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Gifted Education Programme (Singapore)-Selection Process-Before 2003, there was a third round of testing to allow entry for pupils who missed the chance in P3, after the PSLE. This last round of testing was offered to students who achieved 3 or more A*s for the PSLE. Students who enrolled at this stage were referred to... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Gifted Education Programme (Singapore)-Progress in the Programme-The pupils will have to study in this programme from Primary 4 to 6, and after that, the pupils can choose to continue studying in the programme only, in the Integrated Programme, or in the mainstream (not the GEP). Students also have a variety of top sec... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Gifted Education Programme (Singapore)-Distinction-Research Project Studies (RPS) starting in Primary 4, is a program to teach skills needed in research. Individualized Study Options (ISO) is a compulsory programme for pupils in Primary 5, wherein pupils do research on a specific topic. The students are asked to choose... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Gifted Education Programme (Singapore)-Distinction-Pupils in GEP learn poetry and literature (A Single Shard in Primary 4, The Giver in Primary 5, and Friedrich in Primary 6) as part of the Concept Unit under the English Language subject.
A Wrinkle in Time was used as the literature book for Primary 5 students until 20... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Gifted Education Programme (Singapore)-Distinction-In Primary 6, a graded Mathematics Alternative Assessment (Math AA) is given. The pupils will have to choose from six or seven projects that GEP branch officers in the Ministry of Education (MOE) create. These projects are individual and include research, a product to ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Gifted Education Programme (Singapore)-Integration with mainstream-In an article in The Straits Times on 3 November 2007, the MOE announced its new scheme to "encourage" greater integration between GEP and mainstream students, to combat elitism and encourage socialisation. GEP students in the nine primary GEP centres w... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
U6atac minor spliceosomal RNA-U6atac minor spliceosomal RNA-U6atac minor spliceosomal RNA is a non-coding RNA which is an essential component of the minor U12-type spliceosome complex. The U12-type spliceosome is required for removal of the rarer class of eukaryotic introns (AT-AC, U12-type).U6atac snRNA is proposed to... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Alpha-Pyrrolidinobutiophenone-Alpha-Pyrrolidinobutiophenone-α-Pyrrolidinobutiophenone (α-PBP) is a stimulant compound developed in the 1960s which has been reported as a novel designer drug. It can be thought of as the homologue lying between the two better known drugs α-PPP and α-PVP. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Alpha-Pyrrolidinobutiophenone-Legality-In the United States, it is a Schedule I controlled substance.Sweden's public health agency suggested to classify α-PBP as hazardous substance on November 10, 2014.As of October 2015 α-PBP is a controlled substance in China. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Ghafara-Ghafara-In Islamic context, Ghafara (غفر) (v. past tense) or maghfira (forgiveness) is one of three ways of forgiveness, as written in the Qur'an and one of Allah's characteristics. It is to forgive, to cover up (sins) and to remit (absolution). | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Chalazion-Chalazion-A chalazion (; plural chalazia or chalazions) or meibomian cyst is a cyst in the eyelid usually due to a blocked meibomian gland, typically in the middle of the eyelid, red, and not painful. They tend to come on gradually over a few weeks.A chalazion may occur following a stye or from hardened oils ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Chalazion-Signs and symptoms-Painless swelling on the eyelid Eyelid tenderness typically none-to-mild Increased tearing Heaviness of the eyelid Redness of conjunctiva Complications A large chalazion can cause astigmatism due to pressure on the cornea.As laser eye surgery involves shaping the cornea by burning parts of ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Chalazion-Diagnosis-A chalazion or meibomian cyst can sometimes be mistaken for a stye.
Differential diagnosis Sebaceous gland adenoma Sebaceous gland carcinoma Sarcoid granuloma Foreign body granuloma | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Chalazion-Treatment-General treatment Chalazia will often disappear without further treatment within a few months, and virtually all will resorb within two years.Healing can be facilitated by applying a moist warm compress to the affected eye for approximately 10–15 minutes, 4 times per day. This promotes opening, drai... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Chalazion-Treatment-Larger ones can be surgically removed using local anesthesia. This is usually done from underneath the eyelid to avoid a scar on the skin. If the chalazion is located directly under the eyelid's outer tissue, however, an excision from above may be more advisable so as not to inflict any unnecessary ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Chalazion-Treatment-Chalazia may recur, and they will usually be biopsied to rule out the possibility of a tumour.
Antibiotic/corticosteroid eyedrops or ointment A limited course of topical antibiotic/corticosteroid combination eyedrops or ointment such as tobramycin/dexamethasone may be effective in treating a chalazi... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Chalazion-Treatment-Surgery Chalazion surgery is a simple procedure that is generally performed as a day operation, and the person does not need to remain in the hospital for further medical care. The eyelid is injected with a local anesthetic, a clamp is put on the eyelid, then the eyelid is turned over, an incision i... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Chalazion-Treatment-The chalazion can be removed in two ways, depending on the size of cyst. Relatively small chalazia are removed through a small cut at the back of the eyelid. The surgeon lifts the eyelid to access the back of its surface and makes an incision of approximately 3mm just on top of the chalazion. The lu... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Chalazion-Treatment-Larger chalazia are removed through an incision in front of the eyelid. Larger chalazia usually push on the skin of the eyelid, and this is the main reason why doctors prefer removing them this way. The incision is not usually larger than 3mm and it is made on top of the chalazion. The lump is remov... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Chalazion-Treatment-The recovery process is easy and quite fast. Most people with chalazion experience some very minor discomfort in the eye, which can be easily controlled by taking painkilling medication. People are, however, recommended to avoid getting water in the eye for up to 10 days after surgery. They may wash... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Chalazion-Treatment-Steroid injection Because the inflammatory cells of chalazia are sensitive to steroids, intralesional or subcutaneous injection of soluble steroids, commonly 0.1 to 0.2 ml of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) into the lesion's center one or two times, is one option. The success rate is in the 77% to 93% ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Chalazion-Treatment-Carbon dioxide laser Chalazion excision using a CO2 laser is also a safer procedure, with minimal bleeding and no eye patching required. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
SoundStorm-SoundStorm-SoundStorm is a brand by Nvidia regarding to a SIP block integrating 5.1 surround sound technology found on the die of their nForce and nForce2 chipsets for x86 CPUs. It is also the name of a certification to be obtained by Nvidia when complying with their specifications. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
SoundStorm-Certification-The SoundStorm certification ensured that many manufacturers produced solutions with high quality sound output. To achieve SoundStorm certification, a motherboard had to use the nForce or nForce2 chipsets and also include the specified discrete outputs. It was also necessary to meet certain sou... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
SoundStorm-Hardware-The SoundStorm SIP block is said to consist of a series of fixed-function and general-purpose processing units providing a combined total of reportedly 4 billion operations per second. A fully programmable, Motorola 56300-based digital signal processor (DSP) is provided for effects processing but wi... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
SoundStorm-Hardware-The DSP on the APU was normally driven by code largely derived from the 3D audio middleware company Sensaura. The Sensaura middleware was also used by the Windows drivers of nearly every sound card and audio codec other than those by Creative. Unlike the usual software implementations of the Sensaur... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
SoundStorm-Drivers-Since the SoundStorm solution was a general-purpose DSP where code was uploaded to the card by the device drivers at boot time, this made it easy to add new functionality to SoundStorm. However, it also meant that it was not possible to create third-party device drivers for the SoundStorm, since they... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
SoundStorm-History-Video game consoles Reportedly SoundStorm development was originally funded by Microsoft for use in the Xbox gaming console. At time of writing reportedly a second generation chip has been developed, this time with funding from Sony, as part of the PlayStation 3 project. It was hinted that SoundStorm... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
SoundStorm-History-Discontinuation Nvidia decided the cost of including the SoundStorm SIP block on the dies of their chipsets was too high and was not included in nForce3 and beyond. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
SoundStorm-Alternatives-Other manufacturers have since produced standalone sound cards based on C-Media chips such as the CMI8788 which also provide Dolby Digital and DTS encoding features. These manufacturers include Turtle Beach and Auzentech. A software alternative is redocneXk, which provides real-time AC3 encoding... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
SoundStorm-Alternatives-In October 2013 AMD presented products with AMD TrueAudio. A block of DSPs to be used to offload calculations for 3D sound. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Leftovers-Leftovers-Leftovers are surplus foods remaining unconsumed at the end of a meal, which may be put in containers with the intention of eating later. Inedible remains like bones are considered waste, not leftovers. Depending on the situation, the amount of food, and the type of food, leftovers may be saved or t... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Leftovers-Leftovers-The use of leftovers depends on where the meal was eaten, the preferences of the diner, and the local culture. Leftovers from meals at home are often eaten later. This is facilitated by the private environment and convenience of airtight containers and refrigeration. People may eat leftovers directl... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Leftovers-Leftovers-At restaurants, uneaten food from meals is sometimes taken by diners for later consumption. In the United States, such food is put in a so-called "doggy bag", notionally to feed to pets, whether or not it is in actuality. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Leftovers-Leftover cuisine-New dishes made from leftovers are common in world cuisine. People invented many such dishes before refrigeration and reliable airtight containers existed. Besides capturing nutrition from otherwise inedible bones, stocks and broths provide a base for leftover scraps too small to be a meal th... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Leftovers-Leftover portions-Leftovers have had a major impact on the consumption of food, particularly the size of portions. Portion sizes have increased greatly. In general, food leftovers have both positive and negative impacts, depending on the person's eating habits involved with leftovers. With an increase in port... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Leftovers-Chop suey-The name of the Chinese-American dish chop suey is sometimes translated as "miscellaneous leftovers", although it is unlikely that actual leftovers were served at chop suey restaurants. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Leftovers-Doggy bag-Diners in a restaurant may leave uneaten food for the restaurant to discard, or take it away for later consumption. To take the food away, the diner might request a container, or ask a server to package it. Such a container is colloquially called a doggy bag or doggie bag. This most likely derives f... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Third-wave coffee-Third-wave coffee-Third-wave coffee is a movement in coffee marketing emphasizing high quality. Beans are typically sourced from individual farms and are roasted more lightly to bring out their distinctive flavors. Though the term was coined in 1999, the approach originates in the 1970s, with roasters... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Third-wave coffee-History-The term "third-wave coffee" is generally attributed to the coffee professional Trish Rothgeb, who used the term in a 2003 article, alluding to the three waves of feminism. However, the specialty coffee broker and author, Timothy J. Castle, had already used the term in an article (Coffee's Thi... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Third-wave coffee-History-United States In the first wave of coffee, coffee consumers generally did not differentiate by origin or beverage type. Instant coffee, grocery store canned coffee, and diner coffee were all hallmarks of first wave coffee. First wave coffee focuses on low price and consistent taste. Many resta... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Third-wave coffee-History-The second wave of coffee is generally credited to Peet's Coffee & Tea of Berkeley, California, which in the late 1960s began artisanal sourcing, roasting, and blending with a focus on highlighting countries of origin and their signature dark roast profile. Peet's Coffee inspired the founders ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Third-wave coffee-History-Third-wave coffee is often associated with the concept of 'specialty coffee,' referring either to specialty grades of green (raw and unroasted) coffee beans (distinct from commercial grade coffee), or specialty coffee beverages of high quality and craft. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Third-wave coffee-History-United Kingdom In the late twentieth century, instant coffee dominated the UK market. Inspired by the example of Starbucks, Seattle Coffee Company opened in London in 1995, opening over 50 stores before being taken over by Starbucks in 1998. Flat White, an early third-wave café, opened in 2005... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Third-wave coffee-Use of the term-The third-wave of coffee has been chronicled by publications such as The New York Times, LA Weekly, Los Angeles Times, La Opinión and The Guardian.In March 2008, the food critic Jonathan Gold of LA Weekly defined the third wave of coffee: The first wave of American coffee culture was p... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Third-wave coffee-Use of the term-The earlier term "specialty coffee" was coined in 1974, and refers narrowly to high-quality beans scoring 80 points or more on a 100-point scale. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Third-wave coffee-Australia-The third wave of coffee has been popular in Australia. Melbourne is known as the "capital of coffee" with its many cafes. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Third-wave coffee-Current status-Across the US and Canada, there are many third-wave roasters, and some stand-alone coffee shops or small chains that roast their own coffee. There are a few larger businesses, more prominent in roasting than in operating – the "Big Three of Third Wave Coffee" are Intelligentsia Coffee &... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pocket mask-Pocket mask-A pocket mask, or pocket face mask or CPR mask, is a device used to safely deliver rescue breaths during a cardiac arrest or respiratory arrest. The specific term "Pocket Mask" is the trademarked name for the product manufactured by Laerdal Medical AS. It is not to be confused with a bag valve m... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pocket mask-Purpose-A pocket mask is a small portable device used in the pre-hospital setting to provide adequate ventilation to a patient who is either in respiratory failure or cardiac arrest. The pocket mask is designed to be placed over the face of the patient, thus creating a seal enclosing both the mouth and nose... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pocket mask-Purpose-Modern pocket masks have either a built in one-way valve or an attachable, disposable filter to protect the emergency responder from the patient's potentially infectious bodily substances, such as vomit or blood.Many masks also have a built-in oxygen intake tube, allowing for administration of 50-60... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pocket mask-Usage-While a pocket mask is not as efficient as a bag valve mask, it does have its advantages when only one rescuer is available. As suggested by its name, the pocket mask benefits from a somewhat easier portability when compared to the bag valve mask. Also, in contrast to the bag valve mask, which require... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Cooperative coevolution-Cooperative coevolution-Cooperative Coevolution (CC) in the field of biological evolution is an evolutionary computation method. It divides a large problem into subcomponents, and solves them independently in order to solve the large problem.The subcomponents are also called species. The subcomp... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Cooperative coevolution-Cooperative coevolution-It has also be further extended into another method, called Constructive cooperative coevolution. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Cooperative coevolution-Pseudocode-i := 0 for each subproblem S do Initialise a subpopulation Pop0(S) calculate fitness of each member in Pop0(S) while termination criteria not satisfied do i := i + 1 for each subproblem S do select Popi(S) from Popi-1(S) apply genetic operators to Popi(S) calculate fitness of each mem... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
CD ripper-CD ripper-A CD ripper, CD grabber, or CD extractor is software that rips raw digital audio in Compact Disc Digital Audio (CD-DA) format tracks on a compact disc to standard computer sound files, such as WAV or MP3.
A more formal term used for the process of ripping audio CDs is digital audio extraction (DAE). | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
CD ripper-History-In the early days of computer CD-ROM drives and audio compression mechanisms (such as MP2), CD ripping was considered undesirable by copyright holders, with some attempting to retrofit copy protection into the simple ISO9660 standard. As time progressed, most music publishers became more open to the i... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
CD ripper-Etymology-The Jargon File entry for rip notes that the term originated in Amiga slang, where it referred to the extraction of multimedia content from program data. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
CD ripper-Design-As an intermediate step, some ripping programs save the extracted audio in a lossless format such as WAV, FLAC, or even raw PCM audio. The extracted audio can then be encoded with a lossy codec like MP3, Vorbis, WMA or AAC. The encoded files are more compact and are suitable for playback on digital aud... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
CD ripper-Design-Most ripping programs will assist in tagging the encoded files with metadata. The MP3 file format, for example, allows tags with title, artist, album and track number information. Some will try to identify the disc being ripped by looking up network services like AMG's LASSO, FreeDB, Gracenote's CDDB, ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
CD ripper-Design-Some all-in-one ripping programs can simplify the entire process by ripping and burning the audio to disc in one step, possibly re-encoding the audio on-the-fly in the process.
Some CD ripping software is specifically intended to provide an especially accurate or "secure" rip, including Exact Audio Cop... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
CD ripper-Compact disc seek jitter-In the context of digital audio extraction from compact discs, seek jitter causes extracted audio samples to be doubled-up or skipped entirely if the Compact Disc drive re-seeks. The problem occurs because the Red Book does not require block-accurate addressing during seeking. As a re... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
CD ripper-Optical drive properties-Properties of an optical drive helping in achieving a perfect rip are a small sample offset (at best zero), no jitter, no or deactivateable caching, and a correct implementation and feed-back of the C1 and C2 error states. There are databases listing these features for multiple brands... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
CD ripper-Examples-Notable CD ripper applications include the following ones: BSD and Linux Mac OS X Windows | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Reaction step-Reaction step-A reaction step of a chemical reaction is defined as: "An elementary reaction, constituting one of the stages of a stepwise reaction in which a reaction intermediate (or, for the first step, the reactants) is converted into the next reaction intermediate (or, for the last step, the products)... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
IBIS Interconnect Modeling Specification-IBIS Interconnect Modeling Specification-The IBIS Interconnect Modeling Specification (ICM) in electronic circuit simulation is a behavioral, ASCII-based file format. The ICM is used for distributing passive interconnect modeling information. The format and style of ICM are high... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
IBIS Interconnect Modeling Specification-IBIS Interconnect Modeling Specification-Interconnects under ICM may be represented through tabular frequency-dependent RLGC matrices or through S-parameters in separate Touchstone files. ICM models define interconnects as consisting of one or more segments. Segment topologies a... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Temporal Process Language-Temporal Process Language-In theoretical computer science, Temporal Process Language (TPL) is a process calculus which extends Robin Milner's CCS with the notion of multi-party synchronization, which allows multiple process to synchronize on a global 'clock'. This clock measures time, though n... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Temporal Process Language-Informal definition-TPL is a conservative extension of CCS, with the addition of a special action called σ representing the passage of time by a process - the ticking of an abstract clock. As in CCS, TPL features action prefix and it can be described as being patient, that is to say a process ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Temporal Process Language-Informal definition-⌊E⌋(F)→σF provided process E does not prevent the clock from ticking.
⌊E⌋(F)→σE′ provided E can perform action a to become E'.
In TPL, there are two ways to prevent the clock from ticking. First is via the presence of the ω operator, for example in process a.P+Ω the clock ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Temporal Process Language-Formal definition-Syntax Let a be a non-silent action name, α be any action name (including τ, the silent action) and X be a process label used for recursion.
::= α.Proc|⌊Proc⌋(Proc)|Proc+Proc|Proc|Proc|recX.Proc|X|Ω|Proc∖a|0 | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Isopullulanase-Isopullulanase-The enzyme isopullulanase (EC 3.2.1.57) has systematic name pullulan 4-glucanohydrolase (isopanose-forming), and catalyses the hydrolysis of pullulan to isopanose (6-α-maltosylglucose). It has no activity on starch. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wine Grapes-Wine Grapes-Wine Grapes - A complete guide to 1,368 vine varieties, including their origins and flavours is a reference book about varieties of wine grapes. The book covers all grape varieties that were known to produce commercial quantities of wine at the time of writing, which meant 1,368 of the known 10,... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wine Grapes-Description-Wine Grapes is not an update of Robinson's earlier book Vines, Grapes & Wines, first published in 1986. Wine Grapes is a brand new and original work that is much more extensive in coverage, and also incorporates recent findings from ampelographic research, including DNA profiling of grape variet... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wine Grapes-Description-DNA findings According to Jancis Robinson and José Vouillamoz, Wine Grapes includes details about almost 300 previously unpublished relationship between different grape varieties including the extensive family tree of the Pinot grape that includes a genetic link between the Burgundian wine grape... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wine Grapes-Description-Other findings reported in Wine Grapes include the discovery of several species of Malvasia grapes growing in central and southern Italy are actually the Spanish wine grape Tempranillo and that Cabernet franc may have originated in Basque country of Spain. Additionally the origins of the assumed... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wine Grapes-Colour plates-A number of grape varieties are illustrated by reproductions of colour plates from Ampélographie. Traité général de viticulture written by Pierre Viala and Victor Vermorel and published in 1901–1910. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Personal information manager-Personal information manager-A personal information manager (often referred to as a PIM tool or, more simply, a PIM) is a type of application software that functions as a personal organizer. The acronym PIM is now, more commonly, used in reference to personal information management as a fie... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Personal information manager-Scope-Personal information can include any of the following: Address books Alerts A digital calendar with calendar dates, such as: Anniversaries Appointments Birthdays Events Meetings Education records Email addresses Fax communications Itineraries Instant message archives Legal documents L... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Personal information manager-Synchronization-Some PIM/PDM software products are capable of synchronizing data over a computer network, including mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). This feature typically stores the personal data on cloud drives allowing for continuous concurrent data updates/access, on the user's computer... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Personal information manager-History-Prior to the introduction of the term "Personal digital assistant" ("PDA") by Apple in 1992, handheld personal organizers such as the Psion Organiser and the Sharp Wizard were also referred to as "PIMs".The time management and communications functions of PIMs largely migrated from P... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
The Practice of Programming-The Practice of Programming-The Practice of Programming (ISBN 0-201-61586-X) by Brian W. Kernighan and Rob Pike is a 1999 book about computer programming and software engineering, published by Addison-Wesley.According to the preface, the book is about "topics like testing, debugging, portabi... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
The Practice of Programming-The Practice of Programming-The Practice of Programming has been translated into twelve languages. Eric S. Raymond, in The Art of Unix Programming, calls it "recommended reading for all C programmers (indeed for all programmers in any language)". A 2008 review on LWN.net found that TPOP "has... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
SpeedStep-SpeedStep-Enhanced SpeedStep is a series of dynamic frequency scaling technologies (codenamed Geyserville and including SpeedStep, SpeedStep II, and SpeedStep III) built into some Intel microprocessors that allow the clock speed of the processor to be dynamically changed (to different P-states) by software. T... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
SpeedStep-Explanation-Running a processor at high clock speeds allows for better performance. However, when the same processor is run at a lower frequency (speed), it generates less heat and consumes less power. In many cases, the core voltage can also be reduced, further reducing power consumption and heat generation.... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
SpeedStep-Explanation-The power consumed by a CPU with a capacitance C, running at frequency f and voltage V is approximately: P=CV2f For a given processor, C is a fixed value. However, V and f can vary considerably. For example, for a 1.6 GHz Pentium M, the clock frequency can be stepped down in 200 MHz decrements ove... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
SpeedStep-Explanation-Older processors such as the Pentium 4-M, which use older versions of SpeedStep, have fewer clock-speed increments. SpeedStep technology is partly responsible for the reduced power consumption of Intel's Pentium M processor, part of the Centrino brand. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
SpeedStep-Known issues-Microsoft has reported that there may be problems previewing video files when SpeedStep (or the AMD equivalent PowerNow!) is enabled under Windows 2000 or Windows XP. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
SpeedStep-Operating system support-Solaris has supported SpeedStep since OpenSolaris SXDE 9/07.
Older versions of Microsoft Windows, Windows 2000 and earlier, need a special driver and dashboard application to access the SpeedStep feature. Intel's website specifically states that such drivers must come from the compute... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
SpeedStep-Operating system support-Under Microsoft Windows XP, SpeedStep support is built into the power management console under the control panel. In Windows XP a user can regulate processor speed indirectly by changing power schemes. The "Home/Office Desk" setting disables SpeedStep, the "Portable/Laptop" power sche... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
SpeedStep-Operating system support-The Linux kernel has a subsystem called "cpufreq", tunable by power-scheme and command line, devoted to the control of the operating frequency and voltage of a CPU. Linux runs on Intel, AMD, and other makes of CPU.
Newer version Windows 10 and Linux kernel support Intel Speed Shift Te... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Discrete differential geometry-Discrete differential geometry-Discrete differential geometry is the study of discrete counterparts of notions in differential geometry. Instead of smooth curves and surfaces, there are polygons, meshes, and simplicial complexes. It is used in the study of computer graphics, geometry proc... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nuts and bolts (general relativity)-Nuts and bolts (general relativity)-In physics, in the theory of general relativity, spacetimes with at least a 1-parameter group of isometries can be classified according to the fixed point-sets of the action. Isolated fixed points are called nuts. The other possibility is that the ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Sodium ethoxide-Sodium ethoxide-Sodium ethoxide, also referred to as sodium ethylate, is the ionic, organic compound with the formula C2H5ONa, or NaOEt (Et = ethane). It is a white solid, although impure samples appear yellow or brown. It dissolves in polar solvents such as ethanol. It is commonly used as a strong base... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Sodium ethoxide-Preparation-Few procedures have been reported to prepare the anhydrous solid. Instead the material is typically prepared in a solution with ethanol. It is commercially available and as a solution in ethanol. It is easily prepared in the laboratory by treating sodium metal with absolute ethanol: 2C2H5OH ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Sodium ethoxide-Structure-The crystal structure of sodium ethoxide has been determined by X-ray crystallography. It consists of layers of alternating Na+ and O− centres with disordered ethyl groups covering the top and bottom of each layer. The ethyl layers pack back-to-back resulting in a lamellar structure. The react... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Sodium ethoxide-Reactions-Sodium ethoxide is commonly used as a base in the Claisen condensation and malonic ester synthesis. Sodium ethoxide may either deprotonate the α-position of an ester molecule, forming an enolate, or the ester molecule may undergo a nucleophilic substitution called transesterification. If the s... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Sodium ethoxide-Reactions-Many alkoxides are prepared by salt metathesis from sodium ethoxide. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Sodium ethoxide-Stability-Sodium ethoxide is prone to reaction with both water and carbon dioxide in the air. This leads to degradation of stored samples over time, even in solid form. The physical appearance of degraded samples may not be obvious, but samples of sodium ethoxide gradually turn dark on storage. It has b... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Sodium ethoxide-Stability-In moist air, NaOEt hydrolyses rapidly to sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The conversion is not obvious and typical samples of NaOEt are contaminated with NaOH. In moisture-free air, solid sodium ethoxide can form sodium ethyl carbonate from fixation of carbon dioxide from the air. Further reactions... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
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