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All of the following statements about keloids are true except: | Keloids and hypertrophic scars both occur aftet injuries operations. Hypertrophic scars remain confined to the original injury site and usually regress spontaneously. By contrast, keloids extend beyond the original wound and rarely regress. Keloids contain abnormally large amounts of soluble collagen and water. Keloids... | 3 | A keloid does not regress spontaneously | A keloid extends beyond the boundaries of the original wound. | Keloids or hypertrophic scars are best managed by excision and careful reapproximation of the wound | Keloid tissue contains an abnormally large amount of collagen | Unknown | null | eb9eda71-854d-4c0a-8a77-ab6022574be1 | multi |
Which one of the following DOES NOT lie within the posterior mediastinum? | Phrenic nerve lies in the superior mediastinum and not in the posterior mediastinum. All other choices lies within the posterior mediastinum.Posterior mediastinum: The region containing anatomic structures deep to the pericardial sac, including the thoracic poion of the descending aoa, the azygos system of veins, the t... | 1 | Phrenic nerve | Vagus nerve | Esophagus | Thoracic aoa | Anatomy | null | e4e063b6-ad0d-45d3-bd17-01c596fb4877 | single |
Biochemical etiology of Alzheimer's disease relates it to : | A i.e. Acetyl choline | 1 | Acetylcholine | GABA | Serotinin | Dopamine | Psychiatry | null | 756a6c5e-1347-422c-a4e3-b3f5d04390c9 | single |
The most frequent cause of scalded skin syndrome is ? | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Staphylococci Toxin mediated illness caused by staphylococcus aureus are : Toxic shock syndrome Food poisoning Styphylococcus scalded-skin syndrome Toxic epidermal necrolysis | 1 | Staphylococci | Pneumococci | Enterococci | Meningococci | Microbiology | null | add05d3e-80de-470f-99aa-74b9b994b4c7 | single |
Granuloma formation is not seen in? | Ans, is 'a' i.e. Asthma List of important granulomatous diseases* Important causes of immune granuloma arei) Bacterial infections TB, leprosy, syphilis, brucellosis, salmonellosis, Q-fever, cat scratch disease, yersinia.ii) Fungus & parasites Histoplasma, blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, schistosomiasis, trichiniasis... | 1 | Asthma | Hodgkins disease | Sarcoidosis | Q-Fever | Pathology | Inflammation & Repair | 5ed9419a-95f1-432e-8cce-0507e43f5ec3 | single |
Pringle's Maneuver is used to stop the bleeding from | Pringle maneuver is soft clamping hepatic artery and portal
vein at the point of entry. It is done for liver trauma patients. | 1 | Liver | Spleen | Kidneys | Flail chest | Surgery | null | 10eb7b46-7593-4873-8b02-197ad01a240b | single |
Which of the following does not require a lumbar puncture in children? | b. HL(Ref: Ghai 8/e 616-617)Discussing the options one by one,a. ALLCNS infiltration is common in ALL, so diagnostic lumbar puncture & CSF cytopathology to look for blasts is done; LP is also done to administer intrathecal methotrexateb. HLUsually Lumbar puncture is not requiredc. NHLHematogenous spread may cause CNS s... | 2 | ALL | HL | NHL | AML | Pediatrics | Childhood Tumors | 878f4591-11ce-404a-b41d-29e490ff249e | multi |
The most important cells in type I hypersensitivity - | null | 2 | Macrophages | Mast cells | Neutrophils | Lymphocytes | Microbiology | null | f7a33c4f-876a-42d5-971b-a54251e373d2 | single |
Mechanism of action of duloxetine is ? | Ans. C. Selective inhibition of both serotonin and nor-epinephrine reuptakeDuloxetine, is a drug classified under serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (sNRJs).At lower doses it is more prominent serotonin reuptake inhibitor.Whereas at higher doses it is more prominent inhibitor of nor-epinephrine reuptake.It ha... | 3 | Selective Inhibition of serotonin reuptake | Selective inhibition of nor-epinephrine reuptake | Selective inhibition of both serotonin and nor-epinephrine reuptake | None of the above | Psychiatry | null | 8e77ac52-ed10-401b-87dc-8346ee07b56d | multi |
Epinephrine added to a solution of lignocaine for a peripheral nerve block will: | (Ref: K DT 6/e p354) Adrenaline and felypressin are the vasoconstrictors that are added to LA solution. By causing vasoconstriction, these drugs - decrease the systemic absorption resulting in less CNS adverse effects (decreased chances of seizures). Prolong the stay of drug at the site of action resulting in the incre... | 2 | Increase risk of convulsions | Increase the duration of action of the local anesthetic | Both (a) and (b) | None of these | Pharmacology | Other topics and Adverse effects | 9fab8fb7-ecb4-4d37-9551-8c299ded7b54 | multi |
Conduct disorder in a child manifests with | A i.e. Disregard for rights of others; B i.e. Doesn't care for authority; C i.e. Backward in studies C.D. is characterized by a persistent & significant pattern of conduct in which the basic rights of others are violated or rules of society are not followedQ. Clinical features include: Frequent lying Stealing or robber... | 4 | Disregard for right of others | Doesn't care for authority | Backward in studies | All | Psychiatry | null | 6d5e2bef-7cb3-4702-b89c-e773aa9b1227 | multi |
Roughly what percentage of patient with metastatic epithelial ovarian cancer will be benefited by treatment with an alkylating agent : | 50 to 74 percent | 3 | Less than 10 percent | 25 to 49 percent | 50 to 74 percent | 75 to 89 percent | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | 5a30c0bd-409e-4693-a76c-7faf6508b37e | single |
Which of the following drugs is preferred for long term treatment of severe anxiety disorder with intermittent panic attacks ? | null | 4 | Phenothiazine | Azapirone | β blocker | Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor | Pharmacology | null | 00ef7e1f-df20-4d00-bd90-2f10dd34b60c | single |
Immunisation for HBV is which level of prevention | Specific protection for HBV, comes under primary prevention. | 2 | Primordial | Primary | Secondary | Tertiary | Social & Preventive Medicine | null | 6ae67738-11f1-45fa-be44-637ef5e7cefd | single |
The upper lip is derived from | The upper lip is formed by the fusion of two maxillary prominences with the two medial nasal prominences Ref : Langman's Medical Embryology 14e pg 295,298. | 2 | Maxillary prominence and mandibular prominence | Maxillary prominence and medial nasal prominence | Maxillary prominence and lateral nasal prominence | Mandibular prominence and medial nasal prominence | Anatomy | General anatomy | 87f84d04-bb0d-49d7-a780-27fe106e7ee9 | single |
IUGR babies on delivery are called? | Small for date REF: Williams Obstetrics 22nd edition Chapter 36 Low bihweight defines neonates who are born too small, and preterm or premature bih are the terms used to define neonates who are born too early. With respect to gestational age, a newborn may be preterm, term, or postterm. With respect to size, a newborn ... | 2 | Growth retarded | Small for date | Low Bih Weight | Preterm | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | 96519e75-62e9-4809-a49c-682aecfa60e0 | multi |
Anterior fontanelle ossifies by: March 2013 (b, f) | Ans. C i.e. 18 months Its pathological if anterior fontanelle fails to ossify by 24 months | 3 | 6 months | 12 months | 18 months | 24 months | Pediatrics | null | 221651c6-6cc5-40ea-af60-e730e30eb64e | single |
Impression material that do not harden by chemical reaction: | Reversible materials, such as agar and impression compound, soften upon heating and solidify slightly above body temperature with no chemical change taking place. | 2 | Zinc oxide eugenol | Impression compound | Alginate | Plaster of paris | Dental | null | 12af7d93-fe69-48cc-b67f-1db826820cd5 | single |
Which of the following is true about Coronary blood flow? | Ans. (b) Maximum during diastoleRef.: Ganong 25th ed. 1611* The Flow in coronary arteries occurs in the sub- endocardial portion of the left ventricle only during diastole, although the force is sufficiently dissipated in the more superficial portions of the left ventricular myocardium to permit some flow in this regio... | 2 | Stable throughout the cardiac cycle | Maximum during diastole | Maximum during systole | Regulated by sympathetic vasodilatory activity | Physiology | Circulation: Coronary Circulation and Ischemic Heart Disease | 09fd961c-3aa9-4e9a-b7a7-0e457c0edbe1 | multi |
Radiotherapy after mastectomy would not be required in which of the following case scenarios of breast ca: | Ans is 'b' i.e. Metastasis "Radiotherapy to the chest wall after mastectomy is indicated in selected patients in whom the risks of local recurrence are high. This includes patients with large tumours and those with large numbers of positive nodes or extensive lymphovascular invasion." - Bailey and Love For distant meta... | 2 | Large tumor | Metastasis | Axillary nodal involvement | Positive margins | Surgery | null | 09a1d8d0-59ef-449e-af50-e943480244b2 | single |
Who introduced the vaccination for smallpox? | "Edward Jenner introduced vaccination for smallpox with cowpox virus in 1798" Ref: Ananthanarayanan, 7/e, Page 5-7 | 1 | Edward Jenner | Louis Pasteur | Mathieu Orfila | John snow | Microbiology | null | 017b2aea-a3ea-484c-8ffa-7093007cfec4 | multi |
Which of the following step of glycolysis is inhibited by iodoacetate? | null | 3 | Phosphoenol Pyruvate to Pyruvate | 2 Phosphoglycerate to Phosphoenol Pyruvate | Glyceradehyde 3 Phosphate to 1,3 bisphosphoglycerate | 3 Phosphoglycerate to 2 Phosphoglycerate | Biochemistry | null | 1d0e46f6-7442-4523-bfec-823d2f819d79 | multi |
A lady with prolapsed uterus after Fothergill's repair will complain of following except: | In Fothergill's repair ceroidical amputation is done which leads to
Incompetent os
Habitual abortion (second-trimester abortion and not first trimester, as incompetent os, leads to second-trimester abortion)
Preterm deliveries
Premature rupture of membranes ... | 1 | First trimester abortion | Cervical dystocia | Premature labour | Premature rupture of membrane | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | 0e1814ad-49da-44f2-adef-910e23f051b6 | multi |
Hampton hump is seen in: | Ans. (c) Pulmonary embolismRef: Harrison 19th ed. /1633HAMPTON HUMP is a radiologic sign which consists of a shallow wedge-shaped opacity in the periphery of the lung with its base against the pleural surface. | 3 | Pulmonary TB | Bronchogenic carcinoma | Pulmonary embolism | Pulmonary hemorrhage | Radiology | Imaging of Interstitial Lung Disease | e7c2b7a3-a6d8-445c-ade9-18492b344dc1 | single |
Which of the following has autosomal inheritance- | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Marfan syndrome o Marfan syndrome is an autosomal disorder (autosomal dominant).o Hemophilia is X-linked recessive.o CHD and gout have multifactorial inheritence. | 2 | Hemophilia | Marfan syndrome | CHD | Gout | Pathology | Mendelian Disorders: Single-Gene Defects | cb079de3-215d-4f36-9d93-d438445bab55 | single |
A 65-yrs-old man has broad-based ataxia, loss of pain, and temperature sensation in the lower extremities with lightening pains. His pupils accommodate but do not constrict with direct light stimulation. The spinal fluid would be expected to exhibit. | This patient has tabes dorsalis, which is a form of neurosyphilis where the spirochete attacks the posterior columns and the dorsal roots of the spinal cord. This attack produces: 1. Impaired joint position sense (proprioception), leading to a broad-based ataxia and a positive Roan berg test 2. Loss of pain and vibrati... | 3 | Encapsulated yeast cells | A neutrophil-dominant cell count | A positive VDRL | Toxoplasma cysts | Medicine | null | 2c26ddb7-1c9d-4d4a-bc91-485b437a4d6c | single |
A CKD patient had to undergo dialysis. His Hb was 5.2 gm% so two blood transfusions were to be given. First bag was completed in 2 hours. Second was started and midway he developed shortness of breath, hypertension. Vitals: BP 180/120 mm Hg and pulse rate 110/min. What is the cause? | Ans. B Transfusion related circulatory overloadRef: Harrison 20th ed. pg. 814* This CKD patient has developed severe anemia which is a compensated heart failure state. The patient was given first unit of blood in two hours instead of standard four hours and he is already in compensated heart failure.* The acute decompe... | 2 | Allergy | Transfusion related circulatory overload | TRALI | FNHTR | Physiology | Heart, Circulation, and Blood | d6d214e5-737b-49d2-99ca-c48f6142f1d4 | multi |
Epiretinal membrane is seen in - | Ans. is 'a' i.e. Posterior vitreous detachment o Epiretinal membrane is a disease of the eye in response to changes in the vitreous humor or more rarely, diabetes. It is also called macular pucker.o Sometimes, as a result of immune system response to protect the retina, cells converge in the macular area as the vitreou... | 1 | Posterior vitreous detachment | Optic neuritis | Papilloedema | Glaucomatous optic atrophy | Ophthalmology | Retinal Detachment | 5e807044-50e7-46f3-9092-256f3f1e70a5 | single |
Histamine stimulate the secretion of: | According to Davenport theory, hydrochloric acid secretion is an active process in the canaliculi of parietal cells in gastric glands, utilising the energy derived from oxidation of glucose.
Factors stimulating the secretion of HCl:
Gastrin
Histamine
Vagal stimulation
Factors inhibiting the secretion of HCl:
Secreti... | 3 | Gastrin by stomach | Pancreatic enzymes | HCl by stomach | Amylase by salivary gland | Physiology | null | 37e52695-d6ea-4661-bd99-21869e5ae362 | single |
Least common site involved in osteoahritis is | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Distal carpophalangeal joint In the hand the joints specifically involved are ? Distal interphalangeal join& (of paicular impoance is the point that this joint is not involved in rheumatoid ahritis). Proximal interphalangeal join& First carpometacarpal jointsQ Remember these two impoant features of jo... | 4 | Hip joint | Knee joint | Carpometacarpal joint of thumb | Distal carpophalangeal joint | Medicine | null | 57f3bd84-835b-4fd4-8a50-961c15dd5d34 | single |
Which of the following anti-retroviral drugs does not cause peripheral neuropathy? | Ans. A. Lamivudinea. Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is a well-known adverse effect of NRTIs, mainly Zalcitabine, didanosine and stavudine. Several studies have shown that PN is more frequent when didanosine and stavudine are used in combinationb. Emtricitabine and lamivudine are safest NRTIs. These are not associated with ... | 1 | Lamivudine | Stavudine | Didanosine | Zalcitabine | Pharmacology | Anti Microbial | a038a44a-d215-4fd3-ac09-d4f021ee5b3f | single |
Radiation exposure during which period of Pregnancy is highly lethal | Lethality risk is highest during the pre-implantation period - up to 10 days post conception. This is likely due to blastomere destruction caused by chromosomal damage. | 2 | During fetal cardiac development | Before implantation | During closure of proximal neural tube | None of the above | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | 29edec47-19e7-4b0a-a485-34caf2f64ea4 | multi |
Which of the following finding is MOST compatible with sudden rhythm disturbance and cessation of the action of the hea? | The light lungs are more compatible with sudden rhythm disturbance and cessation of action of hea. The heavier lung (450 - 500 gms or more) indicates cessation of respiration with continuation of the hea beat for several minutes. Ref: Textbook of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology by Narayan Reddy, Edition 21, Page - 115... | 1 | Light lung ( 300 gm) | Heavy lung (450 - 500 gm) | Both | null | Forensic Medicine | null | 40355632-af7e-4667-ab2e-fe72decd4caf | multi |
C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency causes - | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Hereditary angioneurotic edema o Hereditary angioneurotic edema is due to Ci inhibitor (Cj esterase inhibitor) deficiency.Complement Deficiencies and Associated DiseasesComponentAssociated DiseasesCLASSIC PATHWAYClq,Clr,ClS,C4C2Cl inhibitorImmune-complex syndromes, "pyogenic infections"Immune-complex ... | 2 | Neisseria infection | Hereditary angioneurotic edema | Hemolytic disease | Hemolytic uremic syndrome | Microbiology | Immunology | 50bf2a27-44d4-4fa8-938d-e14e7742ce7b | single |
The following information is available about the body fluid volumes of a normal male: total body water, 40 liters; intracellular water, 25 liters; plasma water, 4 liters. The volume of the interstitial water is? | Subtracting the intracellular water from the total body water gives the extracellular water (15 liters). Since the extracellular water exists primarily of the plasma water and the interstitial water, subtracting the plasma water (4 liters) from the extracellular water (15 liters) gives the interstitial water (11 liters... | 4 | 19 liters | 15 liters | 21 liters | 11 liters | Physiology | null | 40b8429e-6b2d-4dfb-958d-bc75a73a7d65 | single |
The most common location of hypeensive intracranial haemorrhage is | Most common locations of hypeensive intraparenchymal hemorrhage are basal ganglia (especially the putamen) thalamus cerebellum pos It usually results from spontaneous rupture of small penetrating aery deep in the brain. Ref : Harrison, 17/e p2531 | 3 | Subarachnoid space | Cerebellum | Basal ganglia | Brain stem | Surgery | Head and neck | 453f5d95-7f05-4f29-9385-39e26ea9bf4a | single |
For glucose estimation in blood, the mode of transpo from a PHC to lab: | Zinc finger motiff The specificity involved in the control of transcription requires that regulatory proteins bind with high affinity to the Correct region of DNA. Three unique motifs - The helix-turn-helix - Zinc finger - The leucine zipper accounts for many of this specific protein DNA interactions. So zinc finger mo... | 2 | Sodium fluoride | EDTA | Citrate | 0.9% saline | Surgery | null | d462ffb1-0f54-4d4a-b1c3-f6c7ffe0374d | single |
A 32-week baby is born to a mother with eclampsia, who was given IV magnesium sulphate. The baby was resuscitated and transferred to the NICU. 12 hours later, the baby showed hypotonia, lethargy, constricted pupils and two episodes of seizures. The staging of HIE is: | Ans. b. 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | There is no HIE | Pediatrics | null | f36d3d5d-3476-448b-bb9f-ddd777909bcb | single |
Data collection for Active malaria surveillance at PHC level is done by: | Ans. a. MO-PHCSurveillance/ case detection and management. The report of surveillance by ASHA/ MPW/Health facility (M-l) is maintained at every level diagnosing and treating cases like ASHAS/ AWWs/ CHVs at village level, MPWs at sub-center level and MO-PHCs at PHC level. | 1 | MO-PHC | MPW | DMO | SPO | Social & Preventive Medicine | Health Programmes in India | 082c66f4-c0d5-41f7-9a72-84bf018d1470 | single |
The minimum distance for two point discrimination on fingeips - | Ans. is'a'i.e., 2mmlRef: Ganong 25th/ep. 170 6 24'h/e p. 1621The magnitude of two point discrimination thresholds varies from place of place on the body and is smallest where touch receptors are most abundant.Stimulation points on the back must be separated by at least 65 mm before they can be distinguished as separate... | 1 | 2 mm | 5 mm | 7 mm | 10 mm | Physiology | null | 774d3422-5ad7-4d50-9cf3-f819712f5207 | single |
Which of the secretions does have highest HCO3 level? | The pancreatic juice is alkaline and has a high HCO3- content (approximately 113 mEq/L vs 24 mEq/L in plasma). About 1500 mL of pancreatic juice is secreted per day. Bile and intestinal juices are also neutral or alkaline, and these three secretions neutralize the gastric acid, raising the pH of the duodenal contents t... | 4 | Saliva | Bile | Succus entericus | Succus entericus | Physiology | null | b83942b1-074a-4a56-a380-c1fb37cef05a | single |
Fixed drug eruptions can be seen more frequently with – | null | 2 | Penicillin | Sulfonamide | Cetrizine | Roxithromycin | Dental | null | 4e53bc0a-5152-4a93-bf1a-5976e6ebf1c9 | single |
Most common type of cervical cancer | Ans. A. Squamous cell CA* The two most common histologic subtypes of cervical cancer are squamous cell and adenocarcinoma.* Of these, squamous cell tumors predominate, comprise 85 percent of all cervical cancers, and arise from the ectocervix* Adenocarcinomas comprise 10 to 15 percent of cervical cancers and arise from... | 1 | Squamous cell CA | Small cell CA | Adeno CA | Adenoma | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Gynaecological Disorders in Obs. | 87dab33b-b526-42cb-9f97-e51e85367ec0 | multi |
Roth spots are seen in: | Ans: A (Infective endocarditis) Ref; Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine 18th edition ROTH SPOTS in Infective Endocarditis They are retinal hemorrhages with pale centres. They represent capillary hemorrhages and not bacterial infection. Apart from IE, they can also be seen in vasculitis, anemia, leukemia, diabete... | 1 | Infective endocarditis | Central retinal vein occlusion | Retintits pigmentosa | Diabetic retinopathy | Unknown | null | 871b8abf-c3be-45d7-82e5-ed4dda8d41a8 | single |
A patient presented to casualty with nausea, vomiting. Intravenous glucose was given & the patient recovered. After few months, patient presented with same complaints. Blood glutamine was found to be increased. Also uracil levels were raised. What is the diagnosis? | Increase in Blood glutamine indicates hyperammonemia, which occurs in all enzyme defect of urea cycle Increased uracil indicate Ornithine trans carbamoylase deficiency Orotic acid, OMP, UMP are increased in OTC defect. OTC deficiency (Excess carbamoyl phosphate from mitochondria enters cytoplasm and takes pa in pyrimid... | 4 | CPS-I deficiency | Argino succinate synthetase deficiency | CPS-II deficiency | Ornithine trans carbamoylase deficiency | Biochemistry | Urea cycle | 7ac0b225-cb65-4bb4-97e4-7836112d67dc | single |
Normal intrapleural pressure at the sta/beginning of inspiration is----- cm of H2O. | During inspiration, the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity. This causes the intrapleural pressure to become more negative, which increases the transpulmonary pressure, causing the lungs to expand Ref: guyton and hall textbook of medical physiology 12 editio... | 2 | -7.5 | -5 | -2 | -0.5 | Physiology | Respiratory system | efa19bc7-3b08-4da1-8053-efe6812634fc | single |
Juxtaglomerular apparatus is involved in regulation of- | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Tubulo-glomerular feed back Tubulo-glomerular feedbacko To perform the function of autoregulation, the kidneys have a feedback mechanism that links changes in sodium chloride concentration at the macula densa with the control of renal arteriolar resistance. This feedback helps to ensure a relative con... | 1 | Tubulo-glomerularfeedback | Glomerulotubular balance | Renal plasma flow | Urinary acidification | Physiology | Glomerular Filtration, Renal Blood Flow, and Their Control | bf2f6424-a4df-44e0-8718-4e32e4680ac0 | single |
Behavioral therapy is done in ? | Ans. B. AgoraphobiaMost impoant use of behavioral therapy - Phobia & OCD.Other users are - Other anxiety disorders (including panic), Eating disorders, Autism, ADHD, some personality disorder, sexual dysfunctions, depression. | 2 | Schizophrenia | Agoraphobia | Delirium | Neurotic depression | Psychiatry | null | d41303cb-6c6b-4b2f-a62f-8cbe5e6a6937 | single |
The right lobe of liver consists of which of the following segments: | A. i.e. V, VI, VII, and VIII | 1 | V, VI, VII and VIII | IV, V, VI, VII and VIII | I, V, VI, VII and VIII | I, IV, V, VI, VII and VIII | Anatomy | null | d74b34e6-52ee-4074-bad3-aebf74cbbc7f | single |
A 12-year-old child with acute kidney injury after a bout of dysentery. Not seen is: | Ans. (c) Normal serum haptoglobin. | 3 | M.A.H.A | Schistocytes | Normal serum haptoglobin | Thrombocytopenia | Pathology | Hemolytic anemia | b7cc9b1b-6171-458b-ba05-c363b25b6a86 | single |
Stapes is derived from which branchial arch: | Ans (b) IIRef: Inderbir Singh's Embroyology, 7th ed. 1119-120* Ear ossicles are derived from branchial arch I and II* Malleus and incus: BA-I* Stapes: BA- II | 2 | I | II | III | IV | ENT | Embryology of Ear and Malformations | ef04b237-8653-4482-9391-3b3d6dbed438 | single |
According to WHO classification of periradicutar diseases, code number category K04.4 is | null | 1 | Acute apical periodontitis | Chronic apical periodontitis | Periapical abscess with sinus | Periapical abscess with sinus to maxillary antrum | Dental | null | 78190de7-7e5a-4cf7-aabd-300d6f07b30d | single |
A 34 year old chronic smoker presents to you with progressive claudication of the left arm with ulcers on the ring finger. The patient also gives history suggestive of recurrent superficial phlebitis. There is also history of Raynaud's phenomenon. What is the best treatment for the patient? | The triad of claudication, Raynaud's phenomenon and migratory superficial thrombophlebitis in a young male smoker is typical of thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease). An aeriography will show segmental occlusion with collaterals. Histopathology will show sharply segmental acute and chronic vasculitis of small ... | 4 | Steroids | Aspirin | Pentoxifylline | Abstinence from tobacco | Surgery | null | 9ea2fdef-905b-4d7a-82b7-1ff373b48d24 | single |
Scalds are produced by - | Dry heat (e.g. flame) → Simple burns (or burns).
Moist heat → Scalde. | 2 | Dry heat | Moist heat | Severe burns | All | Forensic Medicine | null | b6ddaa47-230e-448c-9a8b-faf336116be1 | multi |
Infectivity period of chickenpox is: March 2009 | Ans. A: 1 day before and 4 days after appearance of rash Chickenpox/ varicella is a highly infectious disease that spreads from person to person by direct contact or by air from an infected person's coughing or sneezing. Touching the fluid blister can also spread the disease. A person with chickenpox is infectious from... | 1 | 1 day before and 4 days after appearance of rash | 4 days before and 1 day after appearance of rash | Only when scab falls | Entire incubation period | Social & Preventive Medicine | null | 68769fa9-15c9-4316-97d4-ea1532474968 | multi |
Mechanism of action of azoles is | According to the mechanism of action these can be classified as
Drugs altering membrane permeability
- Azoles
- Triazoles e.g. Fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, terconazole, posaconazole.
- Imidazoles e.g. Ketoconazole, miconazole, clotrimazole, econazole, butoconazole, oxiconazole, sertaconazole, sulconazo... | 1 | By altering membrane permeability | By blocking nucleic acid synthesis | By disrupting microtubules function | By inhibiting cell wall synthesis | Pharmacology | null | fce85320-1413-4d07-984d-cdf10a140923 | multi |
Radioisotopes are used in the following technique except – | ELISA (Enzyme linked Immunoabsorbent Assay) is an enzyme-based immunoassay and does not use radioactive isotopes. A test similar to ELISA which uses radioactive isotope in place of the enzyme is known as Radioimmunoassay (RIA). Nucleic acid sequencing, mass spectroscopy & RIA are tested using radioisotopes. | 3 | Mass spectroscopy | RIA | ELISA | Sequencing of nucleic acid | Radiology | null | 54fb8ec9-5182-48b8-b6e0-bf6d5d0bfb17 | multi |
Erlenmeyer flask deformity is classical X-ray finding in | Refer the byte Sphingolipidoses | 2 | Pompe's disease | Gauchers disease | Sandhoff's disease | Von Gierke disease | Biochemistry | null | 8646054c-6c12-4dea-9cf4-ececb6830e37 | single |
Morphine should not be used in: | Ans. B. Biliary colicOpioids have potent analgesic effect via mu, kappa receptor. They are known to increase the intrabilliary pressure by constricting the smooth muscle. Therefore, they are contraindicated in biliary colic. | 2 | Ischaemic pain | Biliary colic | Cancer pain | Post-operative pain | Pharmacology | G.I.T | 989bc550-cfff-41ad-9a1e-59e041b3ee98 | single |
Permanent mandibular first molar is a common site for all the lesions EXCEPT | null | 3 | Pulp polyp | Condensing osteitis | Lateral periodontal cyst | Benign cementohlastoma | Pathology | null | 45cb8f3e-b894-40b4-9355-5d8ad9d71763 | multi |
Interval between primary and secondary cases ? | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Serial interval Latent period, serial interval and generation time, all are approximate measure of incubation period, i.e., these period can give some idea about incubation period. Latent period The period from disease initiation to disease detection. It is used in non-infectious disease as the equiva... | 3 | Latent period | Communicable period | Serial interval | Generation time | Social & Preventive Medicine | null | 3eea9d99-e164-4240-b10b-375b6efc1e8f | single |
Which of the following produce gastrin? | D: Endocrine cells produce gastrin.
A: Mucous neck cells are found in the necks of the gastric pits.
B: Parietal cells produce HCl.
C: Chief cells produce pepsinogen
E: Foveolar cells or surface mucous cells are mucus-producing cells which cover the inside of the stomach, protecting it from the corrosive nature of gast... | 4 | Mucous neck cells | Parietal cells | Chief cells | Endocrine cells | Pathology | null | 239a1878-e2a3-4100-95b5-b3f480040c3d | single |
Which of the following statement is true about vasa pre | Vasa pre: Fetal moality is high (50%) due to fetal exsanguination Vaginal bleeding is often associated with fetal distress Unsuppoed umbilical vessels lie below the presenting pa Ref: Dutta Obs 9e pg 243. | 4 | Seen in 1:1500 pregnancies | Moality rate is 20% if left undiagnosed | Associated with low-lying placenta | Cesarean section is indicated | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | General obstetrics | 94c4ea86-2579-42b7-9294-4fea0a7f5130 | multi |
Quinidine belongs to class antiarrhythmic drug is | i.e. (class I): (510-17-KDT 6th) (367-68-MDT-l1)ANTIARRHYTHMIC DRUGSClass Ia Sodium channel blockers* Depress phase O depolarization* Slow conduction, prolong repolarization Drugs* Quinidine, Procainamide, Disopyramide, MoricizineClass Ib * Shorten repolarization Drugs* Lidocaine, MexiletineClass IC * Depress phase O r... | 1 | Class I | Class II | Class III | Class IV | Pharmacology | C.V.S | de49b56c-3184-4cb2-8bc4-5f77b7626a86 | single |
Which of the following jaw cyst is pre-malignant? | Ans. c. Odontogenic keratocyst (Ref: Scott-Brown's Otorhinolaryngology 7/e p1924, 1925)Odontogenic keratocyst is premalignant."Odontogenic keratocysts are characterized by an epithelial lining that is parakeratinized and stratified. It is characterized by basal lender of neatly arranged, palisaded, columnar and cuboida... | 3 | Nasopalatine cyst | Radicular cyst | Odontogenic keratocyst | Dentigerous cyst | Surgery | Oral Cavity | f9a564d9-e3c1-479e-b054-2a65a6086520 | single |
According to the European Laryngological Society, Subligamental cordectomy is classified as - | null | 2 | Type I | Type II | Type III | Type IV | ENT | null | 13e82f2a-1f1e-4da1-a3b4-ae32ab3a2b7d | single |
P.Q.L.I is | Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI) is an attempt to measure the quality of life or well-being of a country. The value is the average of three statistics: basic literacy rate, infant moality , and life expectancy at age one, all equally weighted on a 0 to 100 scale. HDI includes knowledge, income(GNI) and life expect... | 1 | IMR, Life Expectancy at 1year of age, literacy | MMR, Life expectancy, literacy | MMR, IMR, Life expectancy | IMR, Life expectancy at 1 year of age, SE status | Social & Preventive Medicine | Concept of health and disease | 9a924180-9d9d-4d32-95b8-5f5f36a606d9 | single |
Which amino acid does not take part in transamination | All amino acids can take part in transamination except:
a) Threonine b) Lysine c) Proline | 1 | Proline | Alanine | Tryptophan | Histidine | Biochemistry | null | 473cae62-fc3e-49ab-8045-f111e9a30489 | single |
Day care surgery uses | i.e. (Propofol): (81-A-Yadav 4th)Propofol is the IV agent of choice for day care surgeryBecause-(i) Early induction(ii) Early and smooth recovery(iii) Inactive metabolites(iv) Antiemetic antipruritic* Along with opioids (alfntanil or renifentanil) propofol is the agent of choice for total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA)... | 2 | Sodium thiopentone | Propofol | Methoxitone | Ether | Surgery | Miscellaneous | 6a3cde62-32a9-424f-9762-f721081852f7 | single |
A patient suffers from contraction of maxillary arch, labioversion of maxillary incisors, with deep overbite and overjet. These are features of: | Class II: Dental relationship, in which the mandibular dental arch is posterior to the maxillary dental arch in one or both lateral segments as determined by the relationship of the permanent first molars. Mandibular 1st molar is distal to the maxillary 1st molar.
Further subdivided into 2 divisions:
Division 1: Bilat... | 3 | Class I malocclusion | Class II div 2 malocclusion | Class II div 1 malocclusion | Class III malocclusion | Dental | null | 0cb14f28-2296-4508-8b8f-f83df6ab0945 | single |
Commonly undergoing malignant transformation is/are :a) FAPb) Crohn' s diseasec) Ulcerative colitisd) Enteric colitise) Juvenile polyposis | null | 3 | a | bc | ac | b | Surgery | null | 69ca2a77-d54b-45af-8bfb-b270a23480c9 | single |
Gastric carcinoma is associated with all EXCEPT ? | Ans. is 'd' Activation of RAS In the course of multi-step stomach carcinogenesis, various genetic and epigenetic alterations of oncogenes, tumor-suppressor genes, DNA repair genes, cell cycle regulators and cell adhesion molecules are involved. Genetic alteration in gastric cancer include: Intestinal type gastric cance... | 4 | Inactivation of p53 | Over expression of C-erb | Over expression of C-met | Activation of RAS | Pathology | null | 638393cf-8501-4ec4-9352-ad1b522339bc | multi |
Multiple regression analysis is applied to | null | 4 | Compare medians of two independent samples | Compare medians of several independent samples | Tests association between two categorical variables | Tests relation between dependent variable and several independent variables | Dental | null | 53d01ce8-cdfe-481f-a2cf-2f465cad6452 | single |
Most common cause of sub-dural haematoma - | It is due to rupture of bridging veins. | 2 | Middle meningeal artery tear | Rupture of superior cerebral vein | Internal carotid artery tear | None of the above | Surgery | null | cee2c75c-b03f-4514-97e5-ee8878d892da | multi |
A child is presenting with vomiting and abdominal pain after 5 hours of eating some food. The most likely causative orgonism - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Bacillus cereus Wef: Harrison 18th/e p. 1088]o Food poisoning presenting within 6 hours is seen (i) Staph aureus, and (ii) B. cereus.o Cl. botulinum causes constipation (not diarrhea) and the incubation period is about 18-24 hourso V. cholerae has incubation period > 16 hours. OrganismSymptomsFood sou... | 1 | Bacillus cereus | Cl. perfringens | Cl. botulinum | V. cholerae | Microbiology | Bacillus | 941bef2d-2171-4f33-82f3-3320a8c5dc88 | single |
In an old patient, the best indicator of probability of developing cardiovascular disease can be calculated by:- | Ans. is 'a' i.e. LDL/HDL ratio Among the given options the best indicator is LDL/HDL ratio.Recent trials have found out that levels of plasma apolipoprotein A-l and apolipoprotein B are better predictors of CHD than LDL/HDL ratio. | 1 | LDL/HDL ratio | Triglycerides | Total cholesterol | Serum LDL | Medicine | C.V.S. | 192f2fbe-0583-4fc9-8a29-c2a9ece0d1b2 | single |
Alpha 2 agonist cause all of the following Except | Ref: KD Tripathi pharmacology 7th edition (page.no: 384) Alpha 2 agonists produce sedation, analgesia, anxiolysis, muscle relaxation, decreases BP they will not increase pain or produce Hyperalgesia eg: clonidine, dexmedetomidine, methyldopa etc | 2 | Analgesia | Hyperalgesia | Sedation | Anxiolysis | Pharmacology | Autonomic nervous system | 03c21cb9-5154-44e8-b6b9-50eace7cb387 | multi |
A 30 years old male patient presents with weakness of right upper and both lower limbs since 4 months. He developed digital infarcts involving 2nd and 3rd fingers on right side and 5th finger on left side. On examination, BP was 160/140 mm Hg, all peripheral pulses were palpable and there was asymmetrical neuropathy. I... | Patient in the question is suffering from hypeension, digital infarcts in presence of palpable peripheral pulses and urine examination showing proteinuria and hematuria. All of these are features of polyaeritis nodosa a necrotizing vasculitis of small and medium-sized muscular aeries with characteristic involvement of ... | 1 | Polyaeritis nodosa | Mixed cryoglobulinemia | Wegener's granulomatosis | Systemic lupus erythematosus | Medicine | null | a7019cd3-20a3-46ce-ab86-62218c3fee05 | multi |
What is the most common site of osteosarcoma: | Ans. is 'a' i.e. lower end of femur * Common sites in decreasing order of frequency:Lower end of femur*Upper end of tibia *Upper end of humerusSome other common sites* Osteoclastoma - lower end of femur** Ewing's -tibia** Ivory osteoma -frontal sinus** Osteoid osteoma -tibia** adamantinoma -mandible** Chordoma -sacrum ... | 1 | Lower end of femur | Upper end of humerus | Lower end of tibia | Upper end of femur | Orthopaedics | Osteogenic Sarcoma | 035e1ac5-8f58-4dfe-9e15-73776099bbe6 | single |
All are fibrinolytic, EXCEPT : | Ans. is 'd' Epsilon amino caproic acid Antifibrinolytic drugs are :Tranexamic acid*Epsilon aminocaproic acid*Aprotinin*Fibrinolytic drugs are : ,Streptokinase*Urokinase*rt-PA (Alteplase)* | 4 | Streptokinase | Urokinase | Alteplase | Epsilon amino caproic acid | Pharmacology | Antiplatelets and Fibrinolytics | 4a8e2fbb-4415-49ed-92b2-2eadf2152e2c | multi |
The term "dementia" describes all of the following clinical states, EXCEPT: | Dementia is a loss of intellectual functioning. Other operations are affected in dementia, such as language, skilled movements, and perception. However, isolated neurological defects like aphasia are not themselves classified as dementias. Likewise, sensory defects or hemiplegia of body pas would not be included. Nonet... | 2 | Gradual decline in ceain mental operations such as orientation, cognition, and memory | Presence of a specific language disorder such as aphasia, alexia, or agraphia | Onset of behavioral changes including apathy, eccentricity, and distractibility | Sudden loss of intellectual functioning, such as following an anoxic episode or a cerebrovascular accident | Psychiatry | null | 8970330d-c102-4ecf-8fe8-6c4eb968ef07 | multi |
A drug used in estrogen-dependent breast cancer | Hormonal drug therapy for breast cancer targets estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. It aims at blocking the action of estrogen on estrogen receptor-positive breast cells. The hormonal therapy of choice for breast cancer in premenopausal women is Tamoxifen. Tamoxifen belongs to a class of drugs known as Selective ... | 2 | Clomiphene citrate | Tamoxifen | Estrogen | Adriamycin | Anatomy | Endocrinology and breast | f7c3f710-4cd7-41d6-b4e9-69476d50917c | single |
The perinatal HIV transmission can be reduced by the following measures except - | The perinatal HIV transmission can not be reduced by Breastfeeding After bih, babies born to a mother with HIV are given A right away for 4 to 6 weeks. If you are treated for HIV early in your pregnancy, the risk of transmitting HIV to your baby can be 1% or less. Breast milk can have HIV in it. So, after delivery, you... | 4 | Intrapaum antiretroviral therapy | Delivery by elective cesarean section | Antiretroviral therapy to the neonate | Breastfeeding | Medicine | Infection | 4c27912e-0e3a-4c6d-a652-cdc582259fcc | multi |
Wof glucocoicoid has significant (max) mineralocoicoid activity | Hydrocoisone (coisol):- Acts rapidly but has sho duration of action. In addition to primary glucocoicoid, it has significant minera- locoicoid activity as well. Uses:- For Replacement therapy, Shock, status asthmaticus, acute adrenal insufficiency. Topically and as suspension for enema in ulcerative colitis. Ref:- kd t... | 3 | Dexamethasone | Triamcinolone | Hydrocoisone | Betamethasone | Pharmacology | Endocrinology | c5666366-acdb-4db0-a048-65890a10e248 | single |
Inhibition of anaerobic glycolysis by increase supply of O2 is called: | Pasteur effect Warburg effect Crabtree Effect In aerobic conditions, glucose consumption decreases Or In the presence of O2 , anaerobic glycolysis is inhibited Under aerobic conditions, glucose consumption increases Or Even In the presence of O2 , anaerobic glycolysis is promoted (in cancer cells) If glucose increases,... | 2 | Carbtree effect | Pasteur effect | Lewis effect | null | Biochemistry | Galactose and fructose metabolism | 809864c3-54d6-4310-9f6f-a474c6e2d2b7 | multi |
Carcinoma common in dye industry workers is | Aniline dye is a risk for for TCC of bladder. | 1 | TCC of bladder | SCC of bladder | Adenocarcinoma of bladder | All of the above | Surgery | null | 2df1b914-0cfc-4bf7-bcb1-49f035f899ee | multi |
Baby born at 30 weeks for 18-year-old prior gravida of weight 2 kg which died after 48 hours. Apgar scores were 5 and 8 at 1 and 5 minutes. On autopsy bilateral enlarged kidney with multiple radially arranged cysts. Which of the following finding is expected to be associated with? | The clinical findings suggest autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease.
The diagnosis of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease is strongly suggested by bilateral palpable flank masses in an infant with pulmonary hypoplasia, oligohydramnios and hypertension and the absence of renal cysts in the parents.
On ... | 2 | Imperforate anus | Hepatic cyst and fibrosis | Absence of ureter | Holoprosencephaly | Pediatrics | null | b2d79ff0-9e07-4d96-a55f-90db413422d6 | multi |
True about CP angle tumour: | (a) Absent corneal reflex(Ref. Cummings, 6th ed., 2750)Involvement of 3rd and 4th cranial nerve causing pupillary dilatation and medial rectus and superior oblique palsy is not described in Acoustic neuroma. | 1 | Absent corneal reflex | Superior oblique palsy | Pupillary dilatation | Medial rectus palsy | ENT | Acoustic Neuroma | 56fc0ac2-e79b-4ee6-8767-de3bea0da27a | multi |
A 35-year old male with a history of severe bronchial asthma for several months now complains of weight gain and the development of purple stretch marks. Physical examination shod BP - 149/95 mmHg. supraclavicular fullness. The skin was thinned out with areas of bruising. Neurological examination revealed deceased stre... | Patient developed iatrogenic Cushing syndrome. Bronchial asthma (BA) and Allergic rhinitis (AR) are common clinical problems encountered in day to day practice, where inhalational coicosteroids (ICS) or intranasal steroids (INS) are the mainstay of treatment. Iatrogenic Cushing syndrome (CS) is a well known complicatio... | 3 | Hyponatremia | Hypomagnesemia | Hypokalemia | Hypercalcemia | Medicine | Respiratory system | 25f01d04-2ccf-46b9-99b3-45497d11f79e | single |
Antidote for organophosphorous poisoning is:(1995) | aRef: KDT, 5th ed, p. 91 & 100 & 4th ed, p. 101,89 | 1 | Atropine | Neostigmine | Susccinylcholine | D tubocurarine | Pharmacology | A.N.S. | 1aff4808-8bfa-460d-a3e0-fc8f562cc98f | single |
Which of the these can cause both rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuria -a) Hyperpyrexiab) Viper snake venomc) Multiple hornet stings d) Anemia | null | 1 | ac | bc | ad | b | Medicine | null | 85d4d182-7dab-4c18-80e8-60f93d7a004c | multi |
A short stature child's growth variation is normal but bone development is not according to chronological age. What is your diagnosis? | Ans. C. Constitutional delayShort stature children with normal growth variation include genetic (familial) short stature and constitutional delay. In genetic short stature bone development matches with the chronological age but not in constitutional delay in which bone development lags behind. | 3 | Genetic short stature | Dwarfism | Constitutional delay | Growth hormone deficiency | Pediatrics | Growth, Development, and Behavior | c5394203-bf81-4216-8d24-5c7832ee4b05 | single |
All are symptoms of deep vein thrombosis except: | Ans: a (High grade fever) Ref: Bailey, 24th ed, p. 971 Box-59-8Deep vein thrombosis presents with pain and swelling of the leg. There may be slight fever. High grade fever is not mentioned as a clinical feature of DVT. If the patient has already had pulmonary embolism, he may complain of chest pain, breathlessness and ... | 1 | High grade fever | Local rise of temperature | Pain | Swelling | Surgery | Venous Disorders | 340b569a-8878-43c7-8dc5-dae1d0f0b5df | multi |
Chediak higashi syndrome, defect is ? | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Fusion of lysosome Chediak higashi syndrome It is an autosomal recessive disorder. Chediak higashi syndrome is caused due to mutation in the LYST gene. This gene provides instructions for making a protien known as lysosomal trafficking regulator. This protein plays a role in transpo of materials into ... | 1 | Fusion of lysosome | T-cells | B-cells | Complement | Microbiology | null | b412accb-624a-4470-988a-f46e917b5682 | single |
Time interval betwen inoculation of infection to maximum infectivity is ? | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Generation time Generation time - Period from receipt of infection to maximal infectivity. Serial interval Gap between onset of primary case and secondary case. | 3 | Lead time | Median incubation period | Generation time | Serial inverval | Social & Preventive Medicine | null | eaeff11c-83e0-489c-afb9-63f52859d5c1 | single |
Surgical treatment of Ulcerative colitisa) Done in late cases onlyb) Done in cases where medical treatment fails c) Pouch surgery doned) Restorative proctocolectomy done in emergency cases | null | 1 | bc | c | ac | ad | Surgery | null | 286d9d3e-82af-49a4-9263-27f247fcbf3f | single |
A 45-year old female had sought medical attention for her recent increase in weight and proximal limb weakness. She was diagnosed with rheumatoid ahritis. 1 week ago has been staed on prednisolone tablets. Physical examamination revealed truncal obesity; BP - 145/90 mm Hg and PR- -90/ mill. High levies of coisol were f... | Most of the signs and symptoms of ACTH-secreting tumors come from having too much coisol (an adrenal steroid hormone). But quite a few diseases can cause the body makes too much coisol, which is called Cushing's syndrome. If you have symptoms suggesting this syndrome, you'll need tests to see if it's caused by a pituit... | 2 | CT scan of the chest | MRI of the brain | CT scan of the abdomen | Plasma metanephrine level | Medicine | Immune system | 56e578c4-f854-460a-a425-bbe2eca4a568 | single |
Which muscle causes retraction of scapula ? | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Rhomboideus major Movements of scapula Muscles causing movements Elevation Trapezius (upper pa), levator scapulae Depression Pectoralis minor, serratus anterior Protraction Serratus anterior, pectoralis minor Retraction Rhomboideus major Rhomboideus minor, Trapezius Forward rotation of inferior angle(... | 3 | Serratus anterior | Levator scapulae | Rhomboideus major | Supraspinatus | Anatomy | null | eecfe538-b32d-4cf7-b00d-173994122cda | single |
Gas gangrene is/are caused by- | Ans. is 'a' i.e., C.novyi 'b' C.septicum; 'c' i.e., C. histolyticum | 4 | C. novyi | C. septicum | C. histolyticum | All | Microbiology | null | d34cfa5a-9a5f-49a7-87bc-6ace3abd80ba | multi |
Diabetic patient with liver cirrhosis and hyperpigmentation, diagnosis is ? | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Hemochromatosiso Information in the question :?i) Diabetesii) Hyperpigmentationiii) Cirrhosiso Among the given options, only hemochromatosis can cause all three. | 2 | Wilson's disease | Hemochromatosis | Primary sclerosing cholangitis | Hepatitis B | Pathology | null | e46e807c-6f19-4803-81fa-9650de289294 | single |
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