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Pocket computer-Pocket computer-The programming language was usually BASIC.
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Xinetd-Xinetd-In computer networking, xinetd (Extended Internet Service Daemon) is an open-source super-server daemon which runs on many Unix-like systems, and manages Internet-based connectivity.It offers a more secure alternative to the older inetd ("the Internet daemon"), which most modern Linux distributions have d...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Xinetd-Description-xinetd listens for incoming requests over a network and launches the appropriate service for that request. Requests are made using port numbers as identifiers and xinetd usually launches another daemon to handle the request. It can be used to start services with both privileged and non-privileged por...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Xinetd-Configuration-Configuration of xinetd resides in the default configuration file /etc/xinetd.conf, and configuration of the services it supports resides in configuration files stored in the /etc/xinetd.d directory. The configuration for each service usually includes a switch to control whether xinetd should enabl...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Xinetd-Configuration-service time { disable = yes type = INTERNAL id = time-dgram socket_type = dgram protocol = udp user = root wait = yes } The lines with the "#" character at the beginning are comments without any effect on the service. There are two service versions: the first one is based on the Transmission Contr...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Xinetd-Configuration-The disable option is a switch to run a service or not. In most cases, the default state is yes. To activate the service, change it to no. There are three types of services. The type is INTERNAL if the service is provided by xinetd, RPC when it based on Remote procedure call (commonly listed in the...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Tap and flap consonants-Tap and flap consonants-In phonetics, a flap or tap is a type of consonantal sound, which is produced with a single contraction of the muscles so that one articulator (such as the tongue) is thrown against another.
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Tap and flap consonants-Contrast with stops and trills-The main difference between a tap or flap and a stop is that in a tap/flap there is no buildup of air pressure behind the place of articulation and consequently no release burst. Otherwise a tap/flap is similar to a brief stop.
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Tap and flap consonants-Contrast with stops and trills-Taps and flaps also contrast with trills, where the airstream causes the articulator to vibrate. Trills may be realized as a single contact, like a tap or flap, but are variable, whereas a tap/flap is limited to a single contact. When a trill is brief and made with...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Tap and flap consonants-Tap vs. flap-Many linguists use the terms tap and flap indiscriminately. Peter Ladefoged proposed for a while that it might be useful to distinguish between them. However, his usage was inconsistent and contradicted itself even between different editions of the same text. One proposed version of...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Tap and flap consonants-Tap vs. flap-A few languages have been reported to contrast a tap and a flap at the same place of articulation. This is the case for Norwegian, in which the alveolar apical tap /ɾ/ and the post-alveolar/retroflex apical flap /ɽ/ have the same place of articulation for some speakers, and Kamviri,...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Tap and flap consonants-IPA symbols-The tap and flap consonants identified by the International Phonetic Alphabet are: The Kiel Convention of the IPA recommended that for other taps and flaps, a homorganic consonant, such as a stop or trill, should be used with a breve diacritic: Tap or flaps: where no independent symb...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Tap and flap consonants-IPA symbols-However, the former could be mistaken for a short trill, and is more clearly transcribed ⟨ɢ̆⟩, whereas for a nasal tap the unambiguous transcription ⟨ɾ̃⟩ is generally used.
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Tap and flap consonants-Types of taps and flaps-Most of the alternative transcriptions in parentheses imply a tap rather than flap articulation, so for example the flap [ⱱ̟] and the tapped stop [b̆] are arguably distinct, as are flapped [ɽ̃] and tapped [ɳ̆].
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Tap and flap consonants-Types of taps and flaps-Alveolar taps and flaps Spanish features a good illustration of an alveolar flap, contrasting it with a trill: pero /ˈpeɾo/ "but" vs. perro /ˈpero/ "dog". Among the Germanic languages, the tap allophone occurs in American and Australian English and in Northern Low Saxon. ...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Tap and flap consonants-Types of taps and flaps-In Galician, Portuguese and Sardinian, a flap often appears instead of a former /l/. This is part of a wider phenomenon called rhotacism. Retroflex flaps Most Indic and Dravidian languages have retroflex flaps. In Hindi there are three, a simple retroflex flap as in [bɐɽɑ...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Tap and flap consonants-Types of taps and flaps-Lateral taps and flaps Many of the languages of Africa, Asia, and the Pacific that do not distinguish [r] from l may have a lateral flap. However, it is also possible that many of these languages do not have a lateral–central contrast at all, so that even a consistently n...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Tap and flap consonants-Types of taps and flaps-A velar lateral tap may exist as an allophone in a few languages of New Guinea, according to Peter Ladefoged and Ian Maddieson. Non-coronal flaps The only common non-coronal flap is the labiodental flap, found throughout central Africa in languages such as Margi. In 2005,...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Tap and flap consonants-Types of taps and flaps-Other taps or flaps are much less common. They include an epiglottal tap; a bilabial flap in Banda, which may be an allophone of the labiodental flap; and a velar lateral tap as an allophone in Kanite and Melpa. These are often transcribed with the breve diacritic, as [w̆...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Tap and flap consonants-Types of taps and flaps-If other flaps are found, the breve diacritic could be used to represent them, but would more properly be combined with the symbol for the corresponding voiced stop. A palatal or uvular tap or flap, which unlike a velar tap is believed to be articulatorily possible, could...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Tap and flap consonants-Types of taps and flaps-Nasal taps and flaps Nasalized consonants include taps and flaps, although these are rarely phonemic. Many West African languages have a nasal flap [ɾ̃] (or [n̆]) as an allophone of /ɾ/ before a nasal vowel; Pashto, however, has a phonemic nasal retroflex lateral flap. Ta...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Tibial tuberosity advancement-Tibial tuberosity advancement-Tibial Tuberosity Advancement (TTA) is an orthopedic procedure to repair deficient cranial cruciate ligaments in dogs. It has also been used in cats. This procedure was developed by Dr. Slobodan Tepic and Professor Pierre Montavon at the School of Veterinary M...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Tibial tuberosity advancement-Tibial tuberosity advancement-Trauma to the equivalent ligament in humans is common, and damage most frequently occurs during some form of sporting activity (including football, rugby and golf). The nature of the injury is very different in dogs. Rather than the ligament suddenly breaking ...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Tibial tuberosity advancement-Tibial tuberosity advancement-In the vast majority of dogs, the cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) ruptures as a result of long-term degeneration, whereby the fibres within the ligament weaken over time. The precise cause of this is not known, but genetic factors are probably most important,...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Tibial tuberosity advancement-Tibial tuberosity advancement-TTA appears to be a less invasive procedure than some other techniques for stabilizing the deficient cranial cruciate ligament such as TPLO (Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy) and TWO (Tibial Wedge Osteotomy), as TTA does not disrupt the primary loading axis o...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Tibial tuberosity advancement-Tibial tuberosity advancement-Recently, TR BioSurgical has developed a bioscaffold to be used for veterinary osteotomies as a substitute for autologous cancellous bone grafting.In 2012 TTA RAPID was introduced by the German manufacturer RITA LEIBINGER Medical GmbH & Co. KG in cooperation w...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Tibial tuberosity advancement-Tibial tuberosity advancement-The surgery is based on the Maquet-Hole-Technique.
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Tibial tuberosity advancement-Alternative procedures-Tibial-plateau-leveling osteotomy Tightrope CCL Triple tibial osteotomy Simitri Stable in Stride Cranial tibial wedge osteotomy
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Multimedia studies-Multimedia studies-Multimedia studies is an interdisciplinary field of academic discourse focused on the understanding of technologies and cultural dimensions of linking traditional media sources with ones based on new media to support social systems.
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Multimedia studies-History-Multimedia studies as a discipline came out of the need for media studies to be made relevant to the new world of CD-ROMs and hypertext in the 1990s. Revolutionary books like Jakob Nielsen's Hypertext and Hypermedia lay the foundations for understanding multimedia alongside traditional cognit...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Multimedia studies-History-Media studies 2.0 Some academics, such as David Gauntlett, have preferred the neologism, "Media Studies 2.0" to multimedia studies, in order to give it the feel of other fields like Web 2.0 and Classroom 2.0. The media studies 2.0 neologism has received strong criticism. Andy Medhurst at Sus...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Multimedia studies-Issues and concepts-Media ecology and information ecology Cybercultures and new media Online communities and virtual communities Internet trolling and Internet addiction Captology
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Multimedia studies-Universities offering degrees in multimedia studies-University of the Philippines Open University CIIT College of Arts and Technology iAcademy Arizona State University (BS multimedia writing & technical communication) Aston University (BSc multimedia computing) Birmingham City University (BSc multime...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Haemolacria-Haemolacria-Haemolacria or hemolacria is a physical condition that causes a person to produce tears that are partially composed of blood.
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Haemolacria-Description-Haemolacria can manifest as tears ranging from merely red-tinged to appearing to be entirely made of blood, and may also be indicative of a tumor in the lacrimal apparatus. It is most often provoked by local factors such as bacterial conjunctivitis, environmental damage or injuries.Acute haemola...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Haemolacria-Cases-Twinkle Dwivedi From Lucknow, India, Dwivedi presented a rare condition that appeared to cause her to spontaneously bleed from her eyes and other parts of her body without presenting any visible wounds. Dwivedi was the subject of numerous medical research studies and TV shows including Body Shock and ...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Haemolacria-Cases-In the absence of a medical explanation for her condition, some religious explanations have been posed. It was suggested that she could have had an unknown disease, but more skeptical views hypothesized that the case might be explained by Münchausen syndrome by proxy, where her mother, seemingly the o...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Haemolacria-In popular culture-French author Marquis De Sade claimed to have "wept tears of blood" after he thought his novel The 120 Days of Sodom was thought to be lost in July 1789. However, the work was later recovered. It is unclear if De Sade actually suffered haemolacria, or if he was just using it as a figure o...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Code (set theory)-Code (set theory)-In set theory, a code for a hereditarily countable set x∈Hℵ1 is a set E⊂ω×ω such that there is an isomorphism between (ω,E) and (X, ∈ ) where X is the transitive closure of {x}. If X is finite (with cardinality n), then use n×n instead of ω×ω and (n,E) instead of (ω,E).
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Code (set theory)-Code (set theory)-According to the axiom of extensionality, the identity of a set is determined by its elements. And since those elements are also sets, their identities are determined by their elements, etc.. So if one knows the element relation restricted to X, then one knows what x is. (We use the ...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Code (set theory)-Code (set theory)-So codes are a way of mapping Hℵ1 into the powerset of ω×ω. Using a pairing function on ω (such as (n,k) goes to (n2+2·n·k+k2+n+3·k)/2), we can map the powerset of ω×ω into the powerset of ω. And we can map the powerset of ω into the Cantor set, a subset of the real numbers. So stat...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Code (set theory)-Code (set theory)-Codes are useful in constructing mice.
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
S11 (classification)-S11 (classification)-S11, SB11, SM11 are disability swimming classifications for blind swimmers.
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
S11 (classification)-Sport-This classification is for swimming. In the classification title, S represents Freestyle, Backstroke and Butterfly strokes. SB means breaststroke. SM means individual medley. Jane Buckley, writing for the Sporting Wheelies, describes the swimmers in this classification as having: "unable to s...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
S11 (classification)-Getting classified-Internationally, the classification is done by the International Blind Sports Association. In Australia, to be classified in this category, athletes contact the Australian Paralympic Committee or their state swimming governing body. In the United States, classification is handled...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
S11 (classification)-At the Paralympic Games-For the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio, the International Paralympic Committee had a zero classification at the Games policy. This policy was put into place in 2014, with the goal of avoiding last minute changes in classes that would negatively impact athlete training prepar...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
S11 (classification)-Competitions-For this classification, organisers of the Paralympic Games have the option of including the following events on the Paralympic programme: 50m, 100m and 400m Freestyle, 100m Backstroke, 100m Breaststroke, 100m Butterfly, 200m Individual Medley, and 4 × 100 m Freestyle Relay and 4 × 100...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
S11 (classification)-Records-As of February 2013, in the S11 50 m Freestyle Long Course, the men's world record is held by Yang Bozan and the women's world record is held by Cecilia Camellini. In the S11 400 m Freestyle Long Course, the men's world record is held by the American John Morgan and the women's world record...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
S11 (classification)-Competitors-Swimmers who have competed in this classification include Alexander Chekurov, Enhamed Enhamed and Junichi Kawai who all won medals in their class at the 2008 Paralympics.American swimmers who have been classified by the United States Paralympic Committee as being in this class include K...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Cervicitis-Cervicitis-Cervicitis is inflammation of the uterine cervix. Cervicitis in women has many features in common with urethritis in men and many cases are caused by sexually transmitted infections. Non-infectious causes of cervicitis can include intrauterine devices, contraceptive diaphragms, and allergic reacti...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Cervicitis-Symptoms and signs-Cervicitis may have no symptoms. If symptoms do manifest, they may include: Abnormal vaginal bleeding after intercourse between periods Unusual gray, white, or yellow vaginal discharge Painful sexual intercourse Pain in the vagina Pressure or heaviness in the pelvis Frequent, painful urina...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Cervicitis-Causes-Cervicitis can be caused by any of a number of infections, of which the most common are chlamydia and gonorrhea, with chlamydia accounting for approximately 40% of cases. Other causes include Trichomonas vaginalis, herpes simplex virus, and Mycoplasma genitalium.While sexually transmitted infections (...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Cervicitis-Diagnosis-To diagnose cervicitis, a clinician will perform a pelvic exam. This exam includes a speculum exam with visual inspection of the cervix for abnormal discharge, which is usually purulent or bleeding from the cervix with little provocation. Swabs can be used to collect a sample of this discharge for ...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Cervicitis-Prevention-The risk of contracting cervicitis from STIs can be reduced by using condoms during every sexual encounter. Condoms are effective against the spread of STIs like chlamydia and gonorrhea that cause cervicitis. Also, being in a long-term monogamous relationship with an uninfected partner can lower t...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Cervicitis-Treatment-Non-infectious causes of cervicitis are primarily treated by eliminating or limiting exposure to the irritant. Antibiotics, usually azithromycin or doxycycline, or antiviral medications are used to treat infectious causes. Women at increased risk of sexually transmitted infections (i.e., less than ...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
GABBR2-GABBR2-Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) B receptor, 2 (GABAB2) is a G-protein coupled receptor subunit encoded by the GABBR2 gene in humans.
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
GABBR2-Function-B-type receptors for the neurotransmitter GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) inhibit neuronal activity through G protein-coupled second-messenger systems, which regulate the release of neurotransmitters and the activity of ion channels and adenylyl cyclase. See GABBR1 (MIM 603540) for additional background ...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
GABBR2-Interactions-GABBR2 has been shown to interact with GABBR1.
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Momentum transfer-Momentum transfer-In particle physics, wave mechanics and optics, momentum transfer is the amount of momentum that one particle gives to another particle. It is also called the scattering vector as it describes the transfer of wavevector in wave mechanics. In the simplest example of scattering of two ...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Momentum transfer-Wave mechanics and optics-A wave has a momentum p=ℏk and is a vectorial quantity. The difference of the momentum of the scattered wave to the incident wave is called momentum transfer. The wave number k is the absolute of the wave vector k=p/ℏ and is related to the wavelength k=2π/λ . Momentum tran...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Momentum transfer-Wave mechanics and optics-The presentation in reciprocal space is generic and does not depend on the type of radiation and wavelength used but only on the sample system, which allows to compare results obtained from many different methods. Some established communities such as powder diffraction employ...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Gallocyanin stain-Gallocyanin stain-The gallocyanin stain, also known as the gallocyanin-chromalum stain, is a stain of the oxazine group for total nucleic acids. It is prepared from gallocyanin and is an ideal method for numerous slides that need to be stained serially, equivalently, and reproducible.Structures contai...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Gallocyanin stain-History-It has been known since the early work of Einarson (1932) that the gallocyanin dye worked well for nucleotide constituents. Gersch and colleagues at Chicago are often credited with the earliest efforts of using gallocyanin for staining. Sandritter demonstrated that a stoichiometric relationshi...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Gallocyanin stain-Function-Its method of binding and specificity are still not completely known. However, it is thought that gallocyanin-Cr(H2O)4 selectively binds to nucleic acid phosphate groups, particularly within a pH range of 1.5-1.75.
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Dermal equivalent-Dermal equivalent-The dermal equivalent, also known as dermal replacement or neodermis, is an in vitro model of the dermal layer of skin. There is no specific way of forming a dermal equivalent, however the first dermal equivalent was constructed by seeding dermal fibroblasts into a collagen gel. This...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Dermal equivalent-Purpose-Autotransplantation has been common practice for treating individuals who have a need for skin transplants. However, there is the issue of needing repeated grafts or transplants for patients with serious injuries such as burn victims, leading to numerous problems including lack of supply of th...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Dermal equivalent-Purpose-Now, the use of dermal equivalents has expanded from burn wounds to other areas such as various reconstructive surgeries and treatment of chronic wounds. Risks There are potential risks when it comes to the application of any dermal equivalent, as there is with any skin grafting or skin substi...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Dermal equivalent-History-The development of artificial skin and dermis began in the 20th century. It was prompted by the discovery of the ability to isolate and culture cells in vitro, which was in 1907 by American embryologist Ross Granville Harrison when he was able to isolate and grow embryonic tissues from frogs i...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Dermal equivalent-Commercial products and applications-There are a variety of dermal equivalents from how they are developed and what they are used for. The following three are some of the most commonly reviewed and assessed dermal equivalents.
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Dermal equivalent-Commercial products and applications-Integra The initial research of dermal equivalent leading to the Integra product resulted in a bilayer structure consisting of a dermal portion and epidermal portion. The dermal portion is composed of bovine hide collagen and chondroitin 6-sulfate that is crosslink...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Dermal equivalent-Commercial products and applications-Integra Dermal Regeneration Template Formerly known as Integra artificial skin, Integra Dermal Regeneration Template, or IDRT, was the first FDA approved product for dermal replacements. The Integra Dermal Regeneration Template’s bilayer structure is composed of bo...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Dermal equivalent-Commercial products and applications-AlloDerm AlloDerm is the first type of acellular dermal matrix (ADM) derived from the skin of cadavers from the collagen fiber network after the removal of the epidermal layer of the cadaveric skin. It is widely used in dental surgeries for gingival grafting, abdom...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Dermal equivalent-Commercial products and applications-Dermagraft Dermagraft is a human fibroblast–derived dermal replacement. It is derived from neonatal dermal fibroblasts implanted into a bioabsorbable polyglactin mesh scaffold along with extracellular matrix proteins that are secreted by the fibroblasts. It can pro...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Antimony oxychloride-Antimony oxychloride-Antimony oxychloride, known since the 15th century, has been known by a plethora of alchemical names. Since the compound functions as both an emetic and a laxative, it was originally used as a purgative.
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Antimony oxychloride-History-Its production was first described by Basil Valentine in Currus Triumphalis Antimonii. In 1659, Johann Rudolf Glauber gave a relatively exact chemical interpretation of the reaction. Vittorio Algarotti introduced the substance into medicine, and derivatives of his name (algarot, algoroth) w...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Antimony oxychloride-Natural occurrence-Neither SbOCl nor the latter compound occur naturally. However, onoratoite is a known Sb-O-Cl mineral, its composition being Sb8Cl2O11.
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Antimony oxychloride-Alternative historical names-mercurius vitæ ("mercury of life") powder of algaroth algarel Pulvis angelicus.
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Antimony oxychloride-Synthesis-Dissolving antimony trichloride in water yields antimony oxychloride: SbCl3 + H2O → SbOCl + 2 HCl
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Rob Galbraith-Rob Galbraith-Rob Galbraith is a photographer and photojournalism teacher who became well-known as a photography writer with his Digital Photography Insights (DPI) website, known for its memory card benchmarks and its analysis of the Canon 1D autofocus system.In 2012 Rob Galbraith announced that he would ...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Debian-Installer-Debian-Installer-Debian-Installer is a system installer designed for the Debian Linux distribution. It originally appeared in the Debian release 3.1 (Sarge), released on June 6, 2005, although the first release of a Linux distribution that used it was Skolelinux (Debian-Edu) 1.0, released in June 2004....
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Debian-Installer-Debian-Installer-It makes use of cdebconf (a re-implementation of debconf in C) to perform configuration at install time. Originally, it was only supported under text-mode and ncurses. A graphical front-end (using GTK-DirectFB) was first introduced in Debian 4.0 (Etch). Since Debian 6.0 (Squeeze), it i...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Debian-Installer-debootstrap-debootstrap is software which allows installation of a Debian base system into a subdirectory of another, already installed operating system. It needs access to a Debian repository and doesn't require an installation CD. It can also be installed and run from another operating system or to c...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Debian-Installer-Features-Set language Select location Configure keyboard Configure network Setup users and passwords Configure clock Partition disk Create partition Format device LVM/Cryptsetup Install system base Configure package manager Configure mirrorlist Configure bootloader
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
FAIRE-Seq-FAIRE-Seq-FAIRE-Seq (Formaldehyde-Assisted Isolation of Regulatory Elements) is a method in molecular biology used for determining the sequences of DNA regions in the genome associated with regulatory activity. The technique was developed in the laboratory of Jason D. Lieb at the University of North Carolina,...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
FAIRE-Seq-Workflow-The protocol is based on the fact that the formaldehyde cross-linking is more efficient in nucleosome-bound DNA than it is in nucleosome-depleted regions of the genome. This method then segregates the non cross-linked DNA that is usually found in open chromatin, which is then sequenced. The protocol ...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
FAIRE-Seq-Workflow-FAIRE FAIRE uses the biochemical properties of protein-bound DNA to separate nucleosome-depleted regions in the genome. Cells will be subjected to cross-linking, ensuring that the interaction between the nucleosomes and DNA are fixed. After sonication, the fragmented and fixed DNA is separated using ...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
FAIRE-Seq-Workflow-Sequencing FAIRE-extracted DNA fragments can be analyzed in a high-throughput way using next-generation sequencing techniques. In general, libraries are made by ligating specific adapters to the DNA fragments that allow them to cluster on a platform and be amplified resulting in the DNA sequences bei...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
FAIRE-Seq-Sensitivity-There are several aspects of FAIRE-seq that require attention when analysing and interpreting the data. For one, it has been stated that FAIRE-seq will have a higher coverage at enhancer regions over promoter regions. This is in contrast to the alternative method of DNase-seq who is known to show ...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
FAIRE-Seq-Computational analysis-In a first step FAIRE-seq data are mapped to the reference genome of the model organism used.
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
FAIRE-Seq-Computational analysis-Next, the identification of genomic regions with open chromatin, is done by using a peak calling algorithm. Different tools offer packages to do this (e.g. ChIPOTle ZINBA and MACS2). ChIPOTle uses a sliding window of 300bp to identify statistically significant signals. In contrast, MACS...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
FAIRE-Seq-Computational analysis-BedTools is used to merge the enriched regions residing close to each other to form COREs (Cluster of open regulatory elements). This helps in the identification of chromatin accessible regions and gene regulation patterns which would have been undetectable otherwise, considering the lo...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
FAIRE-Seq-Alternative methods-There are several methods that can be used as an alternative to FAIRE-seq. DNase-seq uses the ability of the DNase I enzyme to cleave free/open/accessible DNA to identify and sequence open chromatin. The subsequently developed ATAC-seq employs the Tn5 transposase, which inserts specified f...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Gifted Education Programme (Singapore)-Gifted Education Programme (Singapore)-The Gifted Education Programme (GEP) is an academic programme in Singapore, initially designed to identify the top 0.25% (later expanded to 0.5%, then 1%) of students from each academic year with outstanding intelligence. The tests are based ...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Gifted Education Programme (Singapore)-History-The Gifted Education Programme was first implemented in Singapore in 1984 amid some public concern. It was initiated by the Ministry of Education (MOE) in line with its policy under the New Education System to allow each student to learn at his/her own pace. The MOE has a ...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Gifted Education Programme (Singapore)-Primary Schools offering GEP-As of 2020, nine primary schools offer GEP.
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Gifted Education Programme (Singapore)-Primary Schools offering GEP-Anglo-Chinese School (Primary) Catholic High School (Primary) Henry Park Primary School Nan Hua Primary School Nanyang Primary School Raffles Girls' Primary School Rosyth School Saint Hilda's Primary School Tao Nan School Impact of the Integrated Progr...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Gifted Education Programme (Singapore)-Primary Schools offering GEP-Secondary Schools that are offering GEP, or SBGE The Gifted Education Programme came to a close in secondary schools in 2008 and was replaced by the School-Based Gifted Education (SBGE) programme. All of the secondary schools that offer the SBGE are IP...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Gifted Education Programme (Singapore)-Primary Schools offering GEP-Anglo-Chinese School (Independent) Dunman High School Hwa Chong Institution Nanyang Girls' High School NUS High School of Mathematics and Science Raffles Girls School (Secondary) Raffles InstitutionBeginning in 2006, the MOE started to phase out the se...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Gifted Education Programme (Singapore)-Selection Process-At Primary Three (P3), all students, except those who opt-out, will take the first round of admission tests, the Screening Test. About 10% of students identified based on the Screening Test results will be invited to participate in the second round, the Selection...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Gifted Education Programme (Singapore)-Selection Process-English and Mathematics papers are included as part of the Screening Test, while another two papers, General Ability I and General Ability II, are included in the Selection Test.
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM