question stringlengths 1 1.57k | exp stringlengths 1 22.5k ⌀ | cop int64 1 4 | opa stringlengths 1 287 ⌀ | opb stringlengths 1 287 ⌀ | opc stringlengths 1 286 ⌀ | opd stringlengths 1 301 ⌀ | subject_name stringclasses 21
values | topic_name stringlengths 3 135 ⌀ | id stringlengths 36 36 | choice_type stringclasses 2
values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
When the modified ridge lap pontic is further reduced, they are known as: | null | 1 | Lap facings. | Modified ridge lap facing. | Concave lap facing. | None. | Dental | null | 294e756a-7e11-4aa9-be5e-f63a3b3b7d3d | multi |
A 45 year old male known case of diabetes presents with nausea , multiple episodes of vomiting and abdominal pain.He is stuporous , having blood glucoselevel of 402 mg% and on urine examination Ketone bodies are detected.He is having tachycardina along with ohostatic hypotension. On lab investigation,his potassium leve... | This is a case of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)- Patient's serum K+ level is< 3.3 meq/L,In such cases K+ Level need to be corrected first, even before administering insulin. So next best steps in the management of this patient include: Correct hypokalemia-Repeat K+levels in serum-Give IV regular insulin after K+ level is... | 1 | Manage hypokalemia-Repeat serum K+ levels- IV fluids and sta IV regular insulin | IV fluids-give IV regular insulin and lastly manage hypokalemia | Give IV regular insulin along with K+ - IV fluids after the K+ level is normal | IV fluids - give Lente insulin and side by side manage hypokalemia | Medicine | Diabetes Mellitus | 1fcfafc5-d7c1-41fa-bd76-03c209e8ad6e | multi |
A 85-year-old male patient has been suffering from progressive memory loss over the last two years. She also needs help with her daily activities. MRI revealed diffuse coical and hippocampal atrophy in this patient. HPE in such conditions demonstrates the following findings. Which of the following drug used in the trea... | The patient is suffering from Alzheimer's disease. HPE shows: A. Neurofibrillary tangles and neuropil threads (Gallya's silver staining) B. Fibrillar nature of tangles (arrows) neuritic plaques (arrowheads), whose major component - Ab (inset - immunohistochemistry for Ab). Treasure 8 (pathology) Drugs used in the manag... | 3 | Rivastigmine | Donepezil | Memantine | Tacrine | Unknown | Integrated QBank | 8ffa5607-ce85-44dd-92b8-02547af332a5 | multi |
A middle aged man who underwent an abdominal surgery developed hallucination after surgery. Which of the following anaesthetic agent is associated with hallucination? | Emergence delirium, characterized by hallucinations, vivid dreams, and delusions, is a frequent complication of ketamine that can result in serious patient dissatisfaction and can complicate postoperative management. Delirium symptoms are most frequent in the first hour after emergence and appear to occur less frequent... | 1 | Ketamine | Halothane | Ether | Cyclopropane | Anaesthesia | null | 8496e918-d8e9-42b5-baa4-332836e2548a | multi |
Laryngocele arises from which of the following? | A laryngocele is defined as an abnormal dilation or herniation of the saccule of the larynx. Secondary infection of a laryngocele is termed a laryngopyocele. Laryngoceles can be classified into three types: internal, external, and combined. A laryngocele is defined as internal if the dilation lies within the limits of ... | 3 | True cords | Subglottis | Saccule of the ventricle | Anterior commissure | ENT | null | 9cf75d0b-e590-42d1-bb98-38332f852b8f | multi |
Choose the false statement regarding Hepatitis G virus - | HGV is bllod botne vitus&its ptrvelance is higher in patolients infected withHIV&HCV .it is also called GB V REF:MICROBIOLOGY ANANTHA NARAYANAN NINTH EDITION PAGE.550 | 4 | Also called GB virus | Blood Born RNA virus | Mostly infected with C virus | Responds to Lamivudine | Microbiology | Virology | da3487db-65d8-4c44-b992-9d0d18da260f | multi |
All of the following are used in diagnosis of HIV in a 2 month old child except: | Ans. A. HIV ELISAHIV ELISA cannot be used in diagnosis of HIV in a child up to 18 months of age.* This is because all neonates born to HIV infected mothers will have IgG antibody in their blood regardless of their infection status.* So up until 18 months of age they will continue to test positive. Hence HIV ELISA shoul... | 1 | HIV ELISA | p24 antigen assay | DNA PCR | Viral culture | Pediatrics | Infection | a6f02aff-06ae-427a-b7d2-75341d2124c3 | multi |
A Down syndrome patient is posted for surgery, the necessary preoperative investigation to be done is: | a. Echocardiography > c. X-ray cervical spine(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 610-615, Ghai 8/e p 637-639)Congenital heart diseases are more common in Down syndrome (in 50%), than atlantoaxial instability (20%); so a preoperative echocardiogram is warranted, so that management of child can be planned accordingly. | 1 | Echocardiography | CT brain | X-ray cervical spine | USG abdomen | Pediatrics | Genetics And Genetic Disorders | 0e63e51e-bc04-4e45-bd88-25ded5d59910 | single |
Half-life biological of oxytocin: | Oxytocin is a nanopeptide synthesised by supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of hypothalamus. It is rapidly metabolised and degraded by oxytocinase and hence has a half life of 3 - 4 minutes and a duration of action of approximately 20 minutes. (DC Sutta TB of obstetrics 8th edtn pg 573) | 2 | 2-3 min | 3-4 min | 5-6 min | 7-8 min | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Abnormal labor | 6037664e-806c-4099-825b-114efe3af62a | single |
All are true about Reye's Syndrome Except: | The use of aspirin and other salicylates to control fever during viral infections (influenza and chickenpox) in children and adolescents is associated with an increased incidence of Reye's syndrome, an illness characterized by vomiting, hepatic disturbances, and encephalopathy that has a 35% moality rate. Acetaminophen... | 2 | Hepatic encephalopathy | Seen with ampicillin therapy | Fever and rash | Viral associated | Pharmacology | Autacoids | 6cddce1f-6f56-49eb-a43a-600678fae7b6 | multi |
Nolla stage 6 means: | null | 1 | Crown completion | 1/3rd root completed | 2/3rd root completed | Crown almost completed | Dental | null | bca2dad7-33f2-4d9d-9f82-21e07c121bc2 | single |
Number of ossification centres in femur is: | The femur ossifies from five centres: in the shaft, head, greater and lesser trochanters and the distal end. Other than the clavicle, it is the first long bone to ossify. | 3 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 7 | Anatomy | null | e8475697-940f-47ef-91ed-fc8905922603 | single |
Maximum shortening of limbs occur in | Ans. is 'b' i.e. posterior dislocation of hip Be sure of the answer, we have been taught this in the clinics.Shortening of the limb is seen in: (in decreasing order)Post dislocation of hip (maximum) shaft femur Intertrochanteric neck femur | 2 | Trochantric femur | Post dislocation of hip | neck femur | Anterior dislocation of hip | Orthopaedics | Fracture Neck of Femur | 3ac64cd3-3d21-4078-995a-f52056daf11c | single |
Stereotactic radiosurgery is a form of | Stereotactic radiosurgery means delivery of precise high dose radiation in a single fraction to intracranial targetsReference: Eric J Hall Textbook of Radiobiology for Radiologist; 5th edition | 1 | Radiotherapy | Cryosurgery | Neurosurgery intervention | Embolisation and radiofrequency ablation | Radiology | Radiotherapy | 2b937e1d-c1a1-4364-9313-63a2ff374ac4 | single |
Streptococcal cross reactivity affects which organ? | Ans. is 'd' i.e. All of the above * Non-supporative complications are due to antigenic cross-reactivity of streptococcal antigenic component with human tissues. This antigen cross reactivity is resoponsible for the production of cross reacting antibodies, i.e. antibodies are formed against streptococcal antigens but th... | 4 | Heart | Skin | Joint | All of the above | Pathology | Infectious Disease | b734ab5b-8b31-478c-9a83-c4b3f9c8e513 | multi |
In a patient of unilateral loss of vision, the patient had injury to opposite eye leading to corneal opacification. The patient was operated by corneal grafting, he could see clearly again with one eye. The injury is said to be | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Grievous This patient had permanent vision loss as it was corrected by surgery (corneal transplant). Permanent loss of sight of either eye is grievous hu. Injuries can be classified as 1. A simple injury is one which is neither extensive nor serious, and which would heal rapidly without leaving any pe... | 1 | Simple | Grievous | Dangerous | Hazardous | Forensic Medicine | null | 6d8023fe-7a66-445c-9c74-8f012d3a027e | single |
A patient with a history of ankle edema, shortness of breath and orthopnea, is probably suffering from: | null | 3 | Asthma | Emphysema | Cardiac decompensation | Constrictive pericarditis | Medicine | null | 892ae521-49b7-4de9-93fa-b98ccf97d274 | single |
Fibromuscular wall is seen in: | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Gall bladder o The extrahepatic biliary tree and gallbladder share a similar microscopic anatomy, consisting of a fibro muscular wall lived by mucin producing columnar epithelium similar to that seen in intrahepatic bile ducts.Gall bladder (review)o Gall bladder is a pear-shaped small sac attached to ... | 1 | Gall bladder | Duodenum | Jejunum | ileum | Anatomy | Hepatobiliary System | 3dd94a16-45d4-44cb-9b04-f826177ea01a | multi |
When a person moves from a supine position to a standing position, which of the following compensatory changes occurs? | When a person moves to a standing position, blood pools in the leg veins, causing decreased venous return to the hea, decreased cardiac output, and decreased aerial pressure. The baroreceptors detect the decrease in aerial pressure, and the vasomotor center is activated to increase sympathetic outflow and decrease para... | 2 | Decreased hea rate | Increased contractility | Decreased total peripheral resistance (TPR) | Decreased cardiac output | Physiology | Cardiac Output | 8324181b-2cf3-4cef-ac98-a66bd9b7437d | single |
Kernohan notch phenomenon is seen with: | Kernohan notch phenomenon is usually caused by subdural hematomas. It is characterized by motor palsy on ipsilateral side of primary lesion.
i.e lesion on right side of brain results in right sided motor palsy due to indentation over left cerebral peduncle becuase of uncal or lateral transtentorial herniation. | 1 | Uncal herniation | Subfalcine herniation | Cerebellar herniation | None of the above | Surgery | null | ff3bb058-39a0-45ab-9c9e-51714a8c9aee | multi |
A 30-year old male with history of alcohol abuse for 15 years is brought to the hospital emergency with complaints of fearfulness, mis-recognition, talking to self, aggressive behavior, tremulousness and seeing snakes and reptiles that are not visible to others around him. There is history of drinking alcohol two * day... | Ans. is 'a' i.e. Delirium TremensRef Neeraj Ahuja 4th/e p36, 37It is a case of Delirium tremensIt is the most severe alcohol withdrawal syndromeIt usually occurs within 2-4 days of complete or significant abstinence.Symptoms areClouding of consciousnessPoor attention spanVisual hallucinations which are often vivid and ... | 1 | Delirium tremens | Alcoholic hallucinosis | Schizophrenia | Seizure disorder | Psychiatry | Alcohol-Related Disorders | 3e87d19f-24dc-4f58-9f84-02efe30b6543 | multi |
Vitamin C is necessary in the formation of collagen. It is required for the conversion of: | Ans. (a) Proline to hydroxyprolineRef: Harpers Biochemistry, 30th ed. pg. 47, 562* Ascorbic acid is needed for a variety of biosynthetic pathways, by accelerating hydroxylation and amidation reactions.* In the synthesis of collagen, ascorbic acid is required as a cofactor for following enzymes:# Prolyl hydroxylase# Lys... | 1 | Proline to hydroxyproline | Beta-carotene to vitamin A | Glutamate to gamma-carboxyglutamate | Pyridoxine to pyridoxal phosphate | Biochemistry | Proteins and Amino Acids | 05bef95b-9727-4485-9cc2-3b0173d78cab | single |
Lipid in tissue detected by - | . Oil Red O | 1 | Oil Red O | Muciramine | PAS | Myeloperoxidase | Pathology | null | c74bd460-c477-4a92-b522-56e5e830a489 | single |
In colposcopy, following are visualized except : | Upper 2/3rd endocervix Colposcopy is a method to evaluate the changes in the terminal vascular network of the cervix, the transformation zone, Vagina and Fornix. In the cervix, upper 2/3"i of endocervix is not visualized by colposcopy (the maximum limit being 5 mm above the canal). A colposcope is a binocular microscop... | 1 | Upper 2/3rd endocervix | Lower 1/3rd endocervix | Vault of vagina | Lateral fornix | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | e1814ee2-ce52-4416-9871-7ae719683367 | multi |
Pigmented Villonodular synovitis most commonly involves? | Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a benign proliferative condition affecting synol membranes of joints, bursae or tendons resulting from synol proliferation with villous and nodular projections and haemosiderin deposition. PVNS is most commonly mono aicular mainly involving Knee joint | 2 | Shoulder | Knee | Hip | Ankle | Radiology | Musculoskeletal Radiology | 1d2dce7c-2dfb-49df-abf0-7f2de7327354 | single |
Drug of choice for Trigeminal neuralgia is : | null | 1 | Carbamazepine | Phenobarbitone | Phenytoin | Valproic acid | Pharmacology | null | 62529b16-462b-4f1b-8316-a5f42788abb7 | single |
Which of the following statements regarding glioblastoma multiforme is true? | Glioblastoma Multiforme most common form of primary intracranial neuroepithelial tumor. It represents 25% of all intracranial tumors and 50% of tumors originating in the central nervous system. It is a heterogeneous glial cell tumor derived from the malignant degeneration of an astrocytoma or anaplastic astrocytoma. Th... | 2 | It is a neuronal cell tumor | It arises from the malignant degeneration of an astrocytoma | With aggressive treatment, most patients can live up to 10 years with this disease | It is the most common childhood intracranial neoplasm | Surgery | CNS Tumors | 0b041bb4-b9df-450f-88a2-a310516d16b7 | multi |
Steeple sign is seen in? | Due to narrowing of the airway it resembles the steeple of the church. It is a characteric x ray finding for croup/ acute laryngo tracheo bronchitis. Croup is a viral infection, most common causative agent is parainfluenza virus C/F fever, malaise, respiratory distress, barking cough, stridor Rx: Mild case Dexamethason... | 2 | Influenza infection | Croup | Laryngomalacia | Acute epiglottitis | Pediatrics | JIPMER 2018 | 8f905234-66fd-494d-93fd-75a8758c06ff | single |
In ohotropic liver transplantation, which is the best way to get bile drainage in donor&;s liver | Liver transplant is becoming popular for cirrhosis with varices. It is ideal, final and best. But donor availability and cost is the problem. If patient is for ohotopic liver transplantation (OLT), open shunt surgeries should not be done as liver hilum should be kept virgin for effective transplantation. TIPSS can be d... | 1 | Donor bile duct with recipient bile duct or Roux en Y choledochojejunostomy | Donor bile duct with duodenum of recipient | Donor bile duct with jejunum of recipient | External drainage for few days followed by choledochojejunostomy | Surgery | G.I.T | 0845ede5-148a-4682-9147-e2aa842d679a | single |
Coicotrophs produce all except - | Ans. is'd'i.e., b-enkephalinCoicotrophs produce pOMC gene products.Derivatives of pOMC are:-Pituitary hormones:ACTH, MSHbeta-lipotropic hormone (beta-LpH)gamma-lipotropic hormone (y-LpH)beta-endorphinCLIP (coicotropin-like intermediate lobe peptide). | 4 | ACTH | b-endorphin | CLIP | b-enkephalin | Physiology | null | 3f981fca-7572-415f-ada4-f1439d5e2e8f | multi |
The accepted polymer to monomer ratio for packing of polymethyl methacrylate resin is | null | 1 | 3:01 | 4:01 | 10:01 | 5:01 | Dental | null | d4a379f1-5daf-43f5-a1dc-8c52465505f4 | single |
A 25-year-old woman sustains a deep, open laceration over her right forearm in a motorcycle accident. The wound is cleaned and sutured. During the next 3 months, the wound heals with formation of a linear scar. Which of the following nutritional factors is required for proper collagen assembly in the scar tissue of the... | Vitamin C. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is a powerful, biologic reducing agent that is necessary for the hydroxylation of proline residues in collagen. Most of the clinical features associated with vitamin C deficiency (scurvy) are caused by the formation of an abnormal collagen that lacks tensile strength. Patients with ... | 4 | Folic acid | Thiamine | Vitamin A | Vitamin C | Pathology | Inflammation & Repair | e73848fa-8f45-4725-be6c-60b1d28f059d | single |
Indicated treatment of thyrotoxicosis in case of pregnancy: | null | 2 | Radioactive iodine. | Antithyroid drugs. | Surgery. | Any of the above. | Surgery | null | 91dcf133-f444-4577-a41f-6bb66ea7e39a | multi |
Iron absorption takes place in which pa of intestine? | Ans. is 'a' i.e., DuodenumAlmost all iron absorption occurs in the duodenum. | 1 | Duodenum | Ileum | Jejunum | Colon | Physiology | null | 80a09353-3b8b-4e4b-84c1-5c426d9881ee | single |
All occur in process of accommodation of eye except | Ans. b (Dilatation of pupil). (Ref. Parson, Diseases of Eye, 18th/pg.49, Basak, 2nd /68)ACCOMMODATION is ability to see near objects clearly, by increasing converging power of eye.Its components include:1. Constriction of ciliary muscles and sphincter pupillae2. Constriction of pupil3. Change in lens curvature (anterio... | 2 | Contraction of sphincter pupillae | Dilatation of pupil | Change in lens curvature | Contraction of ciliary muscles | Ophthalmology | Errors of Refraction | 02d40455-76a1-4dcc-a8c6-5786553e967d | multi |
In surgical procedure NOTES entry point is through | Answer- C. MouthScarless surgery, also known as Natural Orifice Translumetal Endoxopic Surgery (NOTES), involves passing surgical instruments through a natural orifice, such as mouth and vagina | 3 | Anus | Umbilicus | Mouth | null | Surgery | null | aa3fe59b-2df3-4951-8c6d-42146eb63239 | multi |
A teenager brought to the emergency room is noted to be hyperventilating. Blood gas studies demonstrate both a respiratory alkalosis and a metabolic acidosis. This presentation is most suggestive of poisoning with which of the following agents? | It is woh learning the presentations of the common poisons listed in the answer choices, because a timely diagnosis can sometimes save a patient's life. The presentation of the teenager in the question is typical for salicylate poisoning, including poisoning with aspirin. Fatalities are typically due to dehydration and... | 4 | Acetaminophen | Carbon monoxide | Lead | Salicylates | Forensic Medicine | null | aec5ce14-f781-4cb7-89ad-f1a4e3c1965b | multi |
Death of judicial hanging is because of : | C i.e. Fracture dislocation of upper cervical | 3 | Vasovagal shock | Occlusion of airway | Fracture disclocation of upper cervical veebra | Coma | Forensic Medicine | null | 60d464f6-ed63-46ff-be03-54a620d61088 | single |
Shade determination of composite resin restoration on a tooth should be done; | null | 1 | Before placement of rubber dam | On a dry tooth | Under bright light | Using a dry shade guide | Dental | null | b8886701-f82e-426c-b6b4-caa292f19338 | single |
A patient is brought to the hospital with history of A 8 hours back. A few drops of blood were noted at the external urethral meatus. He has not passed urine and his bladder is palpable per abdomen. What is the probable diagnosis? | The patient in the question following A has blood in the urethral meatus and a palpable abdominal mass both of which indicate the presence of injury to membranous urethra. Injury to membranous urethra occur following fracture of pelvis or avulsion of symphysis pubis. Rupture usually occur at the junction of membranous ... | 1 | Urethral injury | Rupture of bladder | Anuria due to hypovolemia | Ureteral injury with extravasation of urine into the retro peritoneum | Surgery | null | b0a7408e-7d90-4663-a44c-c6eb704134ea | single |
All are complications of gall stones except: (Repeat) | Ans: A (Hepatocellular Ca) Ref: Bailey and Love's Short Practice of Surgery 25lh Edition & Schwartz, 's Principles of Surgery, 9th EditionExplanation:Complications of Gall StonesAcute and chronic cholecystitisJaundiceMucocele of GBEmpyema of GBGangrene of GBSepsisCa gallbladderCholangitisPancreatitisMirrizi syndrome: B... | 1 | HepatocellularCa | Acute cholangitis | Mucocele | Empyema of gallbladder | Surgery | Gallstone Disease | 14727bc0-5153-46f0-97b9-c913311c2f68 | multi |
All are true about cohort studies except - | null | 2 | Prospective | Useful for rare diseases | Necessary for incidence | Costly | Social & Preventive Medicine | null | 6cd5d573-840f-4b41-b162-47d46eaa915b | multi |
Type I hypersensitivity, the mediator is: | [A) (IgE) (161-AN 7th) (202-206-CP)Type of reactionClinical syndromeMediatorsType I - IgE1. Anaphylaxis2. Atopy P.K. reactionIgE, histamine and other pharmacological agents | 1 | IgE | IgE | IgM | IgC | Microbiology | Immunology | 73932e61-37db-4a4a-bd3a-5148d1e7f783 | single |
Frey's syndrome is caused due to damage to? | Gustatory sweating (auriculotemporal syndrome) commonly occurs following parotid surgery or other surgery or trauma that results in opening of the parotid capsule. It is thought to arise as a result of damage to the autonomic nerve fibres supplying the parotid gland and the overlying sweat glands. During the healing pr... | 2 | Postauricular nerve | Auriculotemporal nerve | Both of the above | None of the above | Anatomy | null | 233eae22-7079-4e71-a825-98b9b177d44b | multi |
What should be the value of BMI for it to be classified as obesity? | BMI stands for the Body Mass Index which is used to predict weight for the respective height. It is defined as the weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in metres and is expressed as kg/m2. A value of BMI > 30 is classified as obesity and a BMI of > 40 is classified under class III obesity. A BMI > 20 up ... | 3 | > 50 | > 40 | > 30 | > 20 | Social & Preventive Medicine | null | 2fe954c6-2b59-4c56-8b05-bf28760b450f | single |
B cell functions is tested by all of the following except? | measurement of CH 50 is the best screening test for defiency of classical and terminal pathways.hemolytic activity of compliment system is measured as the hemolysis of sheep erythrocytes sensitised by specific antibodies.the degree of hemolysis is measured by CH 50 REF:HARRISONS PRINCIPLE&;S OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 18TH E... | 1 | C H 50 count | Amount of Ig G | PPD testing | Cytokine | Medicine | Immune system | 2b54e226-b165-45a3-8dea-f611a3d6d8f1 | multi |
Aeria pancreatic magna is a branch of which aery ? | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Splenic Branches of coeliac trunkThe coeliac trunk is only about 1.25 cm long and it ends by divided into its three terminal branches :?1) Left gastric aery :- It is the smallest branch of coeliac trunk. It ends by anastomosing with right gastric aery. It gives off :a) Two or three esophageal branches... | 4 | Left gastric | Right gastric | Common hepatic | Splenic | Anatomy | null | 503a073d-2e67-42ac-8b0d-c1df37328865 | single |
Asherman's syndrome is characterized by: March 2004 | Ans. A i.e. Amenorrhoea | 1 | Amenorrhoea | Dysmenorrhoea | Leucorrhoea | Metrorrhagia | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | 538474f1-2c06-4d59-a2e2-47da139e899c | single |
Low renin ls seen In A/E- | Hypervolemia leads to low plasma renin. Low renin measurements differentiate primary from secondary, hyperreninemic forms of hyperaldosteronism seen in renovascular hypeension, coarctation of the aoa, renin-secreting neoplasms, or diuretic therapy Ref Davidson 23rd edition pg 486 | 3 | Essential hypeension | Conn's syndrome | Renovascular hypeension | Liddle syndrome | Medicine | C.V.S | 9d4bc6ea-ddb5-45e1-960a-fefc8ce1fc41 | single |
Most common type of hypopharyngeal carcinoma is? | Ans. is 'c' i.e., SCC * Squamous cell carcinoma is by far the most malignant tumor of the larynx and hypopharynx. | 3 | Adenocarcinoma | Lymphoma | SCC | Neuro-endocrine tumor | Pathology | Neoplasia | 64945c85-2750-4ff7-8e6a-8174bb7c7738 | single |
Most important step in the repair of an indirect inguinal hernia is : | Most important step of hernia repair is narrowing of internal ring. | 2 | Herniotomy | Narrowing of the internal ring | Bassini' s repair | Transfixation of the neck of the sac | Surgery | null | 86d85eb3-9720-4561-9a64-6ae92735e3a1 | multi |
All are true about diffuse axonal injury except | Diffuse axonal injuryThis is a form of primary brain injury, seen in high-energyaccidents, and which usually renders the patient comatose. It is strictly a pathological diagnosis made at postmoem, but haemorrhagic foci in the corpus callosum and dorsolateral rostral brainstem on CT may be suggestive, although the CT of... | 1 | Can occur even with tril trauma | Patient might be in comatose condition | CT might be normal | Type of primary brain injury | Surgery | Trauma | e240526b-d425-402c-afd5-0696cd1515ef | multi |
A 65 year old male is brought to the outpatient clinic with one year illness characterized by marked forgetfulness, visual hallucination, suspiciousness, personality decline, poor self-care and progressive deterioration in his condition. His Mini-Mental Status Examinations (MMSE)score is 10. his most likely diagnosis i... | Question is straight forward without any confusion.
Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) score of 10 suggests definitive cognitive impairment. Amongst the given options only dementia is a cognitive disorder (other are delirium and amnestic disorders).
Forgetfulness, personality decline; lack of personal care and low M... | 1 | Dementia | Schizophrenia | Mania | Depression | Psychiatry | null | 20401455-21ff-466e-a694-a61a8f600bdc | multi |
Commonest cause of enlarged cardiac shadow in X-ray of a child is - | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Rheumatic carditis o Cardiac failure causes cardiomegaly o MC cause of cardiac failure in children (elder than infants) is rheumatic fever and rheumatic hea disease. | 4 | PDA | Coarctation of Aoa | Pericarditis | Rheumatic carditis | Pediatrics | null | 789013ee-9d00-43db-93cd-37ec2d192be3 | single |
In skull fracture, the condition in which an operation is not done immediately is - | null | 3 | Depressed fracture | Compound fracture | CSF leak | Increased size of head | Surgery | null | 35cd6ca3-646e-42b9-b25d-f75b999448c1 | single |
All are features of renal tubular acidosis type I except | The hypokalemia and abnormally low excretion of ammonium, as estimated by the urine anion gap, in the absence of glycosuria, phosphaturia, or aminoaciduria (Fanconi's syndrome), defines the entity of classic distal renal tubular acidosis (dA), also known as type 1 A.Fanconi's syndrome (a type 2 proximal renal tubular a... | 4 | Stone in kidney | No anion gap | Hypokalemia | Fanconi's syndrome | Medicine | All India exam | a555096b-ac0f-41ae-8c4d-2ae77d735702 | multi |
The characteristic lesion of atherosclerosis is - | Ans-D | 4 | Fibrinoid necrosis of the media | Giant cell reaction in the retina and internal elastic lamina | Organised thrombus in the affected segment | 'Fibro-fatty' lesion in the intima of the blood vessel | Unknown | null | eb0f2be8-d38e-4690-9612-7c7e9cc18d00 | single |
Botulinum toxin causes? | null | 2 | Tachycardia | Bilateral cranial nerve involvement | Fever | Hypertension | Microbiology | null | ac9de86f-3d37-498b-93e1-748617426cc2 | single |
The disadvantage of Marshall Marchetti Krantz procedure compared with other surgical alternatives for treatment of stress urinary incontinence includes: | Ans. is d, i.e. Osteitis pubisRef: Telinde 9th/ed, p1057-8; Textbook of Gynae, Sheila Balakrishnan 1st/ed, p329Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz (MMK) procedure, involves the attachment of the periurethral tissue to the symphysis pubuis.In approximately, 3% of patients undergoing the procedure, osteitis pubis develops. | 4 | Urinary retention | Increased incidence of urinary tract infections | High failure rate | Osteitis pubis | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Urinary Fistulas | 72947158-526a-4040-81a3-86ad76282ae4 | multi |
In a study done to establish smoking as a risk factor for a disease, 30 out of 50 smokers developed the disease while 10 out of 50 non-smokers developed the disease. Odds ratio is? | null | 1 | 6 | 3 | 5 | 10 | Social & Preventive Medicine | null | 1e4285d3-3ec9-448a-8fe1-07fd76a1ff45 | single |
High tracheostomy is done in which one of the following condition? | (D) Laryngeal cancer[?]High tracheostomy is done above the level of thyroid isthmus (isthmus lies against II, III and IV tracheal rings). It violates the 1st ring of trachea. Tracheostomy at this site can cause perichondritis of the cricoid cartilage and subglottic stenosis and is always avoided. Only indication for hi... | 4 | Vocal cord palsy | Tracheomalacia | Foreign body | Laryngeal cancer | ENT | Larynx | 26782fc1-239a-4a57-a5ce-81354186abfb | single |
Most common cause of respiratory distress after bih in first 24 hours is - | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Meconium aspiration o Most common cause of respiratory distress in a term or post-term neonate -4 Meconium aspiration. o Most common cause of respiratory distress in a preterm infant --> hyaline membrane disease. | 2 | Neonatal sepsis | Meconium aspiration | Bacterial pneumonia | Air embolism | Pediatrics | null | 6a4772cb-3809-4a6d-9ab0-0ac89bd26a5a | single |
Bone marrow examination of a 2 year old child with massive splenomegaly and pancytopenia showed cells with wrinkled paper appearance of cytoplasm. What could be the possible diagnosis? | Given scenario suggests Gaucher disease Gaucher disease is the most common lysosomal storage disorder with a defect of lysosomal enzyme acid b glucosidase. Gaucher cells are lipid laden macrophages that show a characteristic histologic appearance of "wrinkled tissue paper" of cytoplasm. | 2 | Niemann Pick disease | Gaucher disease | Acute Leukemia | Hereditary spherocytosis | Pediatrics | Lysosomal Storage Diseases | 5b48523f-cccd-4cfe-aa31-0603426d9c5b | single |
Rind sign is seen: | Radiologically the radiolucent lesions in fibrous dysplasia are surrounded by a thick sclerotic border and this is known as rind sign. | 3 | Marfan syndrome. | Osteopetrosis. | Fibrous dysplasia. | All of the above. | Pathology | null | 8144146c-56be-4976-afa3-b91351a3d2b9 | multi |
Which one of the following morphological characteristic is representative of all posterior maxillary teeth? | From MD aspect, all posterior teeth have a trapezoidal outline with shortest uneven side toward the occlusal surface.
A, Present posteriorily on first premolar;
B, Exceptions may be the DB root of the maxillary second molar;
C, From mesial and distal aspect, all posterior mandibular teeth, not maxillary posterior teeth... | 4 | Marked mesial concavity on crowns and roots. | Tips of cusps are well within the confines of the root trunks. | From mesial/distal aspect, crowns are rhomboidal in shape. | From mesial/distal aspect, all maxillary posterior crowns are trapezoidal with shortest uneven side toward occlusal surface. | Dental | null | 9782f30c-4615-4182-883c-be4d4bba4851 | multi |
Which of the following statements is not true for contact ulcer ? | Ans. is 'a' i.e. The commonest site is the junction of the anterior l/3rd and middle l/3rd of vocal cord and gastroesophageal reflux is the causative factor.Ref. Scott-Brown's Otolaryngology, 6th/e, volume 5th/, p5/1 1/3Though gastroesophageal reflux is considered to be an aetiological factor, the commonest site for co... | 1 | The commonest site is the junction of anterior l/3rd and middle l/3rd of vocal cord and gastroesophageal reflux is the causative factor. | Can be caused by intubation injury. | The vocal process is the site and is caused/aggravated by acid reflux. | Can be caused by adductor dysphonia. | Unknown | null | fddfec3a-4d9e-4099-a371-ea0a16d0da41 | multi |
All of the following show false negative result on EPT (electric pulp testing) except: | null | 4 | Teeth with calcified canal | Immature teeth | Sedated patient, either alcohol or drugs | Moist gangrenous pulp | Dental | null | 68cd33b8-f3bc-4913-8a60-0151e5b762ad | multi |
Ekbom syndrome is:- | Restless leg syndrome / Ekbom syndrome. Sensorimotor disorder, commonly seen in 5-15% of the population. Affects females and after 40 years. 4 salient diagnostic features being: Urge to move limbs, commonly associated with premonitory sensory discomfo Motor restlessness Relief by activity Evening/Night worsening Pathop... | 2 | Narcolepsy | Restless leg syndrome | Pica | Delusion of nihilism | Psychiatry | Substance Related and Addictive Disorders | 12324900-2e30-4a44-b907-708356b653a4 | single |
Elemental iron supplementation in Iron deficiency anemia is - | One tablet of iron containing 100mg of elemental iron is given daily. REF. PARK'S TEXTBOOK OF PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDICAL 21ST EDITION. PAGE NO - 594 | 3 | 300-400 mg | 150-200 mg | 100-150 mg | <100 mg | Social & Preventive Medicine | Nutrition and health | 26c9d98f-d399-4488-b452-c5bfabfa62f6 | single |
Pendred syndrome due to mutation of ? | Ans. is `b' i.e., Pendrin Pendred syndrome or Pendred disease :? Pendred syndrome or Pendred disease is a genetic disorder leading to congenital bilateral (both sides) sensorineural hearing loss and goitre with occasional hypothyroidism. It has been linked to mutations in the PDSgene, which codes for the pendrin protei... | 2 | Baillin | Pendrin | Fibrillin | Reticulin | Pathology | null | ef4212cd-fc0d-46ad-b33d-d1f5899b5657 | single |
Lyophilization means | Freeze-drying--technically known as lyophilization or cryodesiccation--is a dehydration process typically used to preserve a perishable material or make the material more convenient for transpo.Viruses can be preserved by storage at subfreezing temperatures, and some may withstand lyophilization and can thus be preserv... | 2 | Sterilizations | Freeze drying | Burning to ashes | Exposure to formation | Microbiology | general microbiology | 7b81040c-9388-452c-95e8-c7de8bc5a321 | single |
True about relations of renal aery and vein ? | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Right renal vein shoer than left renal vein Renal vasculature Each kidney is supplied by renal aery (branch of abdominal aoa) and is drained by renal vein to IVC. o Renal aery :- Right renal aery is longer and passes behind IVC. Renal aery divides into : ? a) Posterior division :- Supplies posterior s... | 3 | Left renal vein passes behind aoa | Renal aery passes in front of IVC | Right renal vein shoer than left renal vein | Renal aery is a branch of internal iliac aery | Anatomy | null | eadf40f6-d7f3-4d2f-a04b-f7caee23ef59 | multi |
A 62-year-old man is admitted to the emergency department due to increasing difficulty in urinating over a period of several months. Physical examination reveals prostatic hypertrophy. After several unsuccessful attempts to catheterize the penile urethra, the urologist orders drainage of the urinary bladder by the leas... | The retropubic space (of Retzius) is the extraperitoneal space between the pubic symphysis and the bladder. A needle placed over the pubic bone, through the body wall, and into the space of Retzius will enter the full bladder but avoids entry into the peritoneum and there is little risk of damaging major organs or vess... | 3 | Ischioanal fossa | Perineal body | Retropubic space (of Retzius) | Superficial perineal cleft | Anatomy | Abdomen & Pelvis | 84b0180b-3089-44ff-af7d-78564b578248 | single |
Calculate the specificity of the screening test: Screening test results Diseased Not diseased Total Positive 400 200 600 Negative 100 600 700 Total 500 800 1300 | Specificity is the ability of a test to identify correctly those who do not have the disease, that is, the percentage of "true negatives" among those not diseased. In the above question, there are 600 true negatives among 800 who are not diseased. Hence, the specificity is (600/800)x100 = 75 per cent. Ref: Park's Textb... | 2 | 70 per cent | 75 per cent | 80 per cent | 85 per cent | Social & Preventive Medicine | null | ca9932e7-fb48-48c2-b4ce-fc0684b3ee23 | single |
Among the following disorders which is not seen more in males than females? | Ans. D. Anorexia nervosaAnorexia nervosa is an eating disorder, characterized by low weight, food restriction, fear of gaining weight, and a strong desire to be thin. Many people with anorexia see themselves as overweight even though they are, in fact, underweight. They often deny that they have a problem with low weig... | 4 | Autism | Conduct disorder | Oppositional defiant disorder | Anorexia Nervosa | Psychiatry | Child Psychiatry | 159473c0-b695-46e2-bf05-4acb948fd90c | single |
OCP's are contraindicated in women receiving which of the following drug ? | OCPs are contraindicated in patient on enzyme-inducing drugs like rifampicin, and antiepileptic except sodium valproate. Rifampicin induces cytochrome 450 ,increasing the hepatic hydroxlation of estrogen by which there is a fourfold increase in its metabolism. This causes clearance and deceased effect of estrogen. Refe... | 1 | Rifampicin | Ethambutol | Streptomycin | Pyrazinamide | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Contraception | 84ab63c5-c08c-40b4-9efd-d310be66ec4f | single |
All of the following statements are true regarding cavernous sinus thrombosis EXCEPT: | Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis does not involve the Mandibular BRANCH of trigeminal, hence jaw jerk is intact. Other features are :- Inferior Ophthalmic Vein can spread infection from dangerous area of face Loss of sensation around the eye | 1 | Loss of jaw jerk | Inferior Ophthalmic Vein can spread infection from dangerous area of face | Ethmoidal Sinusitis is the most common cause | Loss of sensation around the eye | Anatomy | Cranial cavity | 3408b7e5-bf68-4477-bb98-9d54716e2891 | multi |
A 25 year old male presents to the dental clinic with black spots on his tooth. Intra-oral examination reveals pit and fissure caries with 16. Which of the following ICDAS score will be given to this tooth based on the histological depth of the lesion? | null | 3 | Lesion depth in P/F was 50% inner enamel and 50% into the outer 1/3 dentin - score 2 | Lesion depth in P/F with 77% in dentin - score 3 | Lesion depth in P/F with 100% in dentin - score 5 | Lesion depth in P/F was 100% reaching inner 1/3 dentin - score 6 | Dental | null | a9d34370-cb37-42ad-833e-5ef2256d68a8 | single |
CASPAR criteria is used in diagnosis | Classification criteria for Psoriatic ahritis is used in the diagnosis of psoriatic ahropathy Refer : maheswari 9th ed | 1 | Psoriatic ahritis | Rheumatoid ahritis | Ankylosing spondylitis | Reactive Synovitis | Orthopaedics | Joint disorders | 053f73df-b721-450d-8818-463fb7118169 | single |
Which one of the following gross appearances of a kidney is most characteristic of malignant nephrosclerosis? | Renal aeriolar changes in malignant nephrosclerosis (malignant hypeension) include fibrinoid necrosis of aerioles (necrotizing aeriolitis), hyperplastic aeriolosclerosis (onion-skinning), necrotizing glomerulitis, and often a thrombotic microangiopathy. Grossly, multiple small petechial hemorrhages are found on the sur... | 3 | Broad U-shaped coical scars overlying dilated calyces in renal poles | Depressed coical areas overlying necrotic papillae of varying stages | Multiple small petechial hemorrhages on the surface | Multiple small white areas on the surface | Pathology | miscellaneous | 64528e1e-fc04-495d-b051-509ff608d34b | multi |
Ketamine acts an which receptor | Ketamine has multiple effects throughout the central nervous system, and it is well recognized to inhibit N-methyl-D-aspaate (NMDA) channels and neuronal hyperpolarization-activated cationic (HCN1) channels. Ref: Morgan & Mikhail's clinical anesthesiology 6e | 3 | GABAA | GABAB | NMDA | Glutamate | Anaesthesia | General anaesthesia | d101e7c4-1e2f-43d4-af77-b0e044a4207a | single |
DNA sequencing by the Sanger method takes advantage of which propey of DNA synthesis to generate a sequencing ladder? | Addition of nucleotides requires a free OH group on the 3' end of the DNA strand The Sanger method of DNA sequencing is also known as chain termination sequencing. In this method, DNA strands are synthesized in the presence of a low concentration of dideoxynucleosides (ddNTPs) in addition to deoxynucleosides (dNTPs). I... | 1 | Addition of nucleotides requires a free OH group on the 3' end of the DNA strand | DNA has a free 5' phosphoryl group | DNA polymerase has proofreading capabilities | Nucleotides are linked by phosphodiester bonds | Surgery | null | 85087c1e-da65-4197-9c52-18ecdd39bfba | single |
Septum secundum arises from: | Septum secundum Grows down from theroof of the common atrium(primitive atrium)toward the atrioventricular endocardial cushions. Present on the right side of the septum primum. Contains foramen ovale for the pasage of blood from RA to LA. Note =Order of hea tube on day 21 from caudal to cranial Sinus venosus Atrium Vent... | 3 | Bulbus cordis | Primitive ventricle | Primitive atrium | Sinus venosus | Anatomy | CVS Embryology | d6417bdc-3438-43df-bb1a-d5fa664c57a4 | single |
Most common type of schizophrenia is | Most common-paranoid Best prognosis-catatonic Worst prognosis-simple Personality deterioration-hebephrenic Ref: Essentials of postgraduate psychiatry By JN Vyas 1st ed Pg 365-370 | 1 | Paranoid | Catatonic | Hebephrenic | Simple | Psychiatry | Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders | 1c7222d5-8536-4b29-9d2a-fdaf8f802c08 | single |
The rationale for giving prophylactic antibiotics at the beginning of a surgical procedure can be thought of as an attempt to prevent the bacteria from entering which of the following growth phases? | Ans. C. Log phase1. Max. size in lag phase2. Max. active, dividing, smaller cells with uniform staining in log phase3. Speculation, exotoxin production & antibiotic production occurs in stationary phase4. Involutional forms in phase of decline. | 3 | Death phase | Lag phase | Log phase | Phase of decline | Microbiology | General | 7f550afd-6824-420f-b20f-e9e0efd38004 | single |
Cells seen in MI at 48 hours are | The microscopic appearance also undergoes a characteristic sequence of changes . Typical features of coagulative necrosis become detectable within 4 to 12 hours of infarction. "Wavy fibers" also can be present at the edges of an infarct. Light microscopic features in 1-3 days include: Coagulation necrosis with loss of ... | 1 | polymorphs | Fibroblasts | Lymphocytes | Macrophages | Pathology | Cardiovascular system | 3e8b63d4-ebc8-4ddc-ac90-134456f12a05 | single |
Initiation of impulse stas in | Several inhibitory synapses are located directly on the axon hillock and initial axon segment. This location provides especially powerful inhibition because it has the direct effect of increasing the threshold for excitation at the very point where the action potential is normally generated.Ref: Guyton; 13th edition; C... | 2 | Axon | Axon hillock and initial segment | Cell body | Dendritic tree | Physiology | General physiology | db8d2e6d-3d98-4ca1-a145-aa1cf7e2d3b8 | single |
The investigation of choice for acute cholecystitis is: | A i.e. USG | 1 | USG | HIDA-Scan | CT-Scan | OCG | Radiology | null | f735cb87-7678-4440-a39b-0976421f479d | single |
Which of the following emits gamma radiations only? | Radionuclides react with hydroxyapatite and the pattern of uptake is seen on the bone scan. Strontium-89, Samarium-153, Phosphorus -32, Rhenium-186, Tin -117m emit beta particles with a mean range between 0.2 to 3 mm, minimising toxicity to the surrounding tissues.
Technetium 99m emits gamma radiations and is used as a... | 2 | Strontium 89 | Technetium 99m | Phosphorus 32 | Tin 117m | Radiology | null | 62e51b76-fdc6-48c0-88b2-c61205df7320 | single |
Which among the following is not a copper deficiency disease: | Human copper deficiency diseases of importance are hepatotenticular degeneration (Wilson’s disease) and Menke’s syndrome (Steely-or-Kinky hair syndrome). | 1 | Hunter's disease. | Wilson's disease. | Menke's syndrome. | Hepatolenticular degeneration. | Pathology | null | 46926575-ed47-4299-b3a4-63b7386f5804 | single |
All of the viruses cause pneumonia except: | Several viruses can lead to viral pneumonia, including:
Adenoviruses, which can also cause the common cold and bronchitis.
Chickenpox (Varicella-zoster virus).
Flu (influenza viruses).
Respiratory syncytial virus, which causes cold-like symptoms.
Cytomegalovirus, measles, retrovirus.
Mumps is an acute infectious dise... | 2 | Cytomegalovirus | Mumps | Measles | Retrovirus | Microbiology | null | 6afb6a43-eaff-42cb-8982-0dbffbcd7c95 | multi |
An 84-year-old man has had a reducible hernia in the right groin for 17 years. One day before admission to the hospital, he complains of abdominal pain; because of the swelling, the hernia has become irreducible. At operation, part of the wall of the cecum is noted to form a portion of the hernia sac. What is the herni... | In this variety, the hernia does not have a complete covering of peritoneum. It is called a sliding hernia. It is important that the surgeon does not attempt to remove peritoneum from the circumference bowel wall where it does not exist, because the bowel will become devascularized. | 3 | Appendix | Hydrocele | Sliding hernia | Bladder | Surgery | Small & Large Intestine | b50b418d-94b4-42d2-8e73-2aaa2efd386a | multi |
In which of the following conditions is negative nitroblue tetrazolium dye test result seen? | Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) has a defective NADPH oxidase activity with recurrent infection and granuloma formation affecting gastrointestinal or genitourinary tract. CGD can be diagnosed with the following tests:
Nitroblue-tetrazolium (NBT) test: It is negative in chronic granulomatous disease and positive ... | 2 | Tuberculosis | Chronic granulomatous disease | Severe combined Immunodeficiency | DiGeorge syndrome | Pathology | null | c1b6770d-1ada-4143-8a4b-d35e84d3f314 | single |
Red velvety stomach is seen in? | The classic postmoem feature of Acute Arsenic poisoning is Red velvety stomach. The mucous membrane is covered with tenacious mucus often tinged with blood, and is swollen and red in appearance. The distribution is usually patchy and corresponds to the deposits of paicles of arsenic, around which the inflammatory chang... | 2 | Lead | Arsenic | Copper | Mercury | Forensic Medicine | Toxicology - 2 | 20c45c69-43ca-4fa0-863e-61536f22934b | single |
Manifestations of acute dissection include all of the following except | Ref Harrison 19 th ed pg 1640 Hemopericardium and cardiac tamponade may complicate a type A lesion with retrograde dissection. Acute aoic regurgitation is animpoant and common (>50%) complication of proximal dissection. An electrocardiogram that shows no evidence of myocardial ischemia is helpful in distinguishing aoic... | 3 | Pericardial tamponade | AR | MR | AMI | Medicine | C.V.S | 0d88a799-8c98-405a-9b58-3a00a7a725cf | multi |
Which of the following is a contraindication to nonoperative management of splenic injury? | Hemodynamic instability is the most pressing indication for operative treatment in a patient with splenic injury. In all other situations listed a trial of nonoperative management may be continued. | 3 | Prior hematologic disorder | HIV-positive patient | Hemodynamic instability | Multiple other solid-organ injuries | Surgery | Spleen | 5a6dad5d-15f1-46ed-ab44-99dfa1009a3d | single |
Luftsichel sign is seen in | Luftsichel sign is a sickle shaped lucency of air seen On Chest Radiographs, Seen in Left Upper lobe collapse with Compensatory Left Lower lobe hyperinflation. | 3 | Right upper lobe collapse | Right middle lobe collapse | Left upper lobe collapse | Left lower lobe collapse | Radiology | Respiratory Radiology | c7a0adfc-66e3-428e-9d05-394a7ae19359 | single |
Drug effective against pseudomonas is: | TETRACYCLINES These are a class of antibiotics having a nucleus of four cyclic rings. Mechanism of action The tetracyclines a :- c primarily bacteriostatic; inhibit protein synthe:"i&; by binding to 305 ribosomes in susceptible organism. Subsequent to such binding, attachmer. : o f aminoacyl-t-RNA to the mRNA-ribosomc ... | 3 | Penicillin G | Gentamicin | Tetracycline | Chloramphenicol | Pharmacology | Chemotherapy | a70d2851-0982-4f7f-a282-50c275abfd2e | single |
Fastest acting anti-thyroid drug is | Secretion inhibitors:These are fastest acting anti thyroid drugs. NaI KI Lugol iodine Thyroid peroxidase inhibitor Carbimazole/Methimazole Propylthiouracil Thiocyanate is Na+I+sympoer (NIS) inhibitor. Highly toxic Not used clinically | 1 | Sodium Iodide | Propyl thiouracil | Methimazole | Thiocyanate | Pharmacology | Pituitary-Hypothalmic System and Thyroid | 6918d99b-4554-4849-b584-41fb0dcfe642 | single |
Austin's classification for ossicular chain defects depends on - | Austin - Kartush classification of ossicular chain defect
To predict reconstructive success, the status of the middle ear and ossicular chain needs to be assessed.
The Austin - Kartush classification of ossicular chain defects provides a method for defining pre-reconstructive ossicular status.
Austin's original classi... | 2 | Malleus head and stapes footplate | Malleus handle and stapes suprastructure | Malleus head and stapes suprastructure | Malleus head and stapes head | ENT | null | 8c1299bf-defd-4418-aa0b-0e87483b4449 | multi |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.