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OK Vince Kaminski
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Shane, Two years is eternity at Enron.
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Vince
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Shirley, Please, send our logo to Debra.
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Vince
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Sorry if you get this impression.
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The real reason is that I treat the lunch meetings as an opportunity to get updates on things that are going on at more remote locations.
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I interact with each of the members of your group daily and I know what's going on.
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I agree with you, however, that the lunch meetings are not exclusively for my benefit, but also for the benefit of the other members of the group.
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I shall make sure that you have the opportunity to communicate your contribution to the company.
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Vince
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Eric, Thank you for your message.
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The only other message in my mailbox from you is dated 6/11/2000 and contains a reference to a resume I cannot locate.
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I checked the log of all the messages and could not find any other communication from you.
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Please, send a message with a resume again and we shall go from there.
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Vince Kaminski
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I will make sure that you have the opportunity to present your contributions.
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It makes also sense to ask Paulo every time to say a few words.
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Vince
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Shane, Fine with me.
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Vince
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Amy, Thanks.
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Steve will contact you directly to give you all the details.
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Vince
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Strickland Chris 227,Black Prince Ave, Coventry UK
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Eric, I have forwarded your resume to a number of units of Enron.
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My group hires candidates with advanced degrees in science and mathematics.
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Vince Kaminski
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I am forwarding a resume of one candidate who is very persistent and quite aggressive.
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Please, take a look at him.
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Vince
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FYI Vince
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Elena, FYI Vince
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Celeste, Thanks.
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Vince
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Please, take a look at the attached newsletter.
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Vince
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Mark, Please, tale a look at the attached newsletter.
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An interesting story on gaming Cal PX.
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Let me know if you have problems opening the document.
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Vince
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Original version.
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Vince
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John, I think the crucial distinction is between recognition of risks and elimination of risks through hedges (as correctly pointed out in other messages).
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Being aware of risk does not mean that one does not want to be compensated for it.
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Now a few more detailed comments.
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1.
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I think that illiquidity discount represents double counting when combined with a project finance discount rate.
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Illiquidity discount, in my view, should be applied to financial options that trade in a market without sufficient depth.
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One should apply a haircut if liquidating a position takes a long time.
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The approach used in valuation of the Turkish transaction is the same as approach used in valuation of investments in physical assets, which are by definition illiquid.
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This illiquidity is recognized through other aspects of valuation technology used in RAROC.
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If we apply an illiquidity correction in this case, we should be consistent and use this approach across the board for all project finance type cases (not that I recommend this course of action).
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2.
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Valuation of an unheadgable options.
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Let's look at it from the position of a seller of the option.
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He cannot hedge a short call or put and Black-Scholes valuation becomes the floor for the valuation: the seller has to be compensated for taking a price risk (as opposed to taking a vol risk when he hedges).
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The issue of the compensation he will require becomes fuzzy.
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The option really becomes an insurance type product and pricing depends on two factors: 1.
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risk preference 2.
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existing portfolio positions Risk preference.
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Insurance companies typically require a payment that consists of two parts: expected loss + unexpected loss.
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The latter is typically defined as 1 to 2 standard deviations.
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The number of standard deviations depends on risk appetite and the ability to absorb the loss.
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I admit that it is a bit fuzzy, but this is the way the world works.
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We looked into insurance pricing at the request of Jere Overdyke.
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You can talk to Vasant Shanbhogue to find out more about it.
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Existing portfolio positions.
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An additional contract may increase or decrease the risk of the overall portfolio.
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I would expect the deal to provide some risk diversification, but it does not look to me as a deal that reduces risk (given all our positions in this region).
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What are the practical implications?
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Pricing depends on risk appetite (the utility function of a decision maker in technical jargon) and becomes to some degree arbitrary.
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If we are short an option embedded in a deal and the option cannot be hedged, we should subtract from the value of the contract the value of the option (that is greater than the Black - Scholes value).
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If we don't price this option explicitly, the valuation of a contract will be based on a discount rate with a risk premium.
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In the case of an option buyer, the situation is reversed.
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If he cannot hedge, he should recognize the risk of losing the value of his investment and apply a discount to the value of the option.
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How big is the discount?
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See the comments above.
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In the special case, where hedging is possible and the Black-Scholes-Merton paradigm applies, both values will become equal (ignoring transaction costs).
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The values of an option form the point of view of a seller and a buyer will converge.
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3.
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What happens in case we use simulation technology?
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We can discount at the risk free rate along each scenario (each scenario will recognize the downside and/or upside at different points in time in different states of the world).
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If we run a sufficient number of scenarios, we shall get a distribution of NPV as of today.
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Knowing this distribution means that we can estimate risk, but in most cases we are still holding it.
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The expected value should be, therefore, adjusted for risk.
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This is equivalent to using a discount rate with a risk premium.
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I hope this helps.
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Please, call me with additional questions.
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Sorry for a delay in responding to this question.
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I ran my response by Stinson and Vasant, to make sure we all agree.
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It's a very complicated technical problem and the financial theory does not have good answers.
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Vince
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We may become famous in Japan.
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Please, see the message below.
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Vince
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Hi Jana, I would like to invite you to visit us in the Woodlands one weekend in July.
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My wife wants to make the house presentable after her long absence and the months of my neglect.
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I think I need the coming long weekend to clean up all the papers and we shall be ready.
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What about the following weekend or the next one?
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