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Charge contrast imaging-Charge contrast imaging-Charge contrast imaging is a scanning electron microscope imaging mode which can produce images of otherwise invisible microstructures in insulating materials and in fossils. While the technique clearly illustrates changes in minerals which reflect genuine compositional d... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Voltage controller-Voltage controller-A voltage controller, also called an AC voltage controller or AC regulator is an electronic module based on either thyristors, triodes for alternating current, silicon-controlled rectifiers or insulated-gate bipolar transistors, which converts a fixed voltage, fixed frequency alter... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Voltage controller-Modes of operation-Electronic voltage controllers work in two different ways; either through "on-and-off control" or through "phase control". | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Voltage controller-Modes of operation-On-and-off control In an on-and-off controller, thyristors are used to switch on the circuits for a few cycles of voltage and off for certain cycles, thus altering the total RMS voltage value of the output and acting as a high speed AC switch. The rapid switching results in high fr... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Voltage controller-Modes of operation-Phase angle control In phase angle control, thyristors are used to selectively pass only a part of each AC cycle through to the load. By controlling the phase angle or trigger angle, the output RMS voltage of the load can be varied. The thyristor is turned on for every half-cycle a... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Voltage controller-Applications-Light dimming circuits Temperature control of electrical heating systems Speed control of motors AC magnet controls | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
DAVID-DAVID-DAVID (the database for annotation, visualization and integrated discovery) is a free online bioinformatics resource developed by the Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and Immunoinformatics (LHRI). All tools in the DAVID Bioinformatics Resources aim to provide functional interpretation of large lists of gen... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
DAVID-DAVID-DAVID 2021 update was released in December 2021. The knowledgebase has been scheduled to update quarterly. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
DAVID-Functionality-DAVID provides a comprehensive set of functional annotation tools for investigators to understand biological meaning behind large list of genes. For any given gene list, DAVID tools are able to: Identify enriched biological themes, particularly GO terms Discover enriched functional-related gene grou... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
DAVID-Functionality-Search for other functionally related genes not in the list List interacting proteins Explore gene names in batch Link gene-disease associations Highlight protein functional domains and motifs Redirect to related literatures Convert gene identifiers from one type to another. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nanochannel glass materials-Nanochannel glass materials-Nanochannel glass materials are an experimental mask technology that is an alternate method for fabricating nanostructures, although optical lithography is the predominant patterning technique.Nanochannel glass materials are complex glass structures containing lar... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nanochannel glass materials-Characteristics-These materials have high density of uniform channels with diameters from 15 micrometres to 15 nanometers. These are rigid structures with serviceable temperatures to at least 300 °C, with potential up to 1000 °C. Furthermore, these are optically transparent photonic structur... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nanochannel glass materials-Applications-These can be used as a material for chromatographic columns, unidirectional conductors, Microchannel plate and nonlinear optical devices. Other uses are as masks for semiconductor development, including ion implantation, optical lithography, and reactive ion etching. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Acyltransferase like 2-Acyltransferase like 2-Acyltransferase like 2 (or lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase) is an enzyme which converts lysophospatidylcholine and phosphatidylcholine. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pettis integral-Pettis integral-In mathematics, the Pettis integral or Gelfand–Pettis integral, named after Israel M. Gelfand and Billy James Pettis, extends the definition of the Lebesgue integral to vector-valued functions on a measure space, by exploiting duality. The integral was introduced by Gelfand for the case ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pettis integral-Definition-Let f:X→V where (X,Σ,μ) is a measure space and V is a topological vector space (TVS) with a continuous dual space V′ that separates points (that is, if x∈V is nonzero then there is some l∈V′ such that l(x)≠0 ), for example, V is a normed space or (more generally) is a Hausdorff locall... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pettis integral-Definition-Common notations for the Pettis integral eA include To understand the motivation behind the definition of "weakly integrable", consider the special case where V is the underlying scalar field; that is, where V=R or V=C.
In this case, every linear functional φ on V is of the form φ(y)=... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pettis integral-Relation to Dunford integral-The map f:X→V is said to be Dunford integrable if φ∘f∈L1(X,Σ,μ) for all φ∈V′ and also for every A∈Σ there exists a vector dA∈V″, called the Dunford integral of f on A, such that where ⟨dA,φ⟩=dA(φ).
Identify every vector x∈V with the map scalar-valued functional on ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pettis integral-Properties-An immediate consequence of the definition is that Pettis integrals are compatible with continuous, linear operators: If Φ:V1→V2 is and linear and continuous and f:X→V1 is Pettis integrable, then Φ∘f is Pettis integrable as well and: The standard estimate for real- and complex-valued func... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pettis integral-Properties-Applying this to := ∫Xfdμ it gives the result. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pettis integral-Properties-Mean value theorem An important property is that the Pettis integral with respect to a finite measure is contained in the closure of the convex hull of the values scaled by the measure of the integration domain: This is a consequence of the Hahn-Banach theorem and generalizes the mean value t... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pettis integral-Properties-If f is Pettis integrable and A∈Σ is a measurable subset of X, then by definition f|A:A→V and f⋅1A:X→V are also Pettis integrable and If X is a topological space, Σ=BX its Borel- σ -algebra, μ a Borel measure that assigns finite values to compact subsets, V is quasi-complete (that i... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pettis integral-Law of large numbers for Pettis-integrable random variables-Let (Ω,F,P) be a probability space, and let V be a topological vector space with a dual space that separates points. Let vn:Ω→V be a sequence of Pettis-integrable random variables, and write E[vn] for the Pettis integral of vn (over X ).... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Loosemore–Hanby index-Loosemore–Hanby index-The Loosemore–Hanby index measures disproportionality of electoral systems, how much the principle of one person, one vote is violated. It computes the absolute difference between votes cast and seats obtained using the formula: LH=12∑i=1n|vi−si| ,where vi is the vote share ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Loosemore–Hanby index-Loosemore–Hanby index-Whereas the Rae index measures the average deviation, the Loosemore–Hanby index measures the total deviation. Michael Gallagher used least squares to develop the Gallagher index, which takes a middle ground between the Rae and Loosemore–Hanby indices.The LH index is related t... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Loosemore–Hanby index-Example of calculating distortion-Netherlands This table uses the 2021 Dutch general election result. The Netherlands uses a nationwide party list system, with seats allocated by the D'Hondt method. The low figure achieved through this calculation suggests the election was very proportional. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Loosemore–Hanby index-Application-Europe The following table displays a calculation of the Rose Index by Nohlen of the most, or second most, recent legislative election in each European country prior to 2009. This calculation ranges from 0-100, with 100 being the most proportional score possible, and 0 the least. Parti... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Loosemore–Hanby index-Software implementation-Loosemore-Hanby Index in PolRep, an R package. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Sic1-Sic1-Sic1, a protein, is a stoichiometric inhibitor of Cdk1-Clb (B-type cyclins) complexes in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Because B-type cyclin-Cdk1 complexes are the drivers of S-phase initiation, Sic1 prevents premature S-phase entry. Multisite phosphorylation of Sic1 is thought to time Sic1 ubiq... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Sic1-Cell cycle control-In the G1 phase of the cell cycle, Sic1 binds tightly to the Cdc28-Clb complex and inhibits it. Low Cdc28-Clb activity leads to the disassembly of the mitotic spindle, the assembly of the prereplicative complex and initiation of bud formation in yeast. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Sic1-Cell cycle control-At the START point in the yeast cell cycle, the G1-cyclins Cln3, Cln1 and Cln 2 activate Cdc28. The activated complex will phosphorylate Sic1 at multiple sites which leads to its degradation by the SCF complex. When Sic1 is degraded, the Cdc28-Clb complex is no longer inhibited and the cell can ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Sic1-Cell cycle control-Cdc28 in complex with B-type cyclin (Cdc28-Clb) phosphorylates Swi5, the transcription factor of Sic1. This promotes the export of Swi5 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and avoids further transcription of the cdk inhibitor. Cdc28-Clb also phosphorylates any Sic1 molecules still available and tr... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Sic1-Ubiquitin-dependent degradation-In order to be recognized by Cdc4 of the SCF complex, Sic1 has to be phosphorylated, often by Cyclin-Cdk complexes, at least at 6 of the 9 cdk sites (Fig. 2). Sic1 can also be phosphorylated by other kinases, such as Pho85-Pc11, a kinase which becomes essential when Cln1 and Cln2 ar... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Sic1-Phosphorylation-Sic1 needs to be phosphorylated at multiple sites for ubiquitination-driven degradation (Fig. 2). The multiple phosphorylations are required for Sic1 to be recruited by Cdc4 to the SCF complex. The Cdc4 substrate recognition mechanism includes the interaction with consensus binding motifs on the su... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Sic1-Phosphorylation-A simplified understanding of the regulation of Sic1 degradation involves the phosphorylation of multiple CDK sites, which consist of optimal and suboptimal consensus phosphorylation motifs. Recent studies conducted by Koivomagi et al. have revealed the many intricacies of the multi-phosphorylation... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Sic1-Phosphorylation-Function Apart from being an often-overlooked component of the Cdk1 cyclin complex, Cks1 is critical for Sic1 multi-phosphorylation and degradation. The phospho-binding pocket of Cks1 is capable of binding independently to phosphorylated CDK sites on Sic1. Additionally, the binding affinity of Cks1... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Sic1-Phosphorylation-Site positioning Sic1 is a molecule with disordered regions, which aids in the manipulation of phosphorylation site distances. For the following findings, Koivomagi et al. utilized a Sic1 construct with a T33 optimal consensus motif, acting as the primary phosphorylation site, and a suboptimal moti... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Sic1-Phosphorylation-Directionality Sic1 phosphorylation is initiated by the G1 cyclins, Cln1,2, and then completed by S-phase cyclins, Clb5,6 (Fig. 1). The docking motifs of the cyclin participate in Sic1 phosphorylation dynamics. S-phase cyclins use RXL docking while G1 cyclins use LLPP docking. Sic1 phosphorylation ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Sic1-Phosphorylation-Processivity Cks1-dependent multi-phosphorylation occurs in a processive or semi-processive manner, evidenced by the lack of intermediate Sic1 phosphorylation states in normal cells. This processivity is also dependent on the presence of the cyclin docking site since increasing the numbers of mutat... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Sic1-Phosphorylation-Mechanism The following is a proposed mechanism by Koivomagi et al. of the in vivo cascade to promote Sic1 phosphorylation and degradation. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Sic1-Phosphorylation-In late G1, Sic1 is inhibiting the Clb5-Cdk1 complex, simultaneously inhibiting its own degradation. The phosphorylation cascade proceeds by Cln2-Cdk1 phosphorylation of the T5 priming site. Following this, the T33, T45, and S76 residues are phosphorylated by Cln2-Cdk1, but no degron pairs are phos... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Sic1-Sic1 homologue in human and diseases-The protein p27Kip1 is a human homologue of Sic1, both having a conserved inhibitory domain, but p27Kip1 inhibits G1 cyclins and not cyclin B. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Sic1-Sic1 homologue in human and diseases-There are several human diseases that are linked to p27Kip1 and other cyclin kinase inhibitors: All Papillary microcarcinomas (PMCs) of the thyroid have a lower expression of p27Kip1 than normal thyroid tissue. Additionally, the expression of p27Kip1 in more aggressive, metasta... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Sic1-Sic1 homologue in human and diseases-Kaposi's sarcoma is a type of cancer which appears in combination with AIDS and presumably is caused by the human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8). This virus expresses a viral cyclin which builds a complex with Cdk6. This KSHV-cyclin-Cdk6 complex phosphorylates and destabilises p27Kip1, w... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Sic1-Sic1 homologue in human and diseases-Patients with a gastric adenocarcinoma (stomach cancer) have a higher chance of survival if the tumor has high p27Kip1 expression. Low p27Kip1 expression can lead to tumor de-differentiation, increased penetration through the gastric wall, lymph node metastasis and advanced tum... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Solar eclipse of June 20, 1974-Solar eclipse of June 20, 1974-A total solar eclipse occurred on June 20, 1974. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diam... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Solar eclipse of June 20, 1974-Solar eclipse of June 20, 1974-The path of totality passed over the Indian Ocean, Amsterdam Island, and Western Australia. The partial eclipse was visible from Madagascar, Indonesia, Australia, and the southwestern coast of South Island, New Zealand. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Solar eclipse of June 20, 1974-Related eclipses-Eclipses in 1974 A partial lunar eclipse on Tuesday, 4 June 1974.
A total solar eclipse on Thursday, 20 June 1974.
A total lunar eclipse on Friday, 29 November 1974.
A partial solar eclipse on Friday, 13 December 1974.
Solar eclipses of 1971–1974 This eclipse is a member ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Solar eclipse of June 20, 1974-Related eclipses-Saros 146 It is a part of Saros cycle 146, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, containing 76 events. The series started with partial solar eclipse on September 19, 1541. It contains total eclipses from May 29, 1938 through October 7, 2154, hybrid eclipses from October 17, ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Solar eclipse of June 20, 1974-Related eclipses-Metonic series The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Comparison of browser synchronizers-Comparison of browser synchronizers-The following tables compare general and technical information for a number of web-based browser synchronizers. Please see the individual products' articles for further information. Unless otherwise specified in footnotes, comparisons are based on ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Comparison of browser synchronizers-History-History of bookmarks (favorites) sync: 2020 - Maxthon 1.3 2020 - Google Browser Sync (extension for Firefox) 2020 - Opera 2020 - Firefox 2020 - Google Chrome 2020 - Eversync (extension for Firefox) | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Tongue diagnosis-Tongue diagnosis-Tongue diagnosis in Chinese Medicine is a method of diagnosing disease and disease patterns by visual inspection of the tongue and its various features. It is one of the major diagnostic methods in Chinese Medicine since the time of the Yellow Emperor's Inner Classic. It is considered ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Tongue diagnosis-Topography of the Tongue-The tongue is divided into topographic regions corresponding to the Triple Burner and Zang Fu organs. By observing the various regions of the tongue, one can determine where the disease is located within the body. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Tongue diagnosis-Topography of the Tongue-One method of mapping the tongue is by dividing it into three sections to correspond to the Triple Burner. The tip of the tongue corresponds to the Upper Burner (Heart, Lungs); the middle corresponds to the Middle Burner (Stomach, Spleen), and the base of the tongue corresponds... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Tongue diagnosis-Aspects of the Tongue-The aspects of the tongue considered in diagnosis include: Tongue spirit or vitality Body color Body shape Tongue coating Tongue moistureIn addition, various features are also considered, including absence or presence of and the characteristics of movement, bristles, cracks, and t... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Tongue diagnosis-Normal tongue-A normal, healthy tongue is pale red or pink with a thin white coating. The tongue should have spirit, but it should not tremble or quiver. It should have a shape which is not too swollen or flabby, with no cracks, and be slightly moist. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Tongue diagnosis-Significance of the Tongue in Diagnosis-When differentiating between various patterns in clinical settings, tongue diagnosis plays a significant role. In a situation in which a patient has complex or even conflicting clinical presentations, the tongue body color nearly always reflects the true underlyi... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Tongue diagnosis-Scientific evaluation-A 2008 study found that interpractitioner and intrapractitioner reliability levels were low. The features of the tongue are claimed to be tied to specific body parts, but evidence is lacking. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
KNDy neuron-KNDy neuron-Kisspeptin, neurokinin B, and dynorphin (KNDy) neurons are neurons in the hypothalamus of the brain that are central to the hormonal control of reproduction.
KNDy neurons in the hypothalamus coexpress kisspeptin, neurokinin B (NKB) and dynorphin. They are involved in the negative feedback of gon... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
KNDy neuron-KNDy neuron-KNDy peptide colocalization was first discovered in 2007 in sheep and was later confirmed to be present in mice, rats, cows and nonhuman primates. KNDy neurons are thought to be located in the hypothalamus region of human brains due to conservation across most mammalian species.Other roles of KN... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
KNDy neuron-GnRH pulse regulation-KNDy neurons control GnRH pulse generation by through release of three known peptides: neurokinin B (NKB), dynorphin and kisspeptin. NKB and dynorphin are the two peptides that regulate the secretion of kisspeptin. NKB is the stimulating peptide that initiates the pulsatile release of ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
KNDy neuron-Sexual dimorphism in KNDy neuron populations-KNDy neurons are most densely located in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus, but also exist in the rostral periventricular area of third ventricle (RP3V) and the preoptic area (POA). Expression of the KNDy peptides highlighted has been shown to differe... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
KNDy neuron-Steroid hormone feedback-Negative feedback of steroid hormones in both males and females controls the pulsatile nature of GnRH secretion, subsequently increasing or decreasing the release of LH and FSH from the anterior pituitary. This is mediated by estrogen receptor α (ERα), expressed on KNDy neurons. The... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Folk psychology-Folk psychology-In philosophy of mind and cognitive science, folk psychology, or commonsense psychology, is a human capacity to explain and predict the behavior and mental state of other people. Processes and items encountered in daily life such as pain, pleasure, excitement, and anxiety use common ling... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Folk psychology-Key folk concepts-Intentionality When perceiving, explaining, or criticizing human behaviour, people distinguish between intentional and unintentional actions. An evaluation of an action as stemming from purposeful action or accidental circumstances is one of the key determinants in social interaction. ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Folk psychology-Key folk concepts-The folk concept of intentionality is applied in the legal system to distinguish between murder and manslaughter. It is also used to distinguish between intentional and unintentional behaviour in several sports, where intentional fouls are punished more harshly than ones deemed to be u... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Folk psychology-Key folk concepts-The importance of this concept transcends almost all aspects of everyday life: with empirical studies in social and developmental psychology exploring perceived intentionality's role as a mediator for aggression, relationship conflict, judgments of responsibility blame or punishment.Re... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Folk psychology-Key folk concepts-Desires embody outcomes that an individual seeks, including those that are impossible to achieve. The key difference between desires and intentions is that desires can be purely hypothetical, whereas intentions specify an outcome that the individual is actually trying to bring to fruit... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Folk psychology-Key folk concepts-Comprehension and prediction Context model Folk psychology is crucial to evaluating and ultimately understanding novel concepts and items. Developed by Medin, Altom, and Murphy, the Context Model hypothesizes that as a result of mental models in the form of prototype and exemplar repre... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Folk psychology-Key folk concepts-Explanation Conversational Model Given that folk psychology represents causal knowledge associated with the mind's categorization processes, it follows that folk psychology is actively employed in aiding the explanation of everyday actions. Denis Hilton's (1990) Conversational Model wa... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Folk psychology-Application and functioning-Belief–desire model The belief–desire model of psychology illustrates one method in which folk psychology is utilized in everyday life. According to this model, people perform an action if they want an outcome and believe that it can be obtained by performing the action. Howe... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Folk psychology-Application and functioning-Goal-intentional action model Existing literature has widely corroborated the fact that social behavior is greatly affected by the causes to which people attribute actions. In particular, it has been shown that an individual's interpretation of the causes of behaviour reflect... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Folk psychology-Application and functioning-Predicting goals and actions, much like the Belief-Desire Model, involves moderating variables that determine whether an action will be performed. In the Goal-Intentional Action Model, the predictors of goals and actions are: the actors' beliefs about his or her abilities and... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Folk psychology-Application and functioning-Model of everyday inferences Models of everyday inferences capture folk psychology of human informal reasoning. Many models of this nature have been developed. They express and refine our folk psychological ways of understanding of how one makes inferences.
For example, one m... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Folk psychology-Controversy-Folk psychology remains the subject of much contention in academic circles with respect to its scope, method and the significance of its contributions to the scientific community. A large part of this criticism stems from the prevailing impression that folk psychology is a primitive practice... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Japanese Pharmacopoeia-Japanese Pharmacopoeia-The Japanese Pharmacopoeia (日本薬局方) is the official pharmacopoeia of Japan. It is published by the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (独立行政法人 医薬品医療機器総合機構, Dokuritsu-gyōsei hōjin iyakuhin-iryō-kiki-sōgō-kikō). The first edition was published on 25 June 1886, with revi... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Ore genesis-Ore genesis-Various theories of ore genesis explain how the various types of mineral deposits form within Earth's crust. Ore-genesis theories vary depending on the mineral or commodity examined.
Ore-genesis theories generally involve three components: source, transport or conduit, and trap. (This also appli... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Ore genesis-Ore genesis processes-Endogenous Magmatic processes Fractional crystallization: separates ore and non-ore minerals according to their crystallization temperature. As early crystallizing minerals form from magma, they incorporate certain elements, some of which are metals. These crystals may settle onto the ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Ore genesis-Ore genesis processes-Liquid immiscibility: sulfide ores containing copper, nickel, or platinum may form from this process. As a magma changes, parts of it may separate from the main body of magma. Two liquids that will not mix are called immiscible; oil and water are an example. In magmas, sulfides may sep... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Ore genesis-Ore genesis processes-Hydrothermal processes These processes are the physicochemical phenomena and reactions caused by movement of hydrothermal water within the crust, often as a consequence of magmatic intrusion or tectonic upheavals. The foundations of hydrothermal processes are the source-transport-trap ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Ore genesis-Ore genesis processes-solubility of the host mineral within nascent hydrothermal solutions in the source rocks, for example mineral salts (halite), carbonates (cerussite), phosphates (monazite and thorianite), and sulfates (barite) elevated temperatures causing decomposition reactions of mineralsTransport b... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Ore genesis-Ore genesis processes-This process is especially well understood in gold metallogeny where various thiosulfate, chloride, and other gold-carrying chemical complexes (notably tellurium-chloride/sulfate or antimony-chloride/sulfate). The majority of metal deposits formed by hydrothermal processes include sulf... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Ore genesis-Ore genesis processes-Sulfide deposition: Sulfide deposition within the trap zone occurs when metal-carrying sulfate, sulfide, or other complexes become chemically unstable due to one or more of the following processes; falling temperature, which renders the complex unstable or metal insoluble loss of press... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Ore genesis-Ore genesis processes-Metamorphic processes Lateral secretion: Ore deposits formed by lateral secretion are formed by metamorphic reactions during shearing, which liberate mineral constituents such as quartz, sulfides, gold, carbonates, and oxides from deforming rocks, and focus these constituents into zone... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Ore genesis-Ore genesis processes-Metamorphic processes also control many physical processes which form the source of hydrothermal fluids, outlined above.
Sedimentary or surficial processes (exogenous) Surficial processes are the physical and chemical phenomena which cause concentration of ore material within the regol... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Ore genesis-Classification of ore deposits-Classification of hydrothermal ore deposits is also achieved by classifying according to the temperature of formation, which roughly also correlates with particular mineralising fluids, mineral associations and structural styles. This scheme, proposed by Waldemar Lindgren (193... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Ore genesis-Classification of ore deposits-Telethermal — mineral ore deposits formed at shallow depth and relatively low temperatures, with little or no wall-rock alteration, presumably far from the source of hydrothermal solutions.Ore deposits are usually classified by ore formation processes and geological setting. F... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Ore genesis-Classification of ore deposits-Ore deposits rarely fit neatly into the categories in which geologists wish to place them. Many may be formed by one or more of the basic genesis processes above, creating ambiguous classifications and much argument and conjecture. Often ore deposits are classified after examp... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Ore genesis-Genesis of common ores-As they require the conjunction of specific environmental conditions to form, particular mineral deposit types tend to occupy specific geodynamic niches, therefore, this page has been organised by metal commodity. It is also possible to organise theories the other way, namely accordin... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Ore genesis-Genesis of common ores-Iron Iron ores are overwhelmingly derived from ancient sediments known as banded iron formations (BIFs). These sediments are composed of iron oxide minerals deposited on the sea floor. Particular environmental conditions are needed to transport enough iron in sea water to form these d... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Ore genesis-Genesis of common ores-Lead and zinc deposits are formed by discharge of deep sedimentary brine onto the sea floor (termed sedimentary exhalative or SEDEX), or by replacement of limestone, in skarn deposits, some associated with submarine volcanoes (called volcanogenic massive sulfide ore deposits or VMS), ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Ore genesis-Genesis of common ores-The carbonate replacement type deposit is exemplified by the Mississippi valley type (MVT) ore deposits. MVT and similar styles occur by replacement and degradation of carbonate sequences by hydrocarbons, which are thought important for transporting lead.
Gold Gold deposits are formed... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Ore genesis-Genesis of common ores-Lode gold deposits, also referred to as orogenic gold are generally high-grade, thin, vein and fault hosted. They are primarily made up of quartz veins also known as lodes or reefs, which contain either native gold or gold sulfides and tellurides. Lode gold deposits are usually hosted... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Ore genesis-Genesis of common ores-Lode-gold deposits are intimately associated with orogeny and other plate collision events within geologic history. It is thought that most lode gold deposits are sourced from metamorphic rocks by the dehydration of basalt during metamorphism. The gold is transported up faults by hydr... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Ore genesis-Genesis of common ores-Intrusive related gold (Lang & Baker, 2001) is generally hosted in granites, porphyry, or rarely dikes. Intrusive related gold usually also contains copper, and is often associated with tin and tungsten, and rarely molybdenum, antimony, and uranium. Intrusive-related gold deposits rel... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Ore genesis-Genesis of common ores-Placer deposits are sourced from pre-existing gold deposits and are secondary deposits. Placer deposits are formed by alluvial processes within rivers and streams, and on beaches. Placer gold deposits form via gravity, with the density of gold causing it to sink into trap sites within... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Ore genesis-Genesis of common ores-Placer deposits are often worked by fossicking, and panning for gold is a popular pastime. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Ore genesis-Genesis of common ores-Laterite gold deposits are formed from pre-existing gold deposits (including some placer deposits) during prolonged weathering of the bedrock. Gold is deposited within iron oxides in the weathered rock or regolith, and may be further enriched by reworking by erosion. Some laterite dep... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Ore genesis-Genesis of common ores-A bacterium, Cupriavidus metallidurans plays a vital role in the formation of gold nuggets, by precipitating metallic gold from a solution of gold (III) tetrachloride, a compound highly toxic to most other microorganisms.
Similarly, Delftia acidovorans can form gold nuggets. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
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