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Digital intermediate-History-Digital film compositing for visual effects was immediately embraced, while optical printer use for VFX declined just as quickly. Chris Watts further revolutionized the process on the 1998 feature film Pleasantville, becoming the first visual effects supervisor for New Line Cinema to scan, ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Digital intermediate-Milestones-1990: The Rescuers Down Under – First feature-length film to be entirely recorded to film from digital files; in this case animation assembled on computers using Walt Disney Feature Animation and Pixar's CAPS system.
1992: VFX Supervisor/Producer Chris F. Woods creates a VFX studio to pr... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Digital intermediate-Milestones-1998: Pleasantville – The first time the majority of a new feature film was scanned, processed, and recorded digitally. The black-and-white meets color world portrayed in the movie was filmed entirely in color and selectively desaturated and contrast adjusted digitally. The work was done... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Digital intermediate-Milestones-1999: Pacific Ocean Post Film, a team led by John McCunn and Greg Kimble used Kodak film scanners & laser film printer, Cineon software as well as proprietary tools to rebuild and repair the first two reels of the 1968 Beatles' film Yellow Submarine for re-release. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Digital intermediate-Milestones-1999: Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace - Industrial Light & Magic (ILM) scanned the entirety of the visual effects-laden film for the purposes of digital enhancement and the integration of thousands of separately filmed elements with computer generated characters and environment... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Digital intermediate-Milestones-2000: Sorted - The first feature-length, color 35mm motion picture to fully utilize the digital intermediate process in its entirety from inception to completion. The film was produced at Wave Pictures' digital intermediate film facility in London, England. It was scanned at 2K resolutio... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Digital intermediate-Milestones-2000: O Brother, Where Art Thou? – The first time a digital intermediate was used on the entirety of a first-run Hollywood film which otherwise had very few visual effects. The work was done in Los Angeles by Cinesite utilizing a Spirit DataCine for scanning at 2K resolution, a Pandora I... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Digital intermediate-Milestones-2000: Chicken Run was the first wide-release feature film in Europe to use the Digital Intermediate process, digitally storing and manipulating every frame of the film before recording back to film. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Digital intermediate-Milestones-2001: Honolulu Baby by Maurizio Nichetti, the first live action feature film post produced in Europe to use the digital 2K Digital Intermediate process from a production filmed in Super 35mm, made by Rumblefish and Massimo Germoglio as a DI supervisor and film editor, edited on Avid, fil... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Digital intermediate-Milestones-2004: Spider-Man 2 – The first digital intermediate on a new Hollywood film to be done entirely at 4K resolution. Although scanning, recording, and color-correction was done at 4K by EFILM, most of the visual effects were created at 2K and were upscaled to 4K.
2005: Serenity - The first ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Trimethoprim/sulfadiazine-Trimethoprim/sulfadiazine-Trimethoprim/sulfadiazine (TMP/SDZ) is a combination drug composed of trimethoprim and sulfadiazine used in the treatment of bacterial infections of animals, particularly horses. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Dactylitis-Dactylitis-Dactylitis or sausage digit is inflammation of an entire digit (a finger or toe), and can be painful.
The word dactyl comes from the Greek word "daktylos" meaning "finger". In its medical term, it refers to both the fingers and the toes. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Dactylitis-Associated conditions-Dactylitis can occur in seronegative arthropathies, such as psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis, and in sickle-cell disease as result of a vasoocclusive crisis with bone infarcts, and in infectious conditions including tuberculosis, syphilis, and leprosy. In reactive arthriti... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Barber and Calverley-Barber and Calverley-Theodore Xenophon Barber (1927–2005) and David Smith Calverley (1937–2008) were American psychologists who studied "hypnotic behaviour". They measured how susceptible patients were to hypnotic induction. One result of their research was showing that the hypnotic induction was n... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Fruit hat (pudding)-Fruit hat (pudding)-Fruit hat is the generic name for a British steamed pudding, originally made with a pastry of suet and flour, and filled with fruit. Later, the term came to refer to a category of steamed puddings "made with butter, flour and eggs produce a sponge-like pud topped with sauce that ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Sup45p-Sup45p-Sup45p is the Saccharomyces cerevisiae (a yeast) eukaryotic translation termination factor. More specifically, it is the yeast eukaryotic release factor 1 (eRF1). Its job is to recognize stop codons in RNA and bind to them. It binds to the Sup35p protein and then takes on the shape of a tRNA molecule so t... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Fracture mechanics-Fracture mechanics-Fracture mechanics is the field of mechanics concerned with the study of the propagation of cracks in materials. It uses methods of analytical solid mechanics to calculate the driving force on a crack and those of experimental solid mechanics to characterize the material's resistan... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Fracture mechanics-Fracture mechanics-Theoretically, the stress ahead of a sharp crack tip becomes infinite and cannot be used to describe the state around a crack. Fracture mechanics is used to characterise the loads on a crack, typically using a single parameter to describe the complete loading state at the crack tip... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Fracture mechanics-Fracture mechanics-The characterising parameter describes the state of the crack tip which can then be related to experimental conditions to ensure similitude. Crack growth occurs when the parameters typically exceed certain critical values. Corrosion may cause a crack to slowly grow when the stress ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Fracture mechanics-Motivation-The processes of material manufacture, processing, machining, and forming may introduce flaws in a finished mechanical component. Arising from the manufacturing process, interior and surface flaws are found in all metal structures. Not all such flaws are unstable under service conditions. ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Fracture mechanics-Linear elastic fracture mechanics-Griffith's criterion Fracture mechanics was developed during World War I by English aeronautical engineer A. A. Griffith – thus the term Griffith crack – to explain the failure of brittle materials. Griffith's work was motivated by two contradictory facts: The stress... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Fracture mechanics-Linear elastic fracture mechanics-The theoretical stress needed for breaking atomic bonds of glass is approximately 10,000 MPa (1,500,000 psi).A theory was needed to reconcile these conflicting observations. Also, experiments on glass fibers that Griffith himself conducted suggested that the fracture... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Fracture mechanics-Linear elastic fracture mechanics-To verify the flaw hypothesis, Griffith introduced an artificial flaw in his experimental glass specimens. The artificial flaw was in the form of a surface crack which was much larger than other flaws in a specimen. The experiments showed that the product of the squa... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Fracture mechanics-Linear elastic fracture mechanics-The growth of a crack, the extension of the surfaces on either side of the crack, requires an increase in the surface energy. Griffith found an expression for the constant C in terms of the surface energy of the crack by solving the elasticity problem of a finite cr... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Fracture mechanics-Linear elastic fracture mechanics-Fix the boundary so that the applied load does no work and then introduce a crack into the specimen. The crack relaxes the stress and hence reduces the elastic energy near the crack faces. On the other hand, the crack increases the total surface energy of the specime... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Fracture mechanics-Linear elastic fracture mechanics-Compute the change in the free energy (surface energy − elastic energy) as a function of the crack length. Failure occurs when the free energy attains a peak value at a critical crack length, beyond which the free energy decreases as the crack length increases, i.e. ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Fracture mechanics-Linear elastic fracture mechanics-For the simple case of a thin rectangular plate with a crack perpendicular to the load, the energy release rate, G , becomes: G=πσ2aE where σ is the applied stress, a is half the crack length, and E is the Young’s modulus, which for the case of plane strain shoul... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Fracture mechanics-Linear elastic fracture mechanics-However, we also have that: Gc=πσf2aE If G ≥ Gc , this is the criterion for which the crack will begin to propagate.
For materials highly deformed before crack propagation, the linear elastic fracture mechanics formulation is no longer applicable and an adapted mod... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Fracture mechanics-Linear elastic fracture mechanics-Irwin's modification Griffith's work was largely ignored by the engineering community until the early 1950s. The reasons for this appear to be (a) in the actual structural materials the level of energy needed to cause fracture is orders of magnitude higher than the c... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Fracture mechanics-Linear elastic fracture mechanics-In ductile materials (and even in materials that appear to be brittle), a plastic zone develops at the tip of the crack. As the applied load increases, the plastic zone increases in size until the crack grows and the elastically strained material behind the crack tip... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Fracture mechanics-Linear elastic fracture mechanics-Irwin's strategy was to partition the energy into two parts: the stored elastic strain energy which is released as a crack grows. This is the thermodynamic driving force for fracture.
the dissipated energy which includes plastic dissipation and the surface energy (an... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Fracture mechanics-Linear elastic fracture mechanics-For brittle materials such as glass, the surface energy term dominates and J/m 2 . For ductile materials such as steel, the plastic dissipation term dominates and 1000 J/m 2 . For polymers close to the glass transition temperature, we have intermediate values of G... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Fracture mechanics-Linear elastic fracture mechanics-Fracture occurs when KI≥Kc . For the special case of plane strain deformation, Kc becomes KIc and is considered a material property. The subscript I arises because of the different ways of loading a material to enable a crack to propagate. It refers to so-called ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Fracture mechanics-Linear elastic fracture mechanics-The energy release rate for crack growth or strain energy release rate may then be calculated as the change in elastic strain energy per unit area of crack growth, i.e., := [∂U∂a]P=−[∂U∂a]u where U is the elastic energy of the system and a is the crack length. Either... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Fracture mechanics-Linear elastic fracture mechanics-Irwin showed that for a mode I crack (opening mode) the strain energy release rate and the stress intensity factor are related by: plane stress plane strain where E is the Young's modulus, ν is Poisson's ratio, and KI is the stress intensity factor in mode I. Irwin a... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Fracture mechanics-Linear elastic fracture mechanics-Next, Irwin adopted the additional assumption that the size and shape of the energy dissipation zone remains approximately constant during brittle fracture. This assumption suggests that the energy needed to create a unit fracture surface is a constant that depends o... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Fracture mechanics-Linear elastic fracture mechanics-Crack tip plastic zone In theory the stress at the crack tip where the radius is nearly zero, would tend to infinity. This would be considered a stress singularity, which is not possible in real-world applications. For this reason, in numerical studies in the field o... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Fracture mechanics-Linear elastic fracture mechanics-Nevertheless, there must be some sort of mechanism or property of the material that prevents such a crack from propagating spontaneously. The assumption is, the plastic deformation at the crack tip effectively blunts the crack tip. This deformation depends primarily ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Fracture mechanics-Linear elastic fracture mechanics-The same process as described above for a single event loading also applies and to cyclic loading. If a crack is present in a specimen that undergoes cyclic loading, the specimen will plastically deform at the crack tip and delay the crack growth. In the event of an ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Fracture mechanics-Linear elastic fracture mechanics-Limitations But a problem arose for the NRL researchers because naval materials, e.g., ship-plate steel, are not perfectly elastic but undergo significant plastic deformation at the tip of a crack. One basic assumption in Irwin's linear elastic fracture mechanics is ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Fracture mechanics-Linear elastic fracture mechanics-Linear-elastic fracture mechanics is of limited practical use for structural steels and Fracture toughness testing can be expensive. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Fracture mechanics-Elastic–plastic fracture mechanics-Most engineering materials show some nonlinear elastic and inelastic behavior under operating conditions that involve large loads. In such materials the assumptions of linear elastic fracture mechanics may not hold, that is, the plastic zone at a crack tip may have ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Fracture mechanics-Elastic–plastic fracture mechanics-a global energy balance criterion for further crack growth and unstable fracture. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Fracture mechanics-Elastic–plastic fracture mechanics-CTOD Historically, the first parameter for the determination of fracture toughness in the elasto-plastic region was the crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) or "opening at the apex of the crack" indicated. This parameter was determined by Wells during the studies o... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Fracture mechanics-Elastic–plastic fracture mechanics-There are a number of alternative definitions of CTOD. In the two most common definitions, CTOD is the displacement at the original crack tip and the 90 degree intercept. The latter definition was suggested by Rice and is commonly used to infer CTOD in finite elemen... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Fracture mechanics-Elastic–plastic fracture mechanics-Most laboratory measurements of CTOD have been made on edge-cracked specimens loaded in three-point bending. Early experiments used a flat paddle-shaped gage that was inserted into the crack; as the crack opened, the paddle gage rotated, and an electronic signal was... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Fracture mechanics-Elastic–plastic fracture mechanics-R-curve An early attempt in the direction of elastic-plastic fracture mechanics was Irwin's crack extension resistance curve, Crack growth resistance curve or R-curve. This curve acknowledges the fact that the resistance to fracture increases with growing crack size... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Fracture mechanics-Elastic–plastic fracture mechanics-J-integral In the mid-1960s James R. Rice (then at Brown University) and G. P. Cherepanov independently developed a new toughness measure to describe the case where there is sufficient crack-tip deformation that the part no longer obeys the linear-elastic approximat... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Fracture mechanics-Elastic–plastic fracture mechanics-The mathematical definition of J-integral is as follows: with w=∫0εijσijdεij where Γ is an arbitrary path clockwise around the apex of the crack, w is the density of strain energy, Ti are the components of the vectors of traction, ui are the components of the displa... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Fracture mechanics-Elastic–plastic fracture mechanics-Cohesive zone model When a significant region around a crack tip has undergone plastic deformation, other approaches can be used to determine the possibility of further crack extension and the direction of crack growth and branching. A simple technique that is easil... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Fracture mechanics-Elastic–plastic fracture mechanics-Transition flaw size Let a material have a yield strength σY and a fracture toughness in mode I KIc . Based on fracture mechanics, the material will fail at stress fail =KIc/πa . Based on plasticity, the material will yield when σfail=σY . These curves intersect... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Carbon monoxide-releasing molecules-Carbon monoxide-releasing molecules-Carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CORMs) are chemical compounds designed to release controlled amounts of carbon monoxide (CO). CORMs are being developed as potential therapeutic agents to locally deliver CO to cells and tissues, thus overcoming... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Carbon monoxide-releasing molecules-History-The simplest source of CO is from a combustion reaction via burning sources such as fossil fuels or fire wood. Sources releasing CO upon thermal decomposition or combustion are generally not considered CORMs. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Carbon monoxide-releasing molecules-History-Therapeutic interest in CO dates back to the study of factitious airs (hydrocarbonate) in the 1790s by Thomas Beddoes, James Watt, James Lind, Humphry Davy, Tiberius Cavallo and many others.Nickel tetracarbonyl was the first carbonyl-complex used to achieve local delivery of ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Carbon monoxide-releasing molecules-History-The first synthetic CORMs were typically metal carbonyl complexes. A representative CORM that has been extensively characterized both from a biochemical and pharmacological view point is the ruthenium(II) complex Ru(glycinate)Cl(CO)3, commonly known as CORM-3. Therapeutic dat... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Carbon monoxide-releasing molecules-CORM classifications-Transition metal CORMs The majority of therapeutically relevant CORMs are transition metal complexes primarily based on iron, molybdenum, ruthenium, manganese, cobalt, rhenium and others.
PhotoCORMs The release of CO from carrier agents can be induced photochemic... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Carbon monoxide-releasing molecules-CORM classifications-Methylene chloride was the first organic CORM orally administered based on previous reports of carboxyhemoglobin formation via metabolism. The second organic CORM, CORM-A1 (sodium boranocarbonate), was developed based on a 1960s report of CO release from potassiu... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Carbon monoxide-releasing molecules-CORM classifications-Enzyme hybrids Based on the synergism of the heme oxygenase system and CO delivery, a new molecular hybrid-CORM (HYCO) class emerged consisting of a conjoined HO-1 inducer and CORM species. One such HYCO includes a dimethyl fumarate moiety which activates NRF2 to... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Carbon monoxide-releasing molecules-CORM classifications-Carbon monoxide releasing materials Carbon monoxide releasing materials (CORMAs) are essentially novel drug formulations and drug delivery platforms which have emerged to overcome the pharmaceutical limitations of most CORM species. An exemplary CORMA developed b... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Carbon monoxide-releasing molecules-CORM classifications-Carboxyhemoglobin infusion Carboxyhemoglobin can be infused to deliver CO. The most common approaches are based on polyethylene glycol PEGylated bovine carboxyhemoglobin and maleimide PEG conjugated human carboxyhemoglobin.
Porphyrins Porphyrin structures such as... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Carbon monoxide-releasing molecules-Endogenous CO-HMOX is regarded as the main source of endogenous CO production, though other minor contributors have been identified in recent years. CO is formed at a rate of 16.4 μmol/hour in the human body, ~86% originating from heme via heme oxygenase and ~14% from non-heme source... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Carbon monoxide-releasing molecules-Endogenous CO-Heme oxygenase In the late 1960s Rudi Schmid characterized the enzyme that facilitates the reaction for heme catabolism, thereby identifying the heme oxygenase (HMOX) enzyme. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Carbon monoxide-releasing molecules-Endogenous CO-HMOX is a heme-containing member of the heat shock protein (HSP) family identified as HSP32. Three isoforms of HMOX have been identified to date including the stress-induced HMOX-1 and constitutive HMOX-2. HMOX-1 is considered a cell rescue protein which is induced in r... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Carbon monoxide-releasing molecules-Endogenous CO-Minor CO sources The formation of CO from lipid peroxidation was first reported in the late 1960s and is regarded as a minor contributor to endogenous CO production. Other contributing sources include: the microbiome, cytochrome P450 reductase, human acireductone dioxyg... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Carbon monoxide-releasing molecules-CO pharmacology-Carbon monoxide is one of three gaseous signaling molecules alongside nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide. These gases are collectively referred to as gasotransmitters. CO is a classical example of hormesis such that low-dose is essential and beneficial, whereas an abse... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Carbon monoxide-releasing molecules-CO pharmacology-Signaling The first evidence of CO as a signaling molecule occurred upon observation of CO stimulating soluble guanylate cyclase and subsequent cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) production to serve as a vasodilator in vascular smooth muscle cells. The anti-inflamm... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Carbon monoxide-releasing molecules-CO pharmacology-Pharmacokinetics CO has approximately 210x greater affinity for hemoglobin than oxygen. The equilibrium dissociation constant for the reaction Hb-CO ⇌ Hb + CO strongly favours the CO complex, thus the release of CO for pulmonary excretion generally takes some time.
Ba... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Medial root of median nerve-Medial root of median nerve-The medial root of median nerve is one of the two sources of the median nerve, the other being the lateral root of median nerve. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Automatic image annotation-Automatic image annotation-Automatic image annotation (also known as automatic image tagging or linguistic indexing) is the process by which a computer system automatically assigns metadata in the form of captioning or keywords to a digital image. This application of computer vision technique... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Automatic image annotation-Automatic image annotation-This method can be regarded as a type of multi-class image classification with a very large number of classes - as large as the vocabulary size. Typically, image analysis in the form of extracted feature vectors and the training annotation words are used by machine ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Automatic image annotation-Automatic image annotation-The advantages of automatic image annotation versus content-based image retrieval (CBIR) are that queries can be more naturally specified by the user. CBIR generally (at present) requires users to search by image concepts such as color and texture, or finding exampl... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
German volume training-German volume training-German Volume Training (GVT), commonly referred to as the "10x10 workout", is a form of weight training. It employs high set counts and moderate repetitions. GVT workouts typically involve 10 sets of 10 repetitions focused on a specific muscle group. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
German volume training-Muscle building-GVT training programs emphasize different muscle groups each day in order to work the targeted muscle groups close to their breaking points, causing the body to build muscle mass quickly. GVT is a mainstream bodybuilding program and can be done at a frequency suitable to the train... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
German volume training-Muscle building-Guidelines ensure trainer safety - rest is important between sets, and should last between 60 and 90 seconds. During the set the lifter must also consider the amount of weight. For any given exercise, only about 60% of the lifter's one rep max should be used. For example, if a lif... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Schottky junction solar cell-Schottky junction solar cell-In a basic Schottky-junction (Schottky-barrier) solar cell, an interface between a metal and a semiconductor provides the band bending necessary for charge separation. Traditional solar cells are composed of p-type and n-type semiconductor layers sandwiched toge... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Schottky junction solar cell-Material types-Schottky junction solar cells can be constructed using many different material types. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Schottky junction solar cell-Material types-Cadmium selenide One material is cadmium selenide. As a direct bandgap semiconductor, CdSe has many applications in modern technology. Previous experiments using CdSe in solar cells resulted in a power-conversion efficiency of approximately 0.72%. Liang Li et al. propose usin... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Schottky junction solar cell-Material types-Nickel oxide When constructing bulk-heterojunction solar cells, p-type nickel oxide is an effective anode layer. Its function as a wide band-gap semiconductor helps planarize the anode surface, and helps maximum photon flux to reach the active layer. In this case, NiO thickne... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Schottky junction solar cell-Material types-Gallium arsenide Under the right conditions, a gallium arsenide cell can produce an efficiency of around 22%. This is considered an MIS, or metal-insulator-semiconductor, and requires a thin oxide layer to prevent photo-current suppression. Sheng S. Li et al. for the first ti... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
AIDS-related lymphoma-AIDS-related lymphoma-AIDS-related lymphoma describes lymphomas occurring in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).A lymphoma is a type of cancer arising from lymphoid cells. In AIDS, the incidences of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, primary cerebral lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease are al... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
AIDS-related lymphoma-Symptoms and signs-The symptoms of AIDS-related lymphoma can include: weight loss, fever, and night sweats. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
AIDS-related lymphoma-Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma-Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is present in about 1%–3% of HIV seropositive people at the time of the initial diagnosis of HIV. However, it is believed that such patients have been seropositive for a prolonged period, but have simply not had their infections recognized previo... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
AIDS-related lymphoma-Primary cerebral lymphoma-Primary cerebral lymphoma (or primary central nervous system lymphoma) is a form of NHL. It is very rare in immunocompetent people, with an incidence of 5–30 cases per million person-years. However the incidence in immunocompromised individuals is greatly increased, up to... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
AIDS-related lymphoma-Hodgkin's disease-The incidence of Hodgkin's disease in the general population is about 10–30 per million person-years. This increases to 170 per million person-years in HIV positive patients. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Cardea (DRM)-Cardea (DRM)-Cardea is the codename for portable version of Windows Media DRM for network devices, the marketing name of which is Windows Media DRM for Network Devices (or in short form WMDRM-ND) introduced by Microsoft. It is used for streaming protected digital media across a network for immediate playba... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Chemical burn-Chemical burn-A chemical burn occurs when living tissue is exposed to a corrosive substance (such as a strong acid, base or oxidizer) or a cytotoxic agent (such as mustard gas, lewisite or arsine). Chemical burns follow standard burn classification and may cause extensive tissue damage. The main types of ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Chemical burn-Chemical burn-Chemical burns may: need no source of heat occur immediately on contact not be immediately evident or noticeable be extremely painful diffuse into tissue and damage cellular structures under skin without immediately apparent damage to skin surface | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Chemical burn-Presentation-The exact symptoms of a chemical burn depend on the chemical involved. Symptoms include itching, bleaching or darkening of skin, burning sensations, trouble breathing, coughing blood and/or tissue necrosis. Common sources of chemical burns include sulfuric acid (H2SO4), hydrochloric acid (HCl... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Chemical burn-Prevention-In Belgium, the Conseil Supérieur de la Santé gives a scientific advisory report on public health policy. The Superior Health Council of Belgium provides an overview of products that are authorized in Belgium for consumer use and that contain caustic substances, as well as of the risks linked t... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Ethinylestradiol/levonorgestrel-Ethinylestradiol/levonorgestrel-Ethinylestradiol/levonorgestrel (EE/LNG) is a combined birth control pill made up of ethinylestradiol, an estrogen and levonorgestrel a progestin. It is used for birth control, symptoms of menstruation, endometriosis, and as emergency contraception. It is ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
VoIP vulnerabilities-VoIP vulnerabilities-VoIP is vulnerable to similar types of attacks that Web connection and emails are prone to. VoIP attractiveness, because of its low fixed cost and numerous features, come with some risks that are well known to the developers an are constantly being addressed. But these risks ar... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
VoIP vulnerabilities-Vulnerabilities-Remote eavesdropping Unencrypted connections lead to communication and security breaches. Hackers/trackers can eavesdrop on important or private conversations and extract valuable data. The overheard conversations might be sold to or used by competing businesses. The gathered intell... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
VoIP vulnerabilities-Vulnerabilities-Network attacks Attacks to the user network, or internet provider can disrupt or even cut the connection. Since VOIP is highly dependent on our internet connection, direct attacks on the internet connection, or provider, are highly effective way of attack. These kinds of attacks tar... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
VoIP vulnerabilities-Vulnerabilities-Default security settings Hardphones (a.k.a. VoIP phones) are smart devices. They are more of a computer than a phone, and as such they need to be well configured. In some cases, Chinese manufacturers are using default passwords for each of the manufactured devices which leads to vu... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
VoIP vulnerabilities-VOIP exploits-VoIP spam VoIP has its own spam called SPIT (Spam over Internet Telephony). Using the unlimited extensions provided by VOIP PBX capabilities, the spammer can constantly harass their target from different numbers. The process is not hard to automate and can fill the target's voice mail... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
VoIP vulnerabilities-VOIP exploits-VoIP phishing VOIP users can change their Caller ID (a.k.a. Caller ID spoofing), allowing caller to represent himself as relative, colleague, or part of the family, in order to extract information, money or benefits from the target.
Secure SIP Port FreePBX has inbuilt firewall, you ca... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Game tree-Game tree-In the context of Combinatorial game theory, which typically studies sequential games with perfect information, a game tree is a graph representing all possible game states within such a game. Such games include well-known ones such as chess, checkers, Go, and tic-tac-toe. This can be used to measur... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Game tree-Understanding the game tree-To better understand the game tree, it can be thought of as a technique for analyzing adversarial games, which determine the actions that player takes to win the game. In game theory, a game tree is a directed graph whose nodes are positions in a game (e.g., the arrangement of the ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Game tree-Understanding the game tree-The diagram shows the first two levels, or plies, in the game tree for tic-tac-toe. The rotations and reflections of positions are equivalent, so the first player has three choices of move: in the center, at the edge, or in the corner. The second player has two choices for the repl... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Game tree-Understanding the game tree-The number of leaf nodes in the complete game tree is the number of possible different ways the game can be played. For example, the game tree for tic-tac-toe has 255,168 leaf nodes. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
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