stored on his laptop. In the fall of 2010, Hymers had filed a police report saying that his Dell laptop had been stolen. In his Valentine's Day 2011 interview with Contreras, Hymers said that it was taken when he fell asleep during a late night working with Dykstra in a room at the Intercontinental hotel in L.A. When he woke up, Dykstra told him a prostitute had come in, threatened him with a taser and taken the laptop. "You believe that?" Contreras asked incredulously.
In 2010 a former Dykstra personal assistant that Contreras tracked down had passed along a tip: Dykstra never erases any of his Yahoo! e-mail. Contreras submitted a search warrant to Yahoo! and, on Feb. 16, 2011, two days after Hernandez and Hymers visited the station, reams of Dykstra's e-mails arrived. LAPD computer crimes officer Maurice Kwon found among them copies of pay stubs from Home Free Systems made out to Jessica Costa, a then 35-year-old model and single mother of five who had met Dykstra at a party in the fall of 2010. In an e-mail to SI last month, she said that "modeling is not my dream job, I studied electrical engineering, however it pays the bills."
According to LAPD records, when Contreras first visited Costa, on Feb. 22, 2011, she told him that she knew Dykstra but had never done any work for Home Free Systems and did not receive any of the money indicated in the pay stubs. In the Home Free Systems documents, Costa was portrayed as the company's sales director—at a supposed salary of $120,000 per year—and a credit application in her name was used in November 2010 to lease a Porsche 911 for Dykstra from a dealership in Newport Beach.
According to prosecutors, Home Free Systems was a company in name only. Account statements for the company proved, after Contreras contacted the banks represented, to be fakes allegedly made on a personal computer. (Dykstra contends Home Free Systems is a legitimate business.) Before the Home Free Systems website went down last year, SI contacted Moshe Mortner, a New York lawyer who worked with Dykstra on his bankruptcy case and was the sole partner listed on the Home Free Systems site. Mortner was surprised to hear that he was listed as a partner. "Maybe in the loose sense of the word," he said, "[but] not a business partner."
E-mails between Costa and Dykstra show that Costa had misgivings about procuring the Porsche, but that Dykstra encouraged her by suggesting that he would help her purchase a house. In an e-mail Dykstra sent to Costa on Nov. 6, 2010, in response to her concerns about who would make the car payments, Dykstra writes, "come on Jessica, they call it the Top 1% for a f------ reason!" He concluded the message saying, in all capital letters, that "EVERYTHING WILL BE OK ALL YOU HAVE TO DO IS FOLLOW THESE STEPS AND YOU WILL BE FINE, JUST FINISH OFF WHAT WE NEED WITH THE CARS AND YOU AND YOUR FAMILY WILL BE FINE."
The Porsche was leased using Costa's personal information and a credit application that appears to bear her signature stating her employment with Home Free Systems. Costa, who according to Orange County Court Records pleaded guilty in December 2011 to fraud, maintained to SI that she never went to the dealership with Dykstra and that Dykstra stole her personal information and forged her signature. According to police, the whereabouts of the Porsche are unknown. | <urn:uuid:0e48d55d-6a59-48e4-bc7a-58f608842312> | 2013-05-23T18:44:12Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Think back to last year’s draft day. If you were like most fantasy leaguers, you came out of your draft with a pretty decent team. You were probably satisfied that you had assembled a good group of players. You looked forward to managing your team to a championship.
If you won your league last year, congratulations! However, odds are you were among the other 90% who came up short. What happened? Did you make some bad decisions? Did you get hit with bad luck? Most of us can probably pinpoint a few wrong turns that we made. However, you can also identify some twists of fate that played a part in your team’s finish.
Good decisions, bad decisions, good luck, bad luck… they all shape our success in this game. The best fantasy players make more good decisions and position themselves to take advantage of luck better than the other owners in their league. The truth is, we have much more control over our fantasy destiny than most people realize. While some of our decisions may turn out badly, there are many unlucky events that are not bad luck at all. They are bad decisions. | <urn:uuid:096b2929-643f-4437-9d31-e4b0c33048a5> | 2013-05-23T18:31:20Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Is there a way to work with text files inside archives with git without persistently unpacking them?
Presumably to make git to think of archives like directories, with the means of git hooks or other comfortable way.
(I was thinking about mount points on both Win32 and Linux but I'm not sure if that could be made convenient, because each file should be individually mapped as I see it now.)
One application would be that git could work nicely with, say, ODT files. :) | <urn:uuid:310681db-1bdd-48ea-a470-bba714b0313b> | 2013-05-23T18:39:33Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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You can make your functions monad-agnostic by using typeclasses instead of concrete monad stacks.
Let's say that you have this function, for example:
bangMe :: State String ()
bangMe = do
str <- get
put $ str ++ "!"
-- or just modify (++"!")
Of course, you realize that it works as a transformer as well, so one could write:
bangMe :: Monad m => StateT String m ()
However, if you have a function that uses a different stack, let's say
ReaderT [String] (StateT String IO) () or whatever, you'll have to use the dreaded
lift function! So how is that avoided?
The trick is to make the function signature even more generic, so that it says that the
State monad can appear anywhere in the monad stack. This is done like this:
bangMe :: MonadState String m => m ()
m to be a monad that supports state (virtually) anywhere in the monad stack, and the function will thus work without lifting for any such stack.
There's one problem, though; since
IO isn't part of the
mtl, it doesn't have a transformer (e.g.
IOT) nor a handy type class per default. So what should you do when you want to lift IO actions arbitrarily?
To the rescue comes
MonadIO! It behaves almost identically to
MonadReader etc, the only difference being that it has a slightly different lifting mechanism. It works like this: you can take any
IO action, and use
liftIO to turn it into a monad agnostic version. So:
action :: IO ()
liftIO action :: MonadIO m => m ()
By transforming all of the monadic actions you wish to use in this way, you can intertwine monads as much as you want without any tedious lifting. | <urn:uuid:bc2fcf82-e965-4fc7-ad16-fb070a82f89e> | 2013-05-23T18:44:31Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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How often should you check the tire pressure on your car? If you’re not sure, read on…
Correct tire pressure is important for the safety, comfort, and economy of your car. So how often should you check the pressure of the tires on your car? That depends mainly on the season, with a few other considerations you should always keep in mind.
During warm weather you should check tire pressure at least once a month. But if the weather changes or if any other considerations become important, then you should check tire pressure at least once a week.
During cold weather, and particularly if there is snow or ice in your area, you should check tire pressure at least once a week. If snow and ice affect the roads in your area, you should visit your nearest Star Tire and Wheels 203-933-2886 store and seek advice on special tires and equipment that are designed to provide grip in slippery conditions.
When you notice a change in the weather, you should check the pressure of the tires on your car. If it is noticeably warmer now than when you last checked tire pressure, your tires may now be over-inflated. Conversely, if it is noticeably cooler now than when you last checked tire pressure, your tires may now be under-inflated.
If you are driving and you hit a curb or run over debris on the road, you may have damaged your tires. Should you have any reason to believe that your tires may have suffered damage, you must visually check the tires each day and properly check tire pressure each week. Driving with damaged tires is dangerous and illegal, which makes the following guideline one of great importance: if in doubt, do not drive your car. Instead, visit your nearest Star Tire and Wheels 203-933-2886 store and seek advice on how you can properly check your tires, which may involve purchasing a tire gauge.
If you have not driven your car for more than two weeks, you should visually check the tires before driving again. If any of the tires look flat, do not drive the car. Even if all the tires look okay, you should check their pressure at the first available service station as they may still be under-inflated.
When you buy a new car, or when you borrow or hire another car, you should check tire pressure as soon as possible. Keep in mind that you are ultimately responsible for the road-worthiness of any vehicle you drive, so you must never assume that the driver before you has checked its tires.
Finally, don’t forget to check the pressure and condition of your spare tire at least once every six months. | <urn:uuid:f460f013-538a-420c-9209-0e9d65e9eca4> | 2013-05-23T18:45:28Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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- "You really have done superb work, Anakin. Saving the Rendili Fleet! Far better than I could have hoped."
- ―Supreme Chancellor Palpatine
When word came that Rendili, the planet home to the Rendili StarDrive corporation and producer of the Dreadnaught-class heavy cruisers, was possibly going to join the Confederacy of Independent Systems, Supreme Chancellor Palpatine and the Galactic Senate ordered a Jedi-led task force to Rendili. Their mission was either to convince the Rendili Home Defense Fleet to remain with the Galactic Republic or, if that failed, to destroy them lest they fell into the hands of Dooku. As the commander of the Rendili Fleet was Captain Jace Dallin, Jedi Master Plo Koon and Captain Jan Dodonna were sent as part of the fleet to negotiate with him, the three having fought together during the Stark Hyperspace War.
Arriving at Rendili, the Republic force discovered that an Independent Provisional Government had already assumed power on Rendili, and joined with the Separatists. Koon and Dodonna headed over to the Rendili flagship, Mersel Kebir, to speak with Dallin anyways. Despite some initial reluctance, Dallin agreed to order the fleet to defect to the Republic. At that time, Lieutenant Mellor Yago with the help of other junior officers such as Gallan arrested Koon, Dodonna, Dallin, and the other senior officers of the Mersel Kebir for treason against Rendili. Yago used them as hostages preventing an immediate attack, hoping that Saesee Tiin, commanding the Republic fleet, would hold off firing for at least twenty hours—the time at which General Grievous had promised a Confederate Navy support group would arrive at Rendili.
Interlude on the TitavianEdit
Just before the negotiating team crossed to the Mersel Kebir Obi-Wan Kenobi, one of the Jedi assigned to the Republic fleet, was asked by the Exploration Corps to investigate a missing ship for the Mycroft Intergalactic Zoological Society. Going to the coordinates given, he found the crippled ship, Titavian IV, with an old Jedi signal coming from it. Expecting perhaps to find Zao or Jerec onboard, Kenobi instead found Quinlan Vos, a renegade Jedi who had fallen to the dark side and defected to Dooku.
Vos was being hunted by seeker droids released by two of Dooku’s minions, Asajj Ventress and Tol Skorr, who were charged with punishing Vos for his failure following the Battle of Honoghr, where he had realized that he had indeed followed the wrong path. Stranded on the Titavian IV when the two Dark Jedi had placed his ship, the Skorp-Ion, out of reach, Vos had nearly been overwhelmed before Kenobi’s arrival. Retaking Vos’ ship, evading the Dark Jedi’s droids and a rancor released by them, and destroying their own ship, the two Jedi reversed the situation, escaping while leaving Ventress and Skorr stranded onboard the Titavian IV. Kenobi piloted their ship back to Rendili, despite the fact he anticipated trouble from Tiin over Vos.
- "The idiots are going to force us to kill them."
- ―Saesee Tiin
Meanwhile, Yago—expecting the arrival of the Confederate support group at any minute—had given Tiin an ultimatum: in one hour he would execute his hostages, starting with Koon. Onboard the Republic flagship, Sundiver, Tiin and Skywalker debated what to do. Deciding that there was no way to save the hostages, Tiin wished to destroy the Rendili Fleet ships, but Skywalker was convinced that in his starfighter, the Azure Angel II, he could set charges on the rear of the cruisers, leaving them stranded in space via a flaw in their original Mandalorian design. Tiin refused, as did Kenobi when he arrived shortly later with Vos. Tiin ordered Vos confined in a prison cell as Commander Adar Tallon, the Naval commander, reported that Confederate Lucrehulk-class Core Ships had emerged from hyperspace. Ordering the Sundiver to begin firing on the Mersel Kebir and the Triumph and Doneeta to fire on the Confederate ships, Tiin and the other Jedi headed to their starfighters to enter the battle.
Without permission, Anakin had the charges loaded onto his fighter and prepared to put his plan in motion. When the Sundiver was hit and suffered a power loss, Vos was able to leave his cell and get onboard a starfighter, entering the battle. Together with Kenobi, they infiltrated the Mersel Kebir as a means of destroying its Vulture droids from within, giving the distraction Skywalker needed to pull his plan through. Yago, in preparation for a hyperspace jump, had all the Rendili ships slave themselves to the Mersel Kebir; when sensors revealed this, Tiin ordered Tallon to ram the Sundiver into the Mersel Kebir, but this was made unnecessary when Skywalker succeeded in disabling the astrogation of the Mersel Kebir, leaving it and the other Rendili Fleet ships slaved to it stranded.
On board the Rendili flagship, Vos and Kenobi had managed to release the hostages. Dallin personally shot Yago, and retook command of the Rendili Fleet. Ordering that all other mutineers be summarily executed, he and Tiin ordered their combined fleets to concentrate fire on the Confederate ships, destroying them and ending the battle.
After the surrender of the fleet, the Independent Provisional Government was presumably quickly subdued as Rendili returned to the Republic by the end of the war.
Following the battle, the Rendili Fleet was taken to Coruscant to be refitted and used in the war effort. Due to their strong design, Supreme Chancellor Palpatine planned to turn them into prison ships for use in transporting captured Dark Jedi loyal to Dooku. Presumably they became some of the Imperial dungeon ships used during the Great Jedi Purge, alongside the Lictor-class.
At Palpatine's urging, the Senate passed a resolution that mandated all defense fleets to be assimilated into the Republic Navy, to prevent a similar situation from arising in the future. This influx of power into the central military while weakening local systems would form the basis of the Imperial Navy and the Imperial ability to "rule through threat of force rather than force itself".
Ventress and Skorr were rescued from the Titavian IV by General Grievous. Skorr was taken by Grievous to make an accounting of the fiasco to Dooku, while Ventress made her way to Coruscant to deal with Vos. When she saw Skywalker, she changed her tactics, and followed him. She witnessed one of Senator Padmé Amidala's handmaidens bring him a hologram of his wife, and suddenly showing herself, threatened to kill the "Jedi toy" before finishing him. In a fit of anger, Skywalker fought Ventress, sustaining a permanent scar to his face before wrapping her in electrical cables and throwing her off a tower into the Coruscant Underworld. She was presumed dead, but would later be found to be alive.
At a meeting before the Jedi High Council, Vos was cleared of all suspicion and welcomed back into the Jedi Order. They failed to realize that his true allegiance still remained with Dooku, who had engineered the entire situation as a means to get a spy into the Jedi ranks.
- Commander Cody
- Captain Jace Dallin (latter part)
- Captain Jan Dodonna
- Jedi Master Obi-Wan Kenobi
- Jedi Master Plo Koon
- Jedi Knight Anakin Skywalker
- Commander Adar Tallon
- Jedi Master Saesee Tiin
- Jedi Master Quinlan Vos
- Captain Jace Dallin (early part)
- Lieutenant Gallan†
- Lieutenant Mellor Yago†
- General Grievous (no direct action, supply of reinforcements only)
Behind the scenesEdit
The novel Yoda: Dark Rendezvous includes a scene where Whie Malreaux sees a holographic representation of the "Rendili Fleet Crisis" in the Jedi Temple. However, The New Essential Chronology places the battle of Rendili after the Mission to Vjun due to the fact that in the novel, Asajj Ventress is known to be alive and well (she was seen by Whie and Scout which would have been revealed in their mission report). In Obsession, however, Anakin is convinced that Ventress is dead (he believes he killed her at the end of the comics miniseries The Dreadnaughts of Rendili). Thus, it has to be assumed that the "Rendili crisis" mentioned in the novel (which is referred to only as a 'crisis' and not a 'battle') must be a reference to negotiations that preceded the later armed conflict seen in the comic. In the first issue of the The Dreadnaughts of Rendili story arc, Anakin is shown arriving in the midst of these negotiations.
Further complicating matters, due to a number of continuity conflicts with Star Wars: The Clone Wars, which is apparently set in the first year of the war, most of the events of the Clone Wars including the Battle of Rendili are likely to see redating to fit into the first year, as Anakin is shown to already possess his scar as of 22 BBY.
- Yoda: Dark Rendezvous (Possible mention as "Rendili Fleet Crisis")
- Star Wars: Republic: The Dreadnaughts of Rendili (First appearance)
- Star Wars: Republic 78: Loyalties (Mentioned only) | <urn:uuid:e5926775-4018-4c9a-9ac3-187f6f17c503> | 2013-05-23T19:05:35Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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My name is Lukas and music, photography and skateboarding is my life. I'm a very weird person, you probably won't find anyone anything like me. I wish people would give me more of a chance with them to prove that i'm one of the few guys that actually gives a shit. So yeah, there's that. This is my blog, I need more tattoos. | <urn:uuid:b96f87ea-f513-4acf-9e0e-963d8a0ced9f> | 2013-05-23T18:32:05Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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United States v. Calderon - 348 U.S. 160 (1954)
U.S. Supreme Court
United States v. Calderon, 348 U.S. 160 (1954)
United States v. Calderon
Argued October 21, 1954
Decided December 6, 1954
348 U.S. 160
CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
Respondent was convicted under § 145 of the Internal Revenue Code of willful attempts to evade federal income taxes for 1946 through 1949. The Government relied primarily upon a "net worth" computation. (See Holland v. United States, ante, p. 348 U. S. 121.) As to the "cash on hand" in the opening net worth computation, the Government credited respondent with $500 on the basis of oral and written extrajudicial statements made by respondent. Contending that independent evidence of the corpus delicti was lacking, respondent challenged the validity of his conviction.
Held: the conviction is affirmed. Pp. 348 U. S. 161-169.
(a) The jury could have concluded from the evidence that respondent's oral statement as to the $500 referred to his total cash on hand at the starting point. Pp. 348 U. S. 162-163.
(b) Respondent's signed statement as to the amount of "cash on hand" was not inadmissible as a matter of law; the weight to be given it was for the jury to determine in the light of all the circumstances. P. 348 U. S. 163.
(c) Where the circumstances surrounding a defendant's admissions cast doubt on their reliability, the trial judge and reviewing courts should exercise great care in determining whether the admissions were corroborated. Pp. 348 U. S. 163-164.
(d) When a defendant's motion for acquittal has been overruled and he introduces evidence in his own behalf, the reviewing courts may seek corroborative evidence in the proof of both parties. P. 348 U. S. 164.
(e) In this case, there was not sufficient evidence of the taxpayer's financial history to substantiate directly the Government's opening net worth computation. Pp. 348 U. S. 164-165.
(f) Uncorroborated admissions of a taxpayer regarding his tax returns for earlier years cannot serve to corroborate his other admissions. P. 348 U. S. 165.
(g) The financial history of respondent and his business during the prosecution years provided sufficient independent evidence of the crime of tax evasion to corroborate his statements concerning cash on hand. Pp. 348 U. S. 165-167.
(h) Respondent's extrajudicial statements concerning cash on hand were corroborated also by his testimony at the trial, which, taken together with that part of the net worth statement that was stipulated or independently proved, established a $30,000 deficiency in reported income. P. 348 U. S. 167.
(i) While the evidence as a whole must show a deficiency for each of the prosecution years, the corroborative evidence suffices if it shows a substantial deficiency for the over-all prosecution period. P. 348 U. S. 168.
(j) Independent evidence that respondent understated his income by $30,000 in the same four-year period for which his extrajudicial admissions tended to show a $46,000 deficiency is adequate corroboration. P. 348 U. S. 168.
(k) The corroboration rule requires no more than substantial evidence that the crime of tax evasion has been committed. P. 348 U. S. 168.
(l) Although the evidence in this case was insufficient to corroborate the opening net worth directly, there was adequate independent evidence of tax evasion. Pp. 348 U. S. 168-169.
207 F.2d 377, reversed.
MR. JUSTICE CLARK delivered the opinion of the Court.
The issue in this case is similar to the question presented in Smith v. United States, ante, p. 348 U. S. 147, on the corroboration of respondent's extrajudicial statements concerning his "opening net worth." The admissibility of these statements is not questioned.
Respondent, an operator of a legitimate coin machine business, was tried and convicted on four counts charging him with willful attempts to evade and defeat his own and his wife's income taxes for the years 1946 through 1949. The Government's case rested primarily on a net
worth computation which showed net worth increases and nondeductible expenditures of $62,993.47 for the prosecution period; during these same four years, respondent declared only $16,775.14 income. It was stipulated that the computation was correct except as to the items "cash on hand" and "cash in bank." Respondent's bank balances were proved by introducing the bank records, and, with some minor adjustments, the Government's net worth computation was amply verified in this respect. As to "cash on hand," particularly the amount credited to the taxpayer as of the beginning of the prosecution period, respondent contends that the only evidence tending to substantiate the Government's figures is the uncorroborated admissions of the accused. He argues that, lacking independent evidence of the corpus delicti, the conviction cannot stand. The Court of Appeals agreed, and reversed the judgment of conviction, observing that, absent a starting item such as cash on hand, "the remainder of the statement proves nothing." 207 F.2d 377. We granted the Government's petition for certiorari. 347 U.S. 1008.
The Government credited the respondent with $500 cash on hand at the starting point. One of the Government agents testified that the $500 figure was an approximation based on respondent's oral answer to a request that he estimate his year-end balances of cash on hand. According to the agent's notes, respondent replied that he had "approximately $500.00 cash in his pocket. He believes that because it is his habit to carry about that much money in his pocket at all times." It was admitted that the taxpayer might have had more than this amount on hand at certain times, since he had frequently made deposits in his bank accounts in sums of $1,000 and $2,000. It appears that the agent did not inquire into how much money respondent had in his safe or his business, as opposed to the funds in his pocket, maintaining
that he was justified in treating the taxpayer's statement regarding the $500 as covering his total cash on hand. Respondent contended that this figure failed to embrace a substantial sum in currency in his safe at the starting date. Both the Government and the respondent adduced a number of circumstances in support of their respective positions, and, in interpreting the meaning of respondent's statement, the jury could readily have found the Government's circumstantial proof more persuasive. In our view, it could have concluded from the evidence that respondent's statement as to the $500 referred to his total cash on hand at the starting point.
Respondent also signed a written statement admitting to the same opening cash on hand. This document contained the over-all net worth computation relied on by the Government at the trial. The Government's evidence tended to show that it had been signed by the respondent after the usual warning and after he and the agents had worked over the statement, item by item, for some eight hours. Though admitting that both he and his accountant had read the statement, the respondent sought to prove that he had not understood the net worth computation as a whole or the individual item of "cash on hand"; that, before signing the statement, he had asked his accountant whether it was correct, intending to rely on the latter's judgment; and that the accountant, in giving defendant the go-ahead, had merely approved the method employed in compiling the statement, without passing on the accuracy of the particular figures. Again, it was for the jury to consider all these circumstances in determining the weight to be given the signed statement; we cannot say that the document should have been rejected as a matter of law.
But all these factors are relevant in determining whether the independent evidence provided adequate corroboration. As in Smith v. United States, the circumstances
surrounding defendant's admissions cast some doubt on their reliability. The statements were made by a taxpayer anxious to cooperate with the Government in the hope of limiting civil liability and avoiding criminal prosecution. The oral statement, with its "in the pocket" terminology, is certainly not clear. And the Government's own witness, the respondent's accountant, testified that he had not verified the particular figures in the written statement when it was referred to him by respondent. Under these circumstances, the trial judge and reviewing courts should exercise great care in determining whether the statements of the accused were corroborated. The reviewing courts, however, can seek corroborative evidence in the proof of both parties where, as in this case, the defendant introduces evidence in his own behalf after his motion for acquittal has been overruled. Cf. Bogk v. Gassert, 149 U. S. 17. [Footnote 1]
Unlike Smith, there is not sufficient evidence here of the taxpayer's financial history to substantiate directly the opening net worth. Proof that the taxpayer was impoverished by the depression, that he was working for his meals and $8 a week in 1935, is too remote, absent proof of the taxpayer's financial circumstances in the intervening years. The respondent entered the coin machine business in a modest way in 1935; he discontinued
his low-paying job in 1939 and, except for a short period during the war, he devoted his entire efforts to his coin machine business until 1945, when he began to operate a cafe as well. The only evidence of defendant's fortunes between 1935 and 1946, the first prosecution year, consists of his tax returns for 1944 and 1945 and some meager evidence with regard to his tax returns for 1941, 1942 and 1943. The latter apparently was obtained from the respondent, and, standing uncorroborated, cannot serve to corroborate respondent's other admissions. The 1944 and 1945 returns show net taxable income of $4,162 and $7,328 respectively, with gross receipts from the coin machines of $9,266 and $10,302. This sketchy background can hardly give rise to an inference that defendant had no more cash at the starting date than the Government gave him credit for.
Accordingly, we must search for independent evidence which will tend to establish the crime directly without resort to the net worth method. There are several evidentiary strands which merit inspection, the first of which is very similar to one employed in Smith. We held there that an inference of tax evasion could be based on the fact that the taxpayer's visible assets greatly increased at a time when he was receiving unrecorded amounts of taxable income. In Smith v. United States, the taxpayer kept no records. Here, the records were shown to be incomplete. Receipts from the coin machines were tabulated from a number of receipt books covering various locations. The receipt books were not numbered, the taxpayer was unsure of how many machines he had in operation, and there was considerable concern about receipt books' being lost or misplaced. The loss of one receipt book would make a difference of from $1,000 to $1,500 in income. Eventually, on the advice of his accountant, respondent began to number the
books. [Footnote 2] But, even after this safeguard was employed, unnumbered books continued to appear -- and then disappear; two were lost, and subsequently recovered, in a period of three or four months. A system of recording receipts which rests on so unfirm a foundation hardly places the respondent in a very different class -- for this purpose -- than the taxpayer who keeps no books at all. Both are receiving unrecorded amounts of income.
The increase in respondent's visible assets is considerably less than the increase presented in the Smith case. There, the increment over a four-year period amounted to more than $196,000, the taxpayer's declared income was less than $17,000, and his average personal living expenses were $3,500 a year. In this case, also over a four-year span, the figures are: increase in visible assets (excluding the cash item), $47,594; declared income, $16,775; living expenses, $3,000 yearly (plus some $1,900 in other nondeductible expenditures). The increase, though less than in Smith, is far from insubstantial. While reporting income only $4,775 in excess of his living expenses, the taxpayer increased his bank balances by over $16,000; added $1,000 to his holdings of United States Savings Bonds; increased his investments in land and buildings by over $9,000; and poured some $22,000 net additional capital into his business. These increments, when considered in the light of respondent's receipt of unrecorded amounts of taxable income are sufficiently at variance with his reported income to support an inference of tax evasion. The inference is buttressed in this case by the peculiar relation between the reported gains from respondent's coin machine business and his investments in new equipment. In three of the four prosecution years, the respondent reported a net loss on his coin machine
operation, and, in the fourth, a net gain of only $1,330. During the same period, he made gross investments in new equipment totaling $37,555. The jury could readily find defendant's investment policy inconsistent with his claimed losses. Furthermore, although respondent contends that the war years marked the peak of his business activity, and that his apparent postwar increases came from profits accumulated during that period, it was not until 1947, the middle of the prosecution period, that his business became sufficiently large to require the full time of his accountant. We hold that the financial history of respondent and his business during the prosecution years provides sufficient independent evidence of the crime of tax evasion to corroborate his statements concerning cash on hand.
Even more conclusive corroboration, however, is respondent's testimony at the trial that he had $16,000 or $17,000 cash on hand at the starting point. This conflicted with the statements being corroborated ($500) and respondent's testimony at a prior trial ($2,000 to $9,000), but, for the purpose of independently establishing the crime charged, the jury could accept this testimony. Respondent further testified that he had $3,000 or $4,000 in cash at the end of the prosecution period. Taken together with the remainder of the net worth statement, which was stipulated or independently established, this testimony establishes a deficiency in reported income of more than $30,000. [Footnote 3] There could hardly be more conclusive independent evidence of the crime.
But one problem remains. The $17,000 hoard of cash could have absorbed the computed income deficiency for one or more of the prosecution years, [Footnote 4] and respondent was convicted on all four counts. It might be argued that independent evidence showing a $30,000 deficiency is not enough -- that there must be evidence that this sum resulted in a deficiency for each of the years here in issue. There is no merit in this contention. In the first place, this evidence is merely corroborating respondent's cash on hand admissions, and need not comply with the niceties of the annual accounting concept. While the evidence as a whole must show a deficiency for each of the prosecution years, the corroborative evidence suffices if it shows a substantial deficiency for the over-all prosecution period. Independent evidence that respondent understated his income by $30,000 in the same four-year period for which respondent's extrajudicial admissions tended to show a $46,000 deficiency is adequate corroboration. It provides substantial evidence that the crime or crimes of tax evasion have been committed; the corroboration rule requires no more. Second, there is evidence in this case which tends to negate the possibility that the alleged $17,000 hoard could have absorbed the deficiency for any of the prosecution years. This money supposedly went toward the purchase of equipment in 1946 and early 1947. Almost $16,000 in equipment was purchased in 1946; this accounts for nearly all of the cash hoard, and still leaves a deficiency in 1946 of over $5,000 in unreported income. [Footnote 5] The funds which remain are insufficient to absorb the income deficiencies of any subsequent prosecution years. [Footnote 6]
As we said, the circumstances surrounding respondent's admissions create considerable doubt as to their reliability.
We have therefore examined the independent evidence with great care to insure that the accused will not be convicted on the basis of a false admission alone. Although the evidence was insufficient to corroborate the opening net worth directly, we find the independent proof of tax evasion entirely adequate. Accordingly, the decision of the Court of Appeals setting aside the conviction is
MR. JUSTICE DOUGLAS dissents.
By introducing evidence, the defendant waives his objections to the denial of his motion to acquit. Lii v. United States, 198 F.2d 109; Leeby v. United States, 192 F.2d 331; Gaunt v. United States, 184 F.2d 284; Mosca v. United States, 174 F.2d 448; Hall v. United States, 83 U.S.App.D.C. 166, 168 F.2d 161. His proof may lay the foundation for otherwise inadmissible evidence in the Government's initial presentation, Ladrey v. United States, 81 U.S.App.D.C. 127, 155 F.2d 417, or provide corroboration for essential elements of the Government's case, United States v. Goldstein, 168 F.2d 666; Ercoli v. United States, 76 U.S.App.D.C. 360, 131 F.2d 354.
It is not clear from the record whether this numbering began during or after the prosecution period. Compare R. 130-131 with R. 177-178.
The Government's net worth computation, based on $500 cash on hand at the outset and $1,971.50 on hand at the conclusion of the prosecution period, yields a four-year net worth increase (with expenditures) of $62,993 -- $46,218 in excess of declared income. Eliminating the cash items from the net worth statement, the deficiency is reduced by $1,471 -- to $44,747. If the defendant's testimony is accepted, of $17,000 cash on hand at the beginning and $3,000 at the end, the deficiency must be reduced by another $14,000, leaving $30,747.
The computed deficiency for 1947 was $7,393, and for 1948, $3,284.
The computed deficiency for 1946 was $21,019. | <urn:uuid:763aaf4f-26c8-4331-bc4c-d967e0538df5> | 2013-05-23T19:05:53Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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run-time array redistribution, High Performance Fortran, HPF, algorithms, Intel Paragon
This paper describes efficient algorithms for runtime array redistribution in HPF programs. We consider block(m) to cyclic, cyclic to block(m) and the general cyclic(x) to cyclic(y) type redistributions. We initially describe algorithms for one-dimensional arrays and then extend the methodology to multidimensional arrays. The algorithms are practical enough to be easily implemented in the runtime library of an HPF compiler and can also be directly used in application programs requiring redistribution. Performance results on the Intel Paragon are discussed.
Thakur, Rajeev; Choudhary, Alok; and Fox, Geoffrey C., "Runtime Array Redistribution in HPF Programs" (1994). Northeast Parallel Architecture Center. Paper 12. | <urn:uuid:3a4542b8-4e30-4b27-b462-ff5894508157> | 2013-05-23T18:58:37Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Please, steal any original content you find on here. You don't have to credit me if you don't want to. Oh, and if you're using anyone else's content to make money? You have my permission to fuck yourself and die in a bush fire. Share and share alike, ideas are open source. | <urn:uuid:3a98aee0-6690-43af-8ae1-b3aff32b5042> | 2013-05-23T18:58:12Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Hey! This is my personal project of photography. If you really like my photos, just like and reblog it! You can also comment in the photo if you want to express appreciation or constructive criticism of my work.
surrealism [noun] - the principles, ideals, or practice of producing fantastic or incongruous imagery or effects in art, literature, film, or theater by means of unnatural or irrational juxtapositions and combinations.
vintage [noun] - a period of origin or manufacture; length of existence | <urn:uuid:1462c19e-adfa-48c0-b2be-a4dc4d009136> | 2013-05-23T18:51:51Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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SQL Server Profiler Reference
SQL Server Profiler is a tool that captures SQL Server events from a server. The events are saved in a trace file that can later be analyzed or used to replay a specific series of steps when trying to diagnose a problem. SQL Server Profiler is used for activities such as:
Stepping through problem queries to find the cause of the problem.
Finding and diagnosing slow-running queries.
Capturing the series of Transact-SQL statements that lead to a problem. The saved trace can then be used to replicate the problem on a test server where the problem can be diagnosed.
Monitoring the performance of SQL Server to tune workloads. For information about tuning the physical database design for database workloads, see Database Engine Tuning Advisor Overview.
Correlating performance counters to diagnose problems
SQL Server Profiler also supports auditing the actions performed on instances of SQL Server. Audits record security-related actions for later review by a security administrator.
Contains information about the typical scenarios where you can use SQL Server Profiler.
Contains information about starting SQL Server Profiler from the Start menu, from SQL Server Management Studio, and from Database Engine Tuning Advisor.
Contains information about keyboard shortcuts you can use for SQL Server Profiler.
Contains information about how much space that SQL Server Profiler needs in the temp directory to provide tracing services. | <urn:uuid:3619f798-7df4-42c2-9db9-f4e627de0d1f> | 2013-05-23T19:07:44Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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“An Atascadero woman has sued the county and Sheriff Pat Hedges, claiming a raid last year that led to the closure of a Morro Bay marijuana dispensary violated her constitutional right to medicinal cannabis. The case filed June 20 by Elaine McKellips, 56, illustrates an ongoing legal battle between conflicting state and federal laws surrounding medical marijuana use. In her lawsuit, McKellips alleges that Hedges: ?violated the state constitutional right of her and others to medical marijuana;
? illegally raided the Central Coast Compassionate Caregivers marijuana dispensary on March 29 using a federal search warrant instead of a state search warrant; ? violated confidentiality laws by seizing medical records; and ? inflicted emotional distress on her and other patients when denying them access to medical marijuana.
McKellips is asking for an unlimited amount in compensation and an investigation by the county to determine if the sheriff spent taxpayer dollars appropriately during the probe of the dispensary and whether the sheriff violated his duty to uphold state laws, according to the complaint.” | <urn:uuid:b2875b64-d002-41b0-9b5d-ddc6795dc522> | 2013-05-23T18:37:57Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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In various threads I made statements that Paul's gospel is in contrast to the Gospel of Jesus Christ and his 12 Apostles.
I also stated that Paul could not be an apostle as per the requirements for an apostle as given by Jesus himself.
Further, I said that Paul's teachings were rejected by the early church (pre 300AD), for around 300AD the Roman Catholic church was established from which most western churches descended, including Protestantism. Only when the Roman Catholic Church was established, Paul's letters were included in the Bible as "Scripture".
I also stated that Paul's teachings are not accepted as Scripture by the Eastern Orthodox churches. These churches are direct descendants of the apostolic churches in Jerusalem (i.e. the "Mother church") and Asia Minor (7 churches of Revelation) which were established by the 12 apostles long before the Roman Catholic Church.
I assume that we all are searching for the Truth, and nothing but the Truth, and based on this I present the most common contradictions between Paul's gospel and that of Jesus Christ and his 12 Apostles.
This is my attempt to provide proof from the Bible of the abovementioned statements:
Part 1 - The Mosaic Law (Law of Commandments)
Many Christians today believe we are not under the Law of Commandments anymore but we operate in a period of Grace. Paul even said that this also apply to Jewish Christians.
Point 1: Paul says the "new covenant" abolished the Law of Commandments:
14For he himself is our peace, who has made the two one and has destroyed the barrier, the dividing wall of hostility, 15by abolishing in his flesh the law with its commandments and regulations. His purpose was to create in himself one new man out of the two, thus making peace, 16and in this one body to reconcile both of them to God through the cross, by which he put to death their hostility. (Eph 2:14-16)
Knowing that a man is not justified by the works of the law, but by the faith of Jesus Christ, even we have believed in Jesus Christ, that we might be justified by the faith of Christ, and not by the works of the law: for by the works of the law shall no flesh be justified. (Galatians 2:16)
Romans 3:28 ("man is justified by faith apart from observing the law").
Romans 4:5 ("To the man who does not work, but trusts God who justifies the wicked, his faith is credited as righteousness").
Gal. 5:4 ("You who are trying to be justified by law have been alienated from Christ; you have fallen away from grace").
Romans 7:6 ("Now, by dying to what once bound us, we have been released from the law, so that we serve in a new way of the Spirit, and not in the old way of the written code").
Ephesians 2:8-9 ("For it is by grace that you have been saved, through faith, this not from yourselves, it is the gift of God, not by works, so that no one can boast.")
Point 2: What do the Prophets say about the Law and its relation to the new covenant?
Jeremiah on the New Covenant and relation to the Law:
31 "The time is coming," declares the LORD,
"when I will make a new covenant
with the house of Israel
and with the house of Judah.
32 It will not be like the covenant
I made with their forefathers
when I took them by the hand
to lead them out of Egypt,
because they broke my covenant,
though I was a husband to [a] them, "
declares the LORD.
33 "This is the covenant I will make with the house of Israel
after that time," declares the LORD.
"I will put my law in their minds
and write it on their hearts.
I will be their God,
and they will be my people. Jeremiah 31:31-34 (NIV)
This promise of a New Covenant toward the seed of Israel further in Jeremiah 31:35-37 is itself based upon the promise of God that "these ordinances" of the Law shall be "everlasting for all generations."
21In the tabernacle of the congregation without the vail, which is before the testimony, Aaron and his sons shall order it from evening to morning before the LORD: it shall be a statute for ever unto their generations on the behalf of the children of Israel. Exodus 27:21 (King James Version)
3Without the vail of the testimony, in the tabernacle of the congregation, shall Aaron order it from the evening unto the morning before the LORD continually: it shall be a statute for ever in your generations. Leviticus 24:3 (King James Version)
Also see Ex 7:21; 30:21; Lev. 6:18; 7:36; 10:9; 17:7; 23:14, 21, 41; Num. 10:8; 15:15.)
Thus, for at least as long as humans have offspring, i.e., generations, the Law remains valid. We know this period will be at least until heaven and earth pass away. This is because on the Last Day when all are resurrected (Rev. 20:13-15) appears "a new heaven and a new earth." (Rev.21:1.)
Isaiah on the New Covenant and relation to the Law:
1Behold my servant, whom I uphold; mine elect, in whom my soul delighteth; I have put my spirit upon him: he shall bring forth judgment to the Gentiles.
In verse 1 Isaiah talks about God's servant, His elect (Messiah) and in verse 21 he says what the sevant (Messiah) will do with the Law:
21The LORD is well pleased for his righteousness' sake; he will magnify the law, and make it honourable. (Isaiah 42:1 and 21)
Point 3: What does JESUS himself say regarding the Law and the new covenant he is bringing?
Jesus told the rich young man that if you would "enter life," obey the Ten Commandments:
The Rich Young Man
16Now a man came up to Jesus and asked, "Teacher, what good thing must I do to get eternal life?"
17"Why do you ask me about what is good?" Jesus replied. "There is only One who is good. If you want to enter life, obey the commandments."
18"Which ones?" the man inquired.
Jesus replied, " 'Do not murder, do not commit adultery, do not steal, do not give false testimony, 19honor your father and mother,'[a] and 'love your neighbor as yourself.'"
20"All these I have kept," the young man said. "What do I still lack?"
21Jesus answered, "If you want to be perfect, go, sell your possessions and give to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven. Then come, follow me."
22When the young man heard this, he went away sad, because he had great wealth.
23Then Jesus said to his disciples, "I tell you the truth, it is hard for a rich man to enter the kingdom of heaven. 24Again I tell you, it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter the kingdom of God."
25When the disciples heard this, they were greatly astonished and asked, "Who then can be saved?"
26Jesus looked at them and said, "With man this is impossible, but with God all things are possible." (Matthew19:16-26; Mark 10:17-31; Luke 18:18-26.)
25And, behold, a certain lawyer stood up, and tempted him, saying, Master, what shall I do to inherit eternal life?
26He said unto him, What is written in the law? how readest thou?
27And he answering said, Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy strength, and with all thy mind; and thy neighbour as thyself.
28And he said unto him, Thou hast answered right: this do, and thou shalt live. (Luke10:25-28)
If you violate the commandments, Jesus required severe repentance from such sin to avoid being sent to hell:
8If your hand or your foot causes you to sin, cut it off and throw it away. It is better for you to enter life maimed or crippled than to have two hands or two feet and be thrown into eternal fire. (Matthew 18:8, Matthew 5:29, and Mark 9:42-48.)
Point 4: JESUS says that he has come to fulfill the Law, not to abolish, replace or diminish it:
The Fulfillment of the Law
17"Do not think that I have come to abolish the Law or the Prophets; I have not come to abolish them but to fulfill them. Matthew 5:17 (NIV)
Further, JESUS says:
49But this people who knoweth not the law are cursed. (John 7:49)
Point 5: Paul says that the "letter of the Law kills"
Paul insisted that the Law given Moses was a "ministration of death engraven on stones" because the "letter of the law kills," which now has "been done away" and "is abolished;" henceforth, instead, in the Lord we have "liberty."
2 Corinthians 3:6-17 (New International Version)
6He has made us competent as ministers of a new covenant—not of the letter but of the Spirit; for the letter kills, but the Spirit gives life.
The Glory of the New Covenant
7Now if the ministry that brought death, which was engraved in letters on stone, came with glory, so that the Israelites could not look steadily at the face of Moses because of its glory, fading though it was, 8will not the ministry of the Spirit be even more glorious? 9If the ministry that condemns men is glorious, how much more glorious is the ministry that brings righteousness! 10For what was glorious has no glory now in comparison with the surpassing glory. 11And if what was fading away came with glory, how much greater is the glory of that which lasts!
12Therefore, since we have such a hope, we are very bold. 13We are not like Moses, who would put a veil over his face to keep the Israelites from gazing at it while the radiance was fading away. 14But their minds were made dull, for to this day the same veil remains when the old covenant is read. It has not been removed, because only in Christ is it taken away. 15Even to this day when Moses is read, a veil covers their hearts. 16But whenever anyone turns to the Lord, the veil is taken away. 17Now the Lord is the Spirit, and where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is freedom.
Point 6: What does JESUS say about the "letter of the Law"?
18I tell you the truth, until heaven and earth disappear, not the smallest letter, not the least stroke of a pen, will by any means disappear from the Law until everything is accomplished. Matthew 5:18 (NIV)
...more to follow...
Paul says the law was not given by God, but by angels, therefore we need not obey the Law.
(Galatians 3:17; 3:19-29, Gal. 4:8-9)
Jesus warns of false prophets coming in his name, one who says he is a Christian, has sign and wonders, and
preaches Christ, but he will be a "negator of the Law of Moses." (workers of "anomia") | <urn:uuid:9ad8178e-c34a-4d31-906c-4cffde22da3a> | 2013-05-23T18:45:37Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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DUNEDIN, Fla. -- While the competition for the No. 5 spot in the Rays' rotation continues, at least one of the competitors isn't wrapped up in the idea of battling others for the spot.
"I'm constantly battling for a spot," said right-hander Chris Archer, who allowed just one hit in three scoreless innings Friday against the Blue Jays. "That's battling for a spot against me. Each day I can get better than I was yesterday. Really, it's cliche, but that's what I try to do."
Several years ago it's likely all four of the competitors for the fifth spot would have been in the Rays' rotation. Now just one from the group of Archer, Jeff Niemann, Roberto Hernandez and Jake Odorizzi will be in the rotation.
"It is a little frustrating," Archer said. "But from the way the Rays have done things, it proves that they know what they're doing. They know everybody is completely ready to get there and stay. So I'd rather be able to get there and stay instead of going up and down, up and down. I mean, if they need me to do that, obviously I wouldn't mind going up and down, up and down.
"But one day I'm going to have a solidified spot in the rotation and the young guys in A ball and Double-A, they're going to be in my position. I'm going to have my spot because I've waited for my turn, basically. So I'm going to be patient and it can be frustrating if you let it be. But it doesn't frustrate me because I know eventually I'll be that guy with a spot and somebody else will have to be patient."
Baserunning focus on decision-making, not steals
DUNEDIN, Fla. -- Rays manager Joe Maddon was asked how he thought the overall baserunning of his team would look this season and he offered to "go around the horn" in the following response:
"James Loney, good baserunner, not exceptionally fast. Kelly Johnson, can be a plus. He's a very good baserunner and can steal bases. [Yunel] Escobar, also, given the right moment. He's your classic situational guy, if you give him more opportunities, I think he's going to take advantage of that. [Evan Longoria], with his legs, let's see how that works out. Outfield-wise, Desmond [Jennings] is [above average], [Ben] Zobrist, I think he'll have a better year than he had last year. [Sam Fuld is] good."
Maddon noted that the Rays aren't necessarily looking for stolen bases out of this year's team.
"Just the ability to make good decisions, the ability to go first to third and second to home," Maddon said. "We've been working on that already. I think sometimes people equate good baserunning with the number of stolen bases and we like that, but for us it's making sure we run the bases well."
As for the overall speed of this year's team, Maddon noted that the team has "lost some fast guys" including B.J. Upton, who stole 31 bases last season.
"Speed-wise [we] may have taken a little bit of a hit," Maddon said. "It's going to be hard for us to accumulate the same number of stolen bases I think. But we can still steal some bases. And the big thing is that we run the bases properly."
Maddon and company like to preach aggressiveness on the basepaths, particularly to the new players.
"Yes, they've heard it a lot already," Maddon said.
Maddon sees AL East as 'wide open' this year
DUNEDIN, Fla. -- Rays manager Joe Maddon didn't hesitate to offer his comments when asked to handicap the American League East for the coming season.
The Rays manager began by noting: "It's wide open."
"Everybody's denigrating the Yankees for their age over experience," Maddon said. "Then you talk about the Red Sox and what happened last year. I expect them both to be very good this year."
Maddon then looked over at the opposing dugout in Dunedin and spoke about Toronto after its massive offseason overhaul.
"What the Blue Jays have done is very exciting for Toronto," Maddon said. "Part of it for them is how quickly they can get it together as a group. And if they do, they could be very dangerous. Baltimore showed what they could do last year. Baltimore started playing on another mental level last year. That's why they got so tough. And I think we're as good as we've ever been. So I think things can be very interesting."
When a reporter commented that the Orioles showed everyone that anything is possible with what they accomplished in 2012, Maddon smiled and responded: "I think we showed that in 2008."
"That's been rather contagious the last several years," Maddon said. "Baltimore, I really appreciate what they do and how they do it. They come to play. [Buck Showalter has] done a great job there. It's a different mindset among their players. They don't quit. ... They just don't quit and I expect the same thing."
Maddon agreed that picking a winner in the division would be difficult.
"Injuries will play a role in it at some point," Maddon said. "But I think it's going to be, who knows, but I think we'll all be good."
Bill Chastain is a reporter for MLB.com. This story was not subject to the approval of Major League Baseball or its clubs. | <urn:uuid:5fcb95f7-e3b1-4858-b402-b1d82f84ed43> | 2013-05-23T18:38:33Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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- Дигар роҳҳоимаврди истифода Вашингтон Ҳавзаи Колумбия,
Шаблон:Иёлоти Мутаҳида Washington is a state in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The state is named after George Washington, the first President of the United States. As of the 2000 census, the state population was approximately 5.9 million and the state work force numbered about 3.1 million. Residents are called "Washingtonians" (emphasis on the third syllable, pronounced as tone).
It should not be confused with Washington, D.C., the nation's capital city. To avoid confusion, the city is often called simply D.C. and the state is often called Washington state.
Washington is bounded by the Pacific Ocean to the west; Oregon to the south (the Columbia River forming most of this border); Idaho to the east and British Columbia, Canada to the north. It is famous for scenery of breathtaking beauty and sharp contrasts. High mountains rise above evergreen forests and sparkling coastal waters. Its coastal location and Puget Sound harbors give it a leading role in trade with Alaska, Canada, and the Pacific Rim. Puget Sound's many islands are served by the largest ferry fleet in the United States.
Washington is a land of contrasts. The deep forests of the Olympic Peninsula are among the rainiest places in the world and the only rainforests (such as the Hoh Rain Forest) in the continental United States, but the flat semi-desert that lies east of the Cascade Range stretches for long distances without a single tree. Snow-covered peaks tower above the foothills and lowlands around them. Mount Rainier, the highest mountain in the state, appears to "float" on the horizon southeast of Seattle and Tacoma on clear days. The eastern side of the state can be divided into two regions: the Okanogan Highlands and the Columbia River Basin.
Areas under the management of the National Park Service include:
- Ebey's Landing National Historical Reserve near Coupeville
- Fort Vancouver National Historic Site at Vancouver
- Klondike Gold Rush Seattle Unit National Historical Park in Seattle
- Lake Chelan National Recreation Area near Stehekin
- Lake Roosevelt National Recreation Area along the Columbia River
- Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail
- Mount Rainier National Park
- Nez Perce National Historical Park
- North Cascades National Park near Marblemount
- Olympic National Park at Port Angeles
- Ross Lake National Recreation Area at Newhalem
- San Juan Island National Historical Park in Friday Harbor
- Whitman Mission National Historic Site at Walla Walla
Geographical features [вироиш]
- Puget Sound
- San Juan Islands
- Columbia River
- Snake River
- Yakima River
- Cascade Range
- Olympic Mountains
Шаблон:Details Prior to the arrival of explorers from Europe, this region of the Pacific Coast had many established tribes of Native Americans, each with its own unique culture. Today, they are most notable for their totem poles and their ornately carved canoes and masks. Prominent among their industries were salmon fishing and whale hunting. In the east, nomadic tribes traveled the land and missionaries such as the Whitmans settled there.
The first European record of a landing on the Washington coast was by Spanish Captain Don Bruno de Heceta in 1775, on board the Santiago, part of a two-ship flotilla with the Sonora. They claimed all the coastal lands up to the Russian possessions in the north for Spain.
In 1778, British explorer Captain James Cook sighted Cape Flattery, at the entrance to the Strait of Juan de Fuca, but the straits would not be explored until 1789, by Captain Charles W. Barkley. Further explorations of the straits were performed by Spanish explorers Manuel Quimper in 1790 and Francisco de Eliza in 1791, then by British Captain George Vancouver in 1792.
The Spanish Nootka Convention of 1790 opened the northwest territory to explorers and trappers from other nations, most notably Britain and then the United States. Captain Robert Gray (for whom Grays Harbor county is named) then discovered the mouth of the Columbia River. He named the river after his ship, the Columbia. Beginning in 1792, Gray established trade in sea otter pelts. The Lewis and Clark expedition entered the state on October 10, 1805.
In 1819, Spain ceded their original claims to this territory to the United States. This began a period of disputed joint-occupancy by Britain and the U.S. that lasted until June 15, 1846, when Britain ceded their claims to this land with the Treaty of Oregon.
Because of the overland migration along the Oregon Trail, many settlers wandered north to what is now Washington and settled the Puget Sound area. The first settlement was New Market (now known as Tumwater) in 1846. In 1853, Washington Territory was formed from part of Oregon Territory.
Early prominent industries in the state included agriculture and lumber. In eastern Washington, the Yakima Valley became known for its apple orchards, while the growth of wheat using dry-farming techniques became particularly productive. The heavy rainfall to the west of the Cascade Range produced dense forests, and the ports along Puget Sound prospered from the manufacturing and shipping of lumber products, particularly the Douglas fir. Other industries that developed in the state include fishing, salmon canning and mining.
By the turn of the 20th century, Washington was of dangerous repute in the minds of many Americans. Indisputably as "wild" as the rest of the American Old West, the public image of Washington merely replaced cowboys with lumberjacks, and desert with forestland. One city in particular, Aberdeen, had the distinction of being "the roughest town west of the Mississippi" because of excessive gambling, violence, extreme drug use and prostitution (the city itself changed very little over the years and remained off-limits to military personnel well into the early 1980s).
For a long period, Tacoma was noted for its large smelters where gold, silver, copper and lead ores were treated. Seattle was the primary port for trade with Alaska and the rest of the country, and for a time it possessed a large ship-building industry. The region around eastern Puget Sound developed heavy industry during the period including World War I and World War II, and the Boeing company became an established icon in the area.
During the Great Depression, a series of hydroelectric dams were constructed along the Columbia river as part of a project to increase the production of electricity. This culminated in 1941 with the completion of the Grand Coulee Dam, the largest dam in the United States.
During World War II, the Puget Sound area became a focus for war industries, with the Boeing Company producing many of the nation's heavy bombers and ports in Seattle, Bremerton, and Tacoma were available for the manufacture of warships. Seattle was the point of departure for many soldiers in the Pacific, a number of which were quartered at Golden Gardens Park. In eastern Washington, the Hanford Works atomic energy plant was opened in 1943 and played a major role in the construction of the nation's atomic bombs.
On May 18, 1980, following a period of heavy tremors and eruptions, the northeast face of Mount St. Helens exploded outward, destroying a large part of the top of the volcano. This eruption flattened the forests, killed 57 people, flooded the Columbia River and its tributaries with ash and mud, and blanketed large parts of Washington in ash, making day look like night.
According to the U.S. Census as of 2005, Washington has an estimated population of 6,287,759, which is an increase of 80,713, or 1.3%, from the prior year and an increase of 393,619, or 6.7%, since the year 2000. This includes a natural increase since the last census of 180,160 people (that is 418,055 births minus 237,895 deaths) and an increase from net migration of 215,216 people into the state. Immigration from outside the United States resulted in a net increase of 134,242 people, and migration within the country produced a net increase of 80,974 people.
As of 2004, Washington's population included 631,500 foreign-born (10.3% of the state population), and an estimated 100,000 illegal aliens (1.6% of state population).
Race and ancestry [вироиш]
The racial/ethnic makeup of the state:
- 77.0% White, not of Hispanic ancestry
- 8.0% Hispanic of any race
- 6.3% Asian
- 4.0% Two or more races
- 3.0% Black
- 1.6% Native American
There are many migrant Mexican farm workers living in the southeast-central part of the state. Wahkiakum County, as well as most counties in the state, has many residents of Scandinavian origin. Washington has the fifth largest Asian population of any state, with Chinese and Fillipino being the largest groups.
6.7% of Washington's population was reported as under 5, 25.7% under 18, and 11.2% were 65 or older. Females made up approximately 50.2% of the population.
The religious affiliations of Washington's population are:
- Christian – 66%
- Other Religions – 2%
- Non-Religious – 27%
As with many other Western states, the percentage of Washington's population identifying themselves as "non-religious" is higher than the national average. The percentage of non-religious people in Washington is the highest of any state.
The 2004 total gross state product for Washington was $262 billion, placing it 14th in the nation. The per capita income was $33,332. Significant business within the state include the design and manufacture of jet aircraft (Boeing), computer software development (Microsoft, Amazon.com, Nintendo of America), electronics, biotechnology, aluminum production, lumber and wood products, mining, and tourism. The state has significant amounts of hydroelectric power generation. Significant amounts of trade with Asia pass through the ports of the Puget Sound. See list of United States companies by state.
The state of Washington is one of only seven states that does not levy a personal income tax. Neither does the state collect a corporate income tax. However, Washington businesses are responsible for various other state levies. Washington's state sales tax is 7.9 percent, and it applies to services as well as products. Most foods are exempt from sales tax; however, prepared foods, dietary supplements and soft drinks remain taxable. The combined state and local retail sales tax rates increase the taxes paid by consumers, depending on the variable local sales tax rates, generally between 8 and 9 percent. An excise tax applies to certain select products such as gasoline, cigarettes, and alcoholic beverages. Property tax was the first tax levied in the state of Washington and its collection accounts for about 30 percent of Washington's total state and local revenue. It continues to be the most important revenue source for public schools, fire protection, library, park and recreation, and other special purpose districts.
All real and personal property is subject to tax unless specifically exempted by law. Personal property also is taxed, although most personal property owned by individuals is exempt. Personal property tax applies to personal property used when conducting business or to other personal property not exempt by law. All property taxes are paid to the county treasurer's office where the property is located. Washington does not impose a tax on intangible assets such as bank accounts, stocks or bonds. Neither does the state assess any tax on retirement income earned and received from another state. Washington does not collect inheritance taxes; however, the estate tax is decoupled from the federal estate tax laws, and therefore the state imposes its own estate tax.
For 2003, the total value of Washington's agricultural products was $5.79 billion, the 11th highest in the country. The total value of its crops was $3.8 billion, the 7th highest. The total value of its livestock and specialty products was $1.5 billion, the 26th highest.
In 2004, Washington ranked first in the nation in production of red raspberries (90.0% of total U.S. production), wrinkled seed peas (80.6%), hops (75.0%), spearmint oil (73.6%), apples (58.1%), sweet cherries (47.3%), pears (42.6%), peppermint oil (40.3%), Concord grapes (39.3%), carrots for processing (36.8%), and Niagara grapes (31.6%). Washington also ranked second in the nation in production of lentils, fall potatoes, dry edible peas, apricots, grapes (all varieties taken together), asparagus (over a third of the nation's production), sweet corn for processing, and green peas for processing; third in tart cherries, prunes and plums, and dry summer onions; fourth in barley and trout; and fifth in wheat, cranberries, and strawberries.
Washington has an extensive system of state highways, called State Routes, as well as the third-largest ferry system in the world. There are 140 public airfields in Washington, including 16 state airports owned by the Washington State Department of Transportation. Boeing Field in Seattle is the busiest airport by numbers of planes in the world. The unique geography of Washington presents exceptional transportation needs.
There are extensive waterways in the midst of Washington's largest cites, including Seattle, Bellevue, Tacoma and Olympia. The state highways incorporate an extensive network of bridges and the largest ferry system in the United States to serve transpiration needs in the Puget Sound area. Washington's marine highway constitutes a fleet of twenty-eight ferries that navigate Puget Sound and its inland waterways to 20 different ports of call. Washington is home for the five longest floating bridges in the world: the Evergreen Point Floating Bridge, Lacey V. Murrow Memorial Bridge and Homer M. Hadley Bridge over Lake Washington, and the Hood Canal Bridge connecting the Olympic and Kitsap Peninsulas.
The Cascade Mountain Range also provides unique transportation challenges. Washington operates and maintains 7 major mountain passes and 8 minor passes. During winter months these passes are plowed, sanded, and kept safe with avalanche control. Not all are able to stay open through the winter. The North Cascades Highway on State Route 20 closes every year. Because of the extraordinary amount of snowfall and frequency of avalanches the highway is not safe in the winter months.
Law and government [вироиш]
Washington has 49 Legislative Districts, and elects one senator and two house members from each district. The majority party is the Democratic Party. Washington state senators and representatives are elected for four year and two year terms, respectively. There are no term limits.
The Washington Supreme Court is the highest court in the judiciary of the state of Washington. Nine justices serve on the bench, and are elected at large.
The U.S. Congress [вироиш]
Washington representatives in the United States House of Representatives are Jay Inslee (D-1), Richard Ray (Rick) Larsen (D-2), Brian Baird (D-3), Richard Norman "Doc" Hastings (R-4), Cathy McMorris (R-5), Norm Dicks (D-6), Jim McDermott (D-7), David Reichert (R-8), and Adam Smith (D-9).
State elected officials [вироиш]
- Christine Gregoire, Governor (D)
- Brad Owen, Lieutenant Governor (D)
- Sam Reed, Secretary of State (R)
- Rob McKenna, Attorney General (R)
- Mike Murphy, Treasurer (D)
- Brian Sonntag, Auditor (D)
- Terry Bergeson, Superintendent of Public Instruction (non partisan office)
- Doug Sutherland,Commissioner of Public Lands (R)
- Mike Kreidler, Insurance Commissioner (D)
- Washington Legislature
- Currently the Democratic Party is in control of both the House and the Senate.
The state has been thought of as politically divided by the Cascade Mountains, with Western Washington being liberal (particularly greater Seattle) and Eastern Washington being conservative. Since the population is larger in the west, the Democrats usually fare better statewide. Washington has voted for the Democratic candidate in presidential elections recently in 1988, 1992, 1996, 2000 and 2004. It was considered a key swing state in 1968 and 2000. In 1968, it was the only Western state to give its electoral votes to Hubert Humphrey.
While the Democratic Party has long dominated Washington, the 2004 Washington gubernatorial election was among the closest races in United States election history. The initial count as well as the first recount, conducted by machine, both showed Dino Rossi, the Republican candidate, winning the election. A second recount was done by hand, overturning the initial results when it resulted in a lead for Christine Gregoire, the Democratic candidate, of 129 votes, or 0.0045% of those cast. As this second recount was the last allowed for by Washington election law, Gregoire was inaugurated on 12 January 2005. The subsequent court battles raged for months after the election, but ultimately ended with Gregoire retaining her office. The final official count left Gregoire ahead by 133 votes.
Washington has the distinction for being the first and so far only state to elect women to all three major statewide offices (state governor and two U.S. Senate seats) at the same time.
On January 30, 2006 Governor Christine Gregoire signed into law legislation making Washington the 17th state in the nation to protect gay and lesbian people from discrimination in housing, lending, and employment, and the 7th state in the nation to offer these protections to transgendered people. Initiative activist Tim Eyman filed a referendum that same day, seeking to put the issue before the state's voters. Despite a push from conservative churches across the state to gather signatures on what were dubbed "Referendum Sundays," Eyman was only able to gather 105,103 signatures, more than 7,000 signatures short of the minimum. As a result, the law went into effect on June 7, 2006.
See also List of Washington Governors
Important cities and towns [вироиш]
- Spokane Valley
- Federal Way
Colleges and universities [вироиш]
- Central Washington University
- Eastern Washington University
- The Evergreen State College
- University of Washington
- Washington State University
- Western Washington University
Community colleges [вироиш]
Professional sports teams [вироиш]
Miscellaneous topics [вироиш]
State symbols [вироиш]
See also [вироиш]
- Washington state congressional delegates
- Capital punishment in Washington
- List of hospitals in Washington
- List of Washington state prisons
- List of Washington state forests
- List of radio stations in Washington
- List of television stations in Washington
- List of Washington county name etymologies
- List of colleges and universities in Washington
- List of school districts in Washington
- List of ZIP Codes in Washington
- List of high schools in Washington
- List of U.S. Wilderness Areas in Washington
- The Washington Medal of Merit
- Scouting in Washington
- Washington State Park System
- Music of Washington
- List of people from Washington
- List of United States companies by state
Political activism [вироиш] | <urn:uuid:3db128bd-a624-444e-920a-5dba6b11c2ef> | 2013-05-23T19:05:21Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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JERUSALEM (AP) -- Israel's Justice Ministry filed its indictment against former Foreign Minister Avigdor Lieberman in a Jerusalem court on Sunday, charging him with breach of trust and fraud in a case that could further harm his political career.
Lieberman is accused of trying to advance the career of a former diplomat after the envoy relayed information to him about a criminal investigation into the former Cabinet minister's business dealings.
On Dec. 13, the Justice Ministry released a draft indictment to both Lieberman and the press. On Sunday, an amended version of that draft was filed in the Jerusalem Magistrates Court after prosecutors received testimony suggesting he was more deeply involved than previously thought in trying to promote the diplomat.
The actual charges remained unchanged.
Lieberman, who denies any wrongdoing, resigned his Cabinet post earlier this month after he was informed of the pending charges, though he remains a member of parliament. He did not appear in court on Sunday and had no comment on the indictment.
The diplomat he tried to promote, former ambassador to Belarus Zeev Ben-Aryeh, reached a plea bargain with the state in the case earlier this year.
The indictment did not address the main suspicions against Lieberman that were the focus of a years-long investigation. Attorney General Yehuda Weinstein ultimately decided that prosecutors did not have a strong enough case to charge Lieberman with illicitly receiving millions of dollars from businessmen and laundering the cash through straw companies in eastern Europe.
While he was charged with lesser offenses, Lieberman's political future could be compromised if the court that hears the case decides to convict him of a crime that carries what is known in Israeli law as "moral turpitude." Lawmakers convicted of such crimes must resign immediately from parliament, then are barred from re-entering politics for seven years.
Lieberman's Yisrael Beiteinu party is running on a joint list with Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's Likud in the Jan. 22 election, and he is expected to be re-elected to parliament. Political commentators had viewed the hookup as grooming him to become a future prime minister. Lieberman takes a hard line on concessions to the Palestinians and perceives Israel's large Arab minority as a threat to the Jewish state.
In other political news, Israel's Supreme Court unanimously rejected an election committee's attempt to disqualify an Arab lawmaker from running for parliament again next month because she took part in a flotilla that tried to breach Israel's naval blockade of the Hamas-run Gaza Strip.
The lawmaker, Hanin Zoabi, enraged many Israelis in 2010 by joining the Turkish-led Mavi Marmara flotilla, which was stormed by Israeli naval commandos who clashed with pro-Palestinian activists, killing nine. The Israeli military says the soldiers acted in self-defense after being attacked on the deck.
Zoabi was nearly assaulted in parliament by another lawmaker and subsequently was stripped of some of her parliamentary privileges.
Earlier this month, an Israeli elections committee voted to disqualify her from running in next month's election. She appealed that decision to the Supreme Court, which overturned it, as it has rejected the committee's attempts in previous years to bar other Arab candidates from running.
"I welcome the ruling," Zoabi said. "I hope this ruling will put an end to the political witchhunt."
Lawmaker Danny Danon, who collected thousands of signatures demanding that Zoabi's candidacy be disqualified, accused the court of "backing the Marmara terrorist rather than naval commando fighters."
The court said in its ruling that it would release its reason for overturning the decision at a later date. Under Israel's election law, the court had to issue its ruling by Sunday. | <urn:uuid:7ad5614c-57e2-4758-8eee-6904f4a20d88> | 2013-05-23T19:05:27Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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My grandmother was a simple woman and she lived just as simply. When I was young, I stayed with her and she gave me the happiest days of my life. When I grew older and no longer lived with her, we started a goodbye routine which took place every single time I left her house. We would wave till we were out of each other's sight. This routine continued throughout the years, even when I became an adult. Even when grandma became weak, she would still make an effort to get to the gate with assistance to wave me. Then one day, she simply could not find the strength to do so and thigns happened so quickly thereafter.
From yesterday on, we no longer have to wave each other or say goodbye at all. She'll always see me from where she is, up above.
Till we meet again, grandma.
All my love, | <urn:uuid:319d3def-daf2-4ca5-ba6a-f7bf63512961> | 2013-05-23T19:05:20Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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New London — Josephine Pollio, at just about 5 feet tall, may have been diminutive, but when she wanted something, those around her knew it wasn't a request.
When the 87-year-old died Jan. 30, among her final wishes was a horse-drawn carriage ride on Pequot Avenue on a pleasant day. She requested that her blue casket, which she picked out more than 15 years ago, be pulled by a white horse and that snacks be provided for the horse.
Except for the weather, all of her wishes were granted.
"My mother is smiling down on us,'' her daughter Anna Culbertson said Tuesday from atop the carriage that held her mother's casket. "Mother had this planned out to the last nut and bolt.''
Gus, a Percheron draft horse, pulled the carriage along Pequot Avenue Tuesday morning, slowing traffic a bit and turning the heads of pedestrians.
Although the weather was cold and spitting snow, Culbertson said her mother would have been pleased.
"She would have been extremely impressed,'' she said. "She got what she wanted. I'm sure she's up there saying, 'Way to go.'"
Pollio, who for nearly 50 years lived on Huntington Street, enlisted the Byles-MacDougall Funeral Service and paid for the arrangements 16 years ago.
"She was a very lovely lady and very proper,'' Reid Burdick of Byles-MacDougall said. "She told us if it was possible, she wanted one last ride up and down Pequot Avenue."
Burdick helped make the arrangements, calling on Jim Cherenzia of Hopkinton, R.I., for the horse and carriage. Burdick also brought along organic carrots for Gus.
"She was as sweet and nice and as normal as anyone else,'' said Burdick, who met with Pollio a few times over the years to discuss the arrangements. "I think it's cool that 16 years later, we can still do what she wanted.''
Culbertson said her mother was a "determined person" who did not let her limited formal schooling deter her from a life of learning.
"My mother was always trying to better herself and educate herself in any way she could,'' she said.
Pollio grew up on Fowler Court, leaving Harbor School to work in a factory. She worked at the former Winthrop Bank on State Street, as a hat check girl at the El 'N Gee Club in New London and as a seamstress.
Culbertson said her mother always admired the house on Huntington, which was a doctor's office while she was growing up. Visiting the doctor's office as a youngster, she said that she wanted to buy the house some day and live there.
Nearly 50 years ago, while her mother was on lunch break from work, she saw furniture being moved out of the house. She went to several banks to get enough money for the deposit and bought the house.
"She was smart, not college smart. She was like, street smart,'' Culbertson said. "She was the matriarch of the family, and everyone came to her for advice."
A wake is scheduled for 3 to 5 p.m. today at the funeral home, and a Mass of Christian Burial will be celebrated at 10 a.m. Thursday at St. Mary Star of the Sea Church.
"She liked the water. It always soothed her,'' said Culbertson, who took care of her mother during the past four years. "Maybe it was something she always wanted to do. She never explained why."
The carriage ride was a simple affair. No one other than Culbertson and her husband David were on hand.
"I feel it went very wonderfully,'' Culbertson said afterward. "She planned it all out. I told her I would see it get done." | <urn:uuid:0d6f056b-b4b9-4e06-a3a8-ed8ead8a5e61> | 2013-05-23T19:00:24Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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The Office of the Chief Medical Examiner said today that Michael Dugas, who was shot and killed by Norwich police after pointing a gun at them, died of multiple gunshot wounds.
The medical examiner ruled his death a homicide — a ruling that means one person killed another and does not attempt to explain intent.
Norwich police said they were called to the neighborhood park in the area of Laurel Hill Avenue and Center Street at 7:18 p.m. Sunday for a report of a man with a gun.
When officers arrived at the scene, they found 52-year-old Dugas, who told them he had a gun. Dugas was despondent and refused to follow officers’ commands, police said.
Police said they attempted to communicate with him for an unspecified period of time. Dugas suddenly drew a handgun from his pocket and pointed it at them, police said.
Police said they were forced to defend themselves and shoot.
Seven police officers were placed on administrative leave while state police investigate the shooting.
State police said part of the investigation would include how many shots were fired and who discharged their weapons. | <urn:uuid:fec1732b-1cb6-4cd5-8d33-dfb1d7e777c3> | 2013-05-23T19:00:25Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Development | News
Updated Oracle Enterprise Pack for Eclipse Aimed at Java Jocks
Oracle has released an update of its Enterprise Pack for Eclipse 11g, extending its support to more Fusion Middleware components, for the latest Eclipse 3.6 "Helios" release and for Java Platform Enterprise Edition (Java EE) tools.
The Enterprise Pack for Eclipse is a component of Oracle's Fusion Middleware platform, which is essentially a family of application infrastructure products. The Enterprise Pack itself is a set of free Eclipse-based plugins designed to allow developers to build Java EE and Web Services apps for Fusion Middleware. Oracle calls Eclipse "the preferred" IDE for the platform.
Helios support in the new version of the Enterprise Pack allows developers to use new Java EE 6 tools, including JSF 2.0, which simplifies project configuration and supports XHTML editing, facelets and composite component development; the Java Persistence API 2.0 (JPA), which manages persistence and object-relational mapping for Java EE and Java SE environments; the EJB 3.1 specification; and the Servlet 3.0 spec.
This release also provides the first set of tools for Oracle Coherence. Coherence is an in-memory distributed data grid solution for clustered applications and application servers. The new tool set is designed to allow Eclipse users to develop, run and debug against it. The new tools include Oracle Coherence launch configurations to streamline debugging and deployment to Coherence from within Eclipse; the Coherence project facet, which enables project and library configuration; and the Coherence override descriptor editor with wizards, validation and integrated help for the Coherence Override configuration file.
The new Enterprise Pack also supports Glassfish, the open source Java EE app server, the stewardship of which came Oracle's acquisition of Sun Microsystems. The Oracle GlassFish Server Tools are designed to enable server configuration, deployment and debugging for Eclipse projects.
This update also adds a number of WebLogic Scripting Tool (WLST) features, including a full Jython/Python IDE based on PyDev. The IDE gives users full syntax highlighting, validation and code completion for WLST scripts. Definition and reuse of WLST templates is also supported, as is Oracle's WebLogic MBean Explorer, which visualizes the server MBean tree for easy drag and drop to the WLST script. Oracle has integrated the WLST console in this release, providing script execution and debugging tools from within Eclipse in both online and offline modes.
"Obviously most of the people using the tools that Oracle provides are using the Oracle stack," said Michael Coté, industry analyst at RedMonk. "It's not as though general Java developers who aren't developing for Oracle would be using those tools. But over the years Oracle has gobbled up a number of proprietary developer communities -- Siebel, PeopleSoft, BEA and now Sun. So they really have to make sure that there's good tooling available for those communities."
More information about this release is available on the Oracle Web site here. | <urn:uuid:cf8e53f4-1a73-4e70-a399-02c30c470ec3> | 2013-05-23T18:44:34Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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[International peacekeeping force agreed to in MOU signed by Livni and Rice not good enough. World must grant Zionist forces authority to carry-out "Operation Cast Lead"--times ten-- to erase Palestinian right to self-defense.]
By HERB KEINONThe international guarantees Israel is seeking to ensure that a future Palestinian state remains demilitarized does not mean the introduction of foreign forces, Binyamin Netanyahu told the cabinet at its Sunday meeting.
Expanding on his speech last week at Bar-Ilanwhich he said international guarantees were necessary to make sure a future Palestinian state would be demilitarized, Netanyahu said rather that Jerusalem wanted international acceptance of the principle that Israel could take the actions it thought necessary to ensure the future state’s demilitarization.
“We need effective measures to ensure demilitarization,” Netanyahu said. “The existing ones in Lebanon and Gaza are not effective.”
Netanyahu said that Israel wanted international recognition for the idea of a demilitarized state to avoid a situation wherein Israel would withdraw from territory that was to be demilitarized, the Palestinians would violate that agreement and then Israel would be blamed for going back into the Palestinian territories to destroy weapons. | <urn:uuid:ec3d15a9-9920-41ab-8fb5-0383dbcf4943> | 2013-05-23T18:38:16Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Modern Wallace Medium Weight Tartan. In the 12th century Richard Wallace obtained lands at Riccarton, Ayrshire, and his son, Henry, later acquired lands in Renfrewshire. From Henry descended Sir Malcolm Wallace of Elderslie who was the father of Sir William Wallace, the Scottish Patriot. The Wallaces refused to do homage to Edward I of England and Sir William, who led a band of patriots, harried the English, and his constant raids on their fortresses made them hate and fear him. His bravery and leadership inspired others to support his struggle for Scottish independence. He was betrayed to the English and taken to London, where he was executed in 1305. | <urn:uuid:0f96be6f-9b70-4da3-b8c0-6cc4ba630908> | 2013-05-23T18:58:55Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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I was born to a Shape shifter mother who died while giving birth do me and a vampire father. My father cared for me until I was about a month old then decided that I was to much trouble as I am half vampire half shapeshifter.
I lived on my own in the forest my father left me in, hunting animals for food and blood. I am still on my own but I dont mind. Sometimes it takes me a while to trust someoen so its not likely I would rush into anything. I would talk to anyway but most likely not start the conversation. Also I tend to be shy about my species as I never think anyone would want to spend time with a shapeshifter vampire
Name Tayla Preston
Nicknames:Tay,Taytay Lala and Evibbles
Species Half Vampire Half Shapeshifter
Personality shy can strange crazy once you get to know her
Abilities she can control plants and shift into any animal
relationship status Single
Extra Tayla is an only child and has been alone for many years. Her shapeshifter mother died giving birth to her and her vampire father abandoned her shortly after. | <urn:uuid:ca56b962-20dc-473b-bff7-d2859e05abfc> | 2013-05-23T18:53:26Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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"Can you really tell that early?" I asked, trying to see the screen better. I saw what he was looking at, but from my (admittedly imperfect) memory of embryology from medial school, I thought that at 12 weeks gestation the unmentionables were simply classified generically as a "genital tubercle," with no real differentiation between male and female, blah blah blah something Wolffian and Mullerian ducts, blah blah. (I never said I didn't remember the words, I just don't remember what they mean or are.) Anyway, the OB said that was basically right, but sometimes one can get an indication one way or the other from the angle of the genital tubercle, uh, protuberance--and in his own, anecdotal, completely not scientifically rigid experience, he has a track record of being able to call the gender from the 12 week ultrasound about 90% of the time.
At the 16 week ultrasound this last week, he looked around a bit, looked at my chart, and asked, "What did I say it was going to be the last time?"
"You said it looked like a boy."
"Huh." He angled the probe this way, then that. (Thing 3 was angled weirdly, legs all criss-cross applesauce). "Well, I think I may have...hmmm. It looks like...huh. I think I was wrong. I think it looks like a girl. See that mound here?"
(I did not see the mound.)
"Usually this mound here means...oh wait. Here's a better picture. I think...I think I was right the first time. I think it's a boy. Usually I can get a better picture than this, though, at 16 weeks...Usually it's like, KABOOM, you know?"
"Kaboom," I echoed, obligingly.
"Huh. I wish I could see better. But I think it's a boy. Let's say 99% sure it's a boy. But I'll save that last 1% for next time, when we do the anatomy scan." And then I forced him to look at the head and heart and the diaphragm and the guts to make sure they were all properly septated and in their proper areas (it's a little early to do the full anatomy scan, but major anatomical badness we could probably see, though thankfully nothing ominous presented itself at this point).
So, we are left with several possibilities.
1.) It's a boy, a fact that will become KABOOM, in your face (ew) obvious once the testes actually descend from their Spring Training Camp in the peritoneum. (Yes, now is an appropriate time to scream the word "GUBERNACULUM,"--I for one have been waiting for years to use that word in its correct context, as opposed to just, you know, saying it randomly just because it sounds awesome.)
2.) It's a girl (unlikely, I think, which is probably good, because we were already expecting a boy and when Target had a huge sale a few weeks ago I got a bunch of boy-flavored onesies, for like, a dollar. When Cal was first born I was determined to find only gender neutral clothing, because, like, gender role stereotyping is bad! See also: votes for women, step in time! But soon I realized that outside of a very limited selection of green-or-yellow newborn items, no one makes gender neutral kids clothing; everything is either, like, a screaming pink onesie with scalloped neckline and rhinestones spelling out "DADDY'S LITTLE PRINCESS" or a hyper-blue onesie reading "MOMMY'S FAVORITE QUARTERBACK," embroidered with, like, a football and a rifle or something. Anyway, my point being, it's probably not a girl--a fact that might disappoint some but for me and Joe, at least, was admittedly something of a relief.)
3.) The final option, which crossed my mind, and which I will sum up with the following story. Back when I was a Peds resident, we used to write notes or call consults in this little glass-walled closet known as the Resident Work Room (the term "room" was generous--for those who similarly trained at Babies Hospital, as we were known at the time, this was back when we were still working primarily out of the old hospital building, which looked like a sanatorium and still reeked faintly of cholera and The Black Humours). Anyway, sometimes we would stick things on the walls of the resident work room--mostly they were boring things, like schedules and reminders, but sometimes there were funny things, like notes or dictations gone awry. One such dictation was from an abdominal and pelvic CT of an infant (maybe it was a plain film), and either the radiologist had a very heavy accent or the transcriptionist was tired that day. The final line of the dictation was highlighted in yellow, and read, "DIAGNOSIS: UMBIGUNOUS GENITARIA."
Anyway, Thing 3 looks good. And it's looking with increasing certainty like we're going to be living in a live-action version of Alvin and the Chipmunks. (To be clear: Cal is Simon, Mack is Alvin. Joe and I, of course, play the role of Dave Seville on alternating nights, please check your programs for last-minute substitutions.)
* * *
Usually it wouldn't have taken me that long to write the above entry, but this morning I was peeling some ginger (I am attempting an experimental new recipe for Asian-esque short ribs--if it turns out well I will post the recipe here, otherwise let's never speak of it again) when the vegetable peeler slipped and instead of taking the skin off the ginger, took the skin and 1/4th of the nail off my left index finger. Look, usually I'm more careful in the kitchen, but ginger! It's so bumpy!
Anyway, the good news is that it didn't ever hurt that much (strange how little it hurt, actually, juxtaposed against how disgusting it looked) and it's on my non-dominant hand. However, the bad news is that my left hand is also my laryngoscopy hand, so I guess I'll be intubating next week with one finger sticking out, like I'm a dainty madame or something. | <urn:uuid:caade76d-e6bc-4e38-bdaf-4aeba39d74d1> | 2013-05-23T19:00:49Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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London's gruesome attack and the rising threat of lone-wolf terrorism
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The Keystone XL pipeline: Would a catastrophic oil spill be inevitable? | <urn:uuid:0119328f-d6a2-4e3b-8c14-bdb4a7a40ab1> | 2013-05-23T18:51:53Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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By Dr. Paul O’Reilly
Note: Dr. O’Reilly is a tutor at Thomas Aquinas College as well the vice president for development. The following text is the transcript of a lecture he presented on August 26, 2011, as part of the the St. Vincent de Paul Lecture and Concert Series , endowed by Barbara and Paul Henkels.
It might seem strange that I should stand in front of you this evening to speak about Catholic liberal education. It could be especially odd because I intend to consider whether there can be such a thing as Catholic liberal education. Why should that be an issue for us? Is it not obvious that there is such a thing as Catholic liberal education? Surely Thomas Aquinas College gives testimony to its existence. Our founding document, the Blue Book, is entitled A Proposal for the Fulfillment of Catholic Liberal Education . Just why would I waste your time asking about the possibility of something that so obviously exists?
Now I take it as obvious that there can be Catholic carpenters and plumbers, there can be Catholic tennis players and golfers, and there can be Catholic poets and teachers. However, let us consider what it means to say that this man is a Catholic plumber, or that this woman is a Catholic tennis player. Surely we must mean that the plumber happens to be Catholic, or maybe better, the Catholic happens to be a plumber, and it is coincidental that the Catholic woman is a tennis player. There is not a particularly Catholic way of installing a sink. The plumber could install it well or badly, but how would he install it in a Catholic way? The Catholic is called to be honest and forthright, but that does not mean it is inappropriate for the Catholic tennis player to use the backhand during a game. Isn’t it clear that the relationship between plumbing and Catholicism, or tennis and the Catholic faith, is coincidental? You might prefer to play tennis with a Catholic, but that is, perhaps, because of the conscientious behavior displayed on the court.
If we consider the parts of liberal education, especially the liberal arts themselves (the quadrivium: geometry, arithmetic, music and astronomy; and the trivium: grammar, logic, and rhetoric) does it really seem to be the case that if we add Catholic to any one of the parts the nature of the discipline changes? That is, is there a Catholic geometry? Is there a peculiar geometrical truth that could be called Catholic? Or is there a particularly Catholic way of proving some geometrical proposition? As with the example of the plumber, isn’t it the case that Catholicism does not make geometry into a different kind of activity? The term “Catholic geometrician” names someone who just happens to be both a Catholic and a geometer. It is not like the case of “rational” when added to animal. “Rational animal” names a specific kind of animal, one that is not a brute. So “rational” does not just describe an animal that happens to be rational, “rational animal” actually defines a different kind of animal. But “Catholic geometer” does not seem to do the same, for there is no kind of geometry that is particularly Catholic.
What we have just said about Geometry also applies to Arithmetic, and Astronomy, to grammar and logic, and the remaining liberal arts. The basic point so far is that if the parts of liberal education are not called Catholic properly, then how could the whole, composed of these parts, be called Catholic in any other way than an education that happens to be acquired by Catholics?
However it should be pointed out that a liberal education is not just the education in the liberal arts. Liberal education is the education that is sought for its own sake, and so it is suitable for the free man. As a consequence, this education is primarily speculative, that is, it is sought because it is good to know, and not because of some practical purpose. Liberal education, then, would include philosophy and theology, in addition to the liberal arts. Surely philosophy and theology can be specifically Catholic. And if they are Catholic then a Catholic liberal education could simply be an education informed by philosophy and theology, both of which have a Catholic character.
This point has merit. There is a considerable difference between geometry, for example, and philosophy. Geometry is about points, lines, figures, and magnitudes generally. These kinds of objects are not specifically Catholic, so is it a surprise that that there is not a properly Catholic geometry? Philosophy, on the other hand, considers the nature of man, the universe, and all sorts of things that have direct bearing on the Catholic faith. The philosopher might well consider whether there is evidence that God exists; he might wonder what constitutes freedom of the will. He should consider if it is the case that matter is the most fundamental cause of things, or think about whether the soul survives death. These issues directly pertain to the faith also. So if philosophy considers these matters correctly, wouldn’t it be appropriate to call such philosophy Catholic?
Now the knowledge proper to the philosopher begins with the evidence that he derives from experience and common considerations, not from the teachings of the Church. If the philosopher does not begin his thinking according to the lights of human reason, can he really be said to proceed philosophically? Are not the claims of faith, however meritorious they are, out of place in a rational and open pursuit of knowledge? Maybe Catholicism could be a kind of extrinsic guide, but does it make sense to speak about Catholic philosophy as if it was a particular kind of thinking?
I would like to add to this point by considering a text from John Paul II’s encyclical Fides et Ratio. In particular, I want to concentrate on the common English translation of this encyclical. Here is the passage:
The Church has no philosophy of her own nor does she canonize any one particular philosophy in preference to others. The underlying reason for this reluctance is that, even when it engages theology, philosophy must remain faithful to its own principles and methods. (FR #49)
Later John Paul II goes on to say: “philosophy must obey its own rules and be based upon its own principles” (FR #79). One last text from the same encyclical: the designation “Christian Philosophy …in no way intends to suggest that there is an official philosophy of the Church, since the faith as such is not a philosophy” (FR 376). So it seems pretty clear that to the extent that natural reason is to respect its own principles and methods, philosophy cannot be specifically Catholic. In short, faith begins in belief, whereas philosophy proceeds from natural evidence. No doubt Catholicism would enlighten the kind of life the philosopher should live; it might also encourage him to pursue certain questions, and sustain him in times of difficulty, but it does not appear to be appropriate to call philosophy Catholic. If this is the case, then the fact that a liberal education includes philosophy is not sufficient to call that education properly Catholic.
Maybe it is obvious that theology, one part of a truly liberal education, would be defined by Catholicism. Perhaps one could argue that theology is the most important part of a liberal education. It studies the most important object — God Himself — and perhaps the other parts of a liberal education are insignificant before the knowledge of the divine majesty. Here we might find a reason for calling all of a liberal education Catholic if theology is included as one of its parts. After all if the most important part of something has a certain character, then the whole can be described by that characteristic. Much like you might call a man odd if he displays odd behavior. His hands and feet may not be odd, but you call the whole man odd because a significant part of him is odd. Is this why we could call a liberal education Catholic, because its most significant part, theology, is Catholic?
Not so fast. Consider how we study and discuss theology at Thomas Aquinas College. Does it make a difference if a student is Catholic or Protestant, Jewish, or a non-believer? In Freshman theology students are encouraged to consider the evidence in the text of Scripture itself, not to bring in the Catechism. And in sophomore theology doesn’t the class depend on the argument that St. Augustine makes, and the evidence he provides, not what this or that student believes? Finally, in junior and senior theology, what is most remarkable is how argumentative, that is, how rational St. Thomas’ procedure is. As long as one concedes the principles that, no doubt, St. Thomas believes, any student can follow the argument. So even if in itself theology is properly Catholic, one can grasp the argument of the theologian without sharing his belief.
So, the conclusion of all we have said so far is that Catholic liberal education does not appear to be one kind of thing. It seems to be more like our previous example of a Catholic plumber — a man who just happens to be Catholic is also a plumber. So is this how we are to understand Catholic liberal education: the education that people who happen to be Catholic take part in?
What if this is the case, what if all that can be said is that Catholic liberal education is an education that Catholics take part in, or one in which there are additional Catholic elements, the sacraments and Catholic practices, and that’s all there is to it? Well if Catholicism is only incidentally related to the educational program, then it is not essential to the program. On that account it may be nice to have, but it makes no more of a difference to the educational program itself than does the food service. It is crucial, then, for us to determine just what makes a liberal education properly Catholic.
To begin, let me note, and briefly defend, two presuppositions, or principles of education. The first presupposition is about the whole of education, the second is about the parts of an education. 1) Education has as its end a knowledge of the truth. Now that does not mean a full and precise knowledge of the truth, but if there is no reference to truth at all in the education one receives it is not an education properly speaking. 2) The second presupposition, very closely related to the first, is that without an integrated program of studies, that is, if the parts of the program of studies do not form a coherent whole, an education will fall short of its principal aim of attaining the truth.
The first supposition I will briefly defend by considering the alternative. That is, what if education is not about the truth? Quite frankly, this is the view at most colleges and universities. In those institutions a student will come to class to hear what his professor thinks about some matter, or he will read and write about his opinions about a particular issue, but to what end? In general, the position that seems to predominate is that education is either to learn what people think about this or that subject, or that education is designed to prepare the student to find a job. The mind is not raised to something higher, some unchanging truth which perfects reason just by being known.
If one gives up the search for truth, one abandons the effort to understand the way things are. Without some serious resolution one will become a humanist, not an educated man. That is, if you are content simply to appreciate different positions, you might be fun to talk to at a cocktail party, but you will not know anything. You would be familiar with who thinks what, but you would be unable to make judgments about the way things are.
The second supposition that I will consider is, as I said, concerning the parts of an education and it is closely related to the previous supposition. If a student studies many disciplines without integration, that is, if he thinks about science apart from theology, or mathematics independently of philosophy, he will not have a unified view about what is. He could easily tend to a kind of skepticism, because whatever he knows in natural science is not brought to bear upon his understanding of ethics, for example. Or what is understood as a theological doctrine, would not be thought of as a guide to thinking rightly in some other discipline. Without an effort to resolve these differences, the mind is left on its own to wander according to its own inclinations and guesses. This is a problem for us at the College as well as for other academic institutions.
In our own curriculum we study the great books throughout the program. In these books there is more disagreement than agreement. And the disagreements are often about first principles, and notions so basic, that it is impossible that the authors be reconciled except in the vaguest of ways. In fact, often an attempt to reconcile these contrary positions would do violence to the views of the authors themselves. So how should we deal with the basic disagreements that we find in our own program?
In the face of contrary positions, and basic disagreements, the mind will be at sea. There are at least three ways to react to fundamental disagreements among the wise. 1) A good approach to the conflicting positions found in the great books is to realize that if the wise have disagreements, the matter must be difficult to know. That realization should prompt you to try harder to see where the truth is. 2) These contrary positions could cause you to despair of any genuine intellectual advance, so you become either a skeptic, or uninterested in the examined life. 3) Perhaps the worst reaction to the differing positions that have been considered over the centuries is to make the positions themselves the object of study. In that case, the search is no longer for the truth; instead the object of study becomes the opinions of men.
It should be granted, then, that an education properly so called must have as its end to come to know what is true. And since there are many disciplines and many great minds studied in any educational program, there must be some order and resolution in the curriculum if the truth is to be received. Now the principal way that the truth is to be made known is by an unfailing guide. That is one way in which Catholic liberal education is education in the strictest sense.
Cardinal Newman makes this point succinctly in the beginning of the book: The Idea of a University. He points out that a university is a place to seek universal knowledge, and that “it cannot fulfill its object duly … without the Church’s assistance … the Church is necessary for its integrity” (p.xxxvii, 1966 edition). Pope John Paul II quotes this same remark of Cardinal Newman in his Apostolic Constitution Ex Corde Ecclesiae. The Holy Father then adds: “It is the office (officium) of the Catholic University to devote itself, without condition, to the cause of truth.” He goes on to say that: “the Catholic University bears itself (inclines) towards every truth according as they are joined to the Supreme Truth, that is to God” (Ex Corde Ecclesiae, #4).
So these preliminary remarks suggest a strategy for the rest of this lecture. If we are to understand how a liberal education can be Catholic, we should first consider the end of education, that is truth, and then treat how the parts of truth are integrated.
The words “true” or “truth” can be used in a number of different ways. Perhaps the most common use of the term is when we say something such as: “I think what you say is true.” Or, “what you say is the truth.” In this sense of the word, a claim has been made, in the form of a sentence, and one judges that what that sentence expresses conforms to the way things are. The thought expressed in the sentence, then, is true. Also, a building can be described as being “true” to the architect’s original vision. This sense of “true” does not appear to refer to a statement. Another sense of the word “true” is found when we speak of someone as a “true” friend, or a “true” patriot. This use of the word “true” also does not seem to refer to the truth of a statement.
Aristotle, speaking about the first and most obvious sense of true, says that “falsity and truth are not in things …but in though” (Metaphysics, VI, ch. 4, 1027b26). He goes on to make a qualification. Not everything that is in the mind would be called truth: “with regard to simple concepts and ‘whats’ falsity and truth do not exist even in thought.” If I think about what a dog is, for example, to the extent that I am just doing that, I have yet to attain to the notion of truth. If I say, or think, “dog,” I have yet to make a claim about it. “Dog: true or false?” That is an absurd question. So we begin by noting two things: 1) the true, in the first sense of the word, is not in things but it is in the mind; 2) and the true is in the mind when some judgment is made, and normally that judgment is expressed in a sentence. This, according to our own experience of knowing, is the most obvious sense of truth.
A third thing follows from what I have just said. Although the true is in the mind, it is not the mind that principally causes the truth. If I make the statement that a centaur is a long-lived animal, that statement is false, for there is no such thing as a centaur. So although, in the most common use of the word “truth,” the truth is found in the mind and not in things, it is the reality of a thing that causes truth. Another way of putting this is that a thing’s being is a cause of any true statement made about it. A statement is not true just because I make it; man is not the measure of things. No, a statement is only true if what is said corresponds to some reality, some existing thing. As St. Thomas puts it: “…the being of a thing is the cause of the true estimation (or judgment) which the mind has about something. For the true and the false are not in things, but in the mind…” (In Metaphysicorum, II, l.2, #298). From what we have just said, we can understand the traditional account of the true as a conformity, or adequation, of the mind to things. As St. Thomas puts it: “A thing is not called true except according as it is adequated (or conformed) to an intellect, whence secondarily (per posterius) the true is found in things, primarily (per prius) however it is found in the intellect” (De Veritate, 1, a.2).
Note, however, what St. Thomas says here: although the true, in the primary sense, is found in the mind, a thing can be said to be true in a secondary sense if that thing conforms to an intellect. I think what this means is that if one considers the intellect one can see that it can know things simply for their own sake; that is, one can have a kind of speculative knowledge, but also the intellect thinks about things that can be made. The architect obviously thinks about the design of a house. When that house is built, presuming it is built according to his plan, then the house can be said to conform to what he had in mind. The house then can be called true, because it conforms to what the architect had in his mind.
A brief qualification about what I have just claimed: I do not intend to say that the practical intellect is the only measure of the things that it produces. So when it is claimed that the true is in the mind first, it does not mean that the human mind is the sole or primary measure of the truth. A thing can be called true to the intention of the maker and still be called false in another sense. Counterfeit money is still not true currency even though it conforms to the mind of the counterfeiter. Much like the way “faux” pearls are called false because they have a tendency to make you think they are something they are not, that is, they are false pearls because one could easily think they are real ones. This suggests to me that there are more senses of the word “true” than the two that I have outlined, but I am going to limit my consideration to these two senses. So in addition to the primary sense of truth, there is this secondary sense that, as long as what is in the mind is some art or perfection, then there will be found in the mind of the maker a cause of the truth of the thing produced. Having made this qualification , I want to concentrate on the way man’s mind is related to things in the two basic ways I have pointed out, and this gives rise to two fundamental meanings of “truth.”
Now there is a significant difference in the way that a thing is related to the speculative intellect and how something relates to the practical intellect. The practical intellect, or more particularly, the art in the mind of the architect, for example, is a measure of what it produces. That is, the musical piece, to take another example, is said to be true according as it conforms to the musical principles the composer has in mind. The speculative intellect is said to have the truth according as it conforms itself to things. That is, the true judgment is one which has its basis in the way things are. So, we can see that practical thinking measures, or determines, the thing that is produced; whereas things are what measure or determine the true judgment of speculative thinking. For the practical intellect, the art in the mind of the composer, for example, causes the thing that it produces, and so the product is called true since the effect corresponds to the cause. But the speculative intellect only attains truth if its knowledge is caused by things, that is, the mind receives things as they are, not as it wants them to be, or imagines them, or has been accustomed to think of them.
St. Thomas gives a nice summary of the relation of the human intellect to things:
The knowledge of the human intellect is in some way caused by things: hence what follows is that knowable things are the measure of human knowledge, since the intellect judges [what is] true by bearing on things, and not the converse [that is, not by the intellect determining things] (S.C.G. I, 62, #512)
So the human mind, to the extent that it attains or receives the truth, is determined or measured by things. When the human mind is a principle of something made, then that thing can be called true according as it conforms to the maker’s intention. Here is how St. Thomas puts it:
[A]mong created things truth is found in things and in the mind (intellectu) … in the mind according as the understanding that it has conforms (adaequatur) to things; in things [truth is found] according as they imitate the divine intellect, which is their measure, as art is the measure of all artifacts.
The comparison between the artist and the Creator is worth noting. The artifact that the artist produces is determined by the art that he has in his mind, his mind is not conformed to it, since it is what is in his mind that has given rise to his product. The mind of God is not measured, not determined, not caused by things. Rather, the divine intellect determines things in a way like the art in the mind of the architect or composer determines the building or musical piece. Earlier we noted that the building designed by the architect can be called true since it conforms to the plan that he had in mind. Similarly, every natural thing conforms to the ideas in the mind of God. St. Thomas puts it this way:
The divine intellect by its own knowledge is the cause of things. Hence it is necessary that His science is the measure of things: as art is the measure of artifacts. (SCG, I, 61, #512)
A consequence of this is that truth would not be caused in the mind of God by the things He has produced, but the converse, that those things would be said not only to be, but to be true, according as they conform to the divine intellect.
St. Thomas summarizes quite nicely the main distinctions I have been trying to make.
The very notion of truth implies a conformity of a thing to an intellect. However the intellect is compared to things in a twofold way: as the measure of existing things, [that is] the intellect which causes things; another intellect is measured by things, [that is] the intellect whose knowledge is caused by things. Therefore there is not truth in the divine intellect because it is conformed (adequated) to things, but because things are conformed to the divine intellect. (Commentary on St. John, L.18, l. 11)
The Gospel of St. John allows us to speak more fully on this matter. For in that Gospel the creation of heaven and earth is described in such a way as to make clear that all things owe their existence to God, that is, they exist and are the kind of things they are, because God said “let them be.”
In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. He was in the beginning with God; all things were made through Him, and without Him was nothing made that was made.
All things were made through the Word. The Word is the expression of the Father. He is what proceeds from the Father, as a concept from the Father. God’s act of creation is described as due to the Father bringing forth His Word, and that Word is that through which all things are made. As a consequence the being of all things is due to the divine intellect. Clearly the truth in the divine intellect is not due to things, but all things are and are true because of the mind of God.
Furthermore, since the divine intellect produces its concept or Word, by which all things are made, that Word can be called the truth. For, as we have previously argued, the first meaning of truth is what is brought forth by the mind in conformity to what it thinks about. Since the Word is brought forth by the Father, and is in perfect conformity to the Father, the Word is appropriately called the Truth.
St. Thomas puts it this way:
And so it is that the uncreated truth of the divine intellect is appropriated to the Son, who is the conception itself of the divine intellect and the Word of God. For truth follows a conception of the intellect. (Commentary on St. John, L.18, l. 11)
Earlier in the Commentary on the Gospel of St. John, St Thomas says:
Truth belongs properly (per se) to Him (Christ) because He is the Word. For truth is nothing other than the conformity of a thing to the intellect, and this comes about when the intellect conceives a thing as it is. Therefore, the truth of our intellect belongs to our word, which is its conception. But although our word is true, it is not truth itself, since it is not through itself, but it is conformed to the thing conceived. Now the truth of the divine intellect belongs to the Word of God. But because the Word of God is true of itself, since it is not measured by things, but things are true insofar as they come near to a likeness of Him, and so it is that the Word of God is truth itself. And because no one can know the truth unless he adheres to the truth, it is necessary that everyone who desires to know the truth adhere to this Word. ( In John, L. 14, lec.2)
Here we have a fundamental distinction. “The Word of God is true of itself, since it is not measured by things.” So unlike the human mind which comes to the truth by conforming itself to things, God contains all truth because things conform to Him. So how are we to reach the fullness of truth? By knowing God.
A consequence of what we have said is that since God possesses the whole of truth, and every other truth depends on Him and points to Him. He alone is the teacher without qualification. As St. Thomas explains, God is first and properly a teacher because He has doctrine from Himself. (Just as God is first and properly a father because He is the begetter of another in virtue of Himself, whereas all other fathers are so called because of the existence and power that they have received from God.) Any lesser truth directs the mind to the fullness of truths and, therefore, the knowledge of all truths is not fully had until they are seen in their relation to the source of truth.
When Jesus speaks about the truth He identifies it with Himself, and he indicates that it is what makes us free. Knowing the truth, which is found in God essentially, and the Word personally, is what makes us free. And since the end of a liberal education is to know the truth, which enables one to live the life of a free man, it follows that the fullness of liberal education is found in a program of studies under the inspiration of the church Christ established while He was on earth to guard His truth. That is, a Catholic liberal education is the fullness, or perfection, of a liberal education. It is not merely an education for Catholics, nor an education with Catholic customs and practices added on. No, a Catholic liberal education is the perfection of an education ordered towards the truth. It is Catholic through and through, in its principles, methods, and ends; and Catholicism affects all the parts of such an education however humble they are.
John Paul II indicates as much in Ex Corde Ecclesiae:
[A] Catholic university is completely dedicated to the research of all aspects of truth in their essential connection with the supreme Truth, who is God. It does this without fear but rather with enthusiasm, dedicating itself to every path of knowledge, aware of being preceded by Him who is “the Way, the Truth, and the Life.”
Let us return then to some of the difficulties raised at the beginning of this lecture.
The phrase “Catholic liberal education” is not like “Catholic plumber” for in the case of the plumber it makes no essential difference to his activity that he is Catholic. This is not the case with a Catholic liberal education. Catholicism makes all the difference in such an education, for it orders that education from beginning to end. It defines the kind of education it is, and it perfects all the natural parts of the program of studies by ordering them to the supreme Truth. Mr. Mark Berquist, one of the founders of Thomas Aquinas College, says much more precisely what I am trying to get at.
When one finds a Catholic school with a Great Books curriculum, one is inclined to suppose that Catholic belief is incidental to its educational program, and that (at most) it modifies but does not determine that program... Catholicism, it seems, makes a difference, but not an educational difference….[Not so.] The intellectual tradition of the Catholic Church orders the study of all such truth about reality — a truth of which it speaks with confidence, from the word of God it receives in faith. (“Catholic Education and the Great Books”)
The parts of a Catholic liberal education are not equally, nor all obviously, Catholic in the way that theology is Catholic. Theology is Catholic because it proceeds from principles that are divinely revealed and that are handed down to us by the Church. The other parts of a Catholic liberal education are more or less informed by these principles, or are more or less helpful in making known the meaning of Catholic doctrine, and they are more or less intimately ordered to theology. Catholic theology is most fully and perfectly a Catholic discipline, philosophy is less so, and still less the other disciplines, until one arrives at disciplines only slightly under the light of Catholic learning, such as geometry.
This point should not be surprising. If one considers living things, for example, it is the higher animals that are more fully and more obviously alive. It is more difficult to see the life in the lowest forms of animals and plants. Or, to take another example, it is quite evident that human beings act for a purpose, but it is harder to see that purposeful activity in some other animals, and still more difficult to see this purpose in the activity of some plants and in the inanimate world. So too the higher disciplines are more obviously Catholic because they have some bearing, directly or indirectly, on Catholic doctrine, or they help to elucidate Catholic teaching and ends. This is much less evident in, say, the mathematical disciplines. This point Mr. Berquist made in the passage I just quoted. He said: “the intellectual tradition of the Catholic Church … orders the study of all truth about reality — a truth of which it speaks with confidence, from the word of God it receives in faith.”
The following example might be helpful. The use of the word “Catholic” in the phrase “Catholic liberal education” is like the use of “Catholic” when we speak of “Catholic marriage.” It is obvious that “Catholic tennis player” simply names a Catholic who happens to play tennis. Catholic marriage, on the other hand, does not just mean the marriage between Catholics. For Catholicism makes a real difference to the marriage itself. God is the author of marriage, and He has ordered marriage towards Catholic ends. As Pope Leo XIII puts it: “By the command of Christ, [marriage] looks not only to the propagation of the human race, but to the bringing forth of children for the Church” (Arcanum Divinae Sapientiae, #10). So the natural end of marriage is perfected by this spiritual end, and because the natural end is ordered to and perfected by the spiritual end, the relation between marriage and Catholicism is not by chance. As Leo XIII explains, “…there abides in [marriage] something holy and religious; not extraneous, but innate; not derived from men, but implanted by nature” (#19). Catholic marriage, then, is not simply the marriage between Catholics, but an institution ordered to the ends of the Faith. Hence, it is the perfection of marriage. So, too, Catholic Liberal Education is not just an education with Catholic trappings, no, the very education is essentially Catholic.
It does not seem to me to be good enough to say that the parts of a Catholic education are called Catholic because of something extrinsic or because of something accidental to them. I think it is better to say, even in the hardest cases such as geometry and the other mathematical disciplines, that they acquire a Catholic character insofar as they are parts of a Catholic education. Of course, it would be strange to say that geometry is Catholic in the way theology is. No geometrical argument begins with principles held by faith. But insofar as any part of a Catholic liberal education is ordered to knowing the fullness of truth, then, that part, even if it is geometry, has a Catholic character as a lesser truth ordered to the fullness of truth. That is, geometrical truth is ordered to the truth about God as the natural end of marriage is ordered to, and perfected in, the spiritual end of Catholic marriage. I know that is still vague, but I will leave it at that until someone pushes me to say more during the discussion period.
How is there a Catholic philosophy?
In one sense of the word there is only one philosophy. As Aristotle puts it, “it is right also that philosophy should be called knowledge of the truth, for the end of theoretical knowledge is truth” (Metaphysics, II, ch. 1, 993b19). With this meaning of the word “philosophy,” there would not be many philosophies, because there is either truth or falsehood. So it would not be necessary to ask is this philosophy Catholic? For by definition the truth attained by the human mind, the philosophical truths, would not contradict the truth revealed by God through the Church. As Pope Leo XIII puts it in Aeterni Patris:
Those, therefore, who to the study of philosophy unite obedience to the Christian faith are philosophers indeed; for the splendor of the divine truths, received into the mind, helps the understanding, and not only detracts in nowise from its dignity, but adds greatly to its nobility, keenness, and stability. (p.9)
In another sense of the word “philosophy,” any natural effort to know the world around us can be called philosophy and be defined by its principles and methods. In this sense of “philosophy,” there are as many philosophies as there are distinct approaches to understanding the world, that is, distinct principles and methods of inquiry. The philosophy of Descartes would differ then from that of Aristotle. And to the extent that Descartes appears to hold that the soul and body are distinct substances, and he seems to hold a curious view about what substance and accidents are, to that extent Cartesian philosophy would not be a Catholic Philosophy, even though Descartes was a Catholic.
In Fides et Ratio, John Paul II seems to use this sense of the word “philosophy.” He distinguishes philosophies by their principles and methods. However, that still makes the passage I quoted earlier curious: “The Church has no philosophy of her own nor does she canonize any one particular philosophy in preference to others.” How are we to understand this passage in light of centuries of papal teaching extolling the philosophy of St. Thomas? For example, Pope Pius XI:
We consider that Thomas should be called not only the Angelic, but also the common or universal doctor of the Church; for the Church has adopted his philosophy for her own, as innumerable documents of every kind attest. (Studiorum Ducem #11)
The first thing to note about the quotation from Fides et Ratio is that John Paul II refers to a text from Pius XII’s Humani Generis. In that passage Pius XII considers the Church’s relationship to philosophy: “[T]he Church cannot be bound to any philosophical system which exists for a brief period of time…” He then goes on to say that only those things composed from common consent of Catholic Doctors are not based on a weak foundation because they are “supported by principles and notions deduced from a true knowledge of created things.” Clearly Pius XII is warning the faithful about basing their judgments on philosophical fads, among which he includes “idealism” and “existentialism,” for these “systems” incline one to “dogmatic relativism.” It is important to note that John Paul II’s remarks, generally translated as: “the Church has no philosophy of her own nor does she canonize any one particular philosophy in preference to others” is to be understood in terms of the text from Pius XII that he refers us to. A sign of this is that later in the same encyclical he speaks about the “incomparable value of the philosophy of St. Thomas …[and that] the thought of the Angelic Doctor seems …the best way to recover the practice of a philosophy consonant with the demands of faith” (F +R #57).
One last point, if one looks to the Latin text of Fides et Ratio, it becomes clear that the passage I have been quoting is very loosely translated, and, as a result, might give a false impression. As literally as I can put it, the passage should be rendered as follows:
The Church does not hold forth her very own philosophy, nor does she have preference for one to the detriment of others.
What the Holy Father is saying, then, is that the Church urges the faithful to seek for truth wherever it can be found. She is not bound to this or that philosophy, especially not to philosophies that are popular and so could be a fad. The Church does not reject truth found in any particular philosophical school, but she also has a longstanding endorsement of the perennial philosophy found in St. Thomas Aquinas’ teaching. So there is a Catholic philosophy, a philosophy that is a handmaid to the truth revealed by God, and taught by His church. That philosophy is one in the sense that the truth is one, and to the extent that one thinks of philosophies distinguished by their principles and methods it is found principally in the teaching of St. Thomas.
Can one study theology apart from Catholicism?
Recall one of the presuppositions of this lecture: education is ordered to knowing the truth. As a result, if we consider someone who engages the arguments in theology, but who has not accepted the principles of the theological arguments, those principles that must be held by faith, then he has not fully attained the science of theology. No doubt one can become aware of an argument without accepting the principles upon which that argument is based. However without a grasp of the principles one has not been led to a new truth. Instead one has engaged in a logical exercise, something like a hypothetical consideration, without coming to grasp a new truth. Therefore, without accepting the principles of a theological argument, which admittedly are held by faith, one cannot have the science of theology, and so there is no theological education strictly speaking.
Without holding the principles of theology one would be like someone who follows an argument in astronomy but who is ignorant of the geometrical principles upon which the astronomical argument depends. So theology is unique because the truth of its principles is not seen by the human mind, but grasped in the light of faith. Without faith there is no science of theology.
Let me turn briefly to a kind of practical corollary to the thesis of this lecture. As the Psalmist says, “Teach me thy way, O Lord, that I may walk in thy truth” (86:11). If a man wants to grow in the truth not only will he pursue a program of studies that is ordered to the truth, but he will also live a life that is suitable to that pursuit. Jesus has told us that He is the way, the truth, and the life. The order here is noteworthy. Jesus tells us that He is the way before He tells us that He is the truth. That is, He is the path towards the truth, and the truth is what will give us life, not only an examined life, but life everlasting.
In order to receive the truth that we are pursuing, we must follow the path that Jesus points out to us. If He is the way, then we have to imitate Him if we hope to arrive at the truth. Obviously we imitate Him by becoming good. So a life of virtue is the path to the truth. The virtues I am talking about are both virtues proper to the intellectual life, such as docility, studiousness, and perseverance, but also moral virtues such as temperance and patience. All these virtues are on the path towards the truth. So if Jesus is the truth to which all other truths are ordered, then the truth will be found not only in study, but also in a life of virtue, and even more so in a sacramental life that unites us more closely to the one who is Truth, especially in the sacrament of the Eucharist. The Eucharist is Jesus fully present to us, and, as we have argued, He is truth itself. So how will we succeed in this program? It all begins with us on our knees, continues in the classroom and in a life of study, and culminates in the sacraments. That is a truly Catholic, truly liberal education, because it is an ordered whole: a Catholic liberal education.
I would like to conclude by quoting Archbishop José H. Gomez. He addressed the seniors at our last graduation mass in Our Lady of the Most Holy Trinity Chapel with the following words:
Jesus is the Logos, the divine Reason through whom the universe is created. He is the Truth and Wisdom of God. In Him we find not only the unity of knowledge, but we also find the fundamental harmony of faith and reason. | <urn:uuid:2a7ba38f-34f9-452d-bce7-98847c753b9d> | 2013-05-23T18:38:08Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Selected Halachos Related to Parshas Korach
By Rabbi Doniel Neustadt
A discussion of Halachic topics related to the Parsha of the
week. For final rulings, consult your Rav.
THE MITZVAH OF MEZUZAH: THE BASIC OBLIGATION
It is a Biblical obligation for all adults, men and women(1), to affix a
mezuzah to the right post of each doorway of their home. One who fails to do
so transgresses a positive command(2). Although a mezuzah also protects a
home(3) and safeguards the well-being of one's little children(4), this is
by no means the primary reason for the mezuzah. The intention that one must
have when affixing the mezuzah to the doorpost must be "for the sake of the
mitzvah of mezuzah(5)." Indeed, some poskim mention that it is prohibited to
consciously have in mind that the mezuzah is for the purpose of protection.
Such an intention detracts from the essential character of a mitzvah, which
is to fulfill Hashem's will with no other considerations(6).
Many poskim hold that it is Rabbinically prohibited to live in a home which
does not have proper mezuzos, just as it is prohibited to wear a
four-cornered garment without tzitzis(7). These poskim rule that if another
house is available, one must move out of his home as soon as he realizes
that it is lacking proper mezuzos(8). He is permitted to temporarily remain
in his home only if he is unable to obtain a mezuzah immediately, or if he
found out on Shabbos that his home has no mezuzah(9). Other poskim are
somewhat more lenient and do not require the residents to move out if they
have already moved in(10). All agree that the problem must be rectified
immediately. There is absolutely no excuse for delaying the purchase and
placement of a mezuzah for several days or weeks.
One may enter another Jew's home even though there are no mezuzos on his
It is clearly prohibited to nail a mezuzah case to a door-post on Shabbos
and Yom Tov(12). If the mezuzah case was nailed in before Shabbos or Yom Tov
and remains intact, but the mezuzah parchment fell out, some poskim permit
replacing the mezuzah in the case while others prohibit it(13). In any
event, the mezuzah parchment does not become muktzeh and it may be picked up
so that it does not lie on the floor in disgrace(14).
WHEN DOES THE OBLIGATION OF MEZUZAH BEGIN?
Contrary to what is commonly believed, the obligation begins as soon as one
moves into his own home. By the first day or night that a home will be
occupied, or by the first day or night that an addition to a home will be
used, every doorway must have a mezuzah.
[Indeed, many poskim hold that one should not affix a mezuzah before
actually moving into a house(15) (even though he owns it and plans to move
in in the near future), and certainly the blessing should not be recited
until the actual move(16). Other poskim hold that once he has moved his
belongings into the house, the mezuzah may be affixed with a blessing(17).]
It is only when one rents [or borrows] a home from another person [outside
of Eretz Yisrael] that a thirty-day(18) waiting period is allowed until one
becomes obligated to affix a mezuzah(19). The Rishonim argue as to the
reason for this exemption. Rashi(20) explains that until thirty days have
elapsed, one can easily change his mind about the rental; thus the house is
not really "his" until thirty days are over. Tosfos explains that the first
thirty days of residence are considered as "temporary dwelling," and
temporary dwelling does not obligate one to affix a mezuzah.
Based on Rashi's explanation, it follows that when a long-term contract is
signed which legally obligates the renter for an extended period of time,
then the obligation of mezuzah takes effect immediately(21). Moreover, if
upon moving into the house, the renter fixes it up in a manner which shows
that he is planning to remain there for a long while, logic dictates that a
mezuzah be put up and the proper blessing recited. This, indeed, is the view
of some poskim(22), and one may conduct himself in accordance with this
But many poskim advise that although the mezuzah should be affixed
immediately upon moving in, the blessing should not be recited until the
thirty-day period is up(24). At that time, it is proper to remove one
mezuzah, recite the blessing, and return the mezuzah to its proper place. If
it is difficult or bothersome to do so, then the mezuzah need not be
removed; merely touching it is sufficient for the blessing to be
recited(25). [An exception to this is when one rents a bungalow or a summer
home for a short stay. In such a case, the poskim agree that thirty days
should elapse before a mezuzah is affixed(26).]
If the thirty-day period is up on Shabbos or Yom Tov, the mezuzah should be
affixed on erev Shabbos or erev Yom Tov before lighting candles. The
blessing should be recited at that time(27).
1 Y.D. 291:3.
2 Sefer ha-Chinuch 423. See Menachos 44a where it states that two positive
commands are transgressed. See also Teshuvos Binyan Tziyon 7.
3 Tur Y.D. 285 based on Avodah Zarah 11a.
4 Shabbos 32b.
5 Tur Y.D. 285; Aruch ha-Shulchan 285:3.
6 Sdei Chemed (Mem,114) quoting Derech ha-Melech, based on Rambam (Hilchos
Mezuzah 5:4) and Kesef Mishneh, ibid. See also Igros Moshe Y.D. 2:141 who
explains this issue at length.
7 Magen Avraham O.C. 13:8 as explained by Pri Megadim O.C. 38:15; Avnei
Nezer Y.D. 381.
8 It remains unclear if in the opinion of these poskim one needs to move to
a friend's home or to rent a hotel room in order to avoid this prohibition.
9 Pischei Teshuvah Y.D. 285:1 quoting Pri Megadim; Aruch ha-Shulchan Y.D.
285:5; Ben Ish Chai (Ki Savo).
10 See Sdei Chemed (Mem, 115), Kuntres ha-Mezuzah (pg. 6 and pg. 128) and
Tzitz Eliezer 13:53 who quote several poskim who hold that the Rabbis did
not prohibit entering a house that has no mezuzah nor did they require one
to move out of his dwelling when he realizes that there is a problem with
11 Sdei Chemed (Mem, 115) quoting Ruach Chayim.
12 Mishnah Berurah 313:41; 314:8.
13 Sdei Chemed (Mem, 115) quotes both views. See Binyan Shabbos, pg. 27 for
an explanation. Tzitz Eliezer 13:53 rules leniently, while Mezuzas Melachim
286:19 is stringent.
14 Harav Y.S. Elyashiv (quoted in Shalmei Yehudah, pg. 28).
15 See Chovas ha-Dar 9:1.
16 Mishnah Berurah 19:4. This is the proper way; Harav Y.S. Elyashiv (oral
ruling quoted in Avnei Yashfei 2:80).
17 Harav C. Kanievsky (Mezuzos Bei'secha 276:78) quoting the Chazon Ish.
This also seems to be the view of the Aruch ha-Shulchan O.C. 19:2.
18 Moving day, even if it is close to night, is counted as day number 1.
Thus 29 days later, the obligation takes effect.
19 Y.D. 286:22
20 Menachos 44a.
21 Siddur Derech ha-Chayim quoted in Pischei Teshuvah 286:18.
22 Several poskim quoted in Sdei Chemed (Mem, 115) and Chovas ha-Dar, pg.
23 Aruch ha-Shulchan 286:49. See also Chayei Adam 15:22.
24 Pischei Teshuvah 286:18; Nachalas Tzvi; Sdei Chemed (Mem, 115); Igros
Moshe Y.D. 1:179.
25 Igros Moshe, ibid.
26 Igros Moshe, ibid.
27 Kuntres ha-Mezuzah, pg. 82. Another option is to nail the mezuzah case to
the post before Shabbos and insert the mezuzah on Shabbos (Chikrei Leiv Y.D.
128). But, as stated earlier, some poskim do not allow this on Shabbos.
Weekly-Halacha, Copyright © 2002 by Rabbi Neustadt, Dr. Jeffrey Gross and
Project Genesis, Inc.
Rabbi Neustadt is the principal of Yavne
Teachers' College in Cleveland, Ohio. He is also the Magid Shiur of a daily
Mishna Berurah class at Congregation Shomre Shabbos.
The Weekly-Halacha Series is distributed L'zchus Hayeled Doniel Meir ben
Hinda. Weekly sponsorships are available--please send email to the moderator, Dr.
Jeffrey Gross email@example.com.
The series is distributed by the Harbotzas Torah Division of Congregation
Shomre Shabbos, 1801 South Taylor Road, Cleveland Heights, Ohio 44118--HaRav
Yisroel Grumer, Marah D'Asra | <urn:uuid:2bedd790-ee75-4cdd-a615-52bc9c432919> | 2013-05-23T18:51:37Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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The year is 1565. On the island of Malta, 600 Knights of St. John, commanding a force of some 8000 men, prepare to defend their island fortress from attack.
These same Catholic Knights had been driven from their previous stronghold, the Isle of Rhodes, in 1522, by the Ottoman Turks. Under Suleyman the Magnificent, the Moslems were pressing hard across Arabia, Syria, Iraq, into Egypt and northern Africa, and had established a strong foothold on the north coast of the Black Sea, the gateway to all of Europe itself. In 1526, the Hungarians had been defeated at the Battle of Mohacs, and only the Austrian Habsburgs now stood in the way of the Moslem advance. Vienna came under attack in 1529, but the Moslems were unable to take the capital, and their over-extended campaign failed.
Now, the Turks had raised a fleet of 181 ships, carrying some 30,000 soldiers, and Malta was the prize they sought. Their goal was to plunder and sweep all the ships of Christian Europe from the Mediterranean. Then, in control of the sea lanes and trade routes, with their naval and economic power supreme, all of Europe would be set to fall before them.
Our Lord and Our Lady, top left, blessing the Catholic fleet at Lepanto
For more pictures, click here
The Turkish fleet appeared off the coast of Malta, and laid siege to the island. All through the summer of 1565 the contest for Malta raged. In the end, the Knights of St. John (Knights of Malta) were victorious, and the Turks were forced to withdraw in defeat. It did not, however, end the threat from the Ottoman Turks.
In 1566, Pius V ascended to the Chair of St. Peter in Rome. Pius V was a Dominican Monk with a reputation for piety and austerity. A teacher of philosophy and theology for 16 years, unlike some previous Popes, he was a humble man who continued to lead the ascetic life of a simple monk even after becoming Pope.
Pius V was also very serious about defending Christendom against the Ottoman Turks. He knew they were not just going to go away and leave Europe in peace. Vienna and the eastern borders continued to be threatened by Moslem military power and incursions, and the Papal States themselves could soon be at risk. Cyprus came under attack again in 1570. Seeing the increasing danger to Christendom, Pius V called on "The Holy League," consisting of the Papal States, Spain, Genoa, Venice, and the Knights of Malta, to address the Moslem threat.
A Christian naval fleet was assembled under the overall command of Admiral Don John of Austria. Although young (in his twenties), Don John was a capable naval commander. The Spaniards were led by Santa Cruz, the Genoese by Andrea Doria, and the Venetians commanded by Agostin Barbarigo and Sebastian Veniero. The fleet under Don John's command was some 300 ships strong, with over 100 ships and 30,000 men being supplied by Philip II of Spain alone. The Pope personally outfitted and supplied 12 Papal galleys, and provided funding for many of the others as well. The Venetian contingent was around 100 ships, manned in part by additional Spanish soldiers. In the Venetian fleet were six galleasses. Heavier, broader, and much slower than conventional galleys, they were nonetheless technologically advanced - the heavy gun platforms and battleships of their day. All total, over 50,000 men served the fleet as rowers, and another 30,000 were fighting soldiers.
Don Juan of Austria, Chief Commander of the Holy League's fleet, inflicted the largest naval defeat on the Muslims in History
In September of 1571, Don John moved the Catholic fleet east to intercept the Turks at Corfu, but the Turks had already landed, terrorized the population, and then moved on. While anchored off the coast of Cephalonia, news reached Don John that the Christian stronghold at Famagusta on Cyprus had fallen to the Turks, with all prisoners being tortured and then executed by the Moslems.
Don John then pulled up anchor and moved to engage the Turkish fleet in the Gulf of Lepanto, off the southern coast of Greece. The Turkish fleet, some 330 ships strong, under the command of Ali Pasha, had been reinforced by Uluch Ali, the Bey of Algiers, and head of the notorious band of Moslem corsairs (pirates) that had long terrorized Catholic ships in the Mediterranean.
On the night of October 6, with a favorable wind behind him, Ali Pasha moved his fleet westward toward the mouth of the Gulf of Patras to intercept the approaching ships of the Holy League. The clash that was to come would be the largest naval engagement since the Battle of Actium in 30 B.C.
At dawn, on October 7, 1571, the two fleets met. Don Juan split his fleet into three sections: on the left (north), the Venetians under Agostin Barbarigo; on the right (south), Andrea Doria led the Genoese and Papal galleys; in the center, Don John commanded his flagship and galleys. Santa Cruz, with a force of 35 Spanish and Venetian ships, was held in reserve. He ordered his captains not to fire until “close enough to be splattered with Moslem blood.” The iron rams were removed from the Christian ships, as the plan was for boarding and close quarter fighting. Two of the large Venetian galleasses were towed into position in front of each of the three Christian divisions.
Don Juan of Austria in battle, at the bow of the ship, painted by Juan Luna y Novicio
Ali Pasha's fleet approached in a giant crescent formation, and seeing the opposing fleet, he also ordered his fleet split into three divisions. Ali Pasha himself took up the middle position opposite Don John, and charged forward to engage Don John's ships. The Venetian galleasses opened fire, and almost immediately eight Moslem ships were hit and began to sink. The Catholic galleys, their decks filled with soldiers, opened fire with arquebuses (1) and crossbows as the Moslem ships drew alongside. Ali Pasha's men attempted to board the Catholic ships, but the Spanish soldiers were experienced and well disciplined. Attack after attack was beaten back with deadly shots from their crossbows and arquebuses.
Don John ordered the ship of Ali Pasha to be boarded and taken. Two times the boarding attack of the Spanish soldiers was beaten back, but on the third attempt they swarmed over the deck, now awash in blood, and took the ship. Ali Pasha was captured and beheaded on the spot (against the wishes of Don John), and the Battle Flag of the Ottoman Fleet came down off the mainmast. The head of the Turkish admiral was spitted on a long pike and raised on high for all the enemy ships to see. The Turkish attack in the center collapsed, and Don John sent his ships in pursuit of the retreating Turks, and also turned to aid in the battles raging on his flanks.
Fresco of the Lepanto battle plan by Antonio Danti
On the Catholic right, Uluch Ali and his pirates had broken through Doria's lines and managed to capture the flagship of the Knights of St. John. Santa Cruz, seeing what had happened, came up to the rescue, and Uluch Ali was forced to abandon his prize. The Genoese were in a fight for their lives with the remainder of Uluch Ali's ships, but after Don John had broken the enemy fleet in the center, he turned and came to the aid of the Genoese. The Algerian corsairs were finally overcome, and fled for their lives in full retreat.
Admiral Mahomet Sirocco, commanding the Turkish right (on the Catholic left), sailed close to the rocks and shallows on the northern shore of the gulf and was able to outflank Barbarigo's Venetian galleys. Barbarigo's flagship was surrounded by eight enemy galleys, and the Catholic Admiral fell dead from Turkish arrows. His flagship was taken for a time, but aid finally arrived, and Sirocco's flagship galley was sunk. The Turkish admiral was yanked out of the water, and, like Ali Pasha, killed right on the spot.
The engagement lasted, all total, around four to five hours. When it was all over, 8,000 men who had sailed with Don John were dead and another 16,000 wounded. The Turks and Uluch Ali's corsairs had over 25,000 dead, and untold thousands more wounded and captured. Over 12,000 Catholic galley slaves had also been rescued from the Moslems. The Venetian galleasses had taken a heavy toll on the Turkish fleet. It was a major victory for the Holy League and Christendom.
At dawn, on October 7, 1571, as recorded in the Vatican Archives, Pope Pius V, accompanied by a group of the faithful, entered the Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore to pray the Rosary and ask Our Lady to intercede for a Catholic victory. The prayers continued in Rome as the Catholic and Moslem fleets battled far away in the Gulf of Lepanto. Later in the day, the Pope is said to have suddenly interrupted his business with some Cardinals, and looking up, cried out,
Saints Peter, Roch, Justine and Mark ask Our Lady for the Catholic fleet - Paolo Veronese
"A truce to business! Our great task at present is to thank God for the victory which He has just given the Catholic army."
The Pope, of course, had no way of knowing that the battle was taking place and being decided on that very day. (No cell phones in 1571!)
When news of the victory finally reached Europe, church bells rang out in cities all across the continent. The Battle of Lepanto was a decisive victory, with only 40 of the over 300 Moslem ships surviving the engagement. The Turkish force of some 75,000 men was in ruins.
The battle, although a great victory for Catholic Europe, did not end the threat of invasion, or completely break the power of the Ottoman Turks. More naval and land battles would follow in the years to come, and Vienna itself would come under attack again, and yet again.
Today, the long clash between Christendom and Islam is still evident in the political and ethnic geography of Europe, Africa, Byzantium, and north into Russia. The battle also extends, in varying degrees, throughout the Near and Far East, and the Islands of the Pacific as well.
Many Christian knights, soldiers, and sailors have died defending Christendom against the onslaughts of Islam down through the centuries. Today, the borders of many European countries, Canada, and the United States are practically wide open, and the old enemy is invited to come in and make himself at home. And many 'Christians' in the West are just too busy enjoying their material prosperity to be bothered with unpleasant history.
But the enemy has not forgotten history. He remembers it all too well, and he is still deadly serious about his religion. His goal over the years has not changed in the slightest, and he is very patient. The enemy within is now smiling, just biding his time.
And long dead Christian knights, our ancestors in the Faith, are probably turning over in their graves right about now, trying desperately to shout out a warning. The final chapter, it seems, has yet to be written...
The Battle of Lepanto, October 7, 1571
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©2002-2013 Tradition in Action, Inc. All Rights Reserved | <urn:uuid:30039e8e-82af-4663-8c93-b7b938a6ff50> | 2013-05-23T19:04:49Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Now you can help translate Steam!
The Steam user community consists of over 40 million people around the world who run Steam in one of 25 languages. We do our best to translate everything for everyone, but we admit it's difficult to keep pace. With your help, Steam can now become fully localized in each of the 25 languages we support.
As a participant in Steam translation, you'll have access to all text elements within Steam's Client application, Store, Community, and even Valve's games. You'll have the tools you need to view what items are in need of translation, suggest translations of your own, and submit feedback on other translators' work. To participate, simply link your Steam Account with this site. Once logged in, you'll find all the information you need to get started. As you gain experience in providing translations and submitting feedback, you may become a language moderator yourself, guiding and approving other translators' contributions.
Below you'll find a list of current text elements, or "strings" in need of translation, plus a graph displaying the overall translation status of all language files within Steam. You can see there's much work to be done, and we're glad you're here to help - Your contribution to Steam translation will impact users worldwide.
You can participate by logging on with your usual Steam account credentials via OpenID:
You can send your feedback regarding Steams Translation Server to: firstname.lastname@example.org. | <urn:uuid:f7ddb7f4-35b0-4e42-99c1-cc72be39bb1c> | 2013-05-23T19:05:18Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Unmissable tourist sites
Where to sleep?
Jelling Travel guide
Jelling : Michelin's recommendations
Jelling's status as a major tourist centre can be attributed to the events that took place here in the 10C. At the height of the Viking period, during the reigns of the founders of the Danish dynasty (Gorm the Old and his son Harald Bluetooth), this was the throne of the royal family, as the two impressive burial mounds and two rune stones confirm.
Tourist attractions Jelling : Things to see and do
Kirkestien DK - 7300 Jelling
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URBANA, Ohio (AP) — A man who pleaded guilty to stabbing, suffocating and dismembering his girlfriend has been sentenced to life in prison and must serve at least 42 years before being eligible for parole.
Matthew Puccio, who was sentenced Monday in Champaign County Common Pleas Court, pleaded guilty last month to aggravated murder in the death of Jessica Rae Sacco along with other charges including felonious assault, gross abuse of a corpse and tampering with evidence. The remains of Sacco, 21, were found in the bathtub of their apartment in Urbana, in western Ohio, in late March.
Authorities said Puccio, 26, stabbed Sacco in the abdomen in an argument and suffocated her hours later with a plastic bag. Prosecutor Nick Selvaggio said in court that Sacco fought Puccio off at first but Puccio wrapped a second bag around her face.
The prosecutor also said Puccio enlisted the help of four friends to help in covering up the crime by dismembering the body and helping him dispose of limbs in southern Ohio and northern Kentucky. The two men and two women also have pleaded guilty to charges in the case and were sentenced on various counts.
Puccio told the judge before his sentencing that he loved Sacco. The Dayton Daily News reported that when the judge asked how he could "kill and butcher" someone he loved, he replied: "That's what I'm still trying to figure out."
Sacco's mother, Susan Taynor, was in the courtroom on Monday, holding her daughter's ashes in a red velvet bag in her lap.
Taynor said after the sentencing that she believes Puccio is "an expert in knowing how to manipulate," the Urbana Daily Citizen reported.
During the investigation, Selvaggio said Puccio gave at least five versions of what happened to Sacco before he finally told authorities the truth. Selvaggio said that Puccio initially denied the killing, saying Sacco had kicked him out of the house. Other versions included the claim that he killed her in self-defense after she assaulted him and that he didn't mean to dismember her.
In media interviews, Puccio said he met Sacco through Facebook while he was living in Texas, they moved in together in Urbana and they argued often. He also said Sacco begged him to kill her after he confronted her about text messages she'd sent saying she wanted him dead.
Puccio originally pleaded not guilty by reason of insanity but changed his plea after he was found competent to stand trial.
Copyright 2012 The Associated Press. | <urn:uuid:54481d76-b35f-4ef0-abd6-c09bc6f84bfc> | 2013-05-23T18:39:15Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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DOUBLE / WHITE
Catherine of Siena (1347-80), the daughter of an Italian tradesman, made a vow of virginity, and thereafter endured patiently the reproaches of her disappointed parents. When she was 15, she joined the lay Third Order of St. Dominic, and became one of the Church's greatest mystics and apostles of charity. Inspired by the Holy Ghost, Catherine persuaded Pope Gregory XI to return to Rome from residence in Avignon and strove zealously to prevent a threatening schism within the Church. As she lay dying, at the age of 33, she recommended particularly to her grieving disciples the striving after Christlike charity. Her mystical Dialogues are widely read and quoted today.
Mass of a VIRGIN, except
Almighty God, we celebrate today the birthday of Your blessed virgin Catherine. May her feast fill us with joy and may we profit by the example of her great faith. Through Our Lord . . .
O Lord, let this saving victim that we offer on the feast of blessed Catherine come before You with our prayers, breathing the fragrance of spotless purity. Through Our Lord . . .
O Lord, confer eternal life on us through the Food we have eaten at Your heavenly banquet, from which the blessed virgin Catherine drew support even for her earthly life. Through Our Lord . . . | <urn:uuid:7a7bdc88-2a7d-4419-a177-06ddac922899> | 2013-05-23T18:44:52Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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The postal service is phasing out vending machines at post offices and other retail locations in the Kentuckiana district. It will take about two years to phase out the 125 postal vending machines. The decision to remove the machines was based on repair costs and revenue loss. A notice will be posted on the machines at least 30 days in advance of removal. The machine in the North Park Station in Evansville will be removed sometime this month. | <urn:uuid:1bdaf941-7e1c-43e7-8df9-43d6cd6cd40d> | 2013-05-23T18:45:13Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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If your child frequently gets colds, sinus infections and laryngitis you may have considered having his or her adenoids removed to see if the infections would lesson. A new study from the Netherlands says you might want to rethink that.
According to Chantal Boonacker, who led the research team at the University Medical Center Utrecht, waiting has no bad consequences. The watchful waiting approach seems to be as effective as surgery.
Adenoids are tissue that sit in the back of the nasal cavity and are above the roof of the mouth. You can see your tonsils when you look in the mirror and open your mouth, but you can't see your adenoids. Their purpose is to help fight infection in children and usually shrink and disappear by adulthood.
Sometimes the tissue becomes enlarged. A surgery called an adenoidectomy may be performed in children with a chronic cough and cold. The study suggests that in children with respiratory problems, delaying the surgery may be a smart financial and medical decision.
The research included 111 children, age one to six, who'd had an average of nine or ten respiratory infections - including colds and sinus infections - in the past year.
Half of them were randomly chosen to have an adenoidectomy right away and the rest were assigned to a watchful waiting strategy over the next two years.
In a report released in 2011, the study team found no difference in future respiratory infections or ear problems in kids who did or didn't have immediate adenoidectomy. Of the 57 kids initially allocated to watchful waiting, 23 went on to have their adenoids removed.
Researchers also looked into the expense of the two medical approaches. Boonacker and her colleagues found that once surgery, drugs, doctors' appointments and family expenses were considered, immediate adenoidectomy was about one and a half times more expensive than waiting - at an average of $1,995 versus $1,216. The cost may be different in the U.S.
There are other reasons a child may undergo an adenoidectomy, such as ear infections or airway obstruction. Boonacker cautioned that the financial and clinical findings might not apply in those cases.
Many U.S. physicians prefer the watchful waiting approach before having a child undergo surgery when possible. The typical treatment for children with breathing problems would include antibiotics for infection or topical nasal steroids for allergies.
In another study published alongside the new report, researchers from Montreal Children's Hospital in Canada found African American kids were at higher risk of having major respiratory complications after removal of their adenoids and tonsils.
Boonacker said that in general, complication rates tied to adenoidectomy are low. The procedure typically lasts about 30 minutes and doesn't require an overnight stay.
Boonacker would like parents to know about the study's findings to help them make good treatment choices if their child is battling recurring coughs and colds. "This decision can now be based on careful consideration of anticipated benefits and risks, personal preference and costs," she said.
The study was published in JAMA Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery. | <urn:uuid:c44d3183-b920-413a-94bf-fcd06dfb9997> | 2013-05-23T18:32:09Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Category: World / October 1, 2012 2:43 PM EDT
At least eight people are dead after a ferry carrying more than 120 passengers sank just south of Hong Kong late on Monday (October 1) following a collision with a tug boat.
A government spokesperson said divers searched through the night for more than a dozen people missing, adding that 101 people had been rescued so far from the scene, off Lamma Island, an area popular with tourists.
The ferry, belonging to The Hong kong Electric Company, was carrying company staff and family members on an evening cruise to watch fireworks at Victoria Harbour.
The ferry left Lamma Island at 8.15 pm to watch the fireworks, but within a few minutes, a tugboat smashed into the vessel.
Survivors were being taken to hospitals on Hong Kong Island and Lamma Island, some of them suffering from hypothermia, a paramedic at the Queen Mary Hospital on Hong Kong Island said.
The accident occurred over a long holiday weekend in Hong Kong, celebrating both the Mid-Autumn Festival and China's National Day on October 1.
Thousands of Hong Kong residents live on outlying islands such as Lamma, which lies about 3 km (2 miles) southwest of Hong Kong.
Hong Kong is one of the world's busiest shipping channels, although serious accidents are rare. | <urn:uuid:c27137b2-e367-49eb-8325-a6296686a0e7> | 2013-05-23T18:30:33Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Harry Hill's X Factor spoof 'I Can't Sing' arrives in the West End next year, and here are the moments from the show we hope feature.
Nicola Roberts: Kimberley will win
Kimberley Walsh will be 'the queen of Strictly', according to Girls Aloud bandmate Nicola Roberts
Nicola Roberts believes her Girls Aloud bandmate Kimberley Walsh will prove a big hit on Strictly Come Dancing - thanks to her derriere.
Kimberley has joined the likes of Denise Van Outen, Sid Owen, Johnny Ball, Jerry Hall, and Olympic medal winners Louis Smith and Victoria Pendleton on the line-up for this year's show.
Beat Of My Drum singer Nicola told The Sun: "I think with a smile and a bum like Kimberley's she doesn't have any competition.
"She is amazing. She is an amazing person in general. She's one of my best friends and she's just such a beautiful person."
Kimberley has told how fellow bandmate Cheryl Cole persuaded her to sign up for the BBC One show, but Nicola said she wouldn't do it herself.
"No, I wouldn't do it - but Kimberley will be queen of Strictly Come Dancing," she added.
Her comments come after Kimberley, who made her debut last week alongside partner Pasha Kovalev, claimed that the Duchess of Cornwall is rooting for her and has promised to vote for her on the show.
related stories on msn
latest tv videos
Frankie Sandford proudly showed off her growing baby bump on the red carpet at The Hangover Part III premiere.
Date 3 hrs ago, Duration 1:04, Views 85 | <urn:uuid:3df3ea98-8bcd-49a9-aa27-ba85d1dd81e6> | 2013-05-23T18:30:57Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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The title, obviously.
A Canadian drama produced by the CBC, The Border
premiered in January 2008 and aired for three seasons before being cancelled in the winter of 2010. So far as of 2011, there's no word on whether the third season will have a proper conclusion.The Border
follows a fictional group of agents who comprise the Immigration and Customs Security (ICS) agency. The ICS was ostensibly created by the Canadian government to handle trans-border matters concerning national security, including terrorism and smuggling after the events of September 11, 2001. ICS is under the portfolio of Public Safety Canada.
According to Peter Raymont, one of the producers of the Border, the show had been conceptualized back in 2001 prior to 9/11 before and after they pitched work for the CBC a three hour documentary mini series, commissioned by TVOntario and other broadcasters entitled "The Undefended Border".
The Border had been nominated for five awards at the 2009 Monte Carlo Television Festival after it had a previous nomination for Best TV Drama at the 2008 Monte Carlo Television Festival. In addition, it had 9 Gemini Awards and 1 Young Artist Award.
The show's broadcasting rights had been sold to several countries, including the United States on ION Television. In Quebec, the show had been shown in French via Séries+.
Not to be confused with the 1982 Jack Nicholson
film with the same name
This TV series features examples of:
- A Day in the Limelight: To the other ICS agents in both the TV and DVD extras (The Psych tests) aside from Mike.
- Action Duo: Gray and Layla, later with Liz and sometimes with Darnell. Al and Darnell. Mike and Maggie and sometimes with Bianca.
- Action Girlfriend: Liz Carver (played by Grace Park) is this to Gray Jackson.
- Big Brother Is Watching: An episode deals with a Canadian company selling facial recognition surveillance software to China.
- Biker Babe: Khalida Massi, introduced in the third season, is one to some extent. This gets Slade's attention.
- Bolivian Army Cliffhanger: Somewhat literally, in that the series' third-season finale, and de facto series finale, ended this way in the midst of a shootout between trapped ICS agents and a besieging gang from a Mexican drug cartel. Word Of God is still unknown.
- Canada, Eh?: And how! Set rather blatantly in Toronto; most of the cast are Canadians as well.
- Cowboy Cop: Gray Jackson, at least temporarily after the deaths of Layla and his father.
- The Cutie: Zoe Kessler, daughter of ICS chief Mike Kessler.
- Does This Remind You of Anything?: Kessler commanding ICS with the rank of Major. Shouldn't it be all familiar?
- Embarrassing First Name: Heironymous Slade.
- Fictional Counterpart: The CBSA (Canada Border Services Agency) as Canada Customs and the Sûreté du Québec as the Department Du Police du Quebec (Quebec Police Department). According to Denis McGrath, this was done due to legal concerns to get clearance in using the names of the real agencies before the production team was forced to use fictional names instead.
- Friend on the Force: Al with the Toronto Police Service as he's a liaison officer with ICS.
- Handsome Lech: Mike Kessler; lampshaded by his daughter Zoe in conversation with his ex-wife.
- Heroic BSOD / What the Hell, Hero?: Occurs to Gray in spades after the deaths of Layla and his father, whereupon he goes temporarily rogue.
- He Who Fights Monsters: Mike near the end of the 1st season after he learns that the Canadian government is harboring an ex-Croatian warlord to help them hunt down more infamous warlords from the Bosnian War by giving him facial surgery. He goes on his own to help the survivors hide from him by asking an ex-JTF-2 subordinate of his to provide protection while he contemplates assassinating the ex-warlord before someone else took the shot for him.
- Iron Lady: ICS second-in-command Maggie Norton.
- Killed Off for Real / Anyone Can Die: Layla, in the second season finale.
- Obstructive Bureaucrat: Many of Kessler's superiors in the Canadian government are portrayed as this.
- Playful Hacker: Slade, ICS' designated computer expert.
- Private Military Contractors: The domain of ICS nemesis Andrew Mannering's company, Trucott Solutions Inc., by the 2nd/3rd seasons.
- Professional Killer: A few episodes have this as the plot. Daisy, aside from being a M16 agent deployed to Toronto, is a black ops assassin originally sent in to kill a Nigerian drug dealer to prevent a crisis from erupting back in Britain.
- Reasonable Authority Figure: Mike Kessler.
- Real Life Writes the Plot: The fictional ICS headquarters (and real-life production facility) were set in a building formerly belonging to the Rochester fast ferry. It was considered ideal thanks to the full-featured customs facilities left over from its original purpose.
- Retired Badass: ICS chief Mike Kessler, formerly a Major in Canada's Joint Task Force 2.
- Shout Out: Resident computer-hacking expert Slade is fond of these, Khalida to a lesser extent.
- The Aloner: See He Who Fights Monsters.
- The Conscience: The point of the entire show. The creators said in an interview that they wanted the show to be compared like 24 "with a human conscience."
- The War on Terror: Some of the episodes either have this or a mix of this with other subplots. One of the episodes is set in Afghanistan.
- Token Minority: There are in ICS, given that Canada is a multinational country. You got Layla (South Asian), Darnell (African) and Khalida (Algerian). In DHS, you got Bianca (Cuban-American from Florida) and Liz (Asian-American from Idaho).
- Your Terrorists Are Our Freedom Fighters: Portrayed in some episodes concerning Afghanistan and Iraq. | <urn:uuid:af2cd83e-8bff-4236-a89d-1f8068e559ce> | 2013-05-23T18:52:33Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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...For your delectation: The Delahaye!
BBCAmerica's "Top Gear" has been running promos for their season-opener, featuring a sleek Alfa-Romeo hardtop they describe as "the most beautiful car in the world." Oh, I'll grant it's a lovely vehicle, but it's no Delahaye. It's about even with, say, a Cord 812.
IT'S A KLUGE
7 hours ago | <urn:uuid:bed3b3d2-cf97-4812-9890-515e17faa874> | 2013-05-23T18:44:36Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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New to Typophile? Accounts are free, and easy to set up.
I am very new to designing typefaces. This is my first attempt. So please spare a couple of minutes to tell me how I can improve it and carry it forward. I was wondering if the letters 'v' and 'x' looked like they belonged to the family. Similarly I am not happy with the 's'. But please give me your views on it. Thank you!
Graphic Design student | <urn:uuid:faa176a9-1938-4ba7-82a3-0d0a7dd25937> | 2013-05-23T18:42:37Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Each class I teach I learn something new. The interdisciplinary aspect of art history makes it an exciting field to explore with students. The core question we hope to answer is “why do things look the way they do?” Finding out involves being a detective.
Most courses involve visits to regional museums and archaeological sites so that we see and experience these places and objects in person.
In addition to the surveys of Ancient to Medieval art and Non-Western art, I teach a variety of upper-level courses in Ancient, Medieval, and Renaissance art. I also have taught special topics courses such as Greek and Roman Theater, Roman Women, and Women in Antiquity.
Much of my research has focused on female figures in the circle of the wine god Dionysus such as his celebrants, maenads, and his consort, Ariadne. I also explored female figures that came into conflict with the god such as Dirce, who was trampled to death under a bull for her impiety. A characteristic shared by all three figures was that artists often portrayed them with bared breasts. My current goal is to explore this complex topic in an interdisciplinary book entitled The Breast Revealed, which will include analyses of historical and mythological figures. As a springboard into this project I am working on an article-length manuscript “Roma, and the Virtuous Breast”.
The Goddess Roma was the embodiment of Rome and a complex figure who symbolized political and religious ideas. Numerous studies have identified Roma's appearance using attributes such as her helmet, weapons, globes, and trophies. However, one attribute that scholars have overlooked is her revealed breast. The majority of representations of Roma as a complete figure, either standing or sitting, portrayed her as an Amazon with one breast exposed. Her Amazon costume, deriving from a long tradition in Greek art, did not necessitate revealing the breast; artists and patrons chose her guise purposefully. My research explores possible interpretations of the revealed breast in images of Roma as they developed and standardized in the early imperial period. | <urn:uuid:23a951b6-dad4-48d5-9d80-abee0c8d8af9> | 2013-05-23T18:58:43Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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1. Your acceptance of these terms and conditions Use of the UAVDronesForSale.com service (the “Service”) in any manner, and whether at our site or through a third party website or other interface, you certify that (a) you are at least 18 years of age, (b) if you are providing access to the Service to any person who is under 13 years of age, you are such person’s parent or legal guardian and you consent to the use of the Service by such person only under your direct supervision and subject to any reasonable verification required by us, and (c) you expressly agree to be bound by these terms and conditions of service (these “Terms”).
Your use of the Service is expressly conditioned upon the certifications listed above and your acceptance of these Terms. If the certifications above are not true, or if you do not agree to any part of these Terms, you may not use the Service. This site reserves the right to update and revise these Terms from time to time without notice to or acceptance by you.
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2. Intellectual Property Rights
The content on our website, except all User Submissions (as defined below), including without limitation, the text, software, scripts, graphics, photos, sounds, music, videos, interactive features and the like (“Content”) and the trademarks, service marks and logos contained therein (“Marks”), are owned by or licensed to UAVDronesForSale.com, subject to copyright and other intellectual property rights under United States and foreign laws and international conventions. Content on the website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only and may not be used, copied, reproduced, distributed, transmitted, broadcast, displayed, sold, licensed, or otherwise exploited for any other purposes whatsoever without the prior written consent of the respective owners. We reserve all rights not expressly granted in and to the website and the Content.
You agree to not engage in the use, copying, or distribution of any of the Content other than expressly permitted herein, including any use, copying, or distribution of User Submissions of third parties obtained through the website for any commercial purposes. If you download or print a copy of the Content for personal use, you must retain all copyright and other proprietary notices contained therein. You agree not to circumvent, disable or otherwise interfere with security related features of our UAVDronesForSale.com site or features that prevent or restrict use or copying of any Content or enforce limitations on use of our website or the Content therein. These Terms of Service apply to all users of our website. Our website may contain links to third party websites. We assume no responsibility for, the content, privacy policies, or practices of any third party websites. In addition, we will not and cannot censor or edit the content of any third-party site.
We reserve the right to make adjustments to any ads we deem necessary for the good of the website and or the visitors coming to this website.
Please note that photographs may not accurately represent the number of items per package, the size, or color, or features of a product. Mentioned company names, trademarks, brands, logos, product pictures and specifications in the content of these web pages are copyright and owned or controlled by the respective companies, or entities.
Product listings availability and price are subject to change without notice.
Twitter Tweets by @DronesForSale | <urn:uuid:9dd459f1-dd73-4522-8887-0663e3712e47> | 2013-05-23T18:38:04Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Huntington Library Quarterly publishes articles on the literature, history, and art of the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries in Britain and America, with special emphasis on:
The journal also publishes book reviews and review articles on important work in early modern studies. The Intramuralia section now reports comprehensively on the Huntington's acquisitions of rare books, manuscripts, and ephemera.
Current special issues of the journal include "Supplement to the Guide to Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the Huntington Library" (compiled by Peter Kidd), "Prison Writings in Early Modern England" (edited by William H. Sherman and William J. Sheils), "Religion and Cultural Transformation in Early Modern England" (edited by Lorna Clymer), and "The Places and Spaces of Early Modern London" (edited by Deborah Harkness and Jean E. Howard). For further information about Huntington Library Quarterly, please visit the Huntington Library homepage. | <urn:uuid:bdff60af-a1b5-4ef7-9b29-c0848a70048e> | 2013-05-23T18:37:57Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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From the Files
Can Sensitivity and Common Sense Coexist?
My client tells me last week that her boy was suspended from high school, 12th grade, for five days, charged with "biased behavior."
Seems his "Living Skills" class was having a discussion on negotiating in the marketplace. The teacher asked them what they could do if they wanted to buy something that they thought was overpriced.
My client's son answered, "I'd try to 'jew' them down." Except even in his thoughts, he didn't put "jew" in quotation marks, because he wouldn't have known to do that. There in the classroom, in addition to students and teacher, was an administrator from the school board, there to observe. The administrator was a Jewish man who took offense, took extreme offense, at the boy's answer. With no confrontation, no explanation, the man went to the office and started the process that would suspend the boy for five days and put a notice of "biased behavior" in his school file. The mom was called. She apologized for what her son had said, adding that, regrettably, she expected he had heard his grandfather use that term. She pleaded, saying that she was certain her son had no idea of the term's origin, or that it even related to a group of people, and certainly no idea that it was an offensive term. So far, the suspension stands, the record stands, and my client is the only person to have taken the time to explain to her son what he did wrong.
My client, who works in education, said that she could not understand why the teacher and/or administrator wouldn't have made use of the "teachable moment," to help the boy and all the other students examine the statement, understand why it would be objectionable, and replace it with something else. I agree with her. I have never used that term; I have heard it, and I find it offensive. And I still say that this situation is political correctness / cultural sensitivity run amok. A little common sense is called for. Incidentally, the teacher thoroughly corroborates, via an email which my client showed me, the story that the boy clearly had no intent to offend, and indeed, appeared to completely lack understanding of why he was in trouble.
I got a phone call from a former client, whom I hadn't heard from in a couple of years. When I met her, she was utterly alone. The story she told was one that would not have been realistic enough for a soap opera. If it can go wrong in a person's life, it had gone wrong in this woman's. Illness, disaster, violation, victimization, betrayal by family, friends, church. And you might think, yea, but did she....? Yes, she did. Yea, but was she...? Yes, she was. Imagine a bad scene, and she had been there. She was living in her car when I met her, here in a country that was not her own, staying in this town to complete her cancer therapy.
She was calling to tell me that she has written a book, which will be published next year, and in which she wanted me to know, I get a "shout out." I am not showing false modesty when I say to you, as I said to her, "I didn't do anything." She says I helped her immeasurably, and that she wouldn't have survived if not for me. I don't see it. Indeed, I was often amazed that this woman was not suicidal, and it was not because of anything I was doing. Her needs were so great, anything I had to offer barely made a dent. I actually remember thinking, more than once, that if I were her, I would have to seriously consider suicide. Her past, present, and prospects for the future, seemed that bleak. She amazed me then, and she delights me now. She is indeed, a survivor. I can't tell you how happy, truly happy I was, to hear from her.
Had a little training session for the grad student interns, on interpreting children's art in therapy. Student One holds up a client's drawing of his family, in which she's calling attention to everything but the ONE thing that jumps out at me from across the room.
Me: What is that, there, on the Dad? Is that pubic hair?
Student One (obviously seeing what I see for the first time): Ohmygosh, I didn't even notice that! (looks more closely) No, I think it's like laces, they're like lace-up pants...
Me: His Dad wears lace-up pants? Did he wear these in session? (other students giggle)
Student Two: I think they're balls!
Student One (with absolute seriousness): No, it couldn't be that, he doesn't have any. In fact, that's one of the things we're working on, trying to get him some...
Me: Well, OK, as long as you document that as a goal in your treatment plan.
Sometimes clients, even uncooperative ones, will feed me the perfect set-up.
In this family, I'm trying to get the single mom and all three teenagers to take responsibility for their own actions, to stop blaming one another, or anyone else for the choices they make. I am at that point in the session when a concrete example would be useful. Just then, the 13-year-old says something very disrespectful to the mom, such disrespect being another target of treatment.
Mom looks stricken, as she always does when this kid lets loose her venom. I say to the kid, "Gidget, it seems to me that you are so accustomed to being unkind to your mom, I wonder if you even recognize how hurtful your words are to her..."
Gidget says, "Oh, yea. I know I'm being disrespectful. She gets on my nerves so much, she makes me so crazy, that I have to be disrespectful to her!"
Mom retorts, "See? See what I live with!? I had quit smoking today, but you know what? I'm going to smoke! They behave so badly that I'm going back to smoking as soon as we leave here!"
Hmmm. Wonder where Gidget learned her technique... | <urn:uuid:903507db-2ac1-4272-ad44-ef6ed1d7c580> | 2013-05-23T18:59:36Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Classifying Critical Points
So let’s say we’ve got a critical point of a multivariable function . That is, a point where the differential vanishes. We want something like the second derivative test that might tell us more about the behavior of the function near that point, and to identify (some) local maxima and minima. We’ll assume here that is twice continuously differentiable in some region around .
The analogue of the second derivative for multivariable functions is the second differential . This function assigns to every point a bilinear function of two displacement vectors and , and it measures the rate at which the directional derivative in the direction of is changing as we move in the direction of . That is,
If we choose coordinates on given by an orthonormal basis , we can write the second differential in terms of coordinates
This matrix is often called the “Hessian” of at the point .
As I said above, this is a bilinear form. Further, Clairaut’s theorem tells us that it’s a symmetric form. Then the spectral theorem tells us that we can find an orthonormal basis with respect to which the Hessian is actually diagonal, and the diagonal entries are the eigenvalues of the matrix.
So let’s go back and assume we’re working with such a basis. This means that our second partial derivatives are particularly simple. We find that for we have
and for , the second partial derivative is an eigenvalue
which we can assume (without loss of generality) are nondecreasing. That is, .
Now, if all of these eigenvalues are positive at a critical point , then the Hessian is positive-definite. That is, given any direction we have . On the other hand, if all of the eigenvalues are negative, the Hessian is negative definite; given any direction we have . In the former case, we’ll find that has a local minimum in a neighborhood of , and in the latter case we’ll find that has a local maximum there. If some eigenvalues are negative and others are positive, then the function has a mixed behavior at we’ll call a “saddle” (sketch the graph of near to see why). And if any eigenvalues are zero, all sorts of weird things can happen, though at least if we can find one positive and one negative eigenvalue we know that the critical point can’t be a local extremum.
We remember that the determinant of a diagonal matrix is the product of its eigenvalues, so if the determinant of the Hessian is nonzero then either we have a local maximum, we have a local minimum, or we have some form of well-behaved saddle. These behaviors we call “generic” critical points, since if we “wiggle” the function a bit (while maintaining a critical point at ) the Hessian determinant will stay nonzero. If the Hessian determinant is zero, wiggling the function a little will make it nonzero, and so this sort of critical point is not generic. This is the sort of unstable situation analogous to a failure of the second derivative test. Unfortunately, the analogy doesn’t extent, in that the sign of the Hessian determinant isn’t instantly meaningful. In two dimensions a positive determinant means both eigenvalues have the same sign — denoting a local maximum or a local minimum — while a negative determinant denotes eigenvalues of different signs — denoting a saddle. This much is included in multivariable calculus courses, although usually without a clear explanation why it works.
So, given a direction vector so that , then since is in , there will be some neighborhood of so that for all . In particular, there will be some range of so that . For any such point we can use Taylor’s theorem with to tell us that
for some . And from this we see that for every so that . A similar argument shows that if then for any near in the direction of .
Now if the Hessian is positive-definite then every direction from gives us , and so every point near satisfies . If the Hessian is negative-definite, then every point near satisfies . And if the Hessian has both positive and negative eigenvalues then within any neighborhood we can find some directions in which and some in which . | <urn:uuid:1470b6e0-0c2a-416e-a3f3-01bb7910efed> | 2013-05-23T19:06:31Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Response to the comments of Mr Curtis Clark.
>At 07:06 2002-05-24, Philipp Reichmuth wrote:
>>Again, markup is the better solution. And, to be honest, it's a bit of
>>a waste of space on the mailing list, don't you think?
>I agree. Unicode already provides the basis for a widely-used and
>standardized formal system of markup by providing the characters U+003C,
>U+003E, and U+002F.
No, it does not.
Character U+003C is LESS-THAN SIGN
Character U+003E is GREATER-THAN SIGN
Character U+002F is SOLIDUS
If some other people have used those characters in a markup system with a
non-Unicode file format, that cannot be considered as Unicode providing the
basis for markup.
25 May 2002
This archive was generated by hypermail 2.1.2 : Sat May 25 2002 - 09:08:29 EDT | <urn:uuid:7a4cf7f3-3b31-4554-a47c-09daa21f6a41> | 2013-05-23T18:44:11Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Works of literary imagination play a vital role in the Liberal Arts.
Writers engage the mind and the heart in search of answers to some of life’s toughest questions. Who am I, and what shaped me? How should I live my life? What gives life meaning? What is love? What is justice? What is evil? What is wrong with society -- and can it be changed? Like painting, photography, sculpture, music, dance, and philosophy, literature confronts and expresses the most fundamental quandary of all: what it means to be human.
At Union, you will study the way authors have wrestled with the human condition along a wide historical and cultural spectrum: from Chaucer to Keats to W.E.B. DuBois, from Charlotte Brontë to Catherine Sedgwick to Maxine Hong Kingston. Explore other cultures in “Discourses on the Vietnam War” or “Irish Literature and Sexual Identity.” Delve into the relationship between culture and literature in "Literature and Drugs," "Humanities: The Origins," or a seminar on the Beatles. Creative writing workshops in poetry, fiction and screenwriting offer you the opportunity to make your own claims about what it means to be human.
As you argue with your peers and professors, you sharpen your analytical eye. As you write about literary texts, you hone your argumentative and writing skills. And time and again, as you navigate an author’s literary world, you develop crucial qualities you need to confront the human condition for yourself: critical thinking and compassion. | <urn:uuid:51c749a7-1e83-4cbf-95a9-2524ed0226f7> | 2013-05-23T18:39:28Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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To balance a child's emotions and increase self-esteem, hang a faceted crystal ball over the head of the bed. The position of a child’s bed is one of the biggest factors determining the child’s progress, maturation, and safety. Placing the bed in the Children Area gives the child strength, intelligence, and energy. Arrange the bed so the head rests against a solid wall. Crystal Ball 30mm is ready to hang with red string.
- Item #: K-cry30 | <urn:uuid:70a32485-972d-4263-88b6-08240edbc03f> | 2013-05-23T18:58:18Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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I'm trying to make UDEV stop mounting one of my devices at boot time, and I've created a rule in /etc/udev/rules.d/ called 1-myblacklist.rules. All the rule does is matches the device by kernel identifier (ie. "sdb") and and set the attribute OPTION to "ignore_device"
udevadm test /sys/block/sdb
Shows that the my rules file is parsed as the first entry, but all subsequent rules still gets applied. And the partitions on the drive still shows up on my desktop (XFCE). | <urn:uuid:7add303e-8947-4ab6-a420-bda4a7797b99> | 2013-05-23T19:06:16Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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I just read a book about PF (The Book Of PF, No Starch), but there's one question not answered by it.
If I have a gateway machine using two interfaces, $int_if and $ext_if, and I NAT the packages coming from $int_if:net (which is, let's say, 10.0.0.0/24) to $ext_if using
match, when gets the NAT applied? Before or after the filtering rules?
match out on $ext_if from 10.0.0.0/24 nat-to ($ext_if) pass out on $ext_if from 10.0.0.0/24 block drop out on $ext_if from 10.0.0.23
Does that work? Or gets the source IP of a packet coming from 10.0.0.23 NATed to the address of $ext_if before the check if it's from 10.0.0.23 gets evaluated?
This diagram is not helpful to answer this question, I think, but it's interesting nevertheless: [http://www.benzedrine.cx/pf_flow.png]
If you read the PF NAT FAQ [http://www.openbsd.org/faq/pf/nat.html], especially the section "Configuring NAT", you'll come across this sentences:
When a packet is selected by a match rule, parameters (e.g. nat-to) in that rule are remembered and are applied to the packet when a pass rule matching the packet is reached. This permits a whole class of packets to be handled by a single match rule and then specific decisions on whether to allow the traffic can be made with block and pass rules.
I think that sounds as if it's not as I stated in the paragraph above, so the source IP gets "remembered" until there's a decision about the action to be done with the packet. If the decision is made, the NATting gets applied.
What do you think?
P.S.: This is a quite theoretic question. If you're a little bit pragmatic, you'll do it this way:
match out on $ext_if from 10.0.0.0/24 nat-to ($ext_if) block drop from 10.0.0.23 # or, explicitly, # block drop in on $int_if from 10.0.0.23
block rule gets already applied when the packet comes in on $int_if.
EDIT: Another possibility is, of course, to decide before NAT:
pass from 10.0.0.0/24 block drop from 10.0.0.23 match out on $ext_if from 10.0.0.0/24 nat-to ($ext_if)
If a packet from .23 arrives, it first matches the first rule, then matches the second rule and the third "rule". But as the second rule is the last deciding about passing/blocking, the packet gets blocked. Right? | <urn:uuid:4cf7e4c0-eeb6-4dc5-81c2-f95d7f8b33c2> | 2013-05-23T18:45:44Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Rachel Martin is the host of Weekend Edition Sunday.
Prior to moving into the host position in the fall of 2012, Martin started as National Security Correspondent for NPR in May 2010. In that position she covered both defense and intelligence issues. She traveled regularly to Iraq and Afghanistan with the Secretary of Defense, reporting on the US wars and the effectiveness of the Pentagon's counterinsurgency strategy. Martin also reported extensively on the changing demographic of the US military – from the debate over whether to allow women to fight in combat units – to the repeal of Don't Ask Don't Tell. Her reporting on how the military is changing also took her to a US Air Force base in New Mexico where the military for a rare look at how the military trains drone pilots.
Martin was part of the team that launched NPR's experimental morning news show, The Bryant Park Project, based in New York — a two-hour daily multimedia program that she co-hosted with Alison Stewart and Mike Pesca.
In 2006-2007, Martin served as NPR's religion correspondent. Her piece on Islam in America was awarded "Best Radio Feature" by the Religion News Writers Association in 2007. As one of NPR's reporters assigned to cover the Virginia Tech massacre that same year, she was on the school's campus within hours of the shooting and on the ground in Blacksburg, Va., covering the investigation and emotional aftermath in the following days.
Based in Berlin, Germany, Martin worked as a NPR foreign correspondent from 2005-2006. During her time in Europe, she covered the London terrorist attacks, the federal elections in Germany, the 2006 World Cup and issues surrounding immigration and shifting cultural identities in Europe.
Her foreign reporting experience extends beyond Europe. Martin has also worked extensively in Afghanistan. She began reporting from there as a freelancer during the summer of 2003, covering the reconstruction effort in the wake of the U.S. invasion. In fall 2004, Martin returned for several months to cover Afghanistan's first democratic presidential election. She has reported widely on women's issues in Afghanistan, the fledgling political and governance system and the US-NATO fight against the insurgency. She has also reported from Iraq, where she covered U.S. military operations and the strategic alliance between Sunni sheiks and the U.S. military in Anbar province.
Martin started her career at public radio station KQED in San Francisco, as a producer and reporter.
She holds an undergraduate degree in political science from the University of Puget Sound in Tacoma, Washington, and a Master's degree in International Affairs from Columbia University. | <urn:uuid:1f9d39f1-2f6c-4248-87e8-ebde138f19c2> | 2013-05-23T18:52:07Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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This is the second mention of a PerlMonks entry from last week I wanted to do...
Putting it briefly, I expected that a command like the one in the subject would
open() a file "in memory" with the appropriate layer. Simply, it's not so: if you specify a layer, then the reference will be stringified and interpreted as a file name. Not too much of a problem: you can still use an explicit
binmode() on the handle. Only, it's by all means a confusing behaviour, and I don't see how anyone could contradict me. Point is, the docs never say "if the third argument is a scalar reference, then it is opened as in memory file." Actually the feature is only described by two examples, both referring to
'>' mode. Indeed other ones work too, but not if layers are specified. All in all I would say that the documentation could be clearer. But more importantly, although I am aware that Perl (5) deviates often enough from orthogonality, I don't see much usefulness in it doing so in this case and I would prefer it to be consistent by behaving as (I) expected.
Incidentally, Anno mentioned another situation in which it would be nice to have a scalar reference implicitly refer to a file "in memory", namely in connection with the magical
ARGV filehandle, that is if you put one such reference in
@ARGV. Indeed if such a beast did exist than that handle would be even more magic!
Now that I think of it, it would also be nice if
@ARGV supported typeglob references to be interpreted as filehandles too, for even more magic. Not something for which I feel a compelling need, but not bad to have, I guess... (I can imagine a few situations in which it would be useful.) Of course this has not much to do anymore with the subject of this post... | <urn:uuid:dec1ced6-cba1-4849-a752-438b3723ed8f> | 2013-05-23T18:38:40Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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The debate over the military's women in combat exclusion was reignited by a 2011 government study calling for more diversity in the armed services. Allowing women in combat positions would be a reversal of a Pentagon policy adopted in 1994.
The Military Leadership Diversity Commission advocated for the military to end its policy restriction on women in combat after finding white males make up a disproportionate share of the upper echelons of the armed services.
The report described the policy as an "institutional barrier" to women that "can affect their ability to reach the senior leadership ranks, particularly in the officer corps."
Panel Advocates Women in Combat
White males accounted for 77 percent of the senior officers on active duty in 2008, according to the commission. The percentage of white males far outpaced the portion of black officers active duty, who accounted for 8 percent, Hispanics, who made up 5 percent, and Asians, who made up 4 percent.
In addition, the commission reported, women held only 16 percent of senior office positions.
"The armed forces have not yet succeeded in developing a continuing stream of leaders who are as diverse as the nation they serve," the commission wrote. "Racial/ethnic minorities and women still lag behind non-Hispanic white men in terms of representative percentage of military leadership positions held."
Why Males Dominate Military Brass
The Diversity Commission suggested one reason white males have dominated the ranks of military brass is that the armed services do not do an adequate job of educating servicemen and servicewomen about the promotion process early in their careers.
"Multiple occasions for preparation can help servicemembers recognize career-enhancing opportunities and make choices that further their professional and personal goals," the commission advocated.
A more obvious reason white males make up such a large portion of active-duty officers is the ban on women in combat, which the commission recommends putting to an end.
"The services must remove institutional barriers in order to open traditionally closed doors, especially those relating to assignments -- both the initial career field assignment and subsequent assignments to key positions," the report said. "An important step in this direction is that DoD (Department of Defense) and the services eliminate combat exclusion policies for women ..."
About the Ban on Women in Combat
The 1994 ban on women in combat directs that "women shall be excluded from assignment to units below the brigade level whose primary mission is to engage in direct combat on the ground." The policy states that "direct ground combat takes place well forward on the battlefield." | <urn:uuid:1c6f6631-6db3-4a14-a454-d276c6ef17d8> | 2013-05-23T18:51:29Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Deep Europe: The 1996-97 edition
Reader from 1997 containing various texts relating to the Syndicate mailing list and the Deep Europe project, edited by Inke Arns and Andreas Broeckmann.
V2_East, Syndicate, Deep_Europe: The 1996 - 1997 edition
A User's Manual
For almost 22 months now the Syndicate mailing list has been the most important means of communication for the members of the V2_East/Syndicate network. V2_East/Syndicate is a translocal network of people and institutions who are involved in media culture and media art in Europe and who want to create contacts and an infrastructure for projects and cooperations. In the winter of 1995/96, the Rotterdam-based V2_Organisation launched its 'V2_East' initiative, dedicated to enabling and enhancing contacts and co-operations between people interested in media art and media culture in Europe. The most important result of the V2_East initiative has been the formation of the 'Syndicate' network. The name came from a comment that Vladimir Muzhesky from Kiev made during the initial V2_East meeting at the end of the Next 5 Minutes conference in Rotterdam in January 1996: 'Individually, we are rather weak when it comes to negotiating with funding bodies and governments about support for new media and electronic art projects. However, if we could join up and form something like a syndicate, then we would be able to speak with one voice when it is strategically necessary, and become more powerful than we are now.'
Since its first meeting with 30 participants from a dozen east- and west european countries, the V2_East/Syndicate network has been growing continuously. Today, in the autumn of 1997, there are more than 170 participants from 28 European and 3 non-European countries. The network which originally started out as an 'East-West initiative' almost two years ago, has since reached a stage where those symbolically laden terms mean less and less. With its mailing list <email@example.com>, website <http://www.v2.nl/east/> and regular meetings, the Syndicate is becoming an important tool for fostering ties within the media art community and a platform for discussing the changing role of media culture in the 'new Europe'. Over the past two years, we met regularly in the context of festivals and conferences, like at the DEAF festival in Rotterdam (V2_East Meeting on Documentation and Archives of Media Art in Eastern, Central and South-Eastern Europe, September 96), the Video Positive festival in Liverpool (LEAF, April 97), the documenta X in Kassel (Deep_Europe, August 97), or at the ars electronica in Linz (Net.Shop, September 97).
The idea for producing this reader came up during the Deep_Europe workshop which took place at the end of August 1997, during the 10th documenta in Kassel, Germany. For ten days, about 20 members of the V2_East/Syndicate network were guests at the Hybrid WorkSpace at the Orangerie. Besides many other important themes, we discussed the creation of a Syndicate Publication Series. The Series will include original publications and multi-directional trans-lations about Deep European media culture, covering the fields of media theory, media art, media history, politics and media activism concerning the Deep European region. It would be interesting to have various essay collections covering e.g. media theory from a certain country or region. There could be a Russian, a Romanian, a German or a Bulgarian edition, each of which should be put together by an editor from the country or region this essay collection is covering. The idea is that the authors who contribute texts to the essay collections write in their native language. The whole essay collection is then being translated into English and thus made available for an international audience. Another important project within the Syndicate Publication Series is the "cross-language series": Text translations and bilingual publications which could do a lot for the mutual understanding between communities in neighbouring countries (Hungarian-Romanian, Macedonian-Greek, German-Czech, etc.). Especially texts about media theory, philosophy and history are often painfully lacking, and we might think about finding cheap and fast ways of publishing in this field, 'making the differences productive.' The aims of the Syndicate Publication Series are the broadening of the visibility of and the insight into Deep European media culture, thus showing the richness and the diversity of this 'new European' culture.
Deep_Europe: The 1996 - 97 edition
This reader is a first step towards the planned Syndicate Publication Series. Basically, Deep_Europe: The 1996 - 97 edition consists of a collection of essays and texts that were posted on the Syndicate mailing list during the first 22 months of its existence. The 1996 - 97 edition is meant to be a documentation of V2_East/Syndicate's activities since it was created in January 1996 in Rotterdam. You will find four sections in the reader: Texts includes essays, discussion threads and polemics covering a wide variety of themes such as the Soros debate, discussions on 'Art, Power, and Communication' and the changing role of women in Eastern Europe, posted to the list between February 1996 and October 1997. The following section Reports: Travels & Conferences comprises personal impressions from non-virtual trips through Deep Europe, reports on conferences, meetings, and the recent scandal in Montenegro as well as discussions, a diary and some papers delivered at various conferences. The content of the third section Deep_Europe @ Hybrid WorkSpace is quite obvious, but still: here you will find a full version of the creative output of Deep_Europe, the ten day V2_East/Syndicate workshop at Hybrid WorkSpace (July/August 1997, dX, Kassel). Included are the initial concept, interviews with the participants, letters home and from home, suggestions towards a european media policy and some enlightning remarks about the computer game Europa. And finally, the fourth section entitled Fresh Actions includes amazingly fresh deep european activities, such as writing parallel histories of 'the Empire', collections of strange european words, a dive into corporate undergrounds and a report on the impressive hijacking of the dX web site.
Besides that, we have been scanning the archives and came up with a genuine 'historical' document: the original hand-out which was prepared for the first V2_East meeting during Next 5 Minutes in January 1996. As the data body has not been saved, we will confront you with the genuine xeroxed 'original'. Further, we thought that it might be interesting to compile the introductions of the monthly V2_East/Syndicate newsletters, which Andreas Broeckmann has relentlessly been putting together. To get the whole story, just press the button 'Replay', it comes right after this user's manual.
Two or three texts were initially crossposted from Rhizome <www.rhizome.com>, and some more texts were originally posted on the Nettime mailing list <www.desk.nl/~nettime>, whose generosity and support has been an important inspiration for many Syndicate members and activities. We have done only minor editing to the texts, correcting typographical mistakes and adding updated e-mail and web addresses where we know them.
The production of this reader has been made possible with generous support from the OSTranenie 97 festival at the Bauhaus Dessau - thanks!
Inke Arns / Andreas Broeckmann, Berlin / Rotterdam, October 1997 | <urn:uuid:c54d1448-c002-4471-9807-be3416ed7636> | 2013-05-23T18:58:16Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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For more information, contact Greenway Medical Marijuana Physicians Evaluations at (415) 777-0157, drop by the clinic located at 393 Tehama Street in San Francisco, or visit their website at http://www.greenway420.com. Greenway’s fax number is (415) 777-0153. | <urn:uuid:5bc1f1e4-3c93-42da-9627-b3b523f45153> | 2013-05-23T19:05:20Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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This problem is traditionally dealt with by a diachronically
lation which sees the occurrence of open or closed e as depending on the
nature of the following vowel or diphthong (closed front or other) or conson-
ant (palatalized or other). From a purely synchronic point of view this
formulation is open to a number of objections:
(a) one has frequently to refer to previous stages of
to determine the earlier nature of a following vowel, e.g. tēvs < *tēvas;
(b) no account is given of vowels in final syllables, e.g., puķe;
(c) no account is taken of loan-words, e.g., bibliotēka;
(d) the loss of the phoneme [r] partially invalidates the distinction
between palatalized and other consonants, e.g., dzeru.
It is also misleading to the extent that it suggests
a purely environmental
explanation, whereas the facts would seem to point more to a combination
of environmental and categorial, as far as contemporary usage is concerned.
The present formulation attempts to meet objections (a), (b) and (d) above,
and to a lesser extent (c) also, although clearly a number of problems re-
Nouns and adjectives
The quality of an e in the final syllable of the
stem is determinable by the
environmental rules from the form of the accusative singular:
zēnu, sētu, mežu, ķešu,
akmeni, medu, telti, pelēku, svešu.
The e of a non-final stem syllable is similarly determinable:
In addition, we must specify that any e occurring
in a noun termination
Once established from the accusative singular, the quality of an e remains
unchanged throughout the declension, and in the case of adjectives, through-
out the degrees of comparison: hence bērni, bērniem, etc. One exception in-
volves feminine nouns in -s (c f. debesi, acc. sing.) where the expected pala-
talization of the final stem consonant in the genitive plural does not occur:
a stem e in such cases is often open, e.g., debesu, Cēsu, although an analogical
e is perhaps more common.
The relation between the accusative singular and the prediction of e
quality throughout the declension suggests at once that in general terms
each type of declension has its prevalent pattern, and that the declensions
are groupable into two types: zēns sēta, medus on the one hand, dēlis, mēle,
akmens, telts on the other. In syllables other than stem finals, e behaves
appropriately under the influence of what follows. The possibility that the
former pattern and the latter may sometimes conflict must be seriously
considered on the evidence of such pairs as vēsture and vēsture, etc., debesu
and debesu, etc. The pair spilvens and spilvens further auggests analogy across
declensional borders (cf .akmens), a possibility reinforced by the use of
-tiņš rather than -iņš as diminutive suffix for such nouns as spilvens and
Diminutives cause no special problem, and are readily explained by the
procedure outlined above. Similarly, most derived nouns:sētnieku, tēl-
niecību, etc. However, nouns formed with the prefixes bez, pret and ne are
exceptional, and will be considered later.
It should be noted that any noun or adjective in -erš ( <erš) would cause
difficulties: we have not found such a type.
As a general rule, we may state that in foreign words e is closed in spite of
environment: bibliotēku šefu, ar(c)hitektu, ektu, etc. However, when the e is
followed by r + consonant, e is often heard: laternu, personu, ercenģeli. While
this may be due to the pronunciation of the language of origin, often Ger-
man, other processes may be involved, and cannot be ruled out a priori. At
this stage we can only suggest these as general tendencies: closer study of
this aspect of the problem is needed before any definitive answers can be
In cardinals e is always closed, in spite of phonetic
sešus, septiņus, etc. In all other numerals environment is a reliable guide:
ceturto, sesto, septīto, četrējus, etc.
These exhibit only e: ,es, mēs, tevi, sev, etc.
It appears that all monosyllabic prepositions and postpositions
bez, zem, pret, pēc, dēļ. When used as noun prefixes, bez and pret are not
subject to environmental influence and retain e: bezdarbība, pretstats. Similar
immunity is shown by pret in the verb pretoties.
All monosyllabics seem to have e: bet, jeb, ne ...
ne, nedz; so too perhaps for
bisyllabics other than those in -mēr: neba, nekā , but kamēr.
Monosyllabics seem to have e, e.g., vēl, še,
te, sen, although pērn is a notable
Derived adverbs retain the e quality of the adjective, noun or preposition
on which they are based, e.g., lēni, lēnām, vēlu; piemēram; pēcāk. As for
conjunctions, the termination -mēr has ē: tomēr, vienmēr. Diminutives follow
environmental rules, e.g., lēnītiņām.
These appear on the whole to have e: jel, re, nez,
nē, ne. Like bez and pret, ne
used as a prefix is not subject to environmental influences, cf. neass, nelāga,
egcept when immediately followed by e or ē: neesmu, neesam, neērts.
As it was possible to ascribe dominant quality patterns
to nouns on the basis
of declensional type, so a similar division is useful for verbs, but on the basis
of tense rather than of conjugational type.
(a) Infinitive. E is here closed, unless the environment requires e: cf.
celt, nest, redz redzēt, meklēt, but melot, lēkāt.
(b) Present. E is open, unless the environment requires e. Concerning the
environment, however, it must be noted that r counts as a "closing" con-
sonant for First Conjugation verbs only, that the termination -ē (cf. meklē)
is closed, and that First Conjugation verbs lacking -i in the second person
singular must be deemed to behave as if an -i were present. Thus redzu,
meloju, nesu, but meklēju, ceļu, dzeru; redzi, (tu) nes, meklē, cel, dzer, but
melo; redz, (viņš) nes, but meklē, ceļ, dzer. We leave aside here verbs like pētīt
which are undergoing a change of conjugational type.
(c) Imperatives. The same rule applies (with the same additional notes
as for the present, e.g., redzi, redziet, nes, celiet, but melo, melojiet. Speakers
who do not follow the standard -at/-iet distinction between the indicative
and the imperative will have corresponding differences in the quality of e.
(d) Imperfect. In the First Conjugation, e is always closed; in the other
conjugations it is closed unless the environment requires e: metu, cēlu,
redzēju, meklēju, but meloju, lēkāju.
(e) Future. E is closed unless the environment requires e: metīs, cels,
redzēs , meklēs, but melos.
(f) Conditional. E is open unless the environment requires e: mestu
celtu, redzētu, meklētu, but secinātu.
(g) Past participle passive. E is open, unless the environment (excluding
inflections) requires e: celts, rdzēti, but medīts. Cf. the rules for adjectives
(h) Past participle active. E is open unless the environment requires e:
cēlusi, dzērušu, but redzējis, skrējusi.
(i) Present participles in -ošs and -ot. The quality of e is as for the first
person singular of the present: tekošs, redzot, but dzerot.
(j) Present participle in -am(s). The quality of e is as for the first person
plural of the present: redzam, melojam, but dzeram.
(k) Present participle in -dams. E is open unless the environment requires
e: nesdams, mezdams, redzēdams, but medīdams.
(I) Conjunctives. The present conjunctive takes its e quality from the
first person singular of the present indicative; the future conjunctive from
the first person singular of the future indicative: redzot but dzerot, dzeršot
(m) Debitives. The quality of e is as for the third person of the present
indicative: jānes, jāredz, but jādzer, jāmeklē.
The above considerations hold for reflexive as well as for active forms.
The negative particle ne (q. v.) has its own rules, independently of the verbal
form to which it is attached.
Clearly, the various verbal forms above fall into two major groups;
open unless necessarily closed and closed unless necessarily open. However,
the forms of the present and imperfect, with their rather more complex
behaviour, prevent such generalizations from being totally valid, although
the ad hoc adjustments that are required to handle these two tenses can be
simply stated, as in (b) and (d) above.
But even though a combination of the environmental and categorial
approaches can provide a better synchronic description than can the
environmental approach alone, certain difficulties remain. Nothing short
of an exhaustive list of adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions and interjections
can provide a basis for generalization about these classes. The problems
arising from verbs undergoing a change of conjugation represent additional
complications. More seriously, there appears to be no non-diachronic way
of distinguishing foreign loan-words.
The first of these is, in principle, easily resolved. With the passage of time,
the second may well resolve itself, but, unless widespread analogical changes
bring foreign loan-words into line with native patterns, the third is likely to
represent a very substantial stumbling-block to any description of the
Latvian e phonemes fully compatible with the exigencies of synchronic | <urn:uuid:210d5741-87c9-4943-b8b3-f00bdda5d33c> | 2013-05-23T18:44:49Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Sunday, June 13, 2010
Discussion Mooted: On Measuring Great Performances
Henceforth, the unit-measure for great performances shall be the "Toby Gerhart." Tim Howard's performance yesterday? One Toby Gerhart. Rajon Rondo's performance throughout the Cleveland evisceration? Two Toby Gerharts. Kobe against the Jazz? Two Toby Gerharts. Al Pacino in Godfather II? Three Toby Gerharts. Idris Elba in The Wire Season Three? Two Toby Gerharts. Done and done. | <urn:uuid:6e61c543-66b4-484b-9324-001567224043> | 2013-05-23T19:04:14Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Olive Oil (Extra Virgin, Pure or Light)
Garlic (fresh or roasted)
Chili(fresh or jar)
Add the spaghetti
to a VERY large pan of rapidly boiling water and cook until al dente
(still firm, but no hard bits). Drain and rinse with boiling water.
In the large
pan, heat oil and add garlic and chili. Cook for just a minute or
so, then remove from heat and toss with the cooked spaghetti.
Serve in large
pasta bowls, garnished with good freshly-shaved parmesan. That's
it! Serve with crusty bread to wipe up the excess oil.
Note: They say
that you can tell when spaghetti's cooked by throwing at the wall
- if it sticks, it's done. Hmmm. I think I'll stick to tasting it.
This is one
of the simplest and quickest dishes to cook, and if it's done well,
it's delicious. The key is to use good quality ingredients - especially
the Olive Oil, as that's the main feature of the dish - and DON'T
overcook the pasta. | <urn:uuid:6dab9d3e-ecb7-4bbb-8704-d517c0587386> | 2013-05-23T18:51:03Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Pope lived during a period of intense and varied scientific activities — the development of the microscope, and Newton's formulation of a theory explaining the gravitational basis of the universe, for example — which revealed a great deal about the nature of things: for Pope, these discoveries seemed to provide scientific corroboration for a crucially important concept which he expressed in various ways, but which can be expressed as the fundamentally conservative notion that the physical universe itself, and man's place in it, are aspects of an orderly Divine scheme of things which, though it is too vast for the merely human intellect to comprehend, is nevertheless both majestic and meaningful.
Pope's acceptance of this concept, and the ways in which he managed to incorporate it into his work, are revealing: contemporary scientific discoveries, that is, seemed to him to provide acceptable answers to questions which had previously been matters of religious faith or philosophical belief. With what questions does he seem to have concerned himself most? Much more so than darker and more sceptical figures like Swift or Johnson (who were in any case much more dubious about the validity of the very notion of scientific "progress") Pope seems to have regarded contemporary scientific and technological advances — those, at any rate, which could be incorporated into his belief-system — as being somehow reassuring.
Incorporated in the Victorian Web July 2000 | <urn:uuid:c2c268a0-ad4d-4be3-9695-a6d3667e90c1> | 2013-05-23T18:58:04Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Mitchell Reports | February 13, 2013
>>> the president appealed to the middle class with a litany of proposals last night. programs that he claims will not add a single dime to the deficit. joining me now with economic fact checking is "the new york times" david leonhardt and author of the new book "here's the deal." david , your response to the economic side of those proposals?
>> let's do one positive and one negative. the positive i would say, if you look at history, i think there's a lot of evidence for the idea that certain basic investments that if the government doesn't do them, the private sector won't do them are crucial to growth. which the president returned to. i think history supports that idea. education, science, research. if the government doesn't do it, no one will. and it's crucial to growth. and i think he's right about a lot of that. if you're going to make critique, i think he boasted about a number of things that are the product of a weak economy than any policy. he boasted about the idea that carbon admissions are down. he boasted about illegal immigration is down. health care costs have slowed. all of those are a mix of things but also that there's a weak economy and he's sort of taking credit for them.
>> in particular, the drop in foreign oil imports as the economy slowed, obviously, there was less need and more production on the natural gas side.
>> let's talk about "here's the deal" and some of your proposals and how you thing those can be tailored for the political realities of what we're facing. gridlock in washington . the sequester, the failure for any meaningful dialogue between the two political parties .
>> democracy is messy, right, this idea that they're going to be fine is misplaced. you hope you go three steps forward and two steps back. rather than two steps forward and three steps back. i think one of the real problems here is is that ordinary people look at washington and they say, what's going on? one of the things i try to argue is part of what's going on, washington is reflecting us. we want low taxes. we want medicare and social security that doesn't change. we want a strong military. and you put all of these things together and you end up with the deficit. so it's not just politicians that make choices, but we have to make choices about what kind of government do we want. we have to have one that adds up which two sides of the ledger balance .
>> where do you think the president stands in terms of entitlement reform? he says he can do it, there can be meaningful reform. is he really meaning on taking it on because that means taking on medicare ?
>> what he's done, he's put to the side medicaid. he thinks medicaid is krascratched. with medicare , he says he doesn't want to raise the retirement age, at least in the immediate term. he said he's open to two things. he didn't talk about it in the speech. but negotiations. one, he's changing the technical formula for social security . a lot of republicans favor that. and through his health care bill, he's in favor of trying to tweak medicare in little ways to try to have less waste and health care that doesn't make you healthier that the government pays for. basically, his attitude is, they could make some changes now. as we get down the road should we make more of them or fewer. and do the republicans want to get into medicare , given how incredibly popular it is.
>> david leonhardleonhardt. thank you. | <urn:uuid:201fdd89-a14c-4ff0-ba86-307983ac7173> | 2013-05-23T18:40:08Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Following the success of her Sundance award winning film HUMPDAY, Lynn Shelton weaves another compellingly human story in YOUR SISTER'S SISTER. Lost in an emotional funk one year after his brother's death, Jack (Mark Duplass) takes his best friend Iris (Emily Blunt) up on her offer for a reflective week of solitude at her family's remote island retreat. Upon arriving at the house, Jack discovers that Iris' sister Hannah (Rosemarie DeWitt) had the same idea, and the two spend an awkward evening together. Iris shows up the next morning unannounced, setting in motion an emotionally twisted tale of sisters, brothers, and best friends. Shelton once again honestly explores the complexities of interpersonal relationships while gently poking fun at her characters' predicaments. | <urn:uuid:fa15ea65-7096-49a7-9e7d-f7dc5fdd427b> | 2013-05-23T18:52:19Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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