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A adolescent was bitten by a stray dog. To rule out rabies in the animal, brain tissue sample was taken. Which of the pa of brain tissue should be taken to see the characteristic Negri bodies? | Rapid diagnosis of rabies infection in the animal is usually made by examination of brain tissue by using either PCR assay, fluorescent antibody to rabies virus or histologic staining of Negri bodies in the cytoplasm of hippocampal neurons. Negri bodies are sharply demarcated, more or less spherical, and 2-10 mm in dia... | 1 | Hippocampus | Hypothalamus | Medulla | Midbrain | Microbiology | null | 025ea29e-774e-4651-b97c-4bc0c95e285a | single |
All are true about heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), EXCEPT: | Drug induced thrombocytopenia due to heparin has some special features. It will not lead to bleeding. Marked thrombocytopenia < 20,000 is rare. Thrombosis is a major complication. Ref: Harrisons principles of internal medicine, Edition -18, Page - 967 | 2 | Thrombocytopenia is not severe usually | Associated with bleeding especially from GI tract | Marked increase in thrombosis | HIT can occur after exposure to low molecular weight heparin | Medicine | null | 7e0d32d1-ff5f-474b-8f58-d9e6703be5e7 | multi |
The cytoprotective agent used for the prevention of xerostomia in patients undergoing head and neck radiotherapy is | null | 2 | Valacyclovir | Amifostine | Glycopyrrolate | Naproxen | Pathology | null | 0a80bad9-dc8b-4b63-b419-406baa67f016 | single |
Acute osteomyelitis is most frequently caused by: | Acute osteomyelitis is usually a polymicrobial infection. Different types of organisms may be cultured from these lesions; the most common are Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus albus, and various streptococci. Anaerobes such as Bacteroides, Porphyromonas or Prevotella species also predominate.
Ref: Shafer's text... | 3 | Staphylococcus aureus | Staphylococcus albus | Staph. aureus + Staph. albus | None of the above | Pathology | null | 58a62726-6fb9-4e6c-a59a-94706a31f78b | multi |
An army recruit, smoker and 6 months into training staed complaining of pain at postero medial aspect of both legs. There was acute point tenderness and the pain was aggravated on physical activity. The most likely diagnosis is: | The army man is most likely suffering from stress fracture. Stress Fracture or fatigue fracture is caused by repeated stress at one point. Bones are constantly trying to repair and remodel themselves in people like athletes and army recruit. Over a period if sufficient stress is applied on a bone which has reached the ... | 2 | Gout | Stress fracture | Insufficiency stress fracture | Lumbar canal stenosis | Surgery | null | a8239255-e46f-4087-9b33-73819cf92bff | multi |
Which of the following drugs is not used for the treatment of cancer | Ref-KDT 6/e p839,840 All antimetabolite can be used as anticancer drugs excepts azathioprine Cyclosporine acts by inhibiting the transcription of IL-2 gene.it has no anti-cancer propey | 2 | Cyclophosphamide | Cyclosporine | Methotrexate | 6-mercaptopurine | Anatomy | Other topics and Adverse effects | cf530308-a4f7-414f-b327-c6e4468b7548 | single |
The relationship between sulphonamide and PABA is | Sulfonamides have structural similarity with PABA .therefore, they competitively inhibit the enzyme responsible for the incorporation of PABA into dihydropteroic acid, the immediate precursor of folic acidRef: DM Vasudevan, 7th edition, page no: 491, 61 | 1 | Metabolic antagonism | Synergism | Intermediate compound formation | Chelation | Biochemistry | Metabolism of nucleic acids | f35d86f9-3d30-48ed-8e8f-d2a419ebd850 | single |
Pancreatic islets consist of alpha, beta, and delta cells, which secrete glucagon, insulin, and somatostatin, respectively. These cells are derived from | Pancreatic islets form as isolated clumps of cells that bud from endodermal tubules. As pa of embryonic development, the pancreas forms as two buds from the foregut, an embryonic tube that is a precursor to the gastrointestinal tract. It is therefore of endodermal origin | 2 | Mesoderm | Endoderm | Ectoderm | Neuroectoderm | Anatomy | Embryology and abdominal wall layer | d93ddf82-f42a-46f2-aa14-a093783dfb56 | single |
Lallo, aged 54 years, who is a known diabetic patient develops cirrhosis. There is associated skin hyperpigmentation and restrictive cardiomyopathy which of the following is the best initial test to diagnose this case. | Answer is A (Iron binding capacity): The presence of hyperpigmentation and diabetes (bronze diabetes) together with restrictive cardiomyopathy and cirrhosis.suggests a diagnosis of hereditary hematochromatosis. The best initial test to diagnose hereditary hematochromatosis are Transferrin saturation and unsaturated Iro... | 1 | Iron binding capacity | Serum ferritin | Serum copper | Serum ceruloplasmin | Medicine | null | a2e9a0d5-8983-470a-b01d-0f24fdf723c3 | multi |
Essential pentosuria is seen in defect of which pathway - | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Uronic acid pathway o Essential pentosuria is an inherited disorder of uronic acid pathway due to deficiency of enzyme L-xylulose dehydrogenase. | 2 | HMP shunt | Uronic acid pathway | TCA cycle | Gluconeogenesis | Unknown | null | 760719cb-5077-435a-b939-979124b237ac | single |
Subterminal spores are seen in ? | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Cl perfringens | 1 | Cl perfringens | Cl tetani | Cl teium | null | Microbiology | null | 531aefea-7f74-4e3c-b377-0bef361ed305 | multi |
All are causes of pulmonary hypeension except, | Hyperventilation [Ref Harrison 17th/e p. 1579; 161h/e p. 14041 There are three main causes of pulmonary hypeension:- i) Cardiac diseases ii) Respiratory disease iii) Pulmonary thromboembolic disease Cardiac diseases -Lead to pulmonary hypeension by increasing pulmonary blood flow (e.g., large left to right shunt) or by... | 1 | Hyperventilation | Morbid obesity | High altitude | Fenfluramine | Surgery | null | c896aa39-186d-4486-8bb5-405779978906 | multi |
All of the following are impoant mechanisms of gene transfer in bacteria, except ? | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Veical gene transfer Gene transfer Gene transfer refers to the process of genetic material (e.g. DNA) being sent and received among two organisms-* Donor sends and recipient receives the genetic material. There are two processes of gene transfer :? 1. Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) or lateral gene tra... | 3 | Lateral gene transfer | Conjugation | Veical gene transfer | Horizontal gene transfer | Microbiology | null | 4b90b221-f681-416e-8e0e-698beb968d5a | multi |
Atropine causes all except: March 2012 | Ans: A i.e. Bronchoconstriction Effects of atropine Atropine causes bronchodilatation and reduced airway resistance, especially in COPD and asthma patients The most prominent effect of atropine is to cause tachycardia Atropine markedly decreases sweat, salivary (dry mouth), tracheobronchial and lacrimal secretion (M3 b... | 1 | Bronchoconstriction | Tachycardia | Dry mouth | Mydriasis | Pharmacology | null | 68924fe4-7d98-4bc6-8bf0-0a07f6f6e79a | multi |
Menkes Kinky hair syndrome is characterized by a congenital deficiency of | Menkes disease ("Kinky" or "steely" hair disease) is a disorder of copper metabolism due to mutations in the gene for a copper-binding P-type ATPase, i.e. ATP7A gene. | 4 | Serum ceruloplasmin | Serum copper | Ferochelatase | Copper binding ATPase | Biochemistry | null | 6169974b-3be5-43ea-9f23-f0e102d9cc39 | single |
Pig in H1N1 influenza acts as? | Pig / swine is reservoir of H1N1 influenza. Reference; Park&;s Textbook of preventive and social medicine, 24th edition.Pg no. 164 | 3 | Carrier | Amplifying host | Reservoir | Vector | Social & Preventive Medicine | Communicable diseases | 3a34a796-3c2b-45c7-ba21-c23f640e2611 | single |
Negri bodies are hallmark of Rabies, these Negri bodies are seen in? | Negri bodies are intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion seen inside the neurons, especially hippocampal pyramidal cells and parking cells. | 1 | Neurons | Microglia | Astrocytes | Oligodendroglia | Pathology | null | 31796089-d45d-4c6c-a1c4-44e1d4933bdc | multi |
Trichomoniasis is | Trichomoniasis is non viral sexually transmitted disease. Vertical transmission during birth is possible. It's incidence increases with patient age. | 2 | Viral sexually transmitted disease. | Marker of high-risk sexual behaviour. | No evidence of vertical transmission. | Incidence decreases with patient age. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | 2d22f08a-aea8-4535-93fc-a9b62a639484 | multi |
Thornwaldt's abscess FALSE is- | null | 4 | Antibiotics | Marsupialization | Removal of lining | Antihistaminics | ENT | null | 0d766562-6547-451c-a2bd-a74ab6636fc1 | multi |
What is the use of bezlotoxumab? | bezlotocumab is a human Monoclonal antibody used in the treatment to prevemt tht recurrence of clostridium difficale infections. It acts by binding to Fab regions of the antibody and neutralises the toxin B. | 3 | I | UTI | Cl difficale | Chickenpox | Pharmacology | All India exam | b7468bb7-9904-4a7c-a63b-ea4e3d327490 | single |
A 65-year-old P3+0 female complains of procidentia. She has past history of MI and is diabetic and hypeensive. Ideal management of prolapse in the patient is | Le fo&;s repairReserved for elderly patients with an advanced prolapse or for those women who are medically unfit The procedure can be performed under sedation and local anesthesia or epidural anesthesiaProcedureThe flaps of the vagina from the anterior and posterior vaginal walls are excised and raw areas are opposed ... | 4 | Cervicopexy | Vaginal hysterectomy | Wait and watch | Le fos repair | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Urogynecology | 58aa60b7-de56-49f8-bdc3-f902bdac64e0 | single |
A population of 1000 people in whom the prevalence of disease XYZ is 50%. ABC screening test was used to screen disease which has specificity and sensitivity of 50 %. What is positive predictive value of screening test ABC. | Total Population = 1000 Prevalence = 50% People have Disease = 500 Not have Disease = 500 Method 1 Test Disease [?] Th [?] A TP ? B FP ? Th C FN ? D TN ? 500 (given) 500 (given) 1000 (given) Test Disease [?] Th [?] A 250 B 250 Th C 250 D 250 Method 2 ( Baye's Theorum) | 1 | 50% | 25% | 75% | 10% | Social & Preventive Medicine | Screening | c74c496a-749d-49e1-a14b-02219d9f2111 | single |
Increased Gamma efferent discharge is seen in all except | (D) Rapid shallow breaking # Increased Gamma efferent discharge> Anxiety (hyperactive tendon reflexes)> Stimulation of skin, especially by noxious agent> Jendrassik's maneuver (trying to pull the hands apart when the flexed fingers are hooked together facilitates the knee-jerk reflex). | 4 | Anxiety | Jendrassik's manoeuvre | Stimulation of skin | Rapid shallow breathing | Physiology | Nervous System | f48fab39-b459-4691-aa64-2fa0f537564f | multi |
Plant penicillin is - | Organochlorine insecticides are chlorinated hydrocarbons and are divided into four types as: * DDT (dichlorodiphenyl-trichloroethane) and analogues * Benzene hexachloride group -- e.g. BHC, lindane * Cyclodines and related compounds -- e.g. endrin, aldrin,dieldrin, endosulfan, sobenzan * Toxaphene and related compounds... | 3 | CarbamateT | OPC | Endrin | DD | Forensic Medicine | Poisoning | fdff24e5-fe4a-432b-926a-43f607c62018 | single |
Which of the following is not a congenital anomaly? | Mastitis is an inflammation of breast tissue that sometimes involves an infection. The inflammation results in breast pain, swelling, warmth and redness. You might also have fever and chills. Mastitis most commonly affects women who are breast-feeding (lactation mastitis) . Ref - medscape.com | 4 | Amastia | Polymastia | Polythelia | Mastitis | Anatomy | General anatomy | cb167b75-f340-481f-9b8d-3916693ff8c5 | single |
FROMENT'S SIGN is due to which nerve injury? | FROMENT'S SIGN/BOOK TEST: - Tests Adductor pollicis muscle - It is innervated by ULNAR NERVE - In ulnar nerve injury, when the patient is asked to grasp a book firmly b/w thumb & other fingers of both the hands, Terminal phalanx of thumb on paralysed side becomes flexed at interphalangeal joint | 3 | Intercostobrachial nerve | Radial nerve | Ulnar nerve | Median nerve | Anatomy | Nerve supply, Nerve Lesions | 569884e1-8525-44a3-ba9c-0fdf93b31614 | single |
Cholesterol is not a precursor for synthesis of: | Cholesterol is a precursor for synthesis of : Vitamin D, Steroid hormones Bile acids Lipocoin/ Annexin, inhibitor of phospholipase A2 enzyme. Increased expression of the gene coding for annexin-1 is one of the mechanisms by which glucocoicoids (such as coisol) inhibit inflammation. | 3 | Vitamin D | Bile acids | Lipocoin | Progesterone | Biochemistry | Cholesterol synthesis and bile acids | 4730fc88-336d-4c5c-8280-8767ddf4b6f2 | single |
True regarding the development of ear: (PGI Dec 2007) | Ans: A (Eustachian tube..); B (Eustachian tube.,); C (Pinna develops..) & D (Growth of the inner,.) Eustachian Tubeit connects nasopharynx with the tympanic cavity. In adults it is about 36 cm long & runs downwards, forwards media] ly from its tympanic end, forming an angle of 45 with the horizontal.The tympanic end of... | 1 | Eustachian tube opens at the level of inferior turbinate | Eustachian tube develops from the cleft of first arch | Pinna develops from the cleft of 1st arch | Growth of the inner-ear completed by 4tb month | Unknown | null | 510ca6ca-119a-41d5-9cb1-1548b28c6b9a | multi |
All of the following drugs are associated with pure red cell aplasia except | null | 4 | Phenytoin | Azathioprine | Chloramphenicol | Ethambutol | Medicine | null | ef5f028e-ed75-4eff-ab33-7cdcdb5550b4 | multi |
Which of the following statements is true of cholera enterotoxin? | . | 1 | Appears to produce its effect by stimulating adenyl cyclase activity in mucosal cells | Causes destruction of the intestinal mucosa allowing for invasive infection | Causes a net efflux of ions and water from tissue into the lumen of the large intestine | Is a protein with a molecular weight of about 284,000 | Pathology | All India exam | 89bd391a-fbc1-41e5-b7ca-e0db002ff919 | multi |
The antistreptolysin O (ASO) titer is used in the diagnosis of: | The antistreptolysin O (ASO) titer is the most commonly used streptococcal antibody test to establish a recent streptococcal infection and acute rheumatic fever (ARF). An ASO titer of 240 Todd units or higher in adults or 320 Todd units or higher in children is considered modestly elevated. ASO titers above 500 Todd un... | 2 | Acute rheumatoid ahritis | Acute rheumatic fever | Ankylosing spondylitis | Osteoahritis | Pathology | null | 840e8102-4c5d-4986-b260-4465c9d529b8 | single |
A 57-year-old male patient with a history of alcoholism has decided to stop drinking. Of the following, the agent most commonly used to treat anxiety and agitation associated with the initial stages of alcohol withdrawal is | Chlordiazepoxide Because it is long-acting and has relatively low abuse potential, chlordiazepoxide is the antianxiety agent most commonly used to treat the anxiety and agitation associated with the initial stages of alcohol withdrawal. | 4 | zaleplon | flurazepam | clonazepam | chlordiazepoxide | Psychiatry | Substance Related and Addictive Disorders | 8c320b20-e222-4354-87e9-20f390d41700 | single |
M.0 cause of liver abscess: | Ans. (c) E. coli Remember: E.coli is MC cause of: - intraabdominal abscess - Neonatal meningitis - UTI. Note: Most common manifestation of E. coli : Diarrhea > UTI > Abdominal and pelvic infection | 3 | Streptococcus | Staph'aureus | E. coli | Staph pyogenes | Microbiology | null | 3c7aa4ca-6d68-4f79-ab46-5aaaa06d1192 | single |
Lovastatin causes | Ans. is 'a' and 'c' i.e., Increased LDL receptor and Decreased LDL cholesterol Statins -Mechanism of action -Decrease the synthesis of cholesterol by inhibition of rate limiting enzyme HMG CoA. reductase.Effect on lipids Decrease in lipids Decrease Triglycerides Increase HDLStatins decrease synthesis of cholesterol by ... | 1 | Increased LDL receptor | Decreased HDL cholesterol | Decreased LDL cholesterol | Increased SGOT/SGPT ratio | Pharmacology | Hypolipidemic | aaedaaf0-f40f-4e3c-a6f5-040b55fa5c78 | single |
Metrinidazole is least likely to be effective in the treatment of | Ref-KDT 6/e p686 Metranidazole is not effective against pneumocyst infection. The DOC for this condition is cotrimoxazole | 1 | Hepatic amoebiasis | Infection caused by bacteroides fragilis | Pseudomembranous colitis | Pneumocystosis | Anatomy | Other topics and Adverse effects | bfd34a13-911f-43c3-a863-a40c44ad4857 | single |
All are true regarding the enamel spindles except: | Enamel spindles are formed by extensions of odontoblast processes into enamel before calcification. They are odontoblastic processes that cross the dentinoenamel junction and get entrapped in the enamel. | 1 | Produced by ameloblasts | Found in the region of cusps | Surrounded by interprismatic enamel | Terminate as rounded process | Dental | null | 4debacc9-abe0-44fb-87e5-a8c407fd4d8e | multi |
Uretheritis is seen in: | Answer is A (Reiter's Syndrome): Syndrome is characterized by the triad of urethritis, conjunctivitis and ahritis. | 1 | Reiter's syndrome | Gout | Rheumatoid ahritis | PAN | Medicine | null | ae8c8dfe-e1eb-4333-b144-773fcfb7d94e | single |
The syndromic management of urethral discharge includes | Ans. c. Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatisSyndromic ManagementUrethral discharge: Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatisGenital ulcer disease: Syphilis and Chancroid | 3 | Neisseria gonorrhoeae and herpes genitalis | Chlamydia trachomatis and herpes genitalis | Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis | Syphilis and chancroid | Skin | S.T.D. | a86f01ca-8812-42ff-a67d-6227a2f107da | single |
Splenectomy can lead to: September 2005 | Ans. B: Thrombocytosis Thrombocytosis sometimes occurs after spleen-removal surgery. Spleen holds approximately one-third of the blood platelets that are in the human body. So, it stands to reason that the removal of the spleen would prompt an increase in blood-platelet circulation throughout the body. The thrombocytos... | 2 | Leucopenia | Thrombocytosis | Thrombocytopenia | Thrombocytopenia and leucopenia | Surgery | null | 6b07e7cb-b1ab-4eb4-b651-4c3255fe2218 | single |
Which antimalarial drug can be safely administered baby with gluc ose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase' deficiency: | Chloroquine | 1 | Chloroquine | Quinine | Mefloquinine | Primaquine | Pharmacology | null | 9b166cec-7c0d-4605-99dc-ec7defcfb021 | single |
International disease surveillance is for | Diseases under WHO surveillance
Polio
Rabies
Relapsing fever
Influenza
Salmonella
Malaria
Louse born typhus | 3 | Hepatitis | TB | Polio | Leprosy | Social & Preventive Medicine | null | c7779db7-05bb-4067-b727-a8910157a0bc | single |
Sperm motility is increased in | Sperm motility describes the ability of sperm to move properly through the female reproductive tract (internal feilization)Ref: Ganong&;s review of medical physiology;24th edition; page no:-421 | 3 | Increased temperature | Acidic environment | Vaginal secretions | Seminiferous tubules | Physiology | Endocrinology | 272a5790-14d5-40a1-b60d-0d7326e0e76a | single |
A 24-year-old man on chronic corticosteroid therapy for severe asthma presents with a 6-month history of increasing hip pain. This patient most likely exhibits symptoms of which of the following metabolic bone diseases? | Risk factors for osteoporosis include smoking, vitamin D deficiency, low body mass index, hypogonadism, a sedentary lifestyle, and glucocorticoid therapy (seen in this patient). Bone loss and fractures are the hallmarks of osteoporosis, regardless of the underlying cause. Choices A and C are congenital disorders that a... | 4 | Gaucher disease | Osteomalacia | Osteopetrosis | Osteoporosis | Pathology | Osteology | 080352ad-7e86-4226-b64e-f49556d40ecc | single |
A 54-year old woman complains of hot flashes and night sweats. Her last menstrual period was 2 years ago. She also has migraine headaches and a family history of breast cancer her maternal aunt. What is the appropriate treatment for her? | This 54-year old woman has vasomotor instability and needs hormonal replacement. Because she has two contraindications to estrogen therapy (migraine headaches and a family history of breast cancer), medroxyprogesterone acetate is the best treatment of choice. Even though it is less effective than estrogen, it still can... | 3 | Hysterectomy | Endometrial biopsy | Medroxyprogesterone acetate | Estrogen cream | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | cfef42d6-816c-4a75-a78b-eda83b00c201 | single |
Which of the following areas of the oral cavity are affected by inflammatory papillary hyperplasia? | null | 3 | Lips | Tongue | Palate | Gingival | Dental | null | 64376635-171e-438a-b5bd-b62a74125964 | single |
The quadrangular space is bounded by the following structures, except the- | Ans. C. DeltoidTHE QUADRANGULAR AND TRIANGULAR SPACESa. Anteriorly, the quadrangular space is bounded by subscapularis, the capsule of the shoulder joint and teres minor above, teres major below, the long head of triceps medially, and the surgical neck of the humerus laterally.b. Posteriorly, the quadrangular space is ... | 3 | Surgical neck of the humerus | Long head of triceps | Deltoid | Teres major | Anatomy | Upper Extremity | 78480f96-9e01-4bd3-adcf-80566c5738af | multi |
True about Salmonella typhi infection in intestine are: | Ans. (a) Affects Peyer's patches Enteric manifestations of S.typhi: S. typhi invades peyer's patches and form oval ulcer with their long axis along the length of bowel (Tuberculosis result in transverse ulcer). Peyer's patches lie along antimesentric border, so ulcer are common in antimesentric border. Stricture is rar... | 1 | Affects peyer's patches | Common in mesenteric border | Erythrophagocytosis is characteristic | Strictures are common | Microbiology | null | 0598f0a7-338a-4e61-9a4f-06c76618de74 | multi |
Ghost (shadow) cells are seen in | null | 4 | Arnetoblastic fibroodontoma | calcifying odontogenic cyst | compound odontoma | all of the above | Pathology | null | 1db7b701-6c33-436b-8f04-ee586d74a404 | multi |
Following cailage are derivative fo Second arch except | Human embryology Tenth edition Inderbir Singh's Pg 132 The cailage of the second arch forms the following: Stapes Styloid process Stylohyoid ligament Smaller cornu of hyoid bone Superior pa of body of hyoid bone The following structures are derived from cailage of third arch Greater cornu of hyoid bone Lower pa of body... | 2 | Smaller cornu of hyoid | Greater cornu of hyoid | Styloid process | Stylohyoid ligament | Anatomy | General anatomy | b10301f0-c166-4b48-8e69-f7211ea75869 | multi |
Antidepressant drug that can he used in nocturnal enuresis is? | In children above 5 years, imipramine 25 mg at bedtime is effective, but bed wetting may again sta when the drug is stopped. Eldery subjects with bed wetting have also benefited. REF: KD Tripati 8th ed. | 1 | Imipramine | Fluvoxamine | Phenelzine | Bupropion | Pharmacology | Central Nervous system | ff4bc088-992a-4144-822d-66c62e41baba | single |
Which of the following treatments for menorrhagia is not supported by evidence? | Ans. is 'b' i.e. Ethamsylate Ethamsylate has a dubious role in treatment of menorrhagia. Tranexamic acid, progesterone and combined OCP, all have proven role in treatment of menorrhagia."Ethamsylate is thought to act by reducing capillary fragility, though the precise mechanisms are uncertain. Studies with objective MB... | 2 | Tranexamic acid | Ethamsylate | Combined OCP | Progesterone | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Heavy menstrual bleeding | 901ca567-6109-4f86-a5da-0db18a0c6741 | single |
During the process of chlorination of water, the disinfecting action of chlorine is due to the formation of- | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite ions | 4 | Hydrochloric acid only | Hypochlorous acid only | Hydrochloric acid and hypochiorite ions | Hypochiorous acid and hypochiorite ions | Social & Preventive Medicine | null | 7a9c4356-41c6-4280-9067-5266020330f8 | single |
Which of the following does not occur in mitochondria? | null | 2 | TCA cycle | HMP Shunt | Urea cycle | Beta oxidation of fatty acids | Biochemistry | null | b5219c88-01c6-4d07-acc6-7093c55634f0 | single |
The net protein utilization of rice is - | 1gm of protein is assumed to be equivalent to 6.25g of N. Rice contain 7g of protein. REF. PARK'S TEXTBOOK OF PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDICAL 21ST EDITION. PAGE NO - 584 | 3 | 20% | 40% | 63% | 81% | Social & Preventive Medicine | Nutrition and health | 7c6366c2-5120-4b5d-851f-06b8c5f6886e | single |
All are serotonin recuptake inhibitor except: | Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRis) Fluoxetine, Fluvoxamine, Paroxetine, Seraline, Citalopram, Escitalopram Ref: K D Tripathi 8th edition | 4 | Fluoxetine | Fluvoxamine | Paroxetine | Amoxapine | Pharmacology | Central Nervous system | 52b6adcc-5a72-46f9-b036-a0f7aca2c586 | multi |
Meningitis with rash is seen in - | null | 1 | Neisseria meningitidis | H. influenzae | Strep. agalactiae | Pneumococcus | Microbiology | null | 89245ed2-d952-4573-9b09-7fbc2a61fcde | single |
Cutaneous innervations of dorsum of foot are marked in the given diagram. The area D supplied by | Common peroneal nerve wind around the neck of fibula and divide into superficial and deep peroneal nerve Superficial peroneal nerve (musculo cutaneous nerve of lower limb) - supplies peroneus longus and brevis Deep peroneal nerve - supplies extensor compament of leg CHOICE EXPLANATION & ELIMINATION REASON 1 B - area su... | 2 | Deep peroneal nerve | Superficial peroneal nerve | Tibial nerve | Sciatic nerve | Anatomy | Nerve supply of Lower Limb | 43a40644-73eb-4796-a552-ec87c21968ff | single |
Amyloidosis is commonly associated with: | null | 4 | Chronic osteomyelitis | Periostitis | Acute osteomyelitis | Multiple myeloma | Pathology | null | 5b6722ce-20f4-4735-a1a3-fdbff9e9a1ed | single |
Prostaglandin analogs have therapeutic utility in the following EXCEPT : | Prostaglandin analogs are useful for
Pulmonary hypertension
Impotence
Peptic ulcer
Bronchial asthma
Inflammatory bowel disease
Remember, For PDA, indomethacin (drug decreasing PGs) is used. | 1 | Palliative treatment of patent ductus arteriosus | Pulmonary hypertension | Impotence | Inflammatory bowel disease | Pharmacology | null | 1f0908f8-c072-4be5-8423-d861030631a0 | multi |
Disseminated seminoma is treated by | null | 1 | CT or RT and orchidectomy | Only RT | Only CT | Retroperitoneal lymphnode dissection | Surgery | null | 139bdc6f-283c-4d4d-9369-92b12c869f41 | single |
A patient presents with macroglossia and loss of tongue papilla. His Hb is 11.5 and MCV is 100. What should be the next step in investigating this patient? | null | 1 | B12 estimation | Brush biopsy of the lesion | Fluconazole treatment | Incision biopsy | Medicine | null | 84baa9d6-7ced-4bcc-b803-b611f5de3e34 | multi |
A 25-year-old woman complains of headache for 4 months duration. She is obese and has bilateral papilledema, and her vision is deteriorating. Her opening CSF pressure is elevated; other CSF findings are normal. CT and MRI scans are normal. These signs are due to the result of impairment of CSF egress. At which of the f... | Condition - Pseudotumor cerebri (benign intracranial hypeension), seen primarily in young obese women between the age of 20 and 50. -likely due to high pressure within the skull caused by the buildup or poor absorption of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by Arachnoid villi activity. -Symptoms of pseudotumor cerebri include he... | 1 | Arachnoid villi | Cerebral aqueduct | Foramen of Luschka (lateral) | Foramen of Magendie (median) | Anatomy | Development of nervous system and cerebrum | aab1c795-d0b4-4276-8a05-8e91a99d8cf0 | single |
During endoscopic biopsy of a distal esophageal cancer, perforation of the esophagus is suspected when the patient complains of significant new substernal pain. An immediate chest film reveals air in the mediastinum. You would recommend | Esophagogastrectomy celiotomy ......... Perforation of the esophagus in the chest is a surgical catastrophe that requires aggressive intervention in viually all circumstances. While that intervention can usually consist of effos to patch the perforation and drain the mediastinum concomitant obstructive esophageal disea... | 4 | Placement of a nasogastric tube to the levels of perforations, antibiotics, and close observation | Spit fistula (cervical pharyngostomy) and gastrostomy | Left thoracotomy, pleural patch oversewing of the perforation, and drainage of the mediastinum. | Esophagogastrectomy celiotomy and right thoracotomy | Surgery | null | 790b248f-dd11-431c-9621-ae33a3e499d4 | single |
True statement regarding 'Fistula in ano' is - | null | 4 | Posterior fistulae have straight tracks | High fistulae can be operated with no fear of incontinence | High and low divisions are made in relation to the pelvic floor | Intersphincteric is the most common type | Surgery | null | f0627f9a-0356-4ea8-b748-03680866f8bb | multi |
Pastia's lines in scarlet fever are | null | 3 | White lines on the dorsum of the tongue | Seen bilaterally on buccal mucosa | Present in skin folds secondary to capillary fragility | Seen when white and red strawberry tongue occur concomitantly | Surgery | null | bd045c2d-c9e3-481d-bd02-39296c4973da | multi |
Composites usually do not need pulp thermal protection below it because they have: | Composites usually donot need liners and bases for thermal protection as they are poor conductors of heat and have low thermal conductivity. They may need liners for pulp capping and also to reduce effects of polymerization shrinkage but not for thermal protection.
Reference- Sturdevant 6th ed | 3 | High Linear coefficient of thermal expansion | High density | Low thermal conductivity | All of the above | Dental | null | f1422814-8f47-4399-b6ee-22f1dbefc50e | multi |
Indication for surgery in benign prostatic hyperophy are all except: 1. Urinary retention 2. Frequency 3. Enlarged prostate | | freuency & enlarged prostate are not an indication for surgery in BPH. Absolute indications for surgery in BPH Refractory urinary retention (falling at least one attempt catheter removal) Recurrent UTI. Recurrent gross hematuria Bladder stones (BS) Renal insufficiency Minimal improvement or medical treatment. | 4 | Only 1 | 1 & 2 | 2 & 3 | 1, 2 & 3 | Surgery | Prostate and seminal vesicles | 1b36c303-3642-4846-b367-a63a56061cd2 | multi |
Which of the following is not asked in personal history in a psychiatric disorder? | Food preferences is not a standard component of psychiatric history. The impoant components of personal history in psychiatry include the following: 1. Perinatal history 2. Childhood history 3. Educational history (Academic history) 4. Occupational history 5. Sexual and marital history 6. Menstural history | 3 | Occupational history | Academic history | Food preferences | Marital history | Psychiatry | Basics of Psychiatry | e2d7f4ae-8862-455a-90b0-2089f366fb52 | single |
Which of the following chemotherapy agent can cause SIADH? | Neoplasms: Carcinoma - lung, duodenum, pancreas, ovary, Mesothelioma, Branchial adenoma, Carcinoid, Ewing sarcoma Head trauma Infections- Pneumonia, Abscess (lung or brain), Cavitation (aspergillosis), TB (lung or brain), Meningitis (Bacterial or viral) Encephalitis, AIDS Vascular: Cerebrovascular occlusions, hemorrhag... | 1 | Vincristine | Doxorubicin | Dacarbazine | Cyclophosphamide | Pharmacology | Chemotherapy | fce35113-0788-44b2-9d15-f868f68ccb5f | single |
KISA% is associated with- | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Keratoconus * The KISA index is used in cases of keratoconus and is derived using 4 indices:i) Central keratometry Kii) Inferior- Superior keratometry (I-S)iii) Astigmatism Index (AST)* It is calculated using videokeratograph device and it quantifies th degree of corneal astigmatism and the SRAX index... | 1 | Keratoconus | Keratoglobus | Hypermetropia with astigmatism | Terrien's marginal degeneration | Ophthalmology | Cornea | 043e7630-9174-4b95-805a-6ef9849924bf | single |
Recurrent chalazion in old age may indicate: March 2004 | Ans. C i.e. Adenocarcinoma of the meibomian giana | 3 | Squamous cell carcinoma | Basal cell carcinoma | Adeno carcinoma of the meibomian gland | Sebaceous gland carcinoma | Ophthalmology | null | 13a8f81e-fa2b-4225-bc58-75f065837d81 | single |
Hyperangina is caused by ?( | Hepangina is caused by Coxsackie viruses Ref Harrison20th edition pg 980 | 4 | Echovirus | Coxsakie virus | Enterovirus | All of the above | Medicine | Infection | fa2aff66-70cc-4949-b3c5-5476f72e27f5 | multi |
Omalizumab is used in treatment of: | Omalizumab is a blocking antibody that neutralizes circulating IgE without binding to cell-bound IgE; it thus inhibits IgE-mediated reactions. This treatment has been shown to reduce the number of exacerbations in patients with severe asthma and may improve asthma control. However, the treatment is very expensive and o... | 2 | Breast carcinoma | Asthma | Rheumatoid ahritis | None of the above | Medicine | null | 67687939-f2be-4168-9d3d-d4282e3df301 | multi |
Pautrier's micro-abscess is a histological feature of- | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Mycosis fungoides Pautrier's microabscesses is a histopathological characteristics of mycosis fungoides.Pautrier's micro abscesses * It is an intraepidermal collection of atypical lymphocytes and band of lymphoid cells in the upper dermis. More on mycosis fungoidesIt is a malignant tumour of dermis.It... | 3 | Sarcoidosis | Tuberculosis | Mycosis fungoides | Pityriasis Lichenoides Chronica | Skin | Skin Cancer | 6bc37353-1bdb-419a-acba-bc062beaaf51 | single |
Possibility of veical transfer of HIV infection if prophylaxis is given: March 2007 | Ans. A: 1% Possibility of veical transfer of HIV infection in pregnant woman who are receiving combination antiretroviral therapy is approaching 1%. | 1 | 1% | 2% | 3% | 4% | Medicine | null | 76c65ee0-b325-4970-a680-2306166f1a3b | single |
a new agent was developed to increase the recognition of foreign antigens by antigen presenting cells .true regarding the physiological aspects of APCs | EXOGENOUS ANTIGENS ARE FIRST PHAGOCYTOSED BY APCs THEN THEY ARE PROCESSED BY APC s and presented on the surface of apc along with mhc 2 to be recognised by cd4+ t cells antigen Presenting Cells Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are specialized cells, which include macrophages, B lymphocytes, and dendritic cells, are dist... | 4 | antigen is presented MHC-1 complexes | APCs are required before a response to viruses are generated | direct antibody stimulation still requires APCs | antigen processed by APC are recognised by CD 4+ tcells | Microbiology | All India exam | 116faa47-969d-4426-b740-30afa252a36a | multi |
In addition to ETEC another strain of E.coli that causes Travellers diarrhea is | .Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is a non-Shiga toxin-producing strain of E. coli that causes diarrhea an "attaching and effacing" mechanism on the surface of enterocytes . In adults, EPEC diarrhea presents as watery diarrhea (sometimes associated with vomiting) in association with a low-grade fever | 3 | EIEC | EHEC | EAEC | EPEC | Pathology | All India exam | a098ecb0-6192-48a6-9151-117529c55c9a | single |
Combination of Sparfloxacin and Terfenadine can cause: | Drugs that prolong Q-T interval : CLASSIFICATION DRUGS 1. Antiarrhythmics Quinidine, Procainamide, Disopyramide, Propafenone, Amiodarone 2. Antimalarials Quinine, Mefloquine, Aemisinin, Halofantrine 3. Antibacterials Sparfloxacin, Moxifloxacin 4. Antihistaminics Terfenadine, Astemizole, Ebastine 5. Antidepressants Amit... | 4 | Myopathy | Nephropathy | Electrolyte imbalance | Ventricular arrhythmia | Pharmacology | Antimetabolites and Quinolones | 43612bcd-8624-41f1-9101-b7d322b8fb20 | single |
All of the following are absoulate indications for intubation except - | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Maxillofacial fractures o Basic indications for emergency endotracheal intubation1. Airway blockage# Life-threatening airway obstruction may occur when a foreign bodybecomes lodged in the airway; this is especially common in infants and toddlers.# Severe blunt or penetrating injury to the face or neck... | 4 | Depressed level of consciousness | Bleeding into the airway | Falling O2 Saturation | Maxillofacial fractures | Surgery | Maxillo Facial Injuries | 53554b50-af30-4572-b551-6b0624450381 | multi |
Swimming pool granuloma is caused by: March 2010 | Ans. C: Mycobacterium marinum Aquarium granuloma/ Fishtank granuloma/swimming pool granuloma results when water containing an infectious organism, Mycobacterium marinum, enters a break in the skin. A localized infection called a granuloma results after about 3 weeks. The person usually has a history of exposure to swim... | 3 | Mycobacterium chelone | Mycobacterium kansasii | Mycobacterium marinum | Mycobacterium ulcerans | Microbiology | null | 54f2cc7e-a366-4df9-9d66-bcda14adde8a | single |
True about Epidural anesthesia: | B i.e. C/I in coagulopathies Epidural anaesthesia is given in epidural spaceQ (extending from foramen magnum to sacral hiatus) not in subarachnoid spaceQ (which is used for intrathecal - spinal anesthesia). In comparison to spinal anesthesia, the volume of drug given is larger, onset on effect is delayed (5-20 min) and... | 2 | Effects sta immediately | C/I in coagulopathies | Given in subarachnoid space | All | Anaesthesia | null | 7478f151-8219-4e89-93ea-1a3a5169460c | multi |
Post operative ileus is maximum in: | null | 1 | Colon | Ileum | Duodenum | Stomach | Surgery | null | aa258d14-2361-43e9-8546-8bef162e6980 | single |
The distance between tympanic membrane and medial wall of middle ear at the level of center is - | null | 4 | 3mm | 4 mm | 6mm | 2 mm | ENT | null | a43c9d5c-4248-4149-9d21-3ee82ef14edd | multi |
Which drug is not used for acute bronchial asthma ? | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Salmeterol Bambuterol is a prodrug of terbutaline. It is slowly hydrolysed by pseudocholineterase. Sho acting 132-agonists produce bronchodilatation within 5 min and action lasts for 2-6 hrs --> are used to abo and terminate acute asthma, but are not suitable for prophylaxis. Salmeterol is delayed act... | 1 | Salmeterol | Formeterol | Salbutamol | Coicosteroids | Pharmacology | null | eae4ca0e-4348-4044-92e1-f8809bb09041 | single |
Regulation of coronary circulation is? | The caliber of the coronary vessels, and consequently the rate of coronary blood flow, is influenced not only by pressure changes in the aoa but also by chemical and neural factors. The coronary circulation shows considerable autoregulation.Ref: Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology Twenty-Third Edition Page No: 579 | 2 | Autonomic | Autoregulatory | Hormonal | Sympathetic | Physiology | Cardiovascular system | 94a28666-14fd-4874-94c4-6cc3babccd7d | single |
In testicular tumours | (Maldescent of testis leads to malignancy) (1411-LB) (1385-B & L 25th)Tumours of the Testes* About 99% of testicular neoplasm are malignant and although they make up only about 1 -2% of malignant tumours (MC tumours in young males)* **Maldescent undoubtedly predisposes to malignancy.* Tumours of testis = Seminoma (40%)... | 2 | Only 10% are malignant | Maldescent of testes leads to malignancy | Extremely painful | Excoriation of the superficial skin | Surgery | Testis & Scrotum | 050bf53f-7568-4a4f-a381-e8c7c1d36222 | single |
Which of the following changes in pregnancy needs fuher evaluation ? | Atrial and ventricular premature contractions ,15deg Left Axis Detion and mild ST changes in inferior leads are considered normal during pregnancy. Criteria for diagnosing Hea Disease in Pregnancy (Finding Suggestive of Hea Disease in Pregnancy). Symptoms: Progressive dyspnea or ohopnea. Nocturnal cough Hemoptysis Sync... | 3 | Ventricular premature contractions | 15deg Left Axis Detion | Cardiomegaly | Mild ST changes in inferior leads | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Physiological Changes of Pregnancy | 72da6ec6-5c85-45de-a0e4-f4d27d4f9faa | single |
The following is not true of candida albicans - | Candida (GPOBYC) is yeast like fungi. Chlamydospores are typically produced by C. albicans on cornmeal agar at 25degC, but not by other Candida species. C. albicans can cause meningitis in immunocompromised patients. Blastomere - seen in Hookworm egg | 3 | Yeast like fungus | Forms chlamydospores | Blastomeres seen in isolates | Causes meningitis in immunocompromised | Microbiology | Mycology | bd623a46-10bd-496c-947f-5dc05034c284 | multi |
The most serious alkali burns of the eye are produced by | CHEMICAL INJURIES Alkali burns: Alkali burns are among the most severe chemical injuries known to the ophthalmologists. Common alkalies responsible for burns are: lime, caustic potash or caustic soda and liquid ammonia (most harmful). Clinical picture: It can be divided into three stages: 1. Stage of acute ischaemic ne... | 2 | Caustic soda | Liquid ammonia | Lime | None of the above | Ophthalmology | Ocular trauma | 6062f823-2f26-453f-90ab-d20b6c53de73 | multi |
What is the Iron and Folic acid requirement of 6 months to 10 year old children? | As per Rajiv Gandhi scheme for empowerment of adolescent girls (SABLA) Children between 6 months to 60 months should be given 20 mg elemental iron and 100 microgram folic acid per day per child. The tablets for mothers contain 60 mg elemental iron and 500 microgram folic acid and those for children contain 20 mg iron a... | 1 | 20 mg elemental iron and 100 microgram folic acid | 100 mg elemental iron and 500 microgram folic acid | 60 mg elemental iron and 500 microgram folic acid | 100 mg elemental iron and 1000 microgram folic acid | Pediatrics | null | 5b1e5c41-491a-4e67-bbda-c6bb97aa4930 | single |
Best prognosis in CA GB is seen in | Histological types in gallbladder Carcinoma Diffuse infiltrative :MC type Nodular or mass forming Papillary : Exhibits polypoid or cauliflower appearance and have best prognosis Adenocarcinoma : MC histological subtype of CA GB Ref: Sabiston 20th edition Pgno :1512-1514 | 1 | Papillary | Adenocarcinoma | Squamous | Melanoma | Anatomy | G.I.T | e96fe0ba-1b84-4d97-93e3-73def80a6f04 | single |
Hereditary angioneurotic edema is due to ? | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Deficiency of C1 inhibitor Hereditary angioneurotic edema is due to C1inhibitor (Ci esterase inhibitor) deficiency. | 1 | Deficiency of C1 inhibitor | Deficiency of NADPH oxidase | Deficiency of MPO | Deficiency of properdin | Microbiology | null | 9ed3502c-7221-40d5-a4d2-2bdedadbc09e | single |
Patau syndrome due to - | null | 2 | Trisomy 21 | Trisomy 13 | 18 P | Trisomy 18 | Pathology | null | e9c17446-2ef3-4c5a-b05d-028d40514cf1 | single |
Traveller's diarrhea is caused by: | Ans. (c) ETECRef: Microbiology by Atianthanarayan and Paniker 8th Ed. / 276 & 277* Hemoltic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a type 3 hypersensitivity reaction associated with small vessel vasculitis.* Organisms causing HUS is E.Coli (particularly EHEC) and shigella dysentriae. | 3 | EIEC | EPEC | ETEC | EHEC | Microbiology | Enterobecteriaceae | d9026a71-1f2c-4c67-a3d3-02f0949b144f | single |
Investigation of choice for myasthenia gravis? | Ans. (a) Single Fiber E.M.GRef: Harrison 19th ed. / 442e-6* Single fiber E.M.G is the investigation of choice for myasthenia gravis and shows a decremental response* Anti-acetylcholine receptor blocking antibody TITER is the most specific test for diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. Also remember that Tensilon test is a sc... | 1 | Single Fiber E.M.G | Muscle biopsy | Nerve conduction velocity | Anti -acetylcholine receptor antibody | Medicine | C.N.S. | e07e9372-e8e6-460e-b1b5-36eb251eace2 | single |
Treatment of choice for 3rd degree hemorrhoids is: September 2007 | Ans. C: Hemorrhoidectomy External hemorrhoids develop around the rim of the anus. External hemorrhoids cause most of the symptoms associated with hemorrhoids (pain, burning, and itching) because the skin around them is very sensitive. If an external hemorrhoid becomes strangulated, a clot can form in it and become an e... | 3 | Sclerotherapy | Band ligation | Hemorrhoidectomy | All of the above | Surgery | null | 7e82455b-71d2-48b5-b06b-3a5581984af8 | multi |
Which of the following can replace N2O as O2 carrier | Xenon has a very low blood-gas solubility coefficient (0.115) and produces rapid induction of and emergence from anesthesia. Xe is not teratogenic, does not undergo biotransformation, and exes anesthetic and analgesic effects under normal atmospheric pressure conditions (1.0 MAC = 71%). Xe is derived from a paicle deca... | 2 | Argon | Xenon | Helium | null | Anaesthesia | General anaesthesia | 9e0212d4-d8b1-4c07-a0ef-3232828e86a1 | multi |
A male 45 years old wants his missing teeth to be replaced. Intraoral examination reveals Kennedy class 4 edentulous maxillary arch. Impression is made with fast setting alginate.
The setting time of the material is : | A slight modification in the W/P ratio or the mixing time can have marked effects on two important properties of the gel, tear strength, and elasticity; thus, the setting time is best regulated by the amount of retarder added during the manufacturing process. Usually, the manufacturers make both fast-settin... | 1 | 1.5 to 3 min | 3 to 4.5 min | 3 to 4 min | 2 to 4 min | Dental | null | e0e8a6e5-5e16-445b-ad84-ebb6542a632d | single |
Golden color amniotic fluid is seen in : | Abnormal colors of amniotic fluid : Green : Meconium stained Golden yellow : Rh incompatibility Saffron(greenish yellow) : Postmaturity Dark brown(tobacco juic : IUD Dark colored : concealed accidental hemorrhage Reference: Dutta Textbook of Obstetrics 7th edition page 38 | 1 | Rh incompatibility | Fetal Death | lUGR | Fetal distress | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | General obstetrics | e30a8542-fb12-4b86-8597-50917056e68b | single |
All are oncogenic viruses except: | Ans: C (Human Metapneumovirus) Ref: Robbins and Cotran 'Pathologic Basis of Disease 8th Edition. Elsevier. 201. Pg 313.Explanation:Oncogenic RNA VirusesHuman T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 - T-cell leukemia/lymphomaHepatitis C Virus - Hepatocellular Carcinoma Oncogenic DNA VirusesHuman Papillomavirus.Types 1. 2. 4 & 7 - ... | 3 | Hepatitis C | Ebstein Barr virus | Human Metapneumovirus | Papillomavirus | Pathology | Infectious Disease | f803757d-2b0b-47e2-8d99-cd2c4bcaeaeb | multi |
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