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VS ribozyme-Hypothesis For Evolution of VS Ribozyme-1. A molecular fossil of RNA world which has retained both cleavage and ligation functions. 2. VS Ribozyme later acquired one or more of its enzymatic activities.
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
VS ribozyme-Hypothesis For Evolution of VS Ribozyme-RNA mediated cleavage and ligation is found in group 1 and group 2 self-splicing RNAs. VS RNA contains many conserved sequence characteristics to group 1 introns. However VS ribozyme splice site is different from group 1 intron splice site and VR ribozyme self-cleavin...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Number (music)-Number (music)-In music, number refers to an individual song, dance, or instrumental piece which is part of a larger work of musical theatre, opera, or oratorio. It can also refer either to an individual song in a published collection or an individual song or dance in a performance of several unrelated m...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Number (music)-Musical theatre and related genres-In musical theatre, the lyrics of the individual song numbers are integrated with the narrative of the libretto (or "book"). As early as 1917, Jerome Kern wrote that "musical numbers should carry on the action of the play, and should be representative of the personaliti...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Number (music)-Opera and oratorio-Opera numbers may be arias, but also ensemble pieces, such as duets, trios, quartets, quintets, sextets or choruses. They may also be ballets and instrumental pieces, such as marches, sinfonias, or intermezzi. Until the mid-19th century most operas were structured as a series of discre...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Regenerative shock absorber-Regenerative shock absorber-A regenerative shock absorber is a type of shock absorber that converts parasitic intermittent linear motion and vibration into useful energy, such as electricity. Conventional shock absorbers simply dissipate this energy as heat.
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Regenerative shock absorber-Regenerative shock absorber-When used in an electric vehicle or hybrid electric vehicle the electricity generated by the shock absorber can be diverted to its powertrain to increase battery life. In non-electric vehicles the electricity can be used to power accessories such as air conditioni...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Regenerative shock absorber-Electromagnetic-A patent for such a device was filed in 2005. This type of system uses a linear motor/generator consisting of a stack of permanent magnets and coils to generate electricity. This system was further developed at Tufts University and has been licensed to Electric Truck, LLC. Pr...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Regenerative shock absorber-Hydraulic-A system developed at MIT uses hydraulic pistons to force fluid through a turbine coupled to a generator. The system is controlled by active electronics which optimize damping, which the inventors claim also results in a smoother ride compared to a conventional suspension. They cal...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Stocking (forestry)-Stocking (forestry)-Stocking is a quantitative measure of the area occupied by trees, usually measured in terms of well-spaced trees or basal area per hectare, relative to an optimum or desired level of density. It is also known as a measure of the growth potential of a site that may be affected by ...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Stocking (forestry)-Stocking (forestry)-Stand density is not the same as stocking. See stand density index for the difference.
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Stocking (forestry)-Stocking charts-Once the stands have been measured, they are marked as either overstocked, 50% stocked, or understocked. When an area is overstocked it means that it has too many trees in the given area, and it will be affecting the growth of other trees that are around it. When an area is understoc...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Stocking (forestry)-Measurement types-Basal area per acre When stocking, you are measuring a tree’s basal area. It is a cross-sectional area about 4.5 feet above the ground in the tree's center. The basal area is measured in square feet per tree in the given stand. The equation for calculating the basal area of trees i...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Stocking (forestry)-Measurement types-Trees per acre When looking at stocking, it is important to account for the trees per acre in your stand. This follows the same principle of basal area. When looking at the trees per acre, make several estimates in the stand and take the average to have the most reliable source of ...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Bloom syndrome-Bloom syndrome-Bloom syndrome (often abbreviated as BS in literature) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by short stature, predisposition to the development of cancer, and genomic instability. BS is caused by mutations in the BLM gene which is a member of the RecQ DNA helicase f...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Bloom syndrome-Bloom syndrome-Cells from a person with Bloom syndrome exhibit a striking genomic instability that includes excessive crossovers between homologous chromosomes and sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs). The condition was discovered and first described by New York dermatologist Dr. David Bloom in 1954.Bloom s...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Bloom syndrome-Presentation-The most prominent feature of Bloom syndrome is proportional small size. The small size is apparent in utero. At birth, neonates exhibit rostral to caudal lengths, head circumferences, and birth weights that are typically below the third percentile.The second most commonly noted feature is a...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Bloom syndrome-Presentation-There are a variety of other features that are commonly associated with Bloom syndrome. There is a moderate immune deficiency, characterized by deficiency in certain immunoglobulin classes and a generalized proliferative defect of B and T cells. The immune deficiency is thought to be the cau...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Bloom syndrome-Genetics-Bloom syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder, caused by mutations in the maternally- and paternally-derived copies of the gene BLM. As in other autosomal recessive conditions, the parents of an individual with Bloom syndrome do not necessarily exhibit any features of the syndrome. The mutat...
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Bloom syndrome-Genetics-Relationship to cancer and aging As noted above, there is greatly elevated rate of mutation in Bloom syndrome and the genomic instability is associated with a high risk of cancer in affected individuals. The cancer predisposition is characterized by 1) broad spectrum, including leukemias, lympho...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Bloom syndrome-Pathophysiology-When a cell prepares to divide to form two cells, the chromosomes are duplicated so that each new cell will get a complete set of chromosomes. The duplication process is called DNA replication. Errors made during DNA replication can lead to mutations. The BLM protein is important in maint...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Bloom syndrome-Diagnosis-Bloom syndrome is diagnosed using any of three tests - the presence of quadriradial (Qr, a four-armed chromatid interchange) in cultured blood lymphocytes, and/or the elevated levels of sister chromatid exchange in cells of any type, and/or the mutation in the BLM gene. The US Food and Drug Adm...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Bloom syndrome-Treatment-Bloom syndrome has no specific treatment; however, avoiding sun exposure and using sunscreens can help prevent some of the cutaneous changes associated with photo-sensitivity. Efforts to minimize exposure to other known environmental mutagens are also advisable in multiple forms.
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Bloom syndrome-Epidemiology-Bloom syndrome is an extremely rare disorder in most populations and the frequency of the disease has not been measured in most populations. However, the disorder is relatively more common amongst people of Central and Eastern European Ashkenazi Jewish background. Approximately 1 in 48,000 A...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Bloom syndrome-Epidemiology-Bloom's Syndrome Registry The Bloom's Syndrome Registry lists 265 individuals reported to have this rare disorder (as of 2009), collected from the time it was first recognized in 1954. The registry was developed as a surveillance mechanism to observe the effects of cancer in the patients, wh...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
CDY1-CDY1-Testis-specific chromodomain protein Y 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CDY1 gene.This gene encodes a protein containing a chromodomain and a histone acetyltransferase catalytic domain. Chromodomain proteins are components of heterochromatin-like complexes and can act as gene repressors. This p...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Sulfinyl nitrene-Sulfinyl nitrene-A sulfinyl nitrene is a chemical compound with generic formula R-S(O)N, with oxygen and nitrogen both bonded to the sulfur atom.
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Sulfinyl nitrene-Preparation-Sulfinyl nitrenes can be generated from the unstable sulfinyl azides (R-SON3). However this reaction easily results in explosions and unpredictable results.Sulfinyl nitrenes can be prepared from a sulfinylhydroxylamine, with R–O–N=S=O, by a reaction with an organometallic M-R1 compound to y...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Sulfinyl nitrene-Properties-Sulfinyl nitrenes are electrophilic.Sulfinyl nitrenes have a resonance structure between sulfur in a +6 oxidation state and a triple bond to nitrogen, or sulfur with a +4 state, nitrogen in +1 state and a single bond, or a positive charge on sulfur and a negative charge on nitrogen with a do...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Sulfinyl nitrene-Reactions-Sulfinyl nitrenes are unstable and react with themselves to yield sulfonyl nitrenes, disulfides or polymerise to trioxotrithiztriazes.The reaction with water yields a sulfonylamide (R-SO2NH2.The reaction of a sulfinyl nitrene with sulfoxides results in a sulfonyl sulfoximde, with the oxygen j...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Sulfinyl nitrene-Examples-Trifluoromethyl sulfinyl nitrene (CF3S(O)N) has been produced as a gas, and isolated in a noble gas matrix.Methoxysulfinyl nitrene (CH3OS(O)N) was also produced by decomposing the azide.
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Sulfinyl nitrene-Related-Sulfinyl nitrenes are distinct from sulfonyl nitrenes which have two oxygen atoms attached to the sulfur atom.Thiazate or thionylimide ([NSO]−) is an anion that exists as alkali metal salts. They can be formed by a tri-tert-butoxy metal reaction with a trimethylsilyl compound:KOtBu + Me3SiNSO →...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
10th edition of Systema Naturae-10th edition of Systema Naturae-The 10th edition of Systema Naturae is a book written by Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus and published in two volumes in 1758 and 1759, which marks the starting point of zoological nomenclature. In it, Linnaeus introduced binomial nomenclature for animals...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
10th edition of Systema Naturae-Starting point-Before 1758, most biological catalogues had used polynomial names for the taxa included, including earlier editions of Systema Naturae. The first work to consistently apply binomial nomenclature across the animal kingdom was the 10th edition of Systema Naturae. The Interna...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
10th edition of Systema Naturae-Revisions-During Linnaeus' lifetime, Systema Naturae was under continuous revision. Progress was incorporated into new and ever-expanding editions; for example, in his 1st edition (1735), whales and manatees were originally classified as species of fish (as was thought to be the case the...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
10th edition of Systema Naturae-Animals-The animal kingdom (as described by Linnaeus): "Animals enjoy sensation by means of a living organization, animated by a medullary substance; perception by nerves; and motion by the exertion of the will. They have members for the different purposes of life; organs for their diffe...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
10th edition of Systema Naturae-Animals-Mammalia Linnaeus described mammals as: "Animals that suckle their young by means of lactiferous teats. In external and internal structure they resemble man: most of them are quadrupeds; and with man, their natural enemy, inhabit the surface of the Earth. The largest, though fewe...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
10th edition of Systema Naturae-Plants-The second volume, published in 1759, detailed the kingdom Plantae, in which Linnaeus included true plants, as well as fungi, algae and lichens. In addition to repeating the species he had previously listed in his Species Plantarum (1753), and those published in the intervening pe...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Charades-Charades-Charades (UK: , US: ) is a parlor or party word guessing game. Originally, the game was a dramatic form of literary charades: a single person would act out each syllable of a word or phrase in order, followed by the whole phrase together, while the rest of the group guessed. A variant was to have team...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Charades-History-Literary charades A charade was a form of literary riddle popularized in France in the 18th century where each syllable of the answer was described enigmatically as a separate word before the word as a whole was similarly described. The term charade was borrowed into English from French in the second h...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Charades-History-William Mackworth Praed's poetic charades became famous.Later examples omitted direct references to individual syllables, such as the following, said to be a favorite of Theodore Roosevelt: The answer is "an actor".
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Charades-History-In the early 20th century, the 11th edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica offered these two prose charades as "perhaps as good as could be selected": "My first, with the most rooted antipathy to a Frenchman, prides himself, whenever they meet, upon sticking close to his jacket; my second has many virt...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Charades-History-and "My first is company; my second shuns company; my third collects company; and my whole amuses company". with the answers being tartar and conundrum.
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Charades-History-Acted charades In the early 19th century, the French began performing "acting" or "acted charades"—with the written description replaced by dramatic performances as a parlor game—and this was brought over to Britain by the English aristocracy. Thus the term gradually became more popularly used to refer...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Charades-History-In the 1939 movie The Mystery of Mr. Wong, the game is called "Indications".
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Charades-Rules-As a long-lived and informal game, charades' rules can vary widely. Common features of the game include holding up a number of fingers to indicate the number of syllables in the answer, silently replying to questions, and making a "come on" gesture once the guesses become close; some forms of the games, ...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Charades-Rules-Common features of the modern game include: Players are not allowed to play people or actors etc. Players divided into two or more exclusive teams.
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Charades-Rules-A notebook or scraps of paper, used for one team to write the answer(s) to be performed by a member of the other side. The answer(s) may be restricted to dictionary words, titles of artistic works, etc. to limit the difficulty. Words which cannot be explained other than by spelling (e.g., the or of) may ...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Charades-Rules-A silent performance by the player to his or her teammates. To enforce a focus on physical acting out of the clues, silent mouthing of the words for lipreading, spelling, and pointing are generally banned. Humming, clapping, and other noises may be banned as well. A clock, timer, hourglass, etc. to limit...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Charades-Common signals-The following gestures are commonly used in the game: A number of fingers at the beginning of play gives the number of words in the answer. Holding the number on the opposite inside elbow denotes the number of syllables in a particular word. Pointing at or tugging on an earlobe means "sounds lik...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Charades-Common signals-"Come on", "close", or "keep guessing" may be indicated by any "come here" gesture or by holding one's hands toward each other and spinning them in circles "More" or "add a suffix" may be indicated by similar movements or by miming the act of stretching out a rubber band "I" may be signed either...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Charades-Common signals-"OK sign" can mean 3, 0, or the middle finger (in Portuguese).Some of these signs may be banned from some forms of the game.
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Kostant partition function-Kostant partition function-In representation theory, a branch of mathematics, the Kostant partition function, introduced by Bertram Kostant (1958, 1959), of a root system Δ is the number of ways one can represent a vector (weight) as a non-negative integer linear combination of the positive ...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Kostant partition function-Kostant partition function-The Kostant partition function can also be defined for Kac–Moody algebras and has similar properties.
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Kostant partition function-Examples-A2 Consider the A2 root system, with positive roots α1 , α2 , and := α1+α2 . If an element μ can be expressed as a non-negative integer linear combination of α1 , α2 , and α3 , then since α3=α1+α2 , it can also be expressed as a non-negative integer linear combination of the ...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Kostant partition function-Examples-If n1≤n2 , then P(n1,n2)=b(n1) . If n2≤n1≤2n2 , then P(n1,n2)=q2(n2)−b(2n2−n1−1)=b(n1)−q2(n1−n2−1) . If 2n2≤n1 , then P(n1,n2)=q2(n2) . The auxiliary functions are defined for n≥1 and are given by q2(n)=12(n+1)(n+2) and b(n)=14(n+2)2 for n even, 14(n+1)(n+3) for n odd. G2...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Kostant partition function-Relation to the Weyl character formula-Inverting the Weyl denominator For each root α and each H∈h , we can formally apply the formula for the sum of a geometric series to obtain 11−e−α(H)=1+e−α(H)+e−2α(H)+⋯ where we do not worry about convergence—that is, the equality is understood at the ...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Kostant partition function-Relation to the Weyl character formula-Rewriting the character formula This argument shows that we can convert the Weyl character formula for the irreducible representation with highest weight λ ch ⁡(V)=∑w∈W(−1)ℓ(w)ew⋅(λ+ρ)(H)∑w∈W(−1)ℓ(w)ew⋅ρ(H) from a quotient to a product: ch ⁡(V)=(∑w∈W(−1...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Kostant partition function-Relation to the Weyl character formula-The multiplicity formula Using the preceding rewriting of the character formula, it is relatively easy to write the character as a sum of exponentials. The coefficients of these exponentials are the multiplicities of the corresponding weights. We thus ob...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Suprameatal spine-Suprameatal spine-The inner end of the external acoustic meatus is closed, in the recent state, by the tympanic membrane; the upper limit of its outer orifice is formed by the posterior root of the zygomatic process, immediately below which there is sometimes seen a small spine, the suprameatal spine ...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
E♭ (musical note)-E♭ (musical note)-E♭ (E-flat) or mi bémol is the fourth semitone of the solfège. It lies a diatonic semitone above D and a chromatic semitone below E, thus being enharmonic to D♯ (D-sharp) or re dièse. In equal temperament it is also enharmonic with F (F-double flat). However, in some temperaments, D♯...
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E♭ (musical note)-Scales-Common scales beginning on E♭ E♭ major: E♭ F G A♭ B♭ C D E♭ E♭ natural minor: E♭ F G♭ A♭ B♭ C♭ D♭ E♭ E♭ harmonic minor: E♭ F G♭ A♭ B♭ C♭ D E♭ E♭ melodic minor ascending: E♭ F G♭ A♭ B♭ C D E♭ E♭ melodic minor descending: E♭ D♭ C♭ B♭ A♭ G♭ F E♭ Diatonic scales E♭ Ionian: E♭ F G A♭ B♭ C D E♭ E♭ Do...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Hard-paste porcelain-Hard-paste porcelain-Hard-paste porcelain, sometimes called "true porcelain", is a ceramic material that was originally made from a compound of the feldspathic rock petuntse and kaolin fired at a very high temperature, usually around 1400 °C. It was first made in China around the 7th or 8th century...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Hard-paste porcelain-History-Chinese porcelain began to be exported to Europe by the Portuguese and later by the Dutch from the middle of the 16th century, creating vast demand for the material. The discovery in Europe of the secret of its manufacture has conventionally been credited to Johann Friedrich Böttger of Meis...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Hard-paste porcelain-History-In 1712, the French Jesuit François Xavier d'Entrecolles described the Chinese process of manufacturing porcelain in his letters to Europe. In 1771, the comte de Milly published L'art de la porcelaine, a detailed account of the processes of creating hard-paste porcelain, ending its prestige...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Hard-paste porcelain-Characteristics-Hard-paste porcelain is now differentiated from soft-paste porcelain mainly by the firing temperature, with the former being higher, to around 1400 °C, and the latter to around 1200 °C. Depending on the raw materials and firing methods used, hard-paste porcelain can also resemble st...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Shot silk-Shot silk-Shot silk (also called changeant, changeable silk, changeable taffeta, cross-color, changeable fabric, or "dhoop chaon" ("sunshine shade")) is a fabric which is made up of silk woven from warp and weft yarns of two or more colours producing an iridescent appearance. A "shot" is a single throw of the...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Shot silk-History-A shot silk vestment of purple and yellow dating from about 698 is described in detail in a document written in about 1170, showing that the technique existed since at least the 7th century. An argument has been made that shot silk was also described as purpura at this time, the Latin word mainly appl...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Shot silk-Current use-Shot silks are used today to make neckties and other garments. Notably, some forms of academic dress use shot silks, such as those of the University of Wales and the University of Cambridge. For example, the robes of a Cambridge Doctor of Divinity are faced with "dove" silk, which is turquoise sho...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Buchholz hydra-Buchholz hydra-In mathematical logic, especially in graph theory and number theory, the Buchholz hydra game is a type of hydra game, which is a single-player game based on the idea of chopping pieces off of a mathematical tree. The hydra game can be used to generate a rapidly growing function, BH(n) , w...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Buchholz hydra-Rules-The game is played on a hydra, a finite, rooted connected tree A with the following properties: The root of A has a special label, usually denoted + Any other node of A has a label ν≤ω All nodes directly above the root of A have a label 0 .If the player decides to remove the top node σ of ...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Buchholz hydra-Rules-If the label of σ is ω , A(σ,n) is obtained by replacing the label of σ with n+1 .If σ is the rightmost head of A , we write A(n) . A series of moves is called a strategy, and a strategy is called a winning strategy if, after a finite amount of moves, the hydra reduces to its root. It has b...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Buchholz hydra-Hydra theorem-Buchholz's paper in 1987 showed that the canonical correspondence between a hydra and an infinitary well-founded tree (or the corresponding term in the notation system T associated to Buchholz's function, which does not necessarily belong to the ordinal notation system OT⊂T ), preserves f...
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Buchholz hydra-BH(n)-Suppose a tree consists of just one branch with x nodes, labelled +,0,ω,...,ω . Call such a tree Rn . It cannot be proven in Π11−CA+BI that for all x , there exists k such that Rx(1)(2)(3)...(k) is a winning strategy. (The latter expression means taking the tree Rx , then transforming it wi...
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Buchholz hydra-Analysis-It is possible to make a one-to-one correspondence between some hydras and ordinals. To convert a tree or subtree to an ordinal: Inductively convert all the immediate children of the node to ordinals. Add up those child ordinals. If there were no children, this will be 0. If the label of the nod...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Buy a Shotgun-Buy a Shotgun-"Buy a Shotgun" is a phrase spoken by then Vice-President of the United States Joe Biden during a video question and answer session hosted by Parents Magazine in 2013. During the session, Biden questioned the utility of a semi-automatic rifle as a home defense weapon, suggesting a shotgun wa...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Buy a Shotgun-Background-Early 2013 comments on shotguns In January 2013, during an interactive chat session on the social networking site Google+, then vice-president of the United States Joe Biden responded to a question about personal protection in the wake of a natural disaster by explaining the prudence in buying ...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Buy a Shotgun-Background-"You know, it's harder to use an assault weapon to hit something than it is a shotgun, OK. So if you want to keep people away in an earthquake, buy some shotgun shells." The following month, Biden was interviewed by Field & Stream, during which he said ownership of semi-automatic rifles was unn...
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Buy a Shotgun-Background-"Buy a Shotgun" Later, on February 19, Biden hosted a question and answer session with Parents Magazine on the social networking site Facebook. During the session, the topic of gun control was raised. Biden noted that he personally owned two shotguns and had advised Jill Biden that "if there's ...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Buy a Shotgun-Reaction-Social media response Biden's remarks during his Facebook session, according to CNN, "unleashed a torrent of online reaction" on social media.
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Buy a Shotgun-Reaction-Legal analysis The Wilmington, Delaware police department – in whose jurisdiction it is believed Biden's shotguns were stored – advised that it was illegal for residents to discharge firearms on their property unless "you really feel that your life is being threatened". Former Delaware deputy att...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Buy a Shotgun-Reaction-Security assessment Regarding the efficacy of a shotgun as a personal security device, Jeff Johnston wrote in American Hunter that "Biden had it partially right when he said shotguns are good for self-defense," but objected to Biden's specific advice to use a double-barreled shotgun.
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Buy a Shotgun-Reaction-"Joe Biden defense" A Washington state man was put on trial in November 2013 for illegal discharge of a firearm after he fired a shotgun blast to deter car thieves on his property the previous summer. During his trial, the man pleaded in his defense that "I did what Joe Biden told me to do" but w...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Buy a Shotgun-In popular culture-Biden's comments were remixed by The Gregory Brothers with Darren Criss into a song titled "Buy a Shotgun" which was released on YouTube in August 2013. The use of the so-called "Joe Biden defense" in Washington state became the subject of a two-minute comedy bit on The Daily Show with ...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Steroid use in Australia-Steroid use in Australia-Anabolic/androgenic steroids are drugs that are obtained from the male hormone, testosterone. Anabolic steroids are used for muscle-building and strength gain for cosmetic reasons as well as for performance-enhancement in athletics and bodybuilding. Anabolic steroids wo...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Steroid use in Australia-Statistics-In Australia, many people are encouraged to use steroids due to the body image expectations created by society. In secondary schools, 3.2% of boys and 1.2% of girls are using steroids. Many Australian bodybuilders visit Bangkok and Pattaya in Thailand because the pharmacies there sel...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Steroid use in Australia-Notable events-In the first 3 months of 2008, 300 AAS seizures were reported by the Australian Customs and Border Protection Service.
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Brown sugar-Brown sugar-Brown sugar is a sucrose sugar product with a distinctive brown color due to the presence of molasses. It is by tradition an unrefined or partially refined soft sugar consisting of sugar crystals with some residual molasses content (natural brown sugar), but is now often produced by the addition...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Brown sugar-Characteristics-The Codex Alimentarius requires brown sugar to contain at least 88% sucrose plus invert sugar. Commercial brown sugar contains from 3.5% molasses (light brown sugar) to 6.5% molasses (dark brown sugar) based on its total volume. Based on total weight, regular commercial brown sugar contains ...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Brown sugar-Characteristics-Particle size is variable but generally smaller than that of granulated white sugar. Products for industrial use (e.g., the industrial production of cakes) may be based on caster sugar, which has crystals of approximately 0.35 mm.
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Brown sugar-History-From a type of raw sugar to a consumer product The meaning of the term 'brown sugar' has changed over time. In the 19th century, American works referred to 'refining brown sugar'. Americans also referred to the 'Brown sugar of Commerce', which could be refined with a yield of 70% of white sugar. In ...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Brown sugar-History-Smear campaign In the late 19th century, the newly consolidated refined white sugar industry, which did not have full control over brown sugar production, mounted a smear campaign against brown sugar, reproducing microscopic photographs of harmless but repulsive-looking microbes living in brown suga...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Brown sugar-Production-Brown sugar is often produced by adding sugarcane molasses to completely refined white sugar crystals to more carefully control the ratio of molasses to sugar crystals and to reduce manufacturing costs. Brown sugar prepared in this manner is often much coarser than its unrefined equivalent and it...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Brown sugar-Production-The molasses usually used for food is obtained from sugar cane, because the flavor is generally preferred over beet sugar molasses, although in some areas, especially in Belgium and the Netherlands, sugar beet molasses is used. The white sugar used can be from either beet or cane, as the chemical...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Brown sugar-Natural brown sugar-Definition Natural brown sugar, raw sugar or whole cane sugar is sugar that retains some amount of the molasses from the mother liquor (the partially evaporated sugar cane juice). The term 'Natural brown sugar' can be traced back to at least the 1940s, when it was noted that the sugar re...
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Brown sugar-Natural brown sugar-Modern types of natural brown sugar Some natural brown sugars have particular names and characteristics, and are sold as turbinado, demerara or raw sugar. These have been centrifuged, and therefore can be said to have been refined to a large degree. Muscovado is darkest of the modern typ...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Brown sugar-Natural brown sugar-Traditional types of natural brown sugar Brown sugars that have been only mildly centrifuged or unrefined (non-centrifuged) retain a much higher degree of molasses than products sold as natural brown sugar to consumers in developed nations. These traditional brown sugars are called vario...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Brown sugar-Natural brown sugar-Muscovado from the Portuguese açúcar mascavado, was the most common type of raw sugar and was also called brown sugar. In the 19th century, this was the sugar that based upon weight yielded about 70% white sugar when fully refined.Muscovado, panela, piloncillo, chancaca, jaggery and othe...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Brown sugar-Culinary & Health considerations-Brown sugar adds flavor to desserts and baked goods. It can be substituted for maple sugar, and maple sugar can be substituted for it in recipes. Brown sugar caramelizes much more readily than refined sugar, and this effect can be used to make glazes and gravies brown while ...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Brown sugar-Culinary & Health considerations-For domestic purposes one can create the equivalent of brown sugar by mixing white sugar with molasses. Suitable proportions are about one tablespoon of molasses to each cup of sugar (one-sixteenth of the total volume). Molasses comprises about 10% of brown sugar's total wei...
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