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Smart Keyboard-Discontinued keyboards-Apple Keyboard II (M0487) Introduced and sold with the Macintosh Classic and LC in 1990, this keyboard was almost identical to the original ADB Keyboard, but included flip-down feet to change the typing angle and a design change that gave the frame and keys a more streamlined appea... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Smart Keyboard-Discontinued keyboards-Apple Extended Keyboard II (M0312 and M3501) A minor update to the Apple Extended Keyboard to coincide with the release of the Macintosh IIsi in 1990, it added an adjustable height feature. Model M0312 was manufactured with the classic Alps mechanisms, while model M3501 was manufac... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Smart Keyboard-Discontinued keyboards-Newton Keyboard (X0044) In the mid-1990s Apple released the Apple Newton sub-mini keyboard to allow a quick input alternative to the Newton's handwriting recognition, which required extensive training to become useful. It connected via the Newton's serial interface. Many Mac users ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Smart Keyboard-Discontinued keyboards-AppleDesign Keyboard (M2980) This was the first major redesign of the Apple keyboard, featuring more fluid, curving lines to match the look of the new Apple product style. It was an unpopular replacement for the Apple Extended Keyboard II in 1994. Significantly lighter than its pre... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Smart Keyboard-Discontinued keyboards-Twentieth Anniversary Macintosh Keyboard (M3459) Bundled with the Twentieth Anniversary Macintosh in 1997, this keyboard once again excluded an integrated keypad, though unlike the Adjustable Keyboard none was offered. Based on a PowerBook form factor it also included an optional b... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Smart Keyboard-Discontinued keyboards-Apple USB Keyboard (M2452) Released and sold with the iMac in 1998 this became the new standard for all Macintosh models for the next two years. It was the first to use translucent plastics, first in Bondi blue, then in a darker gray called "Graphite" for the PowerMac G4 line and f... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Smart Keyboard-Discontinued keyboards-Apple Pro Keyboard (M7803) (M7803, 109 black keys) Originally introduced as the Apple Pro Keyboard in 2000, but discontinued three years later, this keyboard reintroduced the additional extended function keys last seen in the Apple Design Keyboard and debuted in a clear case with b... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Smart Keyboard-Discontinued keyboards-(M7803, 109 white keys, iMac G4) A version with white keys was introduced in 2002 alongside the iMac G4. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Smart Keyboard-Discontinued keyboards-Apple Keyboard (109 and 78 keys) (A1048, white, 109 keys, USB 1.1 and USB 2.0) In May 2003, the keyboard underwent a major redesign which eliminated the frame enclosing the keys while adding an F16 key and moving the USB ports to the back. This revision also renamed the device as j... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Smart Keyboard-Discontinued keyboards-(A1243, aluminium, 109 keys, MB110LL/A and MB110LL/B) The Apple Keyboard introduced in 2007, has a solid aluminum enclosure, as does the similarly styled Apple Wireless Keyboard. This same keyboard is also the first of Apple's keyboards in 27 years to omit the long-enduring Apple l... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Smart Keyboard-Discontinued keyboards-(A1242, aluminium, 78 keys, iMac) Early 2009 iMac revisions shipped with a new version of the wired keyboard, which omitted the numeric pad, similar to its wireless counterpart. The full keyboard with numeric pad remained available as a build-to-order option for an extra charge, an... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Smart Keyboard-Discontinued keyboards-(A1314, aluminium, 78 keys, Bluetooth 2.0, MC184LL/A and MC184LL/B) On October 20, 2009, the aluminum model was updated (MC184LL/A) so that only two AA batteries are needed instead of three; two changes occurred in the physical appearance: firstly, the placement of the plastic wind... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Smart Keyboard-Discontinued keyboards-Magic Keyboard (1st generation) A1644 Magic Keyboard: 78 keysOctober 13, 2015 – May 2021: MLA22LL/A (EMC 2815) $99; SilverReleased for OS X El Capitan and later. It has a built-in rechargeable Lithium-ion battery with a Lightning connector for charging and an on/off switch.
A1843 M... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Weighted-average life-Weighted-average life-In finance, the weighted-average life (WAL) of an amortizing loan or amortizing bond, also called average life, is the weighted average of the times of the principal repayments: it's the average time until a dollar of principal is repaid. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Weighted-average life-Weighted-average life-In a formula, WAL =∑i=1nPiPti, where: P is the (total) principal, Pi is the principal repayment that is included in payment i , hence PiP is the fraction of the total principal that is included in payment i , and ti is the time (in years) from the calculation date to paymen... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Weighted-average life-WAL of classes of loans-In loans that allow prepayment, the WAL cannot be computed from the amortization schedule alone; one must also make assumptions about the prepayment and default behavior, and the quoted WAL will be an estimate. The WAL is usually computed from a single cash-flow sequence. O... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Weighted-average life-Related concepts-WAL should not be confused with the following distinct concepts: Bond duration Bond duration is the weighted-average time to receive the discounted present values of all the cash flows (including both principal and interest), while WAL is the weighted-average time to receive simpl... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Weighted-average life-Related concepts-Time until 50% of the principal has been repaid WAL is a mean, while "50% of the principal repaid" is a median; see difference between mean and median. Since principal outstanding is a concave function (of time) for a flat payment amortizing loan, less than half the principal will... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Weighted-average life-Related concepts-Weighted-average maturity (WAM) WAM is an average of the maturity dates of multiple loans, not an average of principal repayments. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Weighted-average life-Applications-WAL is a measure that can be useful in credit risk analysis on fixed income securities, bearing in mind that the main credit risk of a loan is the risk of loss of principal. All else equal, a bond with principal outstanding longer (i.e., longer WAL) has greater credit risk than a bond... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Weighted-average life-Applications-WAL should not be used to estimate a bond's price-sensitivity to interest-rate fluctuations, as WAL includes only the principal cash flows, omitting the interest payments. Instead, one should use bond duration, which incorporates all the cash flows. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Weighted-average life-Examples-The WAL of a bullet loan (non-amortizing) is exactly the tenor, as the principal is repaid precisely at maturity. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Weighted-average life-Examples-On a 30-year amortizing loan, paying equal amounts monthly, one has the following WALs, for the given annual interest rates (and corresponding monthly payments per $100,000 principal balance, calculated via an amortization calculator and the formulas below relating amortized payments, tot... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Weighted-average life-Examples-For a coupon of 0%, where the principal amortizes linearly, the WAL is exactly half the tenor plus half a payment period, because principal is repaid in arrears (at the end of the period). So for a 30-year 0% loan, paying monthly, the WAL is 15 24 15.04 years. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Weighted-average life-Total Interest-WAL allows one to easily compute the total interest payments, given by: WAL ×r×P, where r is the annual interest rate and P is the initial principal. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Weighted-average life-Total Interest-This can be understood intuitively as: "The average dollar of principal is outstanding for the WAL, hence the interest on the average dollar is WAL ×r , and now one multiplies by the principal to get total interest payments." Proof More rigorously, one can derive the result as foll... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Weighted-average life-Total Interest-Then: WAL WAL 12 WAL 12 12 ∑i=1niPi Total interest is 12 12 ∑i=1nQi, where Qi is the principal outstanding at the beginning of period i (it's the principal on which the i interest payment is based). The statement reduces to showing that ∑i=1niPi=∑i=1nQi . Both of these quantities ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Weighted-average life-Total Interest-Working backwards, Qn=Pn,Qn−1=Pn+Pn−1 , and so forth: the principal outstanding when k periods remain is exactly the sum of the next k principal payments. The principal paid off by the last (nth) principal payment is outstanding for all n periods, while the principal paid off by th... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Weighted-average life-Total Interest-For instance, if the principal amortized as $100, $80, $50 (with paydowns of $20, $30, $50), then the sum would on the one hand be 20 30 50 230 , and on the other hand would be 100 80 50 230 . This is demonstrated in the following table, which shows the amortization schedule, brok... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Weighted-average life-Notes and references-Fabozzi, Frank J. (2000), The handbook of fixed income securities, ISBN 0-87094-985-3 | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Education for Chemical Engineers-Education for Chemical Engineers-Education for Chemical Engineers is a peer-reviewed academic journal published quarterly by Elsevier on behalf of the Institution of Chemical Engineers. The journal's scope covers all aspects of chemical engineering education. The journal was established... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Education for Chemical Engineers-Abstracting and indexing-The journal is abstracted and indexed in EBSCOHost, Gale Database of Publications & Broadcast Media, and Scopus. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
DOGMA-DOGMA-DOGMA, short for Developing Ontology-Grounded Methods and Applications, is the name of research project in progress at Vrije Universiteit Brussel's STARLab, Semantics Technology and Applications Research Laboratory. It is an internally funded project, concerned with the more general aspects of extracting, s... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
DOGMA-Methodological Root-DOGMA, as a dialect of the fact-based modeling approach, has its root in database semantics and model theory. It adheres to the fact-based information management methodology towards Conceptualization and 100% principle of ISO TR9007.
The DOGMA methodological principles include: Data independen... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
DOGMA-Technical introduction-DOGMA is an ontology approach and framework that is not restricted to a particular representation language. This approach has some distinguishing characteristics that make it different from traditional ontology approaches such as (i) its groundings in the linguistic representations of knowl... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
DOGMA-Language versus conceptual level-Another distinguishing characteristic of DOGMA is the explicit duality (orthogonal to double articulation) in interpretation between the language level and conceptual level. The goal of this separation is primarily to disambiguate the lexical representation of terms in a lexon (on... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
DOGMA-Ontology evolution-Ontologies naturally co-evolve with their communities of use. Therefore, in De Leenheer (2007) he identified a set of primitive operators for changing ontologies. We make sure these change primitives are conditional, which means that their applicability depends on pre- and post-conditions. Doin... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
DOGMA-Context dependency types-De Leenheer and de Moor (2005) distinguished four key characteristics of context: a context packages related knowledge: it defines part of the knowledge of a particular domain, it disambiguates the lexical representation of concepts and relationships by distinguishing between language le... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Dehydrogenation-Dehydrogenation-In chemistry, dehydrogenation is a chemical reaction that involves the removal of hydrogen, usually from an organic molecule. It is the reverse of hydrogenation. Dehydrogenation is important, both as a useful reaction and a serious problem. At its simplest, it is useful way of converting... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Dehydrogenation-Heterogeneous catalytic routes-Styrene Dehydrogenation processes are used extensively to produce aromatics in the petrochemical industry. Such processes are highly endothermic and require temperatures of 500 °C and above. Dehydrogenation also converts saturated fats to unsaturated fats. One of the large... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Dehydrogenation-Heterogeneous catalytic routes-CH CH CH CH 2+H2 Other alkenes The importance of catalytic dehydrogenation of paraffin hydrocarbons to olefins has been growing steadily in recent years. Light olefins, such as butenes, are important raw materials for the synthesis of polymers, gasoline additives and vario... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Dehydrogenation-Heterogeneous catalytic routes-Formaldehyde Formaldehyde is produced industrially by the catalytic oxidation of methanol, which can also be viewed as a dehydrogenation using O2 as the acceptor. The most common catalysts are silver metal, iron(III) oxide, iron molybdenum oxides [e.g. iron(III) molybdate]... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Dehydrogenation-Homogeneous catalytic routes-A variety of dehydrogenation processes have been described for organic compounds. These dehydrogenation is of interest in the synthesis of fine organic chemicals. Such reactions often rely on transition metal catalysts. Dehydrogenation of unfunctionalized alkanes can be effe... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Dehydrogenation-Stoichiometric processes-Dehydrogenation of amines to nitriles using a variety of reagents, such as Iodine pentafluoride (IF5).
In typical aromatization, six-membered alicyclic rings, e.g. cyclohexene, can be aromatized in the presence of hydrogenation acceptors. The elements sulfur and selenium promote... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Dehydrogenation-Main group hydrides-The dehydrogenative coupling of silanes has also been developed.
PhSiH PhSiH ]n+nH2 The dehydrogenation of amine-boranes is related reaction. This process once gained interests for its potential for hydrogen storage. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Genital papilla-Genital papilla-The genital papilla is an anatomical feature of the external genitalia of some animals. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Genital papilla-In mammals-In mammals, the genital papilla is a part of female external genitalia not present in humans, which appears as a small, fleshy flab of tissue. The papilla covers the opening of the vagina. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Genital papilla-In fish-In fish, the genital papilla is a small, fleshy tube behind the anus present in some fishes, from which the sperm or eggs are released; the sex of a fish often can be determined by the shape of its papilla. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Replacement product-Replacement product-In graph theory, the replacement product of two graphs is a graph product that can be used to reduce the degree of a graph while maintaining its connectivity.Suppose G is a d-regular graph and H is an e-regular graph with vertex set {0, …, d – 1}. Let R denote the replacement pro... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Replacement product-Replacement product-If H is an e-regular graph, then R is an (e + 1)-regular graph. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Neutralino-Neutralino-In supersymmetry, the neutralino: 71–74 is a hypothetical particle. In the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM), a popular model of realization of supersymmetry at a low energy, there are four neutralinos that are fermions and are electrically neutral, the lightest of which is stable in a... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Neutralino-Neutralino-(In this article, C͂±1 is used for chargino #1, etc.) These four states are composites of the bino and the neutral wino (which are the neutral electroweak gauginos), and the neutral higgsinos. As the neutralinos are Majorana fermions, each of them is identical to its antiparticle. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Neutralino-Expected behavior-If they exist, these particles would only interact with the weak vector bosons, so they would not be directly produced at hadron colliders in copious numbers. They would primarily appear as particles in cascade decays (decays that happen in multiple steps) of heavier particles usually origi... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Neutralino-Origins in supersymmetric theories-In supersymmetry models, all Standard Model particles have partner particles with the same quantum numbers except for the quantum number spin, which differs by 1⁄2 from its partner particle. Since the superpartners of the Z boson (zino), the photon (photino) and the neutral... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Neutralino-Phenomenology-The exact properties of each neutralino will depend on the details of the mixing: 71–74 (e.g. whether they are more higgsino-like or gaugino-like), but they tend to have masses at the weak scale (100 GeV ~ 1 TeV) and couple to other particles with strengths characteristic of the weak interacti... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Neutralino-Phenomenology-In models in which R-parity is conserved and the lightest of the four neutralinos is the LSP, the lightest neutralino is stable and is eventually produced in the decay chain of all other superpartners.: 83 In such cases supersymmetric processes at accelerators are characterized by the expectat... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Neutralino-Phenomenology-This is an important signature to discriminate supersymmetry from Standard Model backgrounds. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Neutralino-Relationship to dark matter-As a heavy, stable particle, the lightest neutralino is an excellent candidate to form the universe's cold dark matter.: 99 : 8 In many models the lightest neutralino can be produced thermally in the hot early universe and leave approximately the right relic abundance to account ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Interoceptive exposure-Interoceptive exposure-Interoceptive exposure is a cognitive behavioral therapy technique used in the treatment of panic disorder. It refers to carrying out exercises that bring about the physical sensations of a panic attack, such as hyperventilation and high muscle tension, and in the process r... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Interoceptive exposure-Description-By removing the fear of a panic attack happening whenever the person is exposed to a stimulus that has become a precursor to the attack, interoceptive exposure lessens the occurrences of attacks in patients who have received treatment. In short, interoceptive exposure seeks to remove ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Interoceptive exposure-History-Behavioral therapy began primarily between 1950 and 1970 by researchers in the United States, United Kingdom, and South Africa. Joseph Wolpe pioneered the method of systematic desensitization, which started the search for fear reduction techniques. Reiss and McNally developed an expectanc... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Interoceptive exposure-Specific applications-Post traumatic stress disorder and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, conditions commonly comorbid with Panic Disorder, can be treated using interoceptive exposures. IE has been shown to reduce Anxiety Sensitivity, the main characteristic of those with Panic Disorder, wh... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Interoceptive exposure-Post traumatic stress disorder-It is postulated that IE helps those with PTSD because many of the exercises serve as reminders of the individual's traumatic experiences. IE creates high anxiety reactions for those with PTSD and reduces their anxiety sensitivity for future encounters to the trauma... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Interoceptive exposure-Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-Panic disorder has been found to commonly co-occur with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD is a serious lung disease that involves restriction of airways from chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema. Research suggests that IE breathing exercises a... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Interoceptive exposure-Anxiety sensitivity-Researchers reported high degrees of anxiety sensitivity in patients with GAD, social phobia, and panic disorder. This led researchers to believe that there may be alternative treatment options involving IE therapy that would benefit these individuals. For example, for those w... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Interoceptive exposure-Implementation differences-Treatment manuals for IE are not consistent in how the therapy should be implemented. Despite minimal reports of adverse outcomes due to IE from both patients and therapists, therapists have been cautious when applying interoceptive exposure and have tended to implement... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Kenko (company)-Kenko (company)-Kenko Co., Ltd. (株式会社ケンコー, Kabushiki-gaisha Kenkō) is a Japanese manufacturer and trading company of photographic accessories, especially known for its teleconverters and filters. Located in Tokyo, it has been producing conversion lenses since the 1960s. It produces camera lenses under t... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Kenko (company)-Lenses-For current Kenko teleconverters and lens extension rings see List of Nikon compatible lenses with integrated autofocus-motor (note that Canon EF versions also exist). | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Elements CRM iOS-Elements CRM iOS-Elements CRM iOS is a Mac Customer Relationship Management (Mac CRM) solution built by Ntractive for Apple business using Apple devices. Offered as a Cloud computing subscription-based service, Elements CRM iOS is a universal mobile app for the iPhone and iPad. Elements CRM iOS is an a... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Elements CRM iOS-History-Ntractive Ntractive is a privately held software development company based in Grand Forks, North Dakota that markets business software to small to medium-sized companies. Established in 2006, the company's sole product is Elements CRM, a customer relationship management application aimed at sma... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Elements CRM iOS-Methodology-Mac CRM Mac Customer Relationship Management (Mac CRM) is an approach to managing a company's interaction with current and future customers on Apple Inc Desktop computers and iOS devices only. Mac CRM solutions are not web-based only applications that use a web browser for interaction. Inst... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Type Allocation Code-Type Allocation Code-The Type Allocation Code (TAC) is the initial eight-digit portion of the 15-digit IMEI and 16-digit IMEISV codes used to uniquely identify wireless devices.
The Type Allocation Code identifies a particular model (and often revision) of wireless telephone for use on a GSM, UMTS ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Type Allocation Code-Type Allocation Code-Effective on that date, many GSM member nations and entities (mainly Europe) moved away from requiring that devices be approved by national bodies, and towards a system where device manufacturers self-regulate the device market. As a result, a manufacturer now simply requests a... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Type Allocation Code-Type Allocation Code-Both the old and new TAC uniquely identify a model of phone, although some models may have more than one code, depending on revision, manufacturing location, and other factors. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Type Allocation Code-New Zealand RBI broadband service TAC lock-In New Zealand with the rollout of the government subizidised rural broadband initiative a way was required to prevent users inserting the rural broadband SIM cards in an unauthorised devices to get subsidized data rates. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Type Allocation Code-New Zealand RBI broadband service TAC lock-The use of a TAC lock was devised by the use of a customised SIM card with imbedded TAC codes was devised, Several Type allocation codes can be stored in the Sim cards of the device to allow a group of provider supplied huawei branded 4G modems and block t... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Type Allocation Code-New Zealand RBI broadband service TAC lock-A company wishing to resell vodafone RBI is required to supply a device for approval process and certification and supply vodafone with the TAC details of this device to embed into the SIM cards at the point of manufacture, a minimum order of 500 SIM cards... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Type Allocation Code-New Zealand RBI broadband service TAC lock-There has been controversy around this decision as Huawei is the sole provider of the rural 4g broad band devices and a bulletin was released by the NZ GSSB to block the 5g rollout with Huawei hardware but users are forced to use Huawei devices on the 4G R... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Hjelmslev transformation-Hjelmslev transformation-In mathematics, the Hjelmslev transformation is an effective method for mapping an entire hyperbolic plane into a circle with a finite radius. The transformation was invented by Danish mathematician Johannes Hjelmslev. It utilizes Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky's 23rd th... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Hjelmslev transformation-Hjelmslev transformation-Lobachevsky observes, using a combination of his 16th and 23rd theorems, that it is a fundamental characteristic of hyperbolic geometry that there must exist a distinct angle of parallelism for any given line length. Let us say for the length AE, its angle of parallelis... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Hjelmslev transformation-Hjelmslev transformation-There are a few properties that are retained through the transformation which enable valuable information to be ascertained therefrom, namely: The image of a circle sharing the center of the transformation will be a circle about this same center.
As a result, the images... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Hjelmslev transformation-The Hjelmslev transformation and the Klein model-If we represent hyperbolic space by means of the Klein model, and take the center of the Hjelmslev transformation to be the center point of the Klein model, then the Hjelmslev transformation maps points in the unit disk to points in a disk center... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
RGS18-RGS18-Regulator of G-protein signaling 18 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RGS18 gene. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
RGS18-Function-This gene encodes a member of the regulator of G-protein signaling family. This protein contains a conserved 120 amino acid motif called the RGS domain. The protein attenuates the signaling activity of G-proteins by binding to activated, GTP-bound G alpha subunits and acting as a GTPase activating protei... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
RGS18-Clinical significance-Several RGS18 alleles that result in reduced RGS18 expression are associated with the development of atherosclerosis. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms in the RGS18 gene that interfere with binding of GATA1 and NFE2 transcription factors result in decreased expression of RGS18. RSG18 Knock... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
RGS18-Interactions-RGS18 has been shown to interact with GNAI3. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nano--Nano--Nano (symbol n) is a unit prefix meaning one billionth. Used primarily with the metric system, this prefix denotes a factor of 10−9 or 0.000000001. It is frequently encountered in science and electronics for prefixing units of time and length.
Examples Three gold atoms lined up are about one nanometer (nm) ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Hold-And-Modify-Hold-And-Modify-Hold-And-Modify, usually abbreviated as HAM, is a display mode of the Commodore Amiga computer. It uses a highly unusual technique to express the color of pixels, allowing many more colors to appear on screen than would otherwise be possible. HAM mode was commonly used to display digitiz... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Hold-And-Modify-Background-The original Amiga chipset uses a planar display with a 12-bit RGB color space that produces 4096 possible colors.
The bitmap of the playfield was held in a section of main memory known as chip RAM, which was shared between the display system and the main CPU. The display system usually used ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Hold-And-Modify-Background-The hardware contained 32 registers that could be set to any of the 4096 possible colors, and the image could access up to 32 values using 5 bits per pixel. The sixth available bit could be used by a display mode known as Extra Half-Brite which reduced the luminosity of that pixel by half, pr... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Hold-And-Modify-Hold-And-Modify mode-The Amiga chipset was designed using a HSV (hue, saturation and luminance) color model, as was common for early home computers and games consoles which relied on television sets for display. HSV maps more directly to the YUV colorspace used by NTSC and PAL color TVs, requiring simpl... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Hold-And-Modify-Hold-And-Modify mode-The variant of HSV encoding used in the original form of HAM allowed for prioritising the update of luminance information over hue and particularly saturation, switching between the three components as needed, compared to the more regular interleaving of full-resolution luma ( Y ) w... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Hold-And-Modify-Hold-And-Modify mode-As the Amiga design migrated from a games console to a more general purpose home computer, the video chipset was itself changed from HSV to the modern RGB color model, seemingly negating much of the benefit of HAM mode. Amiga project lead Jay Miner relates: Hold and Modify came from... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Hold-And-Modify-Hold-And-Modify mode-The final form of Hold-And-Modify was, hardware-wise, functionally the same as the original HSV concept, but instead of operating on those three descriptive components (mostly prioritising the V component), it modifies one of the three RGB color channels. HAM can be considered a los... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Hold-And-Modify-Hold-And-Modify mode-"Decompression" of the HAM encoded color space is achieved in realtime by the display hardware, as the graphics buffer data is being displayed. Each encoded pixel acts as either a normal index to the color palette registers, or as a command to directly alter the value held in the ou... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Hold-And-Modify-Hold-And-Modify mode-Usage When the Amiga was launched in 1985, HAM mode offered a significant advantage over competing systems. HAM allows display of all 4096 colors simultaneously, though with the aforementioned limitations. This pseudo-photorealistic display was unprecedented for a home computer of t... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Hold-And-Modify-Hold-And-Modify mode-The original purpose of HAM, which was to allow more color resolution despite limited video buffer size and limited memory bandwidth, had become largely irrelevant thanks to the lifting of those limits. As more modern computers are inherently capable of high resolution truecolor dis... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Hold-And-Modify-Hold-And-Modify mode-Limitations HAM mode places restrictions on the value of adjacent pixels on each horizontal line of the playfield. In order to render two arbitrary colors adjacently, it may take up to two intermediary pixels to change to the intended color (if the red, green and blue components mus... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Hold-And-Modify-Hold-And-Modify mode-Displaying a full color image in HAM mode requires some careful preprocessing. Because HAM can only modify one of the RGB components at a time, rapid color transitions along a scan line may be best achieved by using one of the preset color registers for these transitions. To render ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Hold-And-Modify-Hold-And-Modify mode-Additionally, HAM mode does not easily permit arbitrary animation of the display. For example, if an arbitrary portion of the playfield is to be moved to another on-screen position, the Hold-and-Modify values may have to be recomputed on all source and target lines in order to displ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
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