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Which of the following carcinomas commonly presents with neck nodes - | null | 3 | Cricoid | Glottic | Epiglottis | Anterior commissure | ENT | null | 8acce29d-0ef5-42e4-bae8-74cba1354850 | single |
Criteria for diagnosis of SIRS is - | Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is an inflammatory state affecting the whole body. It is the body's response to an infectious or noninfectious insult. Although the definition of SIRS refers to it as an "inflammatory" response, it actually has pro- and anti-inflammatory components Ref Davidson 23rd editio... | 1 | Hea rate> 90/min | Raised CRP | Decreased BP | Decreased plasma | Medicine | Miscellaneous | cd118e69-cfbc-4cbf-87a9-8c3a325dbd44 | single |
Which of the following is an amphibolic pathway? | The citric acid cycle is not only a pathway for oxidation of two carbon units, but is also a major pathway for interconversion of metabolites arising from transamination and deamination of amino acids, and providing the substrates for amino acid synthesis by transamination, as well as for gluconeogenesis and fatty acid... | 2 | Glycolysis | Citric acid cycle | Gluconeogenesis | Glycogenolysis | Biochemistry | Metabolism of carbohydrate | fbd04480-fa63-49f8-bf4a-a5c259336544 | single |
Which of the following region is involved in Plummer-Vinson syndrome? | Predominantly, it affects females past 40 years. Barium swallow shows a web in the postcricoid region and the same can be seen on oesophagoscopy. It is due to subepithelial fibrosis in this region. (Ref: Textbook of diseases of ENT, PL Dhingra, 7th edition, pg no. 388) | 2 | Pyriform sinus | Post cricoid region | Valleculae | Posterior pharyngeal wall | ENT | Oral cavity & Oesophagus | 064910f2-2586-411d-b1a9-ea36ad6c79f9 | multi |
The following organism because of its easy culture methods is widely used as bacteriology indicator of water pollution- | Coliform oarganisms are used as indicators of faecal pollution rather than the water borne pathogens because: Coliform organisms are constantly present in abundance in human intestine. They are easily detected by culture methods as small as one bacteria in 100 ml of water whereas other methods of detecting pathogens ar... | 2 | Foecal streptococci | Escherichia coli | Clostridium perfringes | Salmonella Typhi | Social & Preventive Medicine | Environment and health | 04bbd3ee-990c-4a18-a095-953ee2dabef0 | single |
CNS involvement is most commonly associated with which group of congenital intrauterine infections: | CMV infection and Toxoplasmosis are the two most common intrauterine infections with frequent and serious CNS involvement. The group of CMV and Toxoplasmosis is therefore the single best answer of exclusion. Ref: Harrison 17th Edition, Page 1310, 1110; Vope's Neurology of the born 3rd Edition, Page 675, 685, 691 | 1 | CMV and Toxoplasmosis | Rubella and Toxoplasmosis | Rubella and HSV | CMV and Syphillis | Pediatrics | null | 9ff5d92c-1eb1-4883-a40a-8fee5145ece6 | single |
Chromosomal translocation in CML is: | 9:22 | 2 | 8:14 | 9:22 | 15:17 | 14:18 | Pathology | null | fadcba43-44b1-4b94-a3bf-1608b9a9a284 | single |
All the following mediate their action using cAMP as second messenger except: | D i.e. Vasopressin | 4 | Coicotropin | Dopamine | Glucagon | Vasopressin | Physiology | null | f541c546-b1ab-4698-9eb2-67fd08c9ff74 | multi |
What is column of Bertini in kidney? | null | 2 | Renal tumor | Tongue like papillary projection | Calculus | null | Surgery | null | 36868b6d-00e0-4a84-aa39-42fa6e1ceca0 | multi |
All of the following modalities can be used for in-situ ablation of liver secondaries, except – | Treatment modalities for liver secondaries
Liver transplant (in patients with single lesion < 5 cm or three or fewer, lesions < 3 cm)
Hepatic artery embolization & chemotherapy (chemoembolization)
Intralesional in situ ablation via ultrasound-guided
Percutaneous ethanol (alcohol) injection
Cryother... | 1 | Ultrasonic waves | Cryotherapy | Alcohol | Radio frequency | Radiology | null | 9acfa61d-8654-436b-9797-3debff013fd4 | multi |
All have beta lactam ring EXCEPT: | ANSWER: (B) LinezolidREF: Goodman and Gillman 11th edition page 780"Linezolid is a synthetic antimicrobial agent of the oxazolidinone class"The three classes of drugs which have beta lactam ring in its structure are:Penicillins consist of a thiazolidine ring connected to a b-lactam ring, to which is attached a side cha... | 2 | Penicillin | Linezolid | Cefotaxime | Imipenem | Pharmacology | Penicillin & Cephalosporin | 22e4684b-c670-4a36-9b40-f6cd1b78fe31 | multi |
Black colored pleural effusion is seen in: | Type of pleural effusion and appearance: Pseudochylothorax and chylothorax- Milky white Urinothorax- Urine Anaerobic empyema-Putrid Chylothorax-Bile stained Aspergillus infection-Black Empyema-Turbid Amebic liver abscess-"Anchovy" brown Esophageal rupture-Food paicles Ref: AJCC AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CRITICAL CARE, March ... | 4 | Anaerobic empyema | Pseudochylothorax | Amebic liver abscess | Aspergillus infection | Medicine | null | 6a593298-be72-41ce-8d30-e5259713e227 | single |
Isovolumetric relaxation is defined as | ‘Isovolumetric’ means the volume remains same. That occurs only when both the valves are closed. | 3 | Relaxation of both atria | Relaxation of both atria with all valves open | Relaxation of LV with mitral & aortic valve closed | All of the above | Physiology | null | 7b596068-cdf9-4624-bfd1-f06a6488c65f | multi |
Sibutramine is ? | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Endorphines Endorphins have major action on receptors. Enkephalins have major action on a receptors. Dynorphins have major action on c receptors. | 1 | Antithyroid drug | Antiobesity drug | Antimalarial drug | Antitubercoulous drug | Pharmacology | null | b6b5ebe0-ab79-4c1f-a62f-2765f1792adc | single |
Consumer protection act includes all, except – | Consumer protection act
For the first time in India, the consumer Protection Act 1986 provided consumers a forum for speedy redressal of their grievances against medical services.
According to this act, the decision should be taken within 3-6 months.
There is no court fee payment and the person can plead his own case.... | 3 | Passed in 1986 | Decision within 3-6 months | ESI hospitals not included | Right to safety | Social & Preventive Medicine | null | 99f1a527-bfa5-49a9-8261-a1fdee067593 | multi |
Which of Immunoglobulins is associated with allergic disorders ? | Ans. is 'd' i.e., IgE | 4 | IgG | IgM | IgA | IgE | Microbiology | null | 23f920a2-cee4-4b52-8c94-f7cd781caa8a | multi |
Example of Physiological Antagonism is: | Prostacydine-thromboxane | 2 | Heparin protamine | Prostacydine-thromboxane | Adrenaline-phenoxybenzamine | Physostigmine-acetylcholine | Pharmacology | null | f116292f-a14d-4d0c-be5f-f18142299f63 | single |
A 19 years old patient came to the out patient department with complaints of primary amenorrhea. She had well- developed breast and pubic hair. However there was absence of vagina and uterus but normal ovaries. Likely diagnosis is: | Ans. b. Mullerian agenesis (Ref: Shaw's Gynecology 14/256-257; Novak's Gynecology 14/1036)Mullerian agenesis is the cause of primary amenorrhea, which is characterized by absence of uterus /vagina, also known as Rokitansky-Kuster- Hausen syndrome.Most likely diagnosis in a 16-year old girl who presents with primary ame... | 2 | XYY | Mullerian agenesis | Gonadal dysgenesis | Klinefelter's syndrome | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Primary Amenorrhea | 3177f3fd-871d-4dc5-85e3-034b78cc7fbb | single |
Kiesselbach's plexus is situated on the : | Kiesselbach's plexus or Little's area is along the caudal nasal septum which forms the medial wall of nasal septum. It is the site of anastomosis of spheno palatine, greater palatine, anterior ethmoid and superior labial aery. It is the most common site of occurrence of epistaxis. Woodruff's plexus is an area on the la... | 3 | Medial wall of the middle ear | Lateral wall of the naso-pharynx | Medial wall of the nasal cavity | Laryngeal aspect of epiglottis | ENT | null | aca853c8-8156-434d-b892-83511afa36a5 | multi |
A primigravida is in second stage of labour since 1 hr. On examination the leading point of fetal skull is at +2 station and rotation is 450 sho. This can fuher be managed by | The patient fulfills the criteria for applying low forceps The criteria for applying low forceps - (1) Leading point of fetal skull at station+ 2 cm and not on the pelvic floor, (2) Rotation is 45o or less. If the fetal head is at station below this or rotation doesn't exceed 45o, then one can apply outlet forceps. A: ... | 2 | Applying outlet forceps | Applying low forceps | Applying mid forceps | Applying high forceps | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Labour - normal, abnormal, malposition, malpresentation and their management | 2abaf64a-2643-4659-b503-caabf820f273 | single |
Multi axis grinding process is used in | null | 1 | Hedstroem files | K files | K reamers | All of the above | Dental | null | 9f4a31fd-bef1-43dd-8bf8-3dd74628a002 | multi |
Which of the following can invade the IVC? | Ans. (a) Renal cell cancerRef. Campbell-Walsh Urology, 11th Edition, Pages 1337-38* Renal Cell Cancer invade the IVC and best evaluated by MRI | 1 | Renal cell carcinoma | Breast cancer | Bladder cancer | Head of pancreas cancer | Surgery | Kidney & Ureturs | e241875a-f925-4c8d-b695-f219af34b54f | single |
The following are true for T lymphocytes except - | The adaptive immune system consists of 2 types of lymphocytes: T-cells (70-80% of the adaptive immune force) and B cells (10-20% of the adaptive immune force).Antigens (triangular shapes above) are ingested (1), paially digested (2) and then presented to helper T cells by special cells called macrophages (3). This proc... | 2 | Constitute 70 to 80% circulating pool of lymphocytes | Release macrophage inhibition factor | Secrete specific antibodies | Release lymphotoxin | Microbiology | Immunology | 414f35fe-8666-4c95-8b83-c2c3539f8e07 | multi |
All are true about cryptococcus except -( | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Pseudohyphae Cryptococcus is a yeast, it does not form mycelium or pseudomycelium. Pseudomycelium is formed by yeast like fungi eg, candida. True mycelia are formed by moulds or filamentous fungi eg : dermatophytes. About other options Cryptococcus has polysaccharide capsule. It reproduces by simple b... | 3 | Polysaccharide capsule | Reproduces by budding | Pseudohyphae | All | Microbiology | null | dd82805f-f6a0-48ab-8ac2-022aaa8aeae0 | multi |
Which structure(s) passes behind the inguinal ligament: | . Femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve; B i.e. Femoral vein ; C i.e. Psoas major Ref: Gray&;s anatomy text book of anatomy BD chaurasia 21st Ed. | 4 | Femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve | Femoral vein | Psoas major | All | Anatomy | All India exam | 30336a76-c30e-4d2e-aefa-8056b8deabc5 | multi |
Nitrogen atoms in purines are derived from all except | The N atoms at positions 3 and 9 are derived from the amide nitrogen glutamine Ref-Sathyanarayana 4/e | 3 | Aspaate | Glutamine | THF | Glycine | Biochemistry | Metabolism of nucleic acids | 1d29b73b-c615-4a0f-9a26-3e10f2f0bf05 | multi |
The following drugs/methods are used for cervical ripening, except? | Prostaglandins, oxytocin, and stripping of membranes are usually done for cervical ripening. Other methods are Foley bulb catheter, early amniotomy, and late amniotomy. Ergometrine is used in promoting of contraction and involution of uterus after delivery. | 4 | Oxytocin | PGE | Stripping of membrane | Ergometrine | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | 5ed86ff6-7bad-4cd2-8d84-0e0758d297ef | multi |
which of the following can be used to differentiate between diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2? | Answer- D. All the aboveAge- <20 yearsAutoimmune destruction of Beta cells mediated by T cells and humoral mediators. Anti islet cell antibodies.Islet cells- Early Insulitis, marked atrophy and fibrosis, Beta cell depletion.Marked decrease blood insulin. | 4 | Association with All 3/4 | Presence or absence of insulitis | Insulin levels | All the above | Medicine | null | ecc9864a-c7e3-4e4f-92d1-656190de8569 | multi |
Kala azar cannot occur at an altitude of; | Kala-azar or Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a disease of low altitude (approximately 500 meters mean sea level). In India, however cases have been repoed from sub-Himalayan region (350-960 meters MSL) of Kumaon region of Uttaranchal. | 3 | 400 meters | 500 meters | 600 meters | 200 meters | Microbiology | FMGE 2019 | a76110c1-556a-4e96-b9d6-15e4adf8563b | single |
Renal artery stenosis is caused by all except | Ans: d (Beurger's disease) Ref: Harrison 17th p. 1555Renal artery stenosis is not caused by Beurger's disease.Renal artery stenosisCauses: - AtherosclerosisFibromuscular dysplasiaTakayasu arteritisAtherosclerosis is the most common cause of RAS in old patients.Takayasu arteritis (aortoarteritis) is the most common caus... | 4 | Atherosclerosis | Fibromuscular dysplasia | Takayasu arteritis | Beurger's disease | Medicine | Kidney | df7eaaa1-bd13-4282-8548-415ba7cc23cc | multi |
A patient with a cavitary lung lesion coughs up sputum that contains thin, acid-fast positive rods. Which of the following features would most likely be associated with these bacteria? | Mycobacteria, such as the causative organism of this patient's tuberculosis, are "acid fast" because they have an envelope that contains large amounts of lipids and even true waxes (unlike envelopes of other types of bacteria) that prevents the acid-fast stain (carbol fuchsin) from leaking out. The other characteristic... | 4 | Nutritional requirement for factors V and X | Streptokinase | Toxic shock syndrome toxin | Waxy envelope | Microbiology | null | 76f49ed8-0118-46c5-9b95-620f33c56d87 | single |
Eustachian tube opens - | Pharyngeal opening of Eustachian tube is situated 1.25 cm behind the posterior end of inferior turbinateQ. | 2 | Above superior turbinate | Behind posterior end of inferior trubinate | Anterior to inferior turbinate | Between superior and middle trubinate | Anatomy | null | 2666522e-341e-4d9f-8043-78568964408c | multi |
Frame shift mutation is caused by: | Frameshift Mutation:
Due to insertion or deletion of nucleotides that are not a multiple of three results in frameshift mutation.
Reading frame is garbled.
Reference- Harper 30th edition page 417 | 1 | Deletion | Point mutation | Substitution | Transversion | Biochemistry | null | aeea268b-a219-4ad1-a9de-505777a76f8c | single |
The following statement about ocular effects of congenital rubella syndrome is false | Ans. (a) Myopia is commonRef: Ghai pediatrics, p. 206Option a - CRS is associated with Micro-ophthalmia, thus causing Hypermetropia due to decreased axial lengthOption b - Lamellar cataract is found in CRS. Nuclear cataract is most common.Option c - Risk to the fetus closely related to the stage of gestation at the tim... | 1 | Myopia is common | Lamellar cataract is not most common | Ocular defect typically occurs with infection in the first trimester | It can cause salt and pepper fundus | Ophthalmology | Lens | 7b690ac8-2a24-411f-a5d0-457fced816fc | multi |
Protein-specific for smooth muscle contraction is | Calmodulin is the calcium binding protein in the smooth muscle. It is similar to troponin C of Skeletal muscle.(REF: TEXTBOOK OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY GEETHA N 2 EDITION, PAGE NO - 59) | 4 | Troponin | Tropomyosin | Myosin | Calmodulin | Physiology | General physiology | 2d7219b3-81f1-4b7f-88fb-7afbe1a463f5 | single |
All of the drugs are useful in typhoid EXCEPT: March 2013 | Ans. C i.e. Clindamycin Clindamycin It is used primarily to treat anaerobic infections caused by susceptible anaerobic bacteria, including dental infections, and infections of the respiratory tract, skin, and soft tissue, and peritonitis. In patients with hypersensitivity to penicillins, clindamycin may be used to trea... | 3 | Ampicillin | Ceftriaxone | Clindamycin | Quinolones | Pharmacology | null | 1ed60474-b3ad-4efa-91e0-c84f35d3f41b | multi |
Blount Disease is involvement of | Blount's disease is a progressive bow-leg deformity associated with abnormal growth of posterior-medial pa of proximal tibia. Ithas a triad: Internal Rotation of leg Tibia vara Hyperextension of the knee | 1 | Proximal tibia | Distal tibia | Proximal femur | Distal femur | Orthopaedics | FMGE 2018 | 9b805aad-ad46-4139-a68b-1c11a996d0a3 | single |
True/false. NCCT is the initial investigation of choice in any stroke patient. Hyperdense MCA sign is a sign of acute infarct on MRI. Thrombolysis is contraindicated in haemorrhagic stroke. DWI is the most sensitive sequence for acute stroke. Window period for iv thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke is 4.5 hours accor... | Stroke is characterised by decrease in blood flow to the brain. NCCT is the initial IOC for stroke patients to differentiate haemorrhagic stroke from ischemic stroke. DWI sequence on MRI is most sensitive for detection of acute infarct. Signs of acute infarct on NCCT- Hyperdense MCA sign Syln dot sign Obscuration of le... | 1 | TFTTT | TFFTT | TFTFF | TFFFT | Radiology | Radiology Q Bank | 63948925-ae6e-42e2-9386-0d52686adb8f | multi |
Which treatment goal is not included in the control phase of caries management? | Five phases of caries management
Urgent phase - management of pain, swelling, bleeding, infection before initiation of subsequent phases.
Control phase - eliminate active disease, remove conditions preventing maintenance, eliminate cause of the disease and begin preventive alternatives.
Reevaluation phase.
Definiti... | 3 | Eliminate active disease | Eliminate cause of disease | Manage symptoms like swelling and pain | Remove conditions preventing maintenance | Dental | null | 4a7a8857-22e9-48ce-b914-f63ac62f774b | single |
In the suppo of the child with severe ARDS, appropriate goals for pH, oxygenation, and PCO2 include: | This reflects the lung protection strategy with permissive hypercarbia. There is no need for hyperoxia, and PaO2 >90 mm Hg is a sign to reduce the FiO2 and thus potentially decrease the risk of oxygen toxicity. | 4 | pH 7.40; PaO2 90 mm Hg; PCO2 40 mm Hg | pH 7.50; PaO2 125 mm Hg; PCO2 25 mm Hg | pH 7.35; PaO2 100 mm Hg; PCO2 45 mm Hg | pH 7.25; PaO2 60 mm Hg; PCO2 60 mm Hg | Surgery | null | e315ec69-6335-4eac-88f9-a402b15458cf | single |
A patient with GUN SHOT injury to anterior abdomen presents . On evaluation he is hemodynamically unstable and shows signs of peritonitis. Initial management of patient should involve: | PENETRATING ABDOMINAL INJURIES: | 2 | FAST | Exploratory laparotomy | Local wound exploration and suturing | CECT abdomen | Surgery | Trauma | a9d42806-b73f-4383-9efa-80790ebfb8ee | multi |
Indications for Liver Transplantation include: | Answer is D All (All of the above) :Biliary atresia is an indication for Liver transplantation in children while primary Biliary Cirrhosis, Sclerosing cholangitis and Hematochromatosis an established indications for Liver transplantation in adultsIndication for Liver Transplantation:ChildrenBiliary atresiaNeonatal hepa... | 4 | Hemochromatosis | Primary Biliary Cirrhosis | Sclerosing cholangitis with ulcerative colitis | All | Medicine | null | f10020cd-5eaf-4bc1-b4db-97b7f9839bab | multi |
Which of the following statements about Delphi method is true – | Delphi method
Delphi method is a systemic, interactive forecasting method which relies on a panel of independent experts.
The first round of the delphi method essentially involves development of a questionnaire that are posted to members of the team experts.
The carefully selected experts answer questionnaires in two... | 4 | Method involves formation of a team to undertake and monitor a Delphi on a given subject | Selection of one or more panels to participate in the exercise. Customarily, the panelists are experts in the area to be investigated. | The first round in the Delphi method involves development of a questionnaire | All are true | Social & Preventive Medicine | null | 4aa7b2b8-4042-4802-9307-41557c858ba9 | multi |
A patient came with complaints of having a deformed nose and also complained that nobody takes him seriously because of the deformity of his nose. He has visited several cosmetic surgeons but they have sent him back saying that there is nothing wrong with his nose. He is probably suffering from- | This patient is having delusional dysmorphophobia. | 3 | Hypochondriasis | Somatization | Delusional disorder | OCD | Psychiatry | null | 1f0be7c4-3e4d-4d3d-8842-e2d49857aa27 | single |
TRUE statement about nonrenal cause of hypokalemia among the following is: | Hypokalemia can be due to increased loss. Non renal causes are 1. Gastrointestinal loss (Diarrhea) 2. Integumentary loss (Sweat) MUST KNOW: The loss of K+ in sweat is very low except in extremes of physical exeion Direct gastric losses of K+ is also minimal (Vomiting, NG aspiration) It can lead to hypochloremic alkalos... | 2 | Loss of K in sweat is a usual cause of hypokalemia | Direct gastric losses of K+ due to vomiting or nasogastric suctioning is minimal | Hypochloremic alkalosis due to vomiting results in persistent kaliuresis due to secondary hypoaldosteronism | Colonic pseudo-obstruction (Ogilvie's syndrome) is due to hyperkalemia | Medicine | null | 32b4b432-5513-43d6-ae63-9d31de487362 | multi |
The following statement about pilonidal sinus is true: | Ans. (d) Treatment of choice is surgical excision of sinus tract* MC in males* Acquired due to entry of hair follicles into skin.* Prognosis is good after surgery* Recurrence is common but there are surgeries for recurrent Jeeper's bottom like - Limberg's flap and Bascom technique | 4 | More common in females | Mostly congenital | Prognosis after surgery is poor | Treatment of choice is surgical excision of sinus tract | Surgery | Rectum | 7bd2c979-56ac-404f-8ea0-5a23a6958007 | multi |
A 5 yr old boy presented to the ER with vomiting and abdominal distension. Abdominal imaging showed mass in the ileocecal region. Histopathological examination of biopsy from the region showed diffuse infiltrate of lymphoid cells admixed with macrophages giving a 'starry-sky' appearance. Which of the following transloc... | t(11;14)/CyclinD1-IGH translocation is a feature of Mantle cell lymphoma. The given case has features suggestive of Burkitt lymphoma. In Burkitt lymphoma, involved tissues are effaced by a diffuse infiltrate of intermediate-sized lymphoid cells. Cells have high mitotic index, numerous apoptotic cells are seen The apopt... | 4 | t(2;8) | t(8;22) | t(8;14) | t(11;14) | Pathology | Non Hodgkin Iymphoma | c566cbf7-1ad4-4944-b624-f0b532439e9d | single |
Questionnaire is to check toxicity after - | Questionnaire is to check toxicity after alcohol intake REF;THE SYNOPSIS OF FORENSIC MEDICINE:KS NARAYANA REDDY;28th EDITION; | 1 | Alcohol | Nicotine | Opium | Heroine | Forensic Medicine | Poisoning | 8f483ac1-1f3e-419f-8d14-7377266cb53f | single |
Reversal of lead foil on X-ray film may appear as: | Reversal of lead foil on X-ray film: Herring bone / Embossed tram track pattern. | 3 | Herring bone | Embossed tram track pattern | Both 1 and 2 | null | Radiology | null | c2843a12-4366-4654-99c8-4d640fcff6df | multi |
A patient has acute abdominal pain with blood and mucus in stool with palpable mass per abdomen is due to - | A syndrome of colicky pain, passage of blood per rectum and a palpable mass (the intussuscepted segment) is characteristic of intussusception. | 3 | Meckels diverticulum | Volvulus | Intussusception | Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis | Surgery | null | 68918b46-2f05-4261-b936-0f1fd7a6c8f3 | single |
Antibodies in ITP are - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., IgG IDOPATHIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURAo There are two clinical subtypes of primary I.T.P, acute and chronic both are autoimmune disorders in which platelet destruction results from formation of antiplatelet antibodies.Pathogenesiso Chronic I TP is caused by the formation of autoantibodies against plat... | 1 | IgG | IgM | IgE | IgD | Pathology | Autoimmune Diseases | 0634b351-e651-472d-a03e-1717dd256f00 | single |
On accident there is a damage if cervical spine, first line of management is- | "initial care at the accident scene may be critical to survival. The first steps are to establish an airway, maintain oxygenation and immobilize the cervical spine". *Many of the spinal injury patients are multiple trauma victims and therefore require emergency treatment. *The treatment priorities are preserving life(1... | 3 | X- ray | Turn head to side | Maintain airway | Stabilise the cervical spine | Anatomy | Spinal injuries | bda19d9d-9fc9-4332-90a7-fe5288be32e5 | single |
Speed of rabies virus in axon is? | The movement of virus in the axon is passive at a speed of about 3mm per hour. REF:ANANTHANARAYAN AND PANIKER'S TEXTBOOK OF MICROBIOLOGY 9TH EDITION PAGE NO-532 | 2 | 1 mm per hour | 3 mm per hour | 5 mm per hour | 7 mm per hour | Microbiology | Virology | 6e356d73-bb9d-422b-8efd-1e1bf5b62d43 | single |
Nephrotoxicity of fluoride is: | null | 3 | 400-500 μg/dl | 800-900 μg/dl | 850-950 μg/dl | 1000-1200 μg/dl | Dental | null | 566862fe-c28e-462d-9192-e24c4b9cc040 | single |
All are markers of Wilms' tumor except: | Wilms tumor Marker of Triphasic tumor. 3 components d/t abnormal mesenchymal differentiation : Blastemal Epithelial Stromal Various markers: Desmin - Muscle cell tumor Vimentin - Mesenchymal cell tumor marker Cytokeratin - Epithelial cell tumor marker TTF-1 (thyroid transcription factor): Lung cancer Thyroid cancer. Ad... | 3 | Desmin | Vimentin | TTF 1 | Cytokeratin | Pathology | Wilms Tumor | 12eaaade-5d87-4fa0-91a1-46245dbae426 | multi |
The first centres of ossification appears during which month of pregnancy? | A i.e. At the end of 2nd month of pregnancy Clavicle is the first bone in the body to sta ossifyingQ and is ossified from 3 centres. The shaft of clavicle is ossified from 2 (medical & lateral) primary centres, which appear between the 5th & 6", weeks of intra uterine lifeQ, and fuse about the 45th day meeting between ... | 1 | At the end of 2nd month of pregnancy | At the beginning of 3rd month of pregnancy | At the end of 3rd month of pregnancy | At the end of 4th month of pregnancy | Anatomy | null | 390c6227-7f7d-4237-b57c-af97cba2efad | single |
Which naevi commonly predispose to malignant melanoma ? | Malignant transformation is rare and occurs in the following situations: Congenital melanocytic naevi:6% of lesions undergo malignant change , risk of malignant transformation is greater in giant lesions. Dysplastic naevus syndrome: in melanoma prone families. From illustrated synopsis of dermatology and sexually trans... | 3 | Dermal | Junctional | Congenital | Lentigo | Dental | Skin tumors | ddecfad4-5757-48b6-9e22-8f9baadabaa6 | single |
Retinoblastoma is seen in - | Ans. is 'a1 i.e., Children RETINOBLASTOMAo Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular tumor in children. The tumor is confined to infancy and very young children (1-2 years). There is no sex predisposition. Retinoblastoma is unilateral in 70-75% of cases and bilateral in 25-30% of cases.Etiologyo Retinoblastoma gene... | 1 | Children | Adults | Old age | At any age | Ophthalmology | Intra Ocular Tumour | 60a09605-4fd0-4d6e-a038-8745fb95f30d | single |
Window period" in HIV is defined as - | Window period is a period between entry of virus to appearance of detectable Ab in serum | 2 | Period between infection and appearance of symptoms | Period between onset of infection and clinically detectable level of antibodies | Time between HIV positivity to AIDS | CD4 count <200 | Medicine | null | 769f3b04-6b69-48db-b1d2-4914444cf473 | multi |
Telefona refers to? | .Ans. (c) Beating on both earsRef: Reddy 5th ed. / 257 | 3 | Pulling of hairs | Beating of soles | Beating on both ears | Beating on head | Forensic Medicine | Injuries | 1c252ba7-5eca-4093-9c38-d4156570ce95 | multi |
The function of wetting agents used in casting procedures is | The surface of a wax pattern that is not completely wetted investment results in surface irregularities in the casting that destroy its accuracy.
These irregularities can be minimized by applying a surface-active wetting agent on the wax.
The function of the wetting agent is to reduce the contact angle of a liquid with... | 3 | To facilitate wetting of ring liner | To facilitate mixing investment | To reduce contact angle of a liquid with the wax surface | For better wax elimination | Dental | null | 79fd1474-3a34-448e-ae06-615c11b0901e | single |
Given type of skull is seen in | Cephalic Index ( CI ) of various race groups:Type of skullCIRace groupsDolico-cephalic (long-headed)70 - 75Pure Aryans, Aborigines, NegroesMesaticephalic (medium headed)75- 80Europeans and ChineseBrachycephalic (sho-headed)80-85Mongolian | 2 | Mongolians | Pure Aryans | Chinese | Europeans | Microbiology | All India exam | ba6890b7-cfc3-4a57-8c8e-6cd5dc682fc4 | single |
Which among the following is the commonest site of feilisation in uterine tubes? | The uterine tubes, or oviducts, or Fallopian tubes are two muscular tubes with considerable mobility, each measuring about 12 cm in length. Each has a funnel-shaped end, the infundibulum, opening into the peritoneal cavity next to the ovary and with a fringe of finger like extensions called fimbriae. The sequence of re... | 2 | Isthmic | Ampulla | Infundibulum | Interstitial | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | 31b1f6a6-6182-4a05-874c-59b6eb6cc5de | single |
DOC for anaphylaxis is - | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Adrenaline Treatment of anaphylactic shock* First adrenaline should be given im to raise the blood pressure and to dilate the bronchi.* If the treatment is delayed and shock has developed, adrenaline should be given i.v. by slow injection.* The adrenaline should be accompanied by H1 antihistaminic (Ch... | 2 | Morphine | Adrenaline | Hydrocortisone | Chlorpheniramine | Pharmacology | D.O.C | 73a0fdf2-658c-4c38-8f41-ffdd24a3f41f | single |
Investigation of choice for Zenker&;s diveiculum is - | Barium swallow is the contrast study from oral cavity upto the fundus of stomach. Indications : Dysphagia and obstruction Motility disorders of esophagus. Assessment of site of esophageal perforation Zenker's diveiculum and cricoid webs. Contraindications : Tracheo esophageal fistula Esophageal perforation | 1 | Barium swallow | Endoscopy | Esophageal manometry | CT | Radiology | GIT and hepatobiliary system | d57ab0d2-a305-4d5f-aa6f-09eda55a0873 | multi |
Norepinephrine to epinephrine conversion requires which enzyme: | Ans:A.)Phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferaseMethylation of norepinephrine by S-adenosyl-methionine gives epinephrine, reaction being catalysed by phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT)It is an enzyme found in the adrenal medulla that conves Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline) t... | 1 | Phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase | Transaldolase | Tyrosine hydroxylase | Alpha ketoglutarate | Biochemistry | null | 36be970c-b532-4d05-8687-c220ecabf9d1 | single |
The 'beading' appearance is seen in the condition: | In chronic pancreatitis, the pancreatic duct may show beading or a chain-of-lakes or string-of-pearls appearance because of alternating stenosis and dilatation of the pancreatic duct. Other features of chronic pancreatitis include strictures, cysts and ductal calculi. | 1 | Chronic pancreatitis | Acute pancreatitis | Gall stone ileus | Sub-acute intestinal obstruction | Surgery | null | dd23f56d-4f0a-4c22-a456-56e5aba6a1d7 | multi |
Which of the following is not responsible for the generation of Reactive Oxygen Species? | ROS are produced normally in small amounts in all cells during the reduction-oxidation (redox) reactions that occur during mitochondrial respiration and energy generation.
Free radical-mediated cell injury is seen in many circumstances, including chemical and radiation injury, hypoxia, cellular aging, tissue injury cau... | 3 | Reperfusion of ischemic tissues | Mitochondrial respiration and energy generation | Presence of Fe+++ ions | Respiratory burst | Pathology | null | fa338597-d5a4-49e4-9a98-fd0be102d2c6 | single |
Protozoa associated with megaesophagus | Megaesophagus and megacolon occur as complications of chronic Chagas disease.
T. cruzi causes Chagas' disease
Chaga's disease
1. Acute form
Occurs in infants and children.
Presents with fever, unilateral face swelling, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly and chagoma (Localized swelling of the skin).
2. Chronic form
Oc... | 1 | Trypanosome | Amoeba | Giardia | Gnathostoma | Microbiology | null | 77a59eb2-1bff-4497-bca6-2c08785a671c | single |
Teardrop sign is seen in: Kerala 08; JIPMER 08; Maharashtra 09 | Ans. Fracture floor of orbit | 3 | Fracture medial wall of orbit | Fracture lateral wall of orbit | Fracture floor of orbit | Fracture roof of orbit | Forensic Medicine | null | a3b20ac9-c9de-47f3-bd93-91fbe34499da | multi |
The lymphatics of vulva: | Lymphatic Drainage of Reproductive Tract:
Uterine Corpus –
1. Fundus-Para-aortic lymph nodes
2. Cornu-Superficial inguinal
3. Body-External Iliac L N
Cervix 1. Paramatrial
2. Internal iliac group
3. Obtruator group
4. External iliac group
5. Sacral
All these drain into common iliac and superior lumbar group
Fallop... | 3 | Do not freely communicate with each other | Do not cross the labiocrual fold | Transverse the labia from medial to lateral margin | Drain directly into the deep femoral glands | Unknown | null | 54251cd8-dd2a-49d3-8859-d94866ff4fde | single |
Most common cause of female pseudohermaphroditism is: | Ans. is d, i.e. Congenital adrenal hyperplasiaRef: Dutta Gynae 4th/ed, p404; Williams Gynae 1st/ed, p409; Novak 14th/ed, p102Most common cause of female Pseudohermaphroditism is Congenital adrenal hyperplasia | 4 | Virilizing ovarian tumor | Ovarian dysgenesis | Exogenous androgen | Congenital adrenal hyperplasia | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Sex Intersexuality | 45fd6118-4b7e-43dd-a79b-0e097e37fdb7 | single |
Michaelis Gutmann bodies are seen in - | Robbins basic pathology 6th edition. chapter The lower urinary tract. page no. 1002. answer is Malacoplakia. laminated mineralized concretions known as michaelis gutmann bodies are typically present both within macrophages and between cells. It is a vesical inflammatory reaction characterised macroscopically by soft,ye... | 2 | Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis | Malakoplakia | Nail patella syndrome | none of these | Pathology | General pathology | b146b642-58bd-486e-a981-1c1716ac0676 | multi |
Not seen in distal radial nerve injury is? | In front of the arm, the radial nerve supplies brachioradialis, brachialis and extensor carpi radial is longus. Dorsum of the forehand is supplied by the superficial branch of the radial nerve. In cubital fossa, the radial nerve divides into superficial and deep branches. Deep branch supplies extensor carpi radialis br... | 1 | Inability to extend fingers | Weakness fo extensor carpi radialis brevis | Loss of sensations over dorsum of hand | Paralysis of Brachiradialis | Anatomy | Upper limb | 5444e1ad-45a5-4523-bf94-5f07b7a63083 | single |
The amino acid which is associated with atherosclerosis is : | Answer is B (Homocysteine) There is a strong positive correlation between atherosclerosis and circulating levels of Homocysteine'' Hyperhomocysteinemia has been most consistently linked with atherosclerosis and coronary thrombotic events "Patient with clinical and angiographic evidence of coronary aery disease tend to ... | 2 | Lysine | Homocysteine | Cysteine | Alanine | Medicine | null | 8d72108e-9f58-4a64-b0ec-37b294e06242 | single |
All enveloped RNA viruses belong to one large group except- | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Herpes . Influenza, paraintluenza and mumps belong to myxovirus. | 4 | Influenza | Parainfluenza | Mumps | Herpes | Microbiology | null | 177fe89c-64bd-435f-8771-1e2a58956fce | multi |
An acute inflammation would attract | null | 3 | Monocytes | Plasma cells | Neutrophils | Eosinophils | Pathology | null | a2b2de43-3320-4223-89d1-20c4507a0496 | single |
All of the following structures are homologous except | The epoophoron also known as organ of Rosenmuller, represents the cranial end of Wolffian duct. It consists of series of veical tubules in the mesovarium and mesosalpinx between the fallopian tube above and ovary below SHAW&;S TEXTBOOK OF GYNAECOLOGY,Pg no:12,15th edition | 3 | Labia majora - Scrotum and Penile urethra duct | Labia minora - Ventral aspect of penis | Epoophoron - Caudal end of wolffian duct | Clitoris - Glans penis | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Congenital malformations | 602ea1c4-4c37-45ba-af91-e8bef019c67a | multi |
Blood transfusion is indicated in following conditions associated with sickle cell anemia: | Ans. is d, i.e. All of the aboveRef. Fernando Arias 4/e, p 238Prophylactic blood transfusions are not routinely advocated in all pregnant females with sickle cell anemia.Indications:1. Frequent severe sickling episodes.2. Low hematocrit levels.3. Twin pregnancy.4. Poor past obstetrical history.Target: HbS levels become... | 4 | Frequent sickling episodes | Twin pregnancy | Poor obstetrical outcome | All of the above | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Physiological changes during Pregnancy | 1dac078f-f689-4e48-9a67-3f057ef8e237 | multi |
Glucuronidation takes place in - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Liver GLUCLROMDATIONo This is the most important synthetic reaction carried out by a group of UDP-glucuronosyl transferases (UGTs).o Glucuronidation occurs mainly in the liver, although the enzyme responsible for its catalysis, UDP-glucuronvltransferase, has been found in all major body organs (e.g., ... | 1 | Liver | RBC | Pancreas | Thyroid | Pharmacology | Pharmacokinetics | 4905d386-8584-4fb1-b53f-ad501b93d4e0 | single |
Drug not used for multiple myeloma is - | Drugs used in multiple myeloma include boezomib(proteasome inhibitor) & lenalidomide( a derivative of thalidomide ) as first line treatment .In older patients ,thalidomide combined with melphalan & prednisolone is used. Thalidomide has both anti-angiogenic effects against tumour blood vessels & immunomodulatory effects... | 3 | Boezonib | Lenalidomide | Methotrexate | Prednisone | Medicine | Haematology | 5eec45ae-b235-4b03-8c6f-3364abf3d31f | single |
A 42-year-old woman undergoes a face lift. Two days later, she presents for follow-up care with confluent bluish hemorrhages in the skin around her eyes ("black eyes"). Which of the following best describes this pattern of superficial skin hemorrhage? | Ecchymosis is a larger superficial hemorrhage in the skin. Following hemorrhage, the initially purple discoloration of the skin turns green and then yellow before resolving. This sequence of events reflects the progressive oxidation of bilirubin released from the hemoglobin of degraded erythrocytes. A "black eye" is a ... | 1 | Ecchymosis | Hematocephalus | Maculopapular rash | Petechiae | Pathology | Hemodynamics | 9cff4457-d4cf-4ee8-b4a5-384a1fe95e1c | single |
Veroca.) bodies are seen in: | Ans. d. Schwannoma | 4 | Meningioma | Hemangioma | Glioma | Schwannoma | Pathology | null | 59e0e169-94c3-4bed-a5e6-77ac9f3eca88 | single |
Most common site of spontaneous rupture of esophagus is? | Cardio esophageal junction REF: With text "Spontaneous rupture of the esophagus is probably related to the violent pressure excursions which occur at the cardioesophageal junction during emesis" REF: Cole and Zollinger textbook of surgery 9th edition page 719 "Spontaneous rupture almost always occurs on the left side o... | 2 | Cricopharyngeal junction | Cardio esophageal junction | Mid esophagus | After the crossing of arch of aoa | Surgery | null | 6c0ffe29-13c3-4912-b679-65e4c6fd723f | single |
All of the following conditions are associated with raised ANCA except | Classification of vasculitis Large vessel vasculitis *Giant cell (temporal) aeritis - seen in >50yrs of age*Takayasu aeritis - seen in <50yrs of age Medium vessel vasculitis *Polyaeritis nodosa - necrotizing inflammation of renal vessels. Spares pulmonary vessels. *Kawasaki disease - seen in <5yrs of age Small vessel v... | 2 | Wegener granulomatosus | Polyaeritis nodosa | Microscopic poly angitis | Churg strauss syndrome | Pathology | Cardiovascular system | 5643c3fe-2e19-4830-a955-25224bf41756 | multi |
What is the recommended daily dose of fluoride for the 3 to 12 years old child? | null | 3 | 1/4 mg | 1/2 mg | 1 mg | 2 mg | Dental | null | 931a0877-bc49-40d8-8482-d8c8851fa121 | single |
Behçet’s syndrome all are true except | null | 4 | Multisystem disease believed to represent immunodysfunction in which vasculitis is a prominent feature. | Oral and genital aphthous-type ulcers, conjunctivitis, uveitis (inflammation of the layers of the eye), arthritis, headache, and other CNS manifestations. | Treated with corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive drugs. | None of the above is exception to Bechet’s syndrome. | Pathology | null | 3fe6aed4-8d2d-435e-932c-04c644be7e01 | multi |
A child with diarrhea has deep & rapid respiration. Most likely diagnosis is: | Diarrhoea- lose of bicarbonate in stool- causes normal anion gap metabolic acidosis. Deep & rapid respiration- compensatory mechanism | 3 | Respiratory acidosis | Respiratory alkalosis | Metabolic acidosis | Metabolic alkalosis | Pediatrics | FMGE 2018 | 66b58816-1dd0-4bb3-9f75-2b47695031bc | single |
Butchers' was are caused by: | Occupational handlers of meat, poultry or fish have a high incidence of hand was where the skin is in prolonged contact with moist animal flesh. HPV-2 is frequently found in butchers' was, but HPV-7 is present in a third to a half of lesions. Ref: Rook's textbook of dermatology, 8th edition, Pg 33.47 | 1 | HPV 2 | HPV 6 | HPV 27 | HPV 56 | Skin | null | 9613bc75-8f27-4af6-a236-f5dd2b400f80 | single |
The following ECG with ST elevation on VI V2 is associated with the diagnosis of | (A) Hyperkalemia # ST Elevation:> Most important cause of ST segment elevation is acute Ischemia.> Other causes are: Early repolarization Acute pericarditis: ST elevation in all leads except aVR Pulmonary embolism: ST elevation in V1 and aVR Hypothermia: ST elevation in V3-V6, II, III and aVF Hypertrophic cardiomyopath... | 1 | Hyperkalemia | Hypokalemia | Hyperthermia | Hypercalcemia | Medicine | Miscellaneous | 331f242a-cd2d-4010-8218-c62e3c33a630 | single |
Which of the following metabolic abnormality is seen with long term use of loop diuretics? | By inhibiting salt reabsorption in the TAL, loop diuretics increase delivery to the collecting duct. Increased delivery leads to increased secretion of K+ and H+ by the duct, causing hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis. This toxicity is a function of the magnitude of the diuresis and can be reversed by K+ replacement and c... | 2 | Metabolic acidosis | Metabolic alkalosis | Hyperkalemia | None of the above | Pharmacology | null | 5255565c-7400-4675-ba0e-62e95869a797 | multi |
The CAGE questionnaire is to check toxicity after - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Alcohol o The CAGE questionnaire is a tool used to assess individuals for potential alcohol problems, including dependence. It is useful because it involves 4 simple questions, of which only 2 need to be answered positively for the individual to be indicated as possibly alcohol dependent. Do you ever ... | 1 | Alcohol | Nicotine | Opium | Heroine | Unknown | null | 0f44e0e0-b129-48a9-8b21-72ac84b989ff | single |
All are capsulated bacteria except- | null | 2 | Neisseria meningitidis | Corynebacterium diphtheriae | Haemophilus | Streptococcus salivarius | Microbiology | null | af44b8e1-19d6-471b-a63b-589bbae336cb | multi |
A 10-year-old child becomes ill while visiting relatives farm and complained of severe abdominal cramps with vomiting and diarrhea and profuse lacrimation and salivation.Pupillary constriction is marked. The most likely cause is exposure to | ANTICHOLINESTERASES Anticholinesterases (anti-ChEs) are agents which inhibit ChE, protect ACh from hydrolysis--produce cholinergic effects. ANTICHOLINESTERASE POISONING Anticholinesterases are used as agricultural and household insecticides; accidental as well as suicidal and homicidal poisoning is common. muscarinic m... | 2 | Herbicides | Insecticides | Lead-based paint | Rat poison | Pharmacology | Autonomic nervous system | 262cf2e1-2c78-4024-a346-50dc0e4fdb7f | single |
A patient comes in dental office for routine dental check up. His upper central incisor which is root canal treated 6 months ago, shows a Periapical radiolucency, but the patient has no previous radiographs of the lesion. Treatment at this time: | null | 1 | No treatment, observe | Redo the RCT | Make a Post and Core | Do apicoectomy | Dental | null | 5b6fdc8c-ca35-430a-9e91-577adca5e8cb | single |
Secretory phase of endometrium is due to which hormone? | Ref: Guyton, 12th edition, Page 995 and Essentials of Medical Physiology By Khurana, Page 509Explanation:PHASES OF ENDOMETRIAL CYCLEThe endometrial cycle of 28 days can be divided into three phases:o Menstrual Phase (1-5 days)o Proliferative Phase (6-14 days)o Secretory Phase (15-28 days).(See table on the next page) | 2 | Estrogen | Progesterone | Prolactin | Pregnenediol | Physiology | Sex Hormones | af0f70fc-37d3-4d1e-8919-5155306a962e | single |
A village affected with epidemic of cholera, what is the lsl step which should to be taken in the village to decrease the chances of death from cholera: | Ans. (a) Safe water supply & sanitationRef K. Park 23rded. /232-33* Cholera is an acute diarrheal disease caused by Vibrio cholerae.* I.P.-1-2 days* First step in epidemic of cholera: Verification of diagnosis* First line treatment of choice: water and electrolyte replacement.* In the given question, safe water supply ... | 1 | Safe water supply & sanitation | Cholera vaccination to all individuals | Primary Chemoprophylaxis | Treat everyone in the village with tetracycline | Social & Preventive Medicine | Cholera | 5fdf661f-b19a-45c1-9d1a-f76471a8d9f2 | multi |
A 60-year diabetic & hypeensive male with second-grade prostatism admitted for prostatectomy developed myocardial infarction. Treatment now would be - | This patient needs medical treatment to relieve him of symptoms of prostatism (now better k/a LUTS i.e. lower urinary tract symptoms) Two classes of drugs are commonly used for BPH a Adrenergic blockers - eg. Prazosin, Terazosin (a1 blockers) & Tamsulosin, Alfuzosin (a1a blockers) 5a reductase inhibitors - eg. Finaster... | 2 | Finasteride | Terazocin | Finasteride and terazocin | Diethyl stilbestrol | Anatomy | Urology | bd797b69-3241-4141-8b82-722869bc01b3 | single |
Choose the appropriate lettered site or structure in this CT scan of the thorax. Takes its origin from the left ventricle and ends at the sternal angle? | (d) The ascending aorta takes its origin from the left ventricle and ends at the level of the sternal angle by becoming the arch of the aorta. | 4 | A | B | C | D | Anatomy | Thorax | 7dd95586-573e-4c8d-bb5d-c59648a15efb | single |
Following statements regarding bromergocriptine are true, except: | Bromocriptine is a potent dopamine agonist that has levodopa like actions in the CNS. It can produce central inhibition of postural reflexes and has weak alpha adrenergic blocking activity thus can cause postural hypotension. In normal individuals it increases release of growth hormone, however decreases it in acromega... | 3 | It may produce postural hypotension. | It can decrease growth hormone release in acromegalic patients. | It can prevent emesis. | It has levodopa like actions in the CNS. | Pharmacology | null | 23eeab1e-a929-4b7f-ae20-b383605029d5 | multi |
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