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Back-rank checkmate-Introduction-It is often not a good idea to play such pawn moves unless there is a pressing need to do so, as they can not only represent a loss of time, but may also allow enemy penetration around the squares weakened by the pawn advance. In many chess openings, however, they are often played for s... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Back-rank checkmate-Example-One of José Raúl Capablanca's most famous games featured a variety of back-rank threats at the end. It was an exhibition game played in Moscow in 1914 against Ossip Bernstein (Capablanca had the black pieces). The position shown to the right was reached after White's 29th move. Capablanca no... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Back-rank checkmate-Example-Note that had Capablanca played for the back-rank mate more directly with 29...Qb1+ 30.Qf1 Rd1?? (30...Qxa2 would be sensible), he would himself have lost to the back-rank mate 31.Rc8+ Rd8 32.Rxd8#. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nomenclature-Nomenclature-Nomenclature (UK: , US: ) is a system of names or terms, or the rules for forming these terms in a particular field of arts or sciences. The principles of naming vary from the relatively informal conventions of everyday speech to the internationally agreed principles, rules and recommendations... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nomenclature-Nomenclature-Onomastics, the study of proper names and their origins, includes: anthroponymy (concerned with human names, including personal names, surnames and nicknames); toponymy (the study of place names); and etymology (the derivation, history and use of names) as revealed through comparative and desc... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nomenclature-Etymology-The word nomenclature is derived from the Latin nomen ('name'), and calare ('to call'). The Latin term nomenclatura refers to a list of names, as does the word nomenclator, which can also indicate a provider or announcer of names. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nomenclature-Onomastics and nomenclature-The study of proper names is known as onomastics, which has a wide-ranging scope that encompasses all names, languages, and geographical regions, as well as cultural areas.The distinction between onomastics and nomenclature is not readily clear: onomastics is an unfamiliar disci... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nomenclature-Influence of social, political, religious factors-Due to social, political, religious, and cultural motivations, things that are the same may be given different names, while different things may be given the same name; closely related similar things may be considered separate, while on the other hand signi... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nomenclature-Influence of social, political, religious factors-For example, Hindi and Urdu are both closely related, mutually intelligible Hindustani languages (one being sanskritised and the other arabised). However, they are favored as separate languages by Hindus and Muslims respectively, as seen in the context of H... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nomenclature-Cultural nomenclature-Names provide us with a way of structuring and mapping the world in our minds so, in some way, they mirror or represent the objects of our experience. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nomenclature-Cultural nomenclature-Names, words, language, meaning Elucidating the connections between language (especially names and nouns), meaning, and the way we perceive the world has provided a rich field of study for philosophers and linguists. Relevant areas of study include: the distinction between proper name... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nomenclature-Cultural nomenclature-Folk taxonomy Modern scientific taxonomy has been described as "basically a Renaissance codification of folk taxonomic principles." Formal systems of scientific nomenclature and classification are exemplified by biological classification. All classification systems are established for... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nomenclature-Cultural nomenclature-in all languages natural groups of organisms are distinguished (present-day taxa) these groups are arranged into more inclusive groups or ethnobiological categories in all languages there are about five or six ethnobiological categories of graded inclusiveness these groups (ethnobiolo... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nomenclature-Cultural nomenclature-"generic name" — e.g. oak, pine, robin, catfish. This is the most numerous and basic building block of all folk taxonomies, the most frequently referred to, the most important psychologically, and among the first learned by children. These names can usually be associated directly with... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nomenclature-Cultural nomenclature-"varietal name" — e.g. baby lima bean, butter lima bean.In almost all cultures objects are named using one or two words equivalent to 'kind' (genus) and 'particular kind' (species). When made up of two words (a binomial) the name usually consists of a noun (like salt, dog or star) and... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nomenclature-Cultural nomenclature-In keeping with the utilitarian view other authors maintain that ethnotaxonomies resemble more a "complex web of resemblances" than a neat hierarchy. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nomenclature-Names and nouns-A name is a label for any noun: names can identify a class or category of things; or a single thing, either uniquely or within a given context. Names are given, for example, to humans or any other organisms, places, products—as in brand names—and even to ideas or concepts. It is names as no... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nomenclature-Names and nouns-The word name is possibly derived from the Proto-Indo-European language hypothesised word nomn. The distinction between names and nouns, if made at all, is extremely subtle, although clearly noun refers to names as lexical categories and their function within the context of language, rather... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nomenclature-Names and nouns-Personal names Human personal names, also referred to as prosoponyms, are presented, used and categorised in many ways depending on the language and culture. In most cultures (Indonesia is one exception) it is customary for individuals to be given at least two names. In Western culture, the... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nomenclature-Names and nouns-Common names and proper names The distinction between proper names and common names is that proper names denote a unique entity e.g. London Bridge, while common names are used in a more general sense in reference to a class of objects e.g. bridge. Many proper names are obscure in meaning as... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nomenclature-Names and nouns-The capitalization of nouns varies with language and even the particular context: journals often have their own house styles for common names.
-onym nouns Distinctions may be made between particular kinds of names simply by using the suffix -onym, from the Greek ónoma (ὄνομα, 'name'). So we... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nomenclature-Names and nouns-Toponyms Toponyms are proper names given to various geographical features (geonyms), and also to cosmic features (cosmonyms). This could include names of mountains, rivers, seas, villages, towns, cities, countries, planets, stars etc. Toponymy can be further divided into specialist branches... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nomenclature-Scientific nomenclature-Nomenclature, classification, identification In a strictly scientific sense, nomenclature is regarded as a part of taxonomy (though distinct from it). Moreover, the precision demanded by science in the accurate naming of objects in the natural world has resulted in a variety of code... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nomenclature-Scientific nomenclature-Taxonomy can be defined as the study of classification including its principles, procedures and rules,: 8 while classification itself is the ordering of taxa (the objects of classification) into groups based on similarities or differences. Doing taxonomy entails identifying, descri... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nomenclature-Scientific nomenclature-Identification determines whether a particular organism matches a taxon that has already been classified and named – so classification must precede identification. This procedure is sometimes referred to as determination.: 5 Biology Although Linnaeus' system of binomial nomenclature... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nomenclature-Scientific nomenclature-International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants International Code of Zoological Nomenclature Virus nomenclature – used in Virus classification Enzyme nomenclat... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nomenclature-Scientific nomenclature-Astronomy Over the last few hundred years, the number of identified astronomical objects has risen from hundreds to over a billion, and more are discovered every year. Astronomers need universal systematic designations to unambiguously identify all of these objects using astronomica... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nomenclature-Scientific nomenclature-Planetary nomenclature Meteorite nomenclature International Astronomical Union Chemistry The IUPAC nomenclature is a system of naming chemical compounds and for describing the science of chemistry in general. It is maintained by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nomenclature-Scientific nomenclature-the Green Book, contains recommendations for the use of symbols for physical quantities (in association with the IUPAP) the Gold Book, defines a large number of technical terms used in chemistry.Similar compendia exist for biochemistry (in association with the IUBMB), analytical che... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nomenclature-Scientific nomenclature-Other sciences Metallurgy: the classic English translation of De re metallica includes an appendix (Appendix C) detailing problems of nomenclature in weights and measures.
Physics: symbols, units and nomenclature.
Archaeology: typology and archaeological record | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nomenclature-Sources-Keats-Rohan, Katharine, ed. (2007). Prosopography Approaches and Applications: A Handbook. Oxford: Unit for Prosopographical Research. ISBN 9781900934121.
Room, Adrian (1996). An Alphabetical Guide to the Language of Name Studies. Lanham and London: The Scarecrow Press. ISBN 9780810831698. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wave propagation-Wave propagation-In physics, mathematics, engineering, and related fields, a wave is a propagating dynamic disturbance (change from equilibrium) of one or more quantities. Waves can be periodic, in which case those quantities oscillate repeatedly about an equilibrium (resting) value at some frequency. ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wave propagation-Wave propagation-Other types of waves include gravitational waves, which are disturbances in spacetime that propagate according to general relativity; heat diffusion waves; plasma waves that combine mechanical deformations and electromagnetic fields; reaction–diffusion waves, such as in the Belousov–Zh... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wave propagation-Wave propagation-A physical wave field is almost always confined to some finite region of space, called its domain. For example, the seismic waves generated by earthquakes are significant only in the interior and surface of the planet, so they can be ignored outside it. However, waves with infinite dom... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wave propagation-Wave propagation-A plane wave is an important mathematical idealization where the disturbance is identical along any (infinite) plane normal to a specific direction of travel. Mathematically, the simplest wave is a sinusoidal plane wave in which at any point the field experiences simple harmonic motion... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wave propagation-Mathematical description-Single waves A wave can be described just like a field, namely as a function F(x,t) where x is a position and t is a time. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wave propagation-Mathematical description-The value of x is a point of space, specifically in the region where the wave is defined. In mathematical terms, it is usually a vector in the Cartesian three-dimensional space R3 . However, in many cases one can ignore one dimension, and let x be a point of the Cartesian pl... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wave propagation-Mathematical description-The value of F(x,t) can be any physical quantity of interest assigned to the point x that may vary with time. For example, if F represents the vibrations inside an elastic solid, the value of F(x,t) is usually a vector that gives the current displacement from x of the mate... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wave propagation-Mathematical description-For any dimension d (1, 2, or 3), the wave's domain is then a subset D of Rd , such that the function value F(x,t) is defined for any point x in D . For example, when describing the motion of a drum skin, one can consider D to be a disk (circle) on the plane R2 with cen... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wave propagation-Mathematical description-Wave spectrum Wave families Sometimes one is interested in a single specific wave. More often, however, one needs to understand large set of possible waves; like all the ways that a drum skin can vibrate after being struck once with a drum stick, or all the possible radar echos... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wave propagation-Mathematical description-In some of those situations, one may describe such a family of waves by a function F(A,B,…;x,t) that depends on certain parameters A,B,… , besides x and t . Then one can obtain different waves — that is, different functions of x and t — by choosing different values for th... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wave propagation-Mathematical description-For example, the sound pressure inside a recorder that is playing a "pure" note is typically a standing wave, that can be written as cos cos 2πct2n−14L) The parameter A defines the amplitude of the wave (that is, the maximum sound pressure in the bore, which is related to the... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wave propagation-Mathematical description-As another example, it may be that the vibrations of a drum skin after a single strike depend only on the distance r from the center of the skin to the strike point, and on the strength s of the strike. Then the vibration for all possible strikes can be described by a functio... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wave propagation-Mathematical description-This approach is extremely important in physics, because the constraints usually are a consequence of the physical processes that cause the wave to evolve. For example, if F(x,t) is the temperature inside a block of some homogeneous and isotropic solid material, its evolution ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wave propagation-Mathematical description-For another example, we can describe all possible sounds echoing within a container of gas by a function F(x,t) that gives the pressure at a point x and time t within that container. If the gas was initially at uniform temperature and composition, the evolution of F is cons... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wave propagation-Wave in elastic medium-Consider a traveling transverse wave (which may be a pulse) on a string (the medium). Consider the string to have a single spatial dimension. Consider this wave as traveling in the x direction in space. For example, let the positive x direction be to the right, and the negative... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wave propagation-Wave in elastic medium-Wave forms The form or shape of F in d'Alembert's formula involves the argument x − vt. Constant values of this argument correspond to constant values of F, and these constant values occur if x increases at the same rate that vt increases. That is, the wave shaped like the functi... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wave propagation-Wave in elastic medium-Amplitude and modulation The amplitude of a wave may be constant (in which case the wave is a c.w. or continuous wave), or may be modulated so as to vary with time and/or position. The outline of the variation in amplitude is called the envelope of the wave. Mathematically, the m... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wave propagation-Wave in elastic medium-Phase velocity and group velocity There are two velocities that are associated with waves, the phase velocity and the group velocity.
Phase velocity is the rate at which the phase of the wave propagates in space: any given phase of the wave (for example, the crest) will appear to... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wave propagation-Special waves-Sine waves Plane waves A plane wave is a kind of wave whose value varies only in one spatial direction. That is, its value is constant on a plane that is perpendicular to that direction. Plane waves can be specified by a vector of unit length n^ indicating the direction that the wave var... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wave propagation-Special waves-Plane waves are often used to model electromagnetic waves far from a source. For electromagnetic plane waves, the electric and magnetic fields themselves are transverse to the direction of propagation, and also perpendicular to each other.
Standing waves A standing wave, also known as a s... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wave propagation-Special waves-The sum of two counter-propagating waves (of equal amplitude and frequency) creates a standing wave. Standing waves commonly arise when a boundary blocks further propagation of the wave, thus causing wave reflection, and therefore introducing a counter-propagating wave. For example, when ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wave propagation-Special waves-Solitary waves A soliton or solitary wave is a self-reinforcing wave packet that maintains its shape while it propagates at a constant velocity. Solitons are caused by a cancellation of nonlinear and dispersive effects in the medium. (Dispersive effects are a property of certain systems w... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wave propagation-Physical properties-Propagation Wave propagation is any of the ways in which waves travel. Single wave propagation can be calculated by second-order wave equation (standing wavefield) or first-order one-way wave equation.
With respect to the direction of the oscillation relative to the propagation dire... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wave propagation-Physical properties-Reflection of plane waves in a half-space The propagation and reflection of plane waves—e.g. Pressure waves (P-wave) or Shear waves (SH or SV-waves) are phenomena that were first characterized within the field of classical seismology, and are now considered fundamental concepts in m... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wave propagation-Physical properties-SV wave propagation The analytical solution of SV-wave in a half-space indicates that the plane SV wave reflects back to the domain as a P and SV waves, leaving out special cases. The angle of the reflected SV wave is identical to the incidence wave, while the angle of the reflected... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wave propagation-Physical properties-P wave propagation Similar to the SV wave, the P incidence, in general, reflects as the P and SV wave. There are some special cases where the regime is different. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wave propagation-Physical properties-Wave velocity Wave velocity is a general concept, of various kinds of wave velocities, for a wave's phase and speed concerning energy (and information) propagation. The phase velocity is given as: where: vp is the phase velocity (in meters per second, m/s), ω is the angular frequenc... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wave propagation-Physical properties-The speed at which a resultant wave packet from a narrow range of frequencies will travel is called the group velocity and is determined from the gradient of the dispersion relation: In almost all cases, a wave is mainly a movement of energy through a medium. Most often, the group v... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wave propagation-Physical properties-Waves exhibit common behaviors under a number of standard situations, for example: Transmission and media Waves normally move in a straight line (that is, rectilinearly) through a transmission medium. Such media can be classified into one or more of the following categories: A bound... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wave propagation-Physical properties-Reflection When a wave strikes a reflective surface, it changes direction, such that the angle made by the incident wave and line normal to the surface equals the angle made by the reflected wave and the same normal line. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wave propagation-Physical properties-Refraction Refraction is the phenomenon of a wave changing its speed. Mathematically, this means that the size of the phase velocity changes. Typically, refraction occurs when a wave passes from one medium into another. The amount by which a wave is refracted by a material is given ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wave propagation-Physical properties-Diffraction A wave exhibits diffraction when it encounters an obstacle that bends the wave or when it spreads after emerging from an opening. Diffraction effects are more pronounced when the size of the obstacle or opening is comparable to the wavelength of the wave. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wave propagation-Physical properties-Interference When waves in a linear medium (the usual case) cross each other in a region of space, they do not actually interact with each other, but continue on as if the other one weren't present. However at any point in that region the field quantities describing those waves add ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wave propagation-Physical properties-Polarization The phenomenon of polarization arises when wave motion can occur simultaneously in two orthogonal directions. Transverse waves can be polarized, for instance. When polarization is used as a descriptor without qualification, it usually refers to the special, simple case ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wave propagation-Physical properties-Longitudinal waves, such as sound waves, do not exhibit polarization. For these waves there is only one direction of oscillation, that is, along the direction of travel.
Dispersion A wave undergoes dispersion when either the phase velocity or the group velocity depends on the wave f... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wave propagation-Mechanical waves-A mechanical wave is an oscillation of matter, and therefore transfers energy through a medium. While waves can move over long distances, the movement of the medium of transmission—the material—is limited. Therefore, the oscillating material does not move far from its initial position.... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wave propagation-Mechanical waves-Waves on strings The transverse vibration of a string is a function of tension and inertia, and is constrained by the length of the string as the ends are fixed. This constraint limits the steady state modes that are possible, and thereby the frequencies.
The speed of a transverse wave... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wave propagation-Mechanical waves-Body waves Body waves travel through the interior of the medium along paths controlled by the material properties in terms of density and modulus (stiffness). The density and modulus, in turn, vary according to temperature, composition, and material phase. This effect resembles the ref... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wave propagation-Mechanical waves-Seismic waves Seismic waves are waves of energy that travel through the Earth's layers, and are a result of earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, magma movement, large landslides and large man-made explosions that give out low-frequency acoustic energy. They include body waves – the primary... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wave propagation-Mechanical waves-Shear waves Shear waves are body waves due to shear rigidity and inertia. They can only be transmitted through solids and to a lesser extent through liquids with a sufficiently high viscosity.
Other Waves of traffic, that is, propagation of different densities of motor vehicles, and so... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wave propagation-Electromagnetic waves-An electromagnetic wave consists of two waves that are oscillations of the electric and magnetic fields. An electromagnetic wave travels in a direction that is at right angles to the oscillation direction of both fields. In the 19th century, James Clerk Maxwell showed that, in vac... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wave propagation-Quantum mechanical waves-Schrödinger equation The Schrödinger equation describes the wave-like behavior of particles in quantum mechanics. Solutions of this equation are wave functions which can be used to describe the probability density of a particle. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wave propagation-Quantum mechanical waves-Dirac equation The Dirac equation is a relativistic wave equation detailing electromagnetic interactions. Dirac waves accounted for the fine details of the hydrogen spectrum in a completely rigorous way. The wave equation also implied the existence of a new form of matter, anti... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wave propagation-Quantum mechanical waves-de Broglie waves Louis de Broglie postulated that all particles with momentum have a wavelength λ=hp, where h is Planck's constant, and p is the magnitude of the momentum of the particle. This hypothesis was at the basis of quantum mechanics. Nowadays, this wavelength is called... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wave propagation-Quantum mechanical waves-A wave representing such a particle traveling in the k-direction is expressed by the wave function as follows: ψ(r,t=0)=Aeik⋅r, where the wavelength is determined by the wave vector k as: λ=2πk, and the momentum by: p=ℏk. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wave propagation-Quantum mechanical waves-However, a wave like this with definite wavelength is not localized in space, and so cannot represent a particle localized in space. To localize a particle, de Broglie proposed a superposition of different wavelengths ranging around a central value in a wave packet, a waveform ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wave propagation-Quantum mechanical waves-In representing the wave function of a localized particle, the wave packet is often taken to have a Gaussian shape and is called a Gaussian wave packet. Gaussian wave packets also are used to analyze water waves.For example, a Gaussian wavefunction ψ might take the form: exp (... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wave propagation-Quantum mechanical waves-The Gaussian in space therefore is made up of waves: f(x)=12π∫−∞∞f~(k)eikxdk; that is, a number of waves of wavelengths λ such that kλ = 2 π.
The parameter σ decides the spatial spread of the Gaussian along the x-axis, while the Fourier transform shows a spread in wave vector k... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wave propagation-Gravity waves-Gravity waves are waves generated in a fluid medium or at the interface between two media when the force of gravity or buoyancy works to restore equilibrium. Surface waves on water are the most familiar example. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wave propagation-Gravitational waves-Gravitational waves also travel through space. The first observation of gravitational waves was announced on 11 February 2016.
Gravitational waves are disturbances in the curvature of spacetime, predicted by Einstein's theory of general relativity. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Smart Keyboard-Smart Keyboard-Apple Inc. has designed and developed many external keyboard models for use with families of Apple computers, such as the Apple II, Mac, and iPad. The Magic Keyboard and Magic Keyboard with Numeric Keypad designed to be used via either Bluetooth and USB connectivity, and have integrated re... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Smart Keyboard-Layout and features-To serve the functionality of the Macintosh operating systems (and because of historical differences), the Apple Keyboard's layout differs somewhat from that of the ubiquitous IBM PC keyboard, mainly in its modifier and special keys. Some of these keys have unique symbols defined in t... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Smart Keyboard-Layout and features-The "open" (hollow) and separate "closed" (solid) Apple logo keys on the Apple II series, served functions similar to that of the Command key. The open-Apple key was combined with the Command key on Apple Desktop Bus keyboards (which were used on both the Apple IIgs and several years ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Smart Keyboard-Layout and features-The Option key (⌥), for entering diacritics and other special characters. Like the Shift and Control keys, the Option key serves as a modifier for the Command key shortcuts, as well as being used to type many special characters. It serves the function of the solid-Apple key in Apple I... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Smart Keyboard-Layout and features-Full-sized desktop keyboards with a dedicated numpad have function keys that can range up to F15, F16, or F19. F17-F19 keys were introduced with the aluminium USB keyboard. Compact keyboards such as the bluetooth wireless aluminium keyboard and the built-in keyboards on all Intel-base... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Smart Keyboard-Layout and features-Notebook computers typically include additional assignments shared with function keys: reduce and increase brightness, volume up, volume down, mute, and eject (⏏). Apple, since the release of the Pro Keyboard, provides these last four keys on desktop keyboards above the numeric keypad... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Smart Keyboard-Layout and features-On Apple Desktop Bus keyboards, a power key (◁), used to turn on computers that supported it (and to type the Mac three-finger salute). On keyboards with function keys, it was placed either on the left or right edge of the same keyboard row as the function keys; on keyboards without f... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Smart Keyboard-Layout and features-On the Apple IIGS, this key, used in conjunction with the control key, is reset. Used in conjunction with the open Apple key, reset reboots the computer. Various other reset key combinations do various other things.
The Apple UK keyboard layout has the @ and " keys in their US locatio... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Smart Keyboard-Current keyboards-Magic Keyboard (2nd generation) The Magic Keyboard is Apple's current design of external keyboards designed for use with Mac computers. It can use either wireless Bluetooth connectivity, or a wired connection via a USB to Lightning cable. It utilizes scissor-switch key mechanisms, and c... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Smart Keyboard-Current keyboards-A2449 Magic Keyboard with Touch ID: 77 keysMay 2021: Bundled / optional upgrade with M1 iMac in any of seven colors: silver, pink, blue, green, purple, orange, or yellow August 2021: Standalone ($149) (MK293LL/A EMC 3579): Silver A2450 Magic Keyboard: 78 keysMay 2021 (MK2A3LL/A $99 EMC ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Smart Keyboard-Current keyboards-Magic Keyboard for iPad On March 18, 2020, the Magic Keyboard was announced alongside the introduction of mouse cursor support for iPadOS 13, and includes a trackpad and front-and-back protection, as a more capable alternative to the Smart Keyboard. Like the Smart Keyboard, it uses the ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Smart Keyboard-Discontinued keyboards-Apple Numeric Keypad IIe (A2M2003) The Numeric Keypad IIe was Apple's first external keypad. Released as an option specifically for the popular Apple IIe computer in 1983, it helped correct some of the II series' shortcomings. Later, the Platinum IIe would incorporate the numeric k... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Smart Keyboard-Discontinued keyboards-Lisa Keyboard (A6MB101) The first keyboard not to be integrated into the case like the Apple II and III series before it. It was designed for and came with the Apple Lisa. Like the Apple III before it, it was intended to be a business computer and included an integrated numeric key... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Smart Keyboard-Discontinued keyboards-Macintosh Keyboard (M0110) Introduced and included with the original Macintosh in 1984, it debuted with neither arrow keys to control the cursor nor an integrated numeric keypad. It used a telephone cord-style RJ-11 connector to the case (also used with the Amstrad PCW series of co... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Smart Keyboard-Discontinued keyboards-Macintosh Numeric Keypad (M0120 and M0120P) Like the Apple IIe before it, the Macintosh provided an optional external keypad which also included arrow keys that daisy chained to the computer via the telephone-cord connectors. Though introduced with the Macintosh in January 1984, Ap... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Smart Keyboard-Discontinued keyboards-Macintosh Plus Keyboard (M0110A) Introduced and included with the Macintosh Plus in 1986, it was an extended keyboard that had a built-in numeric keypad. In 1987 it was updated to Apple's new Platinum gray color. It continued to use the telephone-cord style connector to the system ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Smart Keyboard-Discontinued keyboards-Apple Desktop Bus Keyboard (A9M0330) This was the first Apple keyboard to use the new Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) connector first seen on the Apple IIGS. Designed to be compatible with both the Macintosh and Apple product lines, it was the first to combine both the Macintosh command ke... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Smart Keyboard-Discontinued keyboards-Apple (Standard) Keyboard (M0116) Also known as the Apple Standard Keyboard, it was the first to officially use this name. Apple would later reuse the name for a series of successive keyboards. The Apple Keyboard was a more solid version of the Apple Desktop Bus Keyboard and option... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Smart Keyboard-Discontinued keyboards-Apple Extended Keyboard (M0115) Apple's advanced keyboard, the first to be sold optionally, was essentially a redesigned version of the Apple Keyboard, with an enhanced extended keyboard with FKeys and other PC-style keys. It included template guides above the top row of function k... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
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