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Epinephrine is most closely related in structure to: | null | 2 | Niacin | Tyrosine | Methionine | Glycerol | Physiology | null | ad8abc06-3628-4b4b-acd0-45ba1a82edb4 | single |
True about adrenocoical carcinoma: | ADRENOCOICAL CARCINOMARare tumor>50% are functional.Cushing's syndrome is most commonly seen, followed by virilization.Capsular or vascular invasion is the most reliable sign of cancer. | 4 | Rare tumor | More than half are functional | Most commonly associated with Cushing syndrome | All of the above | Surgery | Parathyroid and adrenal glands | 432adb86-a032-48af-9ecd-8a9df69be63f | multi |
Superior pulmonary sulcus carcinomas (Pancoast tumors) are bronchogenic carcinomas that typically produce which of the following clinical features? | Pancoast tumors are peripheral bronchogenic carcinomas that produce symptoms by involvement of extrapulmonary structures adjacent to the cupula. These structures include the nerve roots of C8 and T1, as well as the sympathetic trunk. Interruption of the cervical sympathetic trunk leads to miosis, ptosis, and anhidrosis... | 2 | Atelectasis of the involved apical segment | Horner syndrome | Pain in the T4 and T5 dermatomes | Nonproductive cough | Surgery | Heart & Pericardium | 0b0c1fb0-5055-41cf-89cc-4c7b1a088139 | multi |
Which of the following is the mechanism of action of local anaesthetic? | preventing channel activation and inhibiting the Na influx associated with membrane depolarization. Local anesthetic binding to Na channels does not alter the resting membrane potential. With increasing local anesthetic concentrations, an increasing fraction of the Na channels in the membrane bind a local anesthetic mo... | 1 | Block Na+ channel | Block K+ channel | Open Na+ channel | Block Ca++ channel | Anaesthesia | null | 207a668f-8dbc-4423-8e24-537720048cae | single |
What is epoophoron? | Epoophoron also known as organ of rossenmullar is a vestigal remanat of the cranial end of the mesonephros or the wollfian body. It is situated above the ovary. Caudal end of the wollfian body gives rise to paraoophoron situated between the uterus and ovary. It can form paraovarian cyst. Ref: Testbook of gynaecology By... | 2 | Urogenital sinus | Remnants of the wollfian duct | Unfused poion of wollfian duct | Vestigeal structure of urogenital sinus | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | a3846fcd-cd50-4e38-b68a-632ac3db4df2 | single |
A 10-year old child with Valvular hea disease on hea failure treatment, has the following ECG tracing. What is the diagnosis? | Hea rate of the patient is 50bpm . ECG tracing shows normal sinus rhythm alternating with premature ventricular contraction. This is diagnostic of ventricular bigeminy which is the most common arrhythmia seen with digoxin toxicity. | 2 | Tall tented T wave | Ventricular bigeminy | Non paroxysmal atrial tachycardia with irregular AV block | Non paroxysmal atria tachycardia with regular AV block | Medicine | Hea Sounds | 50694e90-1df2-46b1-a176-b11a01660688 | multi |
What is deposited in band keratopathy | Answer- B. CaPO4Band keratopathy is characterized by the deposition ofcalcium and phosphorus salts (especially hydroxyapatite) in a bandlike pattern in the anterior layers of the cornea. The keratopathy is usually limited to the interpalpebral area. Symptoms include irritation, injection, and blurring of vision.Chronic... | 2 | CaSO4 | CaPO4 | MgSO4 | MgPO4 | Ophthalmology | null | baa6e2cf-e425-4ac6-9f72-9d0d4c39dc9c | single |
Common pathological changes seen in kidney in benign hypeension are - | Ans is 'a' i.e., Hyaline AeriosclerosisBenign hypeension o In benign hypeension, the pathological change affecting the kidney is hyaline aeriosclerosis.o Hyaline aeriosclerosis is seen in patients who are hypeensive for an extended period of time (blood pressure, 150/90 mmhg) but whose hypeension has not progressed to ... | 1 | Fibronoid necrosis | Microaneurysm | Hyaline aeriosclerosis | Thining of walls | Pathology | null | 664fed17-fd6a-4e54-a1fe-ed5cedc08c54 | multi |
GLUT 5 receptors present in | Major Glucose TranspoersTissue LocationFunctionsGLUT 1Brain, kidney, colon, placenta, erythrocytesGlucose uptakeGLUT 2Liver, pancreatic b cell, small intestine, kidneyRapid uptake or release of glucoseGLUT 3Brain, kidney, placentaGlucose uptakeGLUT 4Hea and skeletal muscle, adipose tissueInsulin-stimulated glucose upta... | 3 | Brain | Placenta | Small Intestine | Skeletal muscle | Biochemistry | Metabolism of lipid | 51fb8e1a-81d0-4208-81f2-986a9dd5dc45 | multi |
Which of the following is not an epigenetic change? | Epigenetics Study of heritable gene expression without change in the nucleotide sequences. Major epigenetic mechanisms: DNA methylation Histone modifications Alteration in Chromatin Structure microRNAs Point mutation Changes the nucleotide sequence. Does not come under the definition of epigenetic change. | 4 | Acetylation of histone | Methylation of DNA | Methylation of histone | Point mutation | Biochemistry | Mendalian Inheritance | de6b73b8-f9b5-4a8c-b3ff-36959906eea3 | single |
Morula cell stage has how many cells? | Ans. B. 8-16MORULA FORMATIONa. After the zygote formation, typical mitotic division of the nucleus occurs producing two blastomeres.b. The two cell stage is reached approximately 30 hours after fertilization. Each contains equal cytoplasmic volume and chromosome numbers.c. The blastomeres continue to divide by binary d... | 2 | 8-Jan | 16-Aug | 24-32 | >64 | Anatomy | Embryology | 62d3e3b1-631f-47bc-bc5f-e83004cb74dd | single |
All are absolute contraindications for IUD except | null | 4 | UPT positive | Pelvic Inflammatory disease | Cancer uterus | Purulent cervical discharge | Social & Preventive Medicine | null | 6be1fc01-7344-4a29-9f1a-cfd0d9ff4df9 | multi |
True about Pseudoclaudication is | Psedoclaudication Or Lumbar canal stenosis OPaicular dermatomal pain, associated with motor weakness, OIncreases in standing long duration and relieved by the change in positions like leaning forwards. OAlso, pain is less on walking uphill but increases on walking downhill. | 3 | Pain increases on walking uphill | Pain decreases on standing still | Leaning forward reduces pain | Pulses may be feeble or absent | Surgery | Vascular surgery | 874649ae-e073-44f4-a82a-30a275d607b1 | multi |
True statement about great saphenous vein | The great saphenous vein is formed on the dorsum of foot by the union of the medial end of dorsal venous arch of foot and medial marginal vein of the foot. It runs 2.5 cm in front of medial malleolus It drains into femoral vein after piercing femoral sheath. It is accompanied by the saphenous nerve Reference: Textbook ... | 2 | It begins at lateral end of dorsal venous arch | It runs anterior to medial malleolus | It is accompanied by sural nerve | Terminates into popliteal vein | Anatomy | Head and neck | 440f929e-1bd3-4341-86de-7e3245f6e525 | multi |
Which of the following is NOT a TRUE statement about fibrous dysplasia? | The polyostotic form typically manifests in children < 10 years of age and may progress with age. Good to know: Fibrous dysplasia: It is characterized by the replacement of normal lamellar cancellous bone by an abnormal fibrous tissue that contain small, abnormally arranged trabeculae of immature woven bone. It may aff... | 2 | Characterised by replacement of normal lamellar bone by an abnormal fibrous tissue | The polyostotic form is common in adults | Thin coices | Ground-glass appearance | Surgery | null | af59aaca-f453-489e-8073-1e9cb6703d6a | multi |
A neonate weighing 1500 grams is delivered at 33 weeks. Which of the following would be most appropriate method of nutrition for the baby? | Low-bih-weight (LBW) infants, including those with very low bih weight (VLBW), should be fed mother&;s own milk.hence,through orogastric tube or directly baby fed In babies weighing <1 kg at bih, sta nutritional feeds at 15-20 mL/kg/day and increase by 15-20 mL/kg/day. If the feedsare tolerated for around 2-3 days, con... | 2 | IV fluids and oral feeding | Orogastric feeding/alternate oral feeding | Total parenteral nutrician | IV fluids and assessment / follow - up | Pediatrics | New born infants | e51169e4-6b2d-4d26-b426-bc30fd9a5971 | single |
Commonest symptom of carcinoma bronchus is - | null | 3 | Hemoptysis | Dyspnoea | Cough | Wheezing | Surgery | null | 4a5357d6-4d0b-4d46-a95a-f1efbe32aa46 | single |
NOT seen in heat stroke: Kerala 06 | Ans. Hypovolemic shock | 1 | Hypovolemic shock | Rhabdomyolysis | Pancreatitis | Cerebral edema | Forensic Medicine | null | fb7d3967-bf3b-41fb-89b8-5562ca72dabd | single |
Stocker's line is seen in | Ans is 'b' i.e. Pterygium Stocker's line is line of iron deposition in the corneal epithelium seen adjacent to the head of the pterygium.Pterygium and Pinguecula are degenerative conditions of the cornea.PingueculaAre areas of bulbar conjunctival thickening, near the limbus in the palpebral fissure area.These are trian... | 2 | Pinguencula | Pterygium | Congenital Ocular Melanosis | Conjunctival epithelial melanosis | Ophthalmology | Degenerative Conditions | bcd61d39-abdd-4928-a0ee-d358c9ac11ba | single |
Peripheral pulmonic stenosis is associated with - | Williams-Beuren syndrome is associated with supravalvar aoic stenosis and peripheral pulmonary aery stenosis in the majority of affected individuals. Among patients in whom surgery for supravalvar aoic stenosis is contemplated, stenosis of the branch pulmonary aeries is common Ref Davidson 23rd edition pg 450 | 3 | Subaoic stenosis | Takayasu's aeritis | William syndrome | Coarctation of syndrome | Medicine | C.V.S | 1b595188-8fdf-4fed-9cc4-ea45d42facd1 | single |
A female developed brown macule on the cheek, forehead and nose after exposure to light following delivery of a baby, the diagnosis is - | null | 2 | SLE | Chloasma | Photodermatitis | Acne rosacea | Medicine | null | 00551c4a-ca11-479d-a951-8ad48ec7ccd7 | single |
A 36-year female complaints of abdominal pain & constipation since 5 years. She has on & off rectal bleed when she tries to defecate forcefully. The most probable diagnosis is: | The findings are consistent with irritable bowel syndrome. Crohn's disease would typically have perianal fistulae while ulcerative colitis has periods of acute disease and quiescent periods: the acute periods are severe and may lead to significant impairement. | 4 | Ulcerative colitis | Crohn's disease | Tuberculous intestine | Irritable bowel syndrome | Surgery | null | d5c12720-fcdc-4401-b681-9ac65cb7a180 | single |
Vitamin B12 absorption occurs in | Vitamin B12 is absorbed bound to intrinsic factor, a small glycoprotein secreted by the parietal cells of the gastric mucosa. Gastric acid and pepsin release the vitamin from protein binding in food and make it available to bind to cobalophilin, a binding protein secreted in the saliva. In the duodenum, cobalophilin is... | 1 | Ileum | Jejunum | Duodenum | Colon | Biochemistry | vitamins | 31388739-d749-4dca-aa93-71d5627574d5 | single |
Infectivity period of chickenpox is ? | Ans. is 'a' i.e., 1 day before and 4 days after appearance of rash Period of communicability: Chicken pox: 1 - 2 days before to 4 - 5 days after appearance of rash Measles: 4 days before to 5 days after appearance of rash Rubella: 7 days before symptoms to 7 days after appearance of rash Mumps: 4 - 6 days before sympto... | 1 | 1 day before and 4 days after appearance of rash | 4 days before and 5 day after appearance of rash | Only when scab falls | Entire incubation period | Social & Preventive Medicine | null | ef6cd4a1-4502-49ca-a77a-2a67590a8bfd | multi |
The muscle that aids in displacement of maxillary fractures are | null | 4 | Masseter | Temporalis | Orbicularis oculi and orbicularis oris | None of the above | Surgery | null | 633ea8c1-d361-42da-b50e-ffc7c07185bb | multi |
Which of the following x-ray should be advised for age determination between 1-13 years of age? | Ans. B. Wrist. (Ref. Essential Paediatrics by Ghai 7th/pg. 4;Parikhys 6/e, pg 2.10; Reddy 28/e, pg 72)To determine the skeletal age:A Radiograph of SHOULDER is most helpful= in infants between 3-9 months.A A single film of HAND & WRIST = adequate in childern between 1-13 years.A Film of ELBOW & HIP = in children betwee... | 2 | Shoulder | Wrist | Elbow | Iliac bones | Pediatrics | Growth, Development, and Behavior | aa53ece1-599f-4f87-8aaf-493f6ed5a5ec | single |
A pt presented with pulsating varicose veins of the lower limb. Most probable diagnosis is - | Klippel- Trenaunay Syndrome: is characterized by Congenital AV fistulas Cutaneous hemangiomas Varicose veins Hyperophy of involved extremity The absence of deep venous system (so pathological superficial veins should not be removed without evidence of an intact deep system) | 3 | RHF | Tricuspid regurgitation | Klippel trenaunay syndrome | DVT | Surgery | Vascular surgery | 258085d2-3d82-44b7-80d5-715b439688ed | single |
Dryness of mouth dilated pupil & delirium are symptoms of : | D i.e. Dhatura | 4 | Chronic lead poisoning | Opium addiction | Chronic arsenic poisoning | Dhatura poisoning | Forensic Medicine | null | 89275842-45a1-4b50-9805-506476417a97 | single |
A 12-year-old boy, after a camping trip near a wooded area in Northern California, is taken to the emergency room after complaining of a headache. He has an erythema migrans rash around what appears to be a tick bite. Which of the following is the antibiotic of choice for treating this patient? | Campylobacter difficile causes toxin-mediated pseudomembranous enterocolitis as well as antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Pseudomembranous enterocolitis is normally seen during or after administration of antibiotics. One of the few agents effective against C. difficile is vancomycin. Alternatively, bacitracin can be used... | 2 | Ampicillin | Ceftriaxone | Erythromycin | Penicillin | Microbiology | Bacteria | 8ccf4974-760e-41d7-b7b2-1e71faacd331 | single |
Lacunar Reed Sternberg cell is found in which type of Hodgkin's lymphoma? | Ref: Harsh Mohan, 7th ed. pg. 350Type of Hodgkin's lymphomaNodular sclerosisMost common type of Hodgkin lymphomaLacunar Reed-Sternberg cell variants in a mixed inflammatory background; broad sclerotic bands of collagen usually also presentCD15+, CD30+ Reed- Sternberg cellsMost common in young adults, often arises in th... | 3 | Mixed cellularity | Lymphocyte rich | Nodular sclerosis | Lymphocyte depleted | Pathology | Hemodynamics | 7ae94a49-9899-433e-a684-43911715a6f9 | single |
Support of uterus - | Ans. is 'd', i.e., all of the above ,The uterus is primarily supported by the pelvic diaphragm, perineal body and the urogenital diaphragm. Secondarily, it is supported by ligaments and the peritoneal ligament the broad ligament of uterus o All are Supports of uterus. A Primary Supports: o Muscular or active support of... | 4 | Urogenital diaphragm | Pubocervical ligament | Perineal body | All of the above | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Aetiology | b1099633-4fc0-4786-83b0-21e207df08df | multi |
Floating tooth sign is seen in: | Floating tooth sign is seen with Histiocytosis x, because of erosion of bonyalveoli around the teeth. | 4 | Dentigerous cyst | Periapical cyst | Aphthous ulcers | Histiocytosis x | Surgery | null | c6695aa8-5817-4ea8-a58d-b3119a94c0a9 | single |
In radiobiology, the "latent period" represent the period of time between: | null | 4 | Cell rest and cell mitosis | The first and last dose in radiation therapy | Film exposure and image development | Radiation exposure and onset of symptoms | Radiology | null | c745ca5b-1fbe-4705-8c78-4cdaceaaac4a | single |
Wavelength of ND: Yag laser: | Ans. 1040 nm | 1 | 1040 nm | 1040 mm | 1040 cm | 1040 m | Ophthalmology | null | 6d36ad93-f7e9-45ea-b94d-c93ba3e83e4e | single |
What is the approximate size of miRNA molecules produced by Dicer nuclease? | MicroRNAs : Small (22 nucleotides long) Endogenous, Non-coding RNAs Involved in regulation of gene expression by post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS)/RNA interference. Dicer is an endonuclease that trims small double-stranded RNA and generates sho, double stranded (ds) miRNA molecules that can block translation. ... | 2 | 11 bp | 22 bp | 56 bp | 75 bp | Biochemistry | Techniques in molecular biology | 3b09b7a8-52e7-48f2-af3b-a217125f70fe | single |
Haemodialysis is most effective in treating poisoning due to: | Haemodialysis is used for the treatment of following poisoning: Salicylates, Boric Acid, Glutathimide,Methanol, Barbitutates, Thiocyanates. | 2 | Amphetamine | Cocaine | Barbiturates | Opium | Surgery | null | 1a5356bc-8399-436b-beaf-398ab5469be2 | single |
Lifespan of Cu-T 380A is: September 2011, March 2013 | Ans. B: 10 years Copper-T 380A known as paraguard has a life span of 10 years Lifespan Progestase: 1 year Cu-T 200B: 4 years Nova T and LNG IUCD: 5 years Cu-T 380A: 10 years | 2 | 5 years | 10 years | 15 years | 20 years | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | eace862e-cca1-4ff0-829c-f583869ad90d | single |
Myentric plexus is present in | Between the circular and longitudinal muscle layer lies the Auerbach plexus/ Myenteric plexus. | 1 | Muscularis externa | Submucosa | Mucosa | Serosa | Physiology | null | b647bcfd-0a82-4b4e-b87a-2d29fbce576a | single |
Latency period in distraction osteosynthesis is defined as | null | 1 | Time period between surgical osteotomy and starting of distraction | Time period between starting of distraction to the completion of distraction | Time period for completion of distraction process | Time period between distraction and functional Loading of the area | Surgery | null | 29400939-f320-42a0-a587-708e0014cdd7 | single |
Least likely to be Pre-leukemic condition is - | null | 2 | Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria | Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria | Aplastic anemia | Myelodysplastic syndrome | Pathology | null | 1fb2b4bb-df4e-4d82-9dc6-a4e77758caad | single |
Which of the following cardiac condition has highest maternal moality in pregnancy ? | Maternal moality associated with Eissenmenger's syndrome is 50%, and is also associated with high perinatal loss. In such cases, termination of pregnancy is indicated. Patients with Eisenmenger's syndrome have pulmonary hypeension with right to left shunt through an open ductus, ASD or VSD. Reference: Textbook of Obste... | 4 | MS | MR | MVP | Eisenmenger syndrome | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | 54bf9055-a47b-4923-b1cb-e15a0336c1e0 | single |
Protein efficiency ratio is | A. i.e. (Gain in weight / Protein consumed) (702- Rana Shinde 7th) (512 - U. satyanarayan 3rd)1. PROTEIN EFFICIENCY RATIO (PER) - consists of feeding weaning (21 days old) albino rats with a 10% test protein diet and recording the gain in body weight for a period of 4 weeks.Gain in weight of young animals per unit weig... | 1 | Gain in weight / protein consumed | Product of digestibility coefficient and biological value divided by 100 | Percentage of nitrogen retained out of nitrogen absorbed | Percentage of protein absorbed after digestion | Biochemistry | Proteins and Amino Acids | c5074b82-7ba2-469f-8ab0-82d1f2d304e5 | single |
Kerley B lines' in the chest X-ray of a patient is a radiological feature of - | null | 2 | Respiratory failure | Heart failure | Renal failure | Liver failure | Medicine | null | 61fd9b4f-4b56-4fc9-8411-150d5f3b14cc | single |
Virchow's triad for thrombosis include all except ? | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Platelet thrombus Thrombosis o Thrombosis is the formation of a blood clot (thrombus) inside a blood vessel or hea, obstructing the flow of blood through the circulatory system. Then what is the difference between formation of normal hemostatic plug and thrombosis ? o When a blood vessel is injured, t... | 4 | Stasis | Endothelial injury | Hypercoagulability | platelet thrombis | Pathology | null | 01e8f30e-a545-49a4-8885-2eb45e36b5e4 | multi |
Azygos vein | (Ascends through the aortic opening in the diaphragm) (213-BDC-l) (128-Snell 7th)AZYGOS VEIN - The origin of the azygos vein is variable. It is often formed by the union of the right ascending lumbar vein and the right subcostal vein. It ascends through the aortic opening in the diaphragm on the right side of the aorta... | 4 | Formed by arch of aorta | Opens into inferior vena cava | Arches the groove of the left lung | Ascends through the aortic opening in the diaphragm | Anatomy | Thorax | 8f1171d8-622f-4700-8749-3148c0b630b2 | single |
The cold water treatment of burns has thedisadvantage that it increase the chances of ? | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Infection "The use of immersion hydrotherapy for wound management has substantatially decreased. A number of studies have shown that the infection rate is actually increased when patients are immersed in a tub because of the generalized inoculation of burn wounds with bacterial from what was previousl... | 3 | Pain | Exudation | Infection | None of the above | Surgery | null | 794ec56e-8f7b-4518-b4e4-cebd2de8b51b | multi |
Inferior turbinate is a: | The superior and middle turbinates are pas of ethmoid bone whereas inferior turbinate is an independent separate bone. | 3 | Pa of maxilla | Pa of sphenoid | Separate bone | Pa of ethmoid | ENT | Anatomy of Nasal Cavity | 894803f7-5543-477b-b97d-cbde58cbbe80 | single |
Broncholithiasis is a feature of? | Cystic Fibrosis cause infections, recurrent pneumonia and bronchiectasis Parathyroid adenoma will cause calcification but not in the airway It causes nephrocalcinosis. Pulmonary lymphangio leiomyomatosis Hyperplasia of smooth muscle. Commonly seen in females Depends on estrogen Present with Pneumothorax, Pleural effusi... | 2 | Cystic fibrosis | Tuberculosis | Pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis | Parathyroid adenoma | Medicine | Tuberculosis | 30880a44-039a-4a29-9bf8-686f0b4683ea | single |
Cholangiocarcinoma histologically resembles ? | Ans. is 'b' i.e. Schirrhous type | 2 | Sq. cell type | Schirrhous type | Columnar cell type | All | Surgery | null | 6d37b159-0b76-48a7-9c07-c913888283e1 | multi |
The most common malignancy found in Marjolin&;s ulcer is | Marjolin's Ulcer Low grade SCC, which develops on a chronic benign ulcer or a long standing scar tissue Arises from the edge of the ulcer. Marjolin's ulcer may develop in Post burn scar Long standing venous ulcer Chronic ulcer due to trauma. Chronically discharging osteomyelitis sinus Post - radiation ulcer Ref: schwaz... | 2 | Basal cell carcinoma | Squamous cell carcinoma | Malignant fibrous histiocytoma | Neutrophic malignant melanoma | Surgery | General surgery | a2619b2e-b465-4dac-8d80-e137521cde06 | single |
Best treatment for relieving pain during intrapartum period is: | Ans: B (Epidural anesthesia) Ref: Ajay Yadav Short Textbook of Anesthesia,1st edition, pg 123Explanation:Epidural (Extradural) anesthesiaThe epidural space is a potential space.It contains connective tissue, venous plexuses, and adipose tissue.It is found between the connective tissue covering the vertebrae and the lig... | 2 | Neuraxial block | Epidural anesthesisa | IV ketamine | General Anesthesia | Anaesthesia | Anaesthesia For Special Situations | 269855f3-f41b-4001-9240-afae12ad2121 | single |
Water brash is a classic symptom of | Water brash is excessive salivation resulting from a vagal reflex triggered by acidification of the esophageal mucosa. This is not a common symptom. Afflicted individuals will describe the unpleasant sensation of the mouth rapidly filling with salty thin fluid, often in the setting of concomitant heaburn.When classic s... | 3 | Dyspepsia | Indigestion | GERD | Duodenal ulcer | Medicine | C.V.S | 72c4cb55-180a-4935-8f37-e7a26e362695 | single |
Nutrient which is lost maximum in polished rice? | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Thiamine Effect of milling on rice The milling process deprives the rice grain of its valuable nutritive elements | 2 | Proteins | Thiamine | Ascorbic acid | Calcitriol | Social & Preventive Medicine | null | 69b8e45d-98a6-4af5-bc7c-632d2dfc1d20 | single |
Which area is out of the blood brain barrier | Ans. is 'd' i.e. Area Postrema There are four areas which lie outside the blood brain barrier : these areArea postremaOrganum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT)Subfornical organ (SFO)The posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) and the adjacent ventral part of the median eminence of the hypothalamus.These areas ar... | 4 | Thalmus | Cerebral cortex | IV ventricle | Area postrema | Anatomy | Meninges & Blood Vessels of the Brain | c5703543-c181-4ece-87b6-0926c5c4d602 | single |
Which among the following is the Glucocoicoid receptor blocker? | Mifepristone is anti-progesterone as well as mild glucocoicoid blocker.Ketoconazole, Mitotane, and Trilostane inhibits the synthesis of glucocoicoidsRef: Goodman Gillman 12th ed.Pg: 1184 | 1 | Mifepristone | Ketoconozole | Mitotane | Trilostane | Pharmacology | Autonomic nervous system | ed38a070-5602-44c2-bd75-c92db9e05cef | single |
Clinical criteria of brain death is all except | C i.e. Absent spinal cord reflex Brain Death It is defined as irreversible cessation of all brain function. Spinal cord function below C1 may still be presentQ. Brain death criteria can be applied only in absence of hypothermia, hypotension, drug depressing brain function, neuromuscular blocking agent, endocrinal & met... | 3 | Coma | Absent brain stem reflex | Absent spinal cord reflex | Absent motor activity | Anaesthesia | null | 463e1dbf-256d-4d44-aa80-dfd3eb7e9f96 | multi |
Which of these drugs DOES NOT decrease angiotensin II activity: | Drugs that can decrease Angiotensin 2 activity- ACE inhibitors e.g. Enalapril Angiotensin receptor blocker e.g. Valsaan Combination of ACE inhibitor and NEP inhibitors e.g.Omapatrilat. Nesiritide- Recombinant BNP | 3 | Enalapril | Valsaan | Nesiritide | Omapatrilat | Pharmacology | CHF, Angina Pectoris and Myocardial Infarction | 687972dc-f09c-44b5-841d-52a9572311ee | single |
In a FAP patient which is an important CA risk | Ref: Robbins Pathology, 9th ed. pg. 809* Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an autosomal dominant disorder in which patients develop numerous colorectal adenomas as teenagers.* Robbins states: "Colorectal adenocarcinoma develops in 100% of untreated FAP patients, often before age 30 and nearly always by age 50"* A... | 3 | Retinoblastoma | Brain tumor | Colorectal CA | Prostate CA | Pathology | Neoplasia | eefa4f99-fe11-4eec-93eb-e0e0edfc19b1 | single |
Outer cell mass gives rise to | It consists of an inner cell mass that is completely surrounded by an outer layer of cells.the second.the cells of the outer layer will later give rise to a structure called trophoblast HUMAN EMBRYOLOGY-INDERBIR SINGH TENTH EDITION-PAGE NO:50 | 2 | Embryo proper | Trophoblast | Syncytiotrophoblast | null | Anatomy | General anatomy | 7336f8d6-47f9-4428-b3ff-6413804375e5 | multi |
A 32-year-old G3P2 woman at 35 weeks' gestation has a past medical history significant for hypertension. She was well-controlled on hydrochlorothiazide and lisinopril as an outpatient, but these drugs were discontinued when she found out that she was pregnant. Her blood pressure has been relatively well controlled in t... | In the question patient has past history of hypertension which was controlled on diuretics and ACE inhibitors prior to pregnancy.Till date her B/P was normal, she was not using any antihypertensive and now all of a sudden her BP is 142/84 mm of hg and proteinuria is 0.35 g all this suggests a possibility of superimpose... | 4 | Start iv furosemide | Induce labor after doing Bischop score | Put her on hydralazine | Initial inpatient evaluation followed by restricted activity and outpatient management. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | 3749a59c-d685-4be5-9eda-b39a31ad63cf | multi |
The combination of rest pain, colour changes, oedema and hyperaesthesia | null | 2 | Gangrene | Pregangrene | Necrosis | Vasculitis | Pathology | null | 07817cb3-3ad3-4fcb-9608-996dff884856 | single |
Rosette shaped cataract in | Ans. C: Traumatic cataract Rosette Cataract: This opacity may occur as a result of concussion injury, under the anterior or posterior coex or both and may be complete or sectored with a flower peddle or feather shape. A very close estimation as to when the injury occurred by viewing the lens with an optic section and d... | 3 | Senile cataract | Diabetic cataract | Traumatic cataract | After cataract | Ophthalmology | null | d7f0b096-580a-4bcf-8fc1-eb18c759aaa6 | single |
Point source epidemic is: | Ans. (b) Sharp rise and sharp fall in number of casesRef: K. Park 23rd ed. / 64, 93Types of Epidemics* Point source or single exposure epidemics# Sharp rise and sharp fall in number of cases# Clustering of cases in narrow spectrum of time# All cases develop within one incubation period of disease.# Ex: Food poisoning, ... | 2 | Gradual rise and gradual fall in number of cases | Sharp rise and sharp fall in number of cases | Sharp rise and fall is interrupted by secondary waves | Gradual rise and fall is interrupted by secondary waves | Social & Preventive Medicine | Epidemiological Study | 86cb310a-0796-4a6f-9398-57972fc7ec11 | multi |
Epithelium of ureter develops from | Epithelium of ureter developed from Mesonephric duct as the ureteric bud. Ref: Gray's 39e/p-1289 | 1 | Mesonephros | Metanephros | Pronephros | Paramesonephric duct | Anatomy | General anatomy | 69b754b1-1633-47e2-b0a8-10430699d64d | single |
Howell-jolly bodies are seen in: September 2005 | Ans. C: Both of the above Howell-Jolly bodies are histopathological findings of basophilic nuclear remnants (clusters of DNA) in circulating erythrocytes. During maturation in the bone marrow erythrocytes normally expel their nuclei, but in some cases a small poion of DNA remains Howell-Jolly bodies are present in some... | 3 | Sickle cell anemia | Splenectomy | Both of the above | None of the above | Pathology | null | b05287ea-4146-4d5b-9594-b525eb847b16 | multi |
The advantage of this type of pancreatic drainage in pancreas transplant is: | Ans. (d) Physiological drainage* The image shows Enteric drainage of pancreas.* This is more physiological and there are less urinary complications.* Disadvantage is difficulty in measuring amylase level which is easy in bladder drainage. | 4 | Easy measure of amylase | Fast diagnosis of rejection | Less amount of leak | Physiological drainage | Surgery | Transplantation | c4a35e73-c8b3-48ad-a8d0-86c4ac9f74ee | single |
Not used for intravascular volume maintainence is | Answer- C. ErythropoetinErytheropoetin InjectionsErythropoietins available for use as therapeutic agents are produced by recombinant DNA technology in cell culture, They are used in treating anemia resulting from chronic kidney disease, chemotherapy induced anemia in patients with cancer, inflammatory bowel disease (Cr... | 3 | Hydroxy ethyl starch | Dextran | Erythropoetin | Gelatin | Surgery | null | a5b90d0b-3047-401a-8a8a-c8f1beca4822 | single |
reinforcrmrnt theory in management of behavioral issues was given by | Behavioral therapy is learning given by BF Skinner , according to him all behaviors are learned phenomenon and thus can be unlearned Positive reinforcement a type of reinforcement when a behavior is rewarded there is more chance that the behavior is repeated Negative reinforcement is that when a behavior is done and an... | 2 | lorenz | skinner | seligman | mary ainswoh | Psychiatry | Treatment in psychiatry | 7b6aa345-75df-448f-883a-1a9159b07084 | single |
Which of the following agents is used for day care surgery? | Propofol produces quick induction(30 sec) and rapid recovery(4 min)from a single dose. Because of rapid recovery it is preferred for day cases. Thiopentone duration of action is 4-7min. And ketamine10-15min but amnesia lasts for 1-2 hours. From padmaja 4th edition Page no 194, 195, 196 | 1 | Propofol | Thiopentone | Diazepam | Ketamine | Pharmacology | Anesthesia | 5d0eea9e-9b6b-4c78-9117-52edaeb98f2f | single |
Shorest acting beta blocker ? | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Esmolol Nodalol is longest acting b-blocker. Esmolol is shoest acting b-blocker. Acebutolol possesses all activities i.e., cardioselectivity, paial agonist activity, membrane stablizing activity and lipid insolubility. | 1 | Esmolol | Nodalol | Acebutolol | Sotalol | Pharmacology | null | bf3ccd04-5eb7-4efa-aad9-c83fae9b934e | single |
All of the following are STD except: | Leprosy is not sexually transmitted. | 4 | Herpes | Scabies | Candida | Leprosy | Pathology | null | 37628b0c-58bf-47f2-a6af-b125084bb184 | multi |
Functions of basal ganglia | B i.e. Skilled movement | 2 | Gross motor | Skilled movements | Emotions | Maintenance of equilibrium | Physiology | null | c21227c2-c1c8-4652-ba47-81b36fb7cdbd | single |
Which of the following is the most common etiological agent in paranasal sinus mycosis? | (a) Aspergillus species(Ref. Cummings, 6th ed., 732)The most common etiological agent in paranasal sinus mycosis is Aspergillus fumigatus. | 1 | Aspergillus species | Histoplasma | Conidiobolus coronatus | Candida albicans | ENT | Paranasal Sinuses | 8d10230a-6500-40e7-b6d9-e55f8c5493db | single |
An 18-year-old woman presents for follow-up of an abnormal Pap smear that revealed an abnormality suggestive of HPV infection. Which of the following was the likely cytopathologic finding? | Koilocytes are indicative of HPV-infected epithelial cells. Viral infection causes intracytoplasmic vacuolation that is apparent in cytopathologic and histopathologic preparations. Donovan bodies represent macrophages stuffed with numerous C.(Donovania) granulomatis organisms. Clear cells are characteristic of clear ce... | 2 | Donovan bodies | Koilocytes | Clear cells | Fibroids | Pathology | Female genital Tract | c9944c68-ad7e-4039-8966-a3ec8eb05c4a | single |
All are a mechanism of defence except - | Defence mechanism
Narcissistic (Psychotic) :- Denial, disortion, projection.
Immature:- Blocking, introjection, passive-aggressive behavior, acting out, hypochondriasis, regression, schizoid fantasy, somatization.
Neurotic :- Controlling, Displacement, inhibition, externalization, intellectualization, isolation, rati... | 2 | Repression | Transference | Projection | Anticipation | Psychiatry | null | 8372ead8-f1f2-427a-8b31-2f1a8b3bbb6f | multi |
Advantage of case control over coho study | Case-control study yields only estimate of relative risk Coho study yields incidence rates, relative risks as well as attributable risk (refer pgno:79 park 23 rd edition) | 2 | Attributable risk can be calculated | Odds ratio can be calculated | For rare disease | Bias is minimum | Social & Preventive Medicine | Epidemiology | f5c17c42-1bb5-405a-8721-cad392e0488f | single |
Puerperal sepsis/infection occurs up to? | Ans- B 2 week PUERPERAL SEPSIS DEFINITION Puerperal sepsis is any bacterial infection of the genital tract which occurs after the birth of a baby. It is usually more than 24 hours after delivery before the symptoms and signs appear. Some of the most common bacteria are: streptococci staphylococci escherichia coli (E.co... | 2 | 1 week | 2 week | 3 week | 4 week | Unknown | null | a3dca328-6cdb-4036-bf73-41498f711615 | single |
A 45 year old female complains of progressive weakness and spasticity of the lower limb with difficulty in micturition. CT scan shows an intradural mid dorsal midline enhancing lesion. The likely diagnosis is: | Meningiomas are most common primary intracranial tumors which arise from the duramater and more precisely from the arachnoid cells. They are dural based tumors most commonly found adjacent to the venous sinuses and dural infoldings. They are characteristically slightly hyperdense and enhance on contrast administration.... | 1 | Meningioma | Intradermal Lipoma | Neuroepithelial Cyst | Dermoid Cyst | Radiology | null | 4178435a-a846-4002-84de-807d254f4ff1 | single |
True about prions: | null | 1 | Composed largely proteins without any nucleic acid | Phase in which virus cannot be demonstrated in host cell | Viruses which are genetically deficient | Viral components may be synthesized but maturation & assembling is defective. | Microbiology | null | b13686ce-9ced-4278-a8ea-bc7b29496d2d | multi |
Primary Health Care includes all, except? | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Treatment by doctor Primary heath care o "Primary health care is essential health care made universally accessible to individuals and acceptable to them, through their full paicipation and at a cost the community and country can afford." o There are 4 main principles of primary health care : 1. Equita... | 1 | Treatment is done by a doctor | Equitable distribution | Intersectoral coordination | appropriate technology | Social & Preventive Medicine | null | 542b8ff2-fbba-4cd1-93d3-dd64668354bc | multi |
Treatment of middle ear malignancy includes -
a) Excision of petrous part of temporal bone
b) Subcortical excision
c) Modified radical mastoidectomy
d) None | Most common malignant tumor of middle ear and mastoid is squamous cell carcinoma.
Clinical Features
It affects age group 40–60 years
Slightly more common in females
Most important predisposing cause is long standing CSOM
Patient may present with chronic foul smelling blood stained discharge
Pain is severe and comes at... | 3 | abc | bc | ac | bcd | ENT | null | 25c78d32-55f4-497a-b8f2-14af7e24b480 | multi |
Most sensitive investigation of pancreatic carcinoma is – | Investigation of choice for pancreatic carcinoma → CT scan (CECT)
Most sensitive test for pancreatic carcinoma → Endoscopic ultrasound. | 3 | Angiography | ERCP | Ultrasound | CT scan | Radiology | null | 3251e3a8-0b23-481c-bd06-49fc4f9b980e | single |
Microscopy of corneal ulcer showed branching septate hyphae. The probable diagnosis - | Filamentous fungi eg.Aspergillus,fusarium,Alternaria,Cephalosporium,Curvularia and Pencillium are septate multicellular fungi.Mucor and rhizopus are non-septate fungi.Reference:Comprehensive ophthalmology,AK Khurana,6th edition,page no.106 | 3 | Candida | Mucor mycosis | Aspergillus | Histoplasma | Ophthalmology | Cornea and sclera | 486aea84-4a31-4192-ac14-fc67f3bdc016 | single |
Quaternary structure of protein is: | Ans. D. The inter relation and arrangement of a polypeptides in the protein with more than 2 polypeptides chains)a. Protein that contain two or more polypeptide chains associated by non-covalent forces are said tob. exhibit quaternary structure.c. The arrangement sequence of amino-acids in the polypeptide chain -- is p... | 4 | The arrangement sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain | Inter relation between amino acids in a single polypeptide chain | Inter relation of amino acid in 2 polypeptide chains | The inter relation and arrangement of polypeptides in a protein with more than 2 polypeptides chains | Biochemistry | Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary Structure of Proteins | fd0d7d5d-d49a-4ce2-a06e-35ab9cbd92d4 | single |
Which is false about Wuchereria bancrofti ? | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Man and anopheles are host . Man is the definitive host and culex quinquefosciatus (C. fatigons) is the intermediate host (not Anopheles). . W. bancrofti has long and slender body. . Its microfilaria has tail tip free from nuclei (terminal nuclei absent). . It causes lymphatic filariasis. | 4 | Causes filariasis | Body is long and slender | Terminal nuclei absent | Man and anopheles are host | Microbiology | null | bb933ebb-0c08-4291-90b2-36149237300e | multi |
Which of the following is preferred for cutting ductile materials such as dentin? | Burs are generally preferred for cutting ductile materials such as dentin, whereas Diamonds are most efficient when used to cut brittle materials and are superior to burs for the removal of dental enamel.
Dental stones, especially diamonds, have the highest efficiency in removing enamel (brittle material), whereas carb... | 2 | Diamond burs | Carbide burs | Hand instruments | All of the above | Dental | null | b28fcb74-9ad6-4bda-96f2-d5a8499f2ab2 | multi |
Multifactorial inheritance is known in ? | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Cardiac septal defects | 3 | Neurofibroma | Haemophilia | Cardiac septal defects | Hypophosphataemic rickets | Pathology | null | 9f1a1534-d208-48c8-9b0c-45dfd10a8f75 | single |
C-3 nephritic factor is associated with which of the following conditions? | Dense-Deposit Disease (type II MPGN) Resulting in excessive activation of the alternative complement pathway. Normally, this C3 convease is labile, but more than 70% of patients with dense-deposit disease have a circulating autoantibody termed C3 nephritic factor (C3NeF) that binds the alternative pathway C3 convease a... | 2 | MPGN Type 1 | MPGN Type 2 | Membranous nephropathy | Minimal change disease | Pathology | Membranous Glomerulopathy and Membranoproliferative Glomerulopathy | c22cea91-4b68-4a51-b3b0-9332d3464582 | single |
Autosomal recessive diseases are except | Hereditary spherocytosis is an autosomal dominant disorder Refer Robbin's 7th/151,8th/151-2,9/e p141 | 1 | Hereditary spherocytosis | Thalasemia | Sickle cell anemia | Cystic fibrosis | Anatomy | General anatomy | 93a7df4c-dcc7-4a84-9e18-bd3bcb2caebc | multi |
What is Ranne complex? | The central part of the TB lesion contains caseous, soft, and cheesy necrotic material (caseous necrosis). This necrotic material may undergo calcification at a later stage called Ranne complex, in the lung parenchyma and hilar lymph nodes in few cases.
Key concept:
Necrotic material undergoing calcification which is se... | 1 | Necrotic material undergoing calcification | The stage is seen in the formation of granuloma | Central necrosis surrounded by lymphocytes | All of the above | Pathology | null | d7cbddf6-03b2-4190-915e-0d4565c84a37 | multi |
Consider the following :1. Cholesterosis 2. Adenomyomatosis 3.Polyposis 4.Cholelithiasis. To which of the above does cholecystoses refer to: | null | 1 | 1, 2 and 3 | 1 and 3 only | 2, 3 and 4 | 1 and 3 only | Surgery | null | 9aad99d5-1f9f-4cf4-8d66-93587acc0c6f | multi |
Principle of Radiotherapy is: | Ans: C (DNA damage) Ref: General Principles of Radiation Therapy by Gary J Schreiber, Medscape and Perez and Brady's Principles and Practice of Radiation Oncology, Edited by Edward C. Halperin, 5 Ed, pg 10Explanation:" The exact mechanism of cell death due to radiation is still an area of active investigation. A large ... | 3 | Necrosis of cells | Coagulation of proteins | DNA damage | Ionization of tissues | Radiology | Physics of Radiotherapy | d3f5c16c-f7f7-4848-8c3e-754df71f6520 | single |
The rate of bone mineralization is identical to the rate of osteoid production. The rate of newly synthesized osteoid is best estimated by: | Pulse labeling with tetracycline allows detection of rate of formation of osteoid.Two discrete tetracycline lines in tissue section separated in space can reflect the formation of bone that occurred between two oral administrations of tetracycline.The distance between the two labels can be measured and constitute the q... | 2 | Plain X-ray | Tetracycline labeling | Alizarin red stain | Von kossa for calcium | Pathology | null | 214f597d-93de-4b0b-b942-b4b943565626 | single |
The following is not true of syphilis - | Ans. is 'c' i.e., VDRL is negative in secondary syphilis | 3 | TPI is most specific | VDRL is not specific | VDRL is negative in secondary syphilis | IgM test is specific for congenital syphilis | Microbiology | null | fcd881d9-3bcd-46d6-8a42-54ceae7e8b31 | multi |
A 5 year old male patient presents with a complaint of multiple decayed teeth. His previous dental treatment was deferred because of uncooperative behavior. Which of the following drugs cannot be used for the pharmacological management of the patient’s behavior? | Chloral Hydrate is an aldehyde compound that is metabolized by alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver to its active metabolite, trichloro ethanol. In vitro studies have suggested that trichloroethanol acts upon GABA receptors in a manner similar to barbiturates and benzodiazepines. It is a chemical irritant to the skin and... | 2 | Midazolam | Chloral hydrate | Fentanyl | Naloxone | Dental | null | 3590fa04-015c-4b54-b541-408abaebebe3 | single |
Most important mediator of chemotaxis is: | Role of different mediators in Inflammation | 2 | C3b | C5a | C5-7 | C2 | Pathology | null | f99a343d-140f-43b5-ac18-543381cbbfa6 | single |
Absolute C/I of MRI is – a) Pacemakerb) Pregnancy at 1st trimesterc) Aneurysmal clipd) Phobia | Cardiac pacemakers and ferromagnetic hemostatic clips in CNS (aneurysmal clip) are absolute contraindications for MRI. | 2 | a | ac | ad | b | Radiology | null | 8fe794b8-7cd6-49eb-bdbe-16ea3ee07d57 | single |
The first human protein produced by rDNA technology: | The first human protein produced by rDNA technology is Insulin. Production of recombinant Insulin: NOTE: Gene coding for insulin is localized on 11p15 site of chromosome. | 1 | Insulin | Growth hormone | Albumin | Casein | Biochemistry | Techniques in molecular biology | df08dc2a-6198-42de-9688-486261432953 | single |
Of the following which is the best projection to study the fracture of zygomatic arch: | null | 3 | Lateral oblique view | PA Caldwell view | Submentovertex view | Lateral cephalometric view | Radiology | null | b7ceefa5-8a96-4b42-8239-8b0b3d12e102 | single |
Delta waves on EEG is seen in: March 2013 (e) | Ans. B i.e. Fully relaxed deep sleep | 2 | Awake state with eyes open | Fully relaxed deep sleep | Awake state with eyes closed | Transition from awakefulness to sleep | Psychiatry | null | d8e621bc-c703-4613-af56-020f6f536b40 | single |
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